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Li P, Luo J, Jiang Y, Pan X, Dong M, Chen B, Wang J, Zhou H, Jiang H, Duan Y, Lin N. Downregulation of OATP2B1 by proinflammatory cytokines leads to 5-ASA hyposensitivity in Ulcerative colitis. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111074. [PMID: 38844255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a first-line agent in both remission and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mucosal concentration of 5-ASA was significantly lower in patients with severe histological inflammation, which further led to a poor response to 5-ASA treatment. Our study aimed to clarify the mechanism of 5-ASA uptake into colonic epithelial cells and to further explore the reason for the decreased colonic mucosal 5-ASA concentration in UC patients. Our results demonstrated that the colonic 5-ASA concentration was notably reduced in DSS-induced colitis mice and inversely correlated with colonic inflammation. 5-ASA was not a substrate of carnitine/organic cation transporter 1/2 (OCTN1/2) or multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), whereas organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) and sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SMCT1) mediated the uptake of 5-ASA, with a greater contribution from OATP2B1 than SMCT1. Inhibitors and siRNAs targeting OATP2B1 significantly reduced 5-ASA absorption in colonic cell lines. Moreover, OATP2B1 expression was dramatically downregulated in colon tissues from UC patients and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice, and was also negatively correlated with colonic inflammation. Mechanistically, mixed proinflammatory cytokines downregulated the expression of OATP2B1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner through the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α) pathway. In conclusion, OATP2B1 was the pivotal transporter involved in colonic 5-ASA uptake, which indicated that inducing OATP2B1 expression may be a strategy to promote 5-ASA uptake and further improve the concentration and anti-inflammatory efficacy of 5-ASA in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Jiang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Pan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minlei Dong
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binxin Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangri Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Nengming Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Chen H, Yu Y, Hu L, Wu X, Luo L, Lin H, Liu Y, Liu Z. Metabolomic profiling of the aqueous humor in patients with pediatric cataract. Exp Eye Res 2024; 243:109906. [PMID: 38657786 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric cataract, including congenital and developmental cataract, is a kind of pediatric vision-threatening disease with extensive phenotypic heterogeneity and multiple mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the metabolite profile of aqueous humor (AH) in patients with pediatric cataracts, and identify underlying mutual correlations between differential metabolites. Metabolomic profiles of AH were analyzed and compared between pediatric cataract patients (n = 33) and age-related cataract patients without metabolic diseases (n = 29), using global untargeted metabolomics with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and heat map were applied. Enriched pathway analysis was conducted using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were employed to select potential biomarkers. A total of 318 metabolites were identified, of which 54 differential metabolites (25 upregulated and 29 downregulated) were detected in pediatric cataract group compared with controls (variable importance of projection >1.0, fold change ≥1.5 or ≤ 0.667 and P < 0.05). A significant accumulation of N-Acetyl-Dl-glutamic acid was observed in pediatric cataract group. The differential metabolites were mainly enriched in histidine metabolism (increased L-Histidine and decreased 1-Methylhistamine) and the tryptophan metabolism (increased N-Formylkynurenine and L-Kynurenine). 5-Aminosalicylic acid showed strong positive mutual inter-correlation with L-Tyrosinemethylester and N,N-Diethylethanolamine, both of which were down-regulated in pediatric cataract group. The ROC analysis implied 11 metabolites served as potential biomarkers for pediatric cataract patients (all area under the ROC curve ≥0.900). These results illustrated novel potential metabolites and metabolic pathways in pediatric cataract, which provides new insights into the pathophysiology of pediatric cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinglin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang M, Su Y, Gao Q, Zhou M, Xing Y, Chen Z, Liu X, Li Z, Geng X, Cao G, Zhang H, Wei S. Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine combined with 5-aminosalicylic acid for patients with ulcerative colitis: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31182. [PMID: 38813206 PMCID: PMC11133719 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Given the widespread use of Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) in combination with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) for Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nine CPMs combined with 5-ASA in the treatment of UC. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in eight databases from inception to May 2023 to identify eligible RCTs evaluating the effects of CPM combined with 5-ASA for the treatment of UC. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool in Review Manager 5.4. The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was the overall response rate. The secondary outcomes included excellent rate, disease activity index (DAI), IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels, mean platelet volume (MPV), fibrinogen (FIB) levels, recurrence rate, and adverse event rate. Network meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 15.0. Results In total, 70 RCTs including 5973 patients and 10 treatment regimens were included. The combination of Kangfuxin Liquid (KFL) and 5-ASA showed the greatest efficacy in improving FIB levels and the overall response rate. Bupi Yichang Pill (BYP) combined with 5-ASA was associated with the fewest adverse events and the lowest recurrence rate. Hudi Enteric-coated Capsule (HEC) combined with 5-ASA ranked first in improving DAI. ZhiKang Capsule (ZKC), ChangYanNing Capsule (CYN), and Danshen Injection (DSI) combined with 5-ASA ranked first in improving IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels, respectively. Shenling Baizhu Powder (SBP) combined with 5-ASA was associated with the highest excellent rate. Conclusions CPM combined with 5-ASA may be more effective than 5-ASA alone for treating UC. Besides, CPM combined with 5-ASA could better reduce the recurrence rate and adverse event rate in UC patients. The current meta-analysis provides statistical evidence for clinical application.Systematic Review Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), No. CRD42023433672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- High Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Yuan Su
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- High Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Ying Xing
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- High Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- High Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- High Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Zifa Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- High Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Xiwen Geng
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- High Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Guimao Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- High Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- High Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
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Crapnell R, Adarakatti PS, Banks CE. Electroanalytical Overview: The Sensing of Mesalamine (5-Aminosalicylic Acid). ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:42-53. [PMID: 38404492 PMCID: PMC10885326 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mesalamine, known as 5-aminosalicylic acid, is a medication used primarily in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. 5-Aminosalicylic acid can be measured using various benchtop laboratory techniques which involve liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, but these are sophisticated and large, meaning that they cannot be used on-site because transportation of the samples, chemicals, and physical and biological reactions can potentially occur, which can affect the sample's composition and potentially result in inaccurate results. An alternative approach is the use of electrochemical based sensing platforms which has the advantages of portability, cost-efficiency, facile miniaturization, and rapid analysis while nonetheless providing sensitivity and selectivity. We provide an overview of the use of the electroanalytical techniques for the sensing of 5-aminosalicylic acid and compare them to other laboratory-based measurements. The applications, challenges faced, and future opportunities for electroanalytical based sensing platforms are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
D. Crapnell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester
Street, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - Prashanth S. Adarakatti
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester
Street, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester
Street, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom
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5
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Zhao L, Chen J, Bai B, Song G, Zhang J, Yu H, Huang S, Wang Z, Lu G. Topical drug delivery strategies for enhancing drug effectiveness by skin barriers, drug delivery systems and individualized dosing. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1333986. [PMID: 38293666 PMCID: PMC10825035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1333986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is widely used in various diseases because of the advantages of not passing through the gastrointestinal tract, avoiding gastrointestinal irritation and hepatic first-pass effect, and reaching the lesion directly to reduce unnecessary adverse reactions. The skin helps the organism to defend itself against a huge majority of external aggressions and is one of the most important lines of defense of the body. However, the skin's strong barrier ability is also a huge obstacle to the effectiveness of topical medications. Allowing the bioactive, composition in a drug to pass through the stratum corneum barrier as needed to reach the target site is the most essential need for the bioactive, composition to exert its therapeutic effect. The state of the skin barrier, the choice of delivery system for the bioactive, composition, and individualized disease detection and dosing planning influence the effectiveness of topical medications. Nowadays, enhancing transdermal absorption of topically applied drugs is the hottest research area. However, enhancing transdermal absorption of drugs is not the first choice to improve the effectiveness of all drugs. Excessive transdermal absorption enhances topical drug accumulation at non-target sites and the occurrence of adverse reactions. This paper introduces topical drug delivery strategies to improve drug effectiveness from three perspectives: skin barrier, drug delivery system and individualized drug delivery, describes the current status and shortcomings of topical drug research, and provides new directions and ideas for topical drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bai Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Dutra JAP, Luiz MT, Tavares Junior AG, Di Filippo LD, Carvalho SG, Chorilli M. Temozolomide: an Overview of Biological Properties, Drug Delivery Nanosystems, and Analytical Methods. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2073-2088. [PMID: 35658888 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220603152918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an imidazotetrazine prodrug used to treat glioblastoma multiforme. Its physicochemical prop-erties and small size confer the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The antitumor activity depends on pH-dependent hydrolysis of the methyldiazonium cation, which is capable of methylating purine bases (O6-guanine; N7-guanine, and N3-adenine) and causing DNA damage and cell death. TMZ is more stable in acidic media (pH ≤ 5.0) than in basic media (pH ≥ 7.0) due to the protonated form that minimizes the catalytic process. Because of this, TMZ has high oral bioavailability, but it has a half-life of 1.8 h and low brain distribution (17.8%), requiring a repeated dos-ing regimen that limits its efficacy and increases adverse events. Drug delivery Nanosystems (DDNs) improve the phys-icochemical properties of TMZ and may provide controlled and targeted delivery. Therefore, DDNs can increase the efficacy and safety of TMZ. In this context, to ensure the efficiency of DDNs, analytical methods are used to evaluate TMZ pharmacokinetic parameters, encapsulation efficiency, and the release profile of DDNs. Among the methods, high-performance liquid chromatography is the most used due to its detection sensitivity in complex matrices such as tissues and plasma. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography features fast analysis and no sample pretreatment. Spec-trophotometric methods are still used to determine encapsulation efficiency due to their low cost, despite their low sen-sitivity. This review summarizes the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of free TMZ and TMZ-loaded DDNs. In addition, this review addresses the main analytical methods employed to characterize TMZ in different ma-trices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Bra-zil
| | | | | | - Suzana Gonçalves Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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dos Santos AM, Junior AGT, Carvalho SG, Chorilli M. An updated review on properties, nanodelivery systems, and analytical methods for the determination of 5-fluorouracil in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1501-1512. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220509150918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite drug used for over 70 years as first-line chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer, such as head, neck, breast and colorectal cancer. 5-FU acts mainly by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, thereby interfering with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication or by 5-FU incorporating into DNA, causing damage to the sequence of nucleotides. Being analogous to uracil, 5-FU enters cells using the same transport mechanism, where a is converted into active metabolites such as fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP), fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), and fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate (FdUTP). Currently, there are several nanodelivery systems being developed and evaluated at the preclinical level to overcome existing limitations to 5-FU chemotherapy, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, nanoemulsions, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles. Therefore, it is essential to choose and develop suitable analytical methods for the quantification of 5-FU and its metabolites (5-fluorouridine and 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine) in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Among the analytical techniques, chromatographic methods are commonly the most used for the quantification of 5-FU from different matrices. However, other analytical methods have also been developed for the determination of 5-FU, such as electrochemical methods, a sensitive, selective, and precise technique, in addition to having a reduced cost. Here, we first review the physicochemical properties, mechanism of action, and advances in 5-FU nanodelivery systems. Next, we summarize the current progress of other chromatographic methods described to determine 5-FU. Lastly, we discuss the advantages of electrochemical methods for the identification and quantification of 5-FU and its metabolites in pharmaceutical and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Martins dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana Gonçalves Carvalho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
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8
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Hu Y, Ye Z, Wu M, She Y, Li L, Xu Y, Qin K, Hu Z, Yang M, Lu F, Ye Q. The Communication Between Intestinal Microbiota and Ulcerative Colitis: An Exploration of Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:766126. [PMID: 34966755 PMCID: PMC8710685 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.766126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The prolonged course of UC and the lack of effective treatment management make it difficult to cure, affecting the health and life safety of patients. Although UC has received more attention, the etiology and pathogenesis of UC are still unclear. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an updated and comprehensive understanding of UC and explore effective treatment strategies. Notably, sufficient evidence shows that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of UC, and the treating method aimed at improving the balance of the intestinal microbiota exhibits a therapeutic potential for UC. This article reviews the relationship between the genetic, immunological and microbial risk factors with UC. At the same time, the UC animal models related to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by chemical drugs were evaluated. Finally, the potential value of the therapeutic strategies for restoring intestinal microbial homeostasis and treating UC were also investigated. Comprehensively, this study may help to carry out preclinical research, treatment theory and methods, and health management strategy of UC, and provide some theoretical basis for TCM in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingqi She
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linzhen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fating Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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