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Marglous S, Brown CE, Padler-Karavani V, Cummings RD, Gildersleeve JC. Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2603-2642. [PMID: 38305761 PMCID: PMC7616341 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans and other animals produce a diverse collection of antibodies, many of which bind to carbohydrate chains, referred to as glycans. These anti-glycan antibodies are a critical part of our immune systems' defenses. Whether induced by vaccination or natural exposure to a pathogen, anti-glycan antibodies can provide protection against infections and cancers. Alternatively, when an immune response goes awry, antibodies that recognize self-glycans can mediate autoimmune diseases. In any case, serum anti-glycan antibodies provide a rich source of information about a patient's overall health, vaccination history, and disease status. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput platform to rapidly interrogate serum anti-glycan antibodies and identify new biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In addition, glycan microarrays enable detailed analysis of the immune system's response to vaccines and other treatments. Herein we review applications of glycan microarray technology for serum anti-glycan antibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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2
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Chen X, Sandrine IK, Yang M, Tu J, Yuan X. MUC1 and MUC16: critical for immune modulation in cancer therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356913. [PMID: 38361923 PMCID: PMC10867145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mucin (MUC) family, a range of highly glycosylated macromolecules, is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian epithelial cells. Such molecules are pivotal in establishing protective mucosal barriers, serving as defenses against pathogenic assaults. Intriguingly, the aberrant expression of specific MUC proteins, notably Mucin 1 (MUC1) and Mucin 16 (MUC16), within tumor cells, is intimately associated with oncogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. This association involves various mechanisms, including cellular proliferation, viability, apoptosis resistance, chemotherapeutic resilience, metabolic shifts, and immune surveillance evasion. Due to their distinctive biological roles and structural features in oncology, MUC proteins have attracted considerable attention as prospective targets and biomarkers in cancer therapy. The current review offers an exhaustive exploration of the roles of MUC1 and MUC16 in the context of cancer biomarkers, elucidating their critical contributions to the mechanisms of cellular signal transduction, regulation of immune responses, and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the article evaluates the latest advances in therapeutic strategies targeting these mucins, focusing on innovations in immunotherapies and targeted drugs, aiming to enhance customization and accuracy in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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Rostamirad S, Daneshpour S, Mofid MR, Andalib A, Eskandariyan A, Mousavi S, Yousofi Darani H. Inhibition of mouse colon cancer growth following immunotherapy with a fraction of hydatid cyst fluid. Exp Parasitol 2023; 249:108501. [PMID: 36931383 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydatid cyst is the larval stage of the tape worm Echinococcus granulosus which is located in human and livestock viscera. There are some scientific evidences indicating that parasitic infections induce antitumor activity against certain types of cancers. In this study, the effects of a fraction of hydatid cyst fluid on colon cancer tumor in BALB/c mice were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental work six groups of mice were challenged with mouse colon cancer cells. 5 days later when the sign of tumor growth in mice was seen, group 1-4 were injected with hydatid cyst fluid, the 78 kDa fraction, live protoscolices and BCG respectively. Group five was injected with alum alone and the sixth group left intact without any injection. The size of the tumor was measured and compared in all groups. Then blood samples of mice were evaluated for serum cytokine levels. RESULT In mice injected with hydatid cyst antigens especially a fraction of hydatid cyst fluid, tumor size was smaller than the that of control groups and the difference of tumor size in cases and control groups was statistically significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that injection of mice with a fraction of hydatid cyst fluid significantly inhibits the growth of mouse colon cancer and this inhibition may be related to effect of immune response to these antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Rostamirad
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Shima Daneshpour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Andalib
- Immunology Department, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Eskandariyan
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mousavi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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4
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DelaCourt A, Mehta A. Beyond glyco-proteomics-Understanding the role of genetics in cancer biomarkers. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 157:57-81. [PMID: 36725113 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of robust cancer biomarkers is the most effective way to improve overall survival, as early detection and treatment leads to significantly better clinical outcomes. Many of the cancer biomarkers that have been identified and are clinically utilized are glycoproteins, oftentimes a specific glycoform. Aberrant glycosylation is a common theme in cancer, with dysregulated glycosylation driving tumor initiation and metastasis, and abnormal glycosylation can be detection both on the tissue surface and in serum. However, most cancer types are heterogeneous in regard to tumor genomics, and this heterogeneity extends to cancer glycomics. This limits the sensitivity of standalone glycan-based biomarkers, which has slowed their implementation clinically. However, if targeted biomarker development can take into account genomic tumor information, the development of complementary biomarkers that target unique cancer subgroups can be accomplished. This idea suggests the need for algorithm-based cancer biomarkers, which can utilize multiple biomarkers along with relevant demographic information. This concept has already been established in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma with the GALAD score, and an algorithm-based approach would likely be effective in improving biomarker sensitivity for additional cancer types. In order to increase cancer diagnostic biomarker sensitivity, there must be more targeted biomarker development that considers tumor genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and clinical data while identifying tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew DelaCourt
- Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Anand Mehta
- Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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5
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Dolan JP, Machin DC, Dedola S, Field RA, Webb ME, Turnbull WB. Synthesis of cholera toxin B subunit glycoconjugates using site-specific orthogonal oxime and sortase ligation reactions. Front Chem 2022; 10:958272. [PMID: 36186584 PMCID: PMC9515619 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.958272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemoenzymatic synthesis of a series of dual N- and C-terminal-functionalized cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) glycoconjugates is described. Mucin 1 peptides bearing different levels of Tn antigen glycosylation [MUC1(Tn)] were prepared via solid-phase peptide synthesis. Using sortase-mediated ligation, the MUC1(Tn) epitopes were conjugated to the C-terminus of CTB in a well-defined manner allowing for high-density display of the MUC1(Tn) epitopes. This work explores the challenges of using sortase-mediated ligation in combination with glycopeptides and the practical considerations to obtain high levels of conjugation. Furthermore, we describe methods to combine two orthogonal labeling methodologies, oxime- and sortase-mediated ligation, to expand the biochemical toolkit and produce dual N- and C-terminal-labeled conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Dolan
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre of Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Darren C. Machin
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre of Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert A. Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd., Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Webb
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre of Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - W. Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre of Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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6
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Oruc A, Simsek G. A Pathophysiological Approach To Current Biomarkers. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are necessary for screening and diagnosing numerous diseases,
predicting the prognosis of patients, and following-up treatment and the course of the
patient. Everyday new biomarkers are being used in clinics for these purposes. This
section will discuss the physiological roles of the various current biomarkers in a
healthy person and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the release of these
biomarkers. This chapter aims to gain a new perspective for evaluating and interpreting
the most current biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Oruc
- Department of Physiology,Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonul Simsek
- Department of Physiology,Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa,
Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Boonnate P, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Kariya R, Fujikawa S, Boonmars T, Pinlaor S, Pairojkul C, Okada S. Mucin-producing hamster cholangiocarcinoma cell line, Ham-2, possesses the aggressive cancer phenotypes with liver and lung metastases. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:825-834. [PMID: 34549357 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive bile duct cancer. Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) infection is a significant cause of CCA in the Greater Mekong subregion. Currently, there is no standard chemotherapeutic regimen for CCA. A unique hamster carcinogenesis model of O. viverrini-associated CCA was established. Molecular targets identified from the hamster CCA-comparative model are valuable for target identification and validation. Hamster CCA was induced by the administration of O. viverrini metacercariae and N-nitrosodimethylamine. Hamster-derived cancer cells were isolated and continuously cultured for more than 6 months. Ham-2 cell line was established and characterized in vitro and in vivo. Ham-2 exhibited chromosome hyperploidy. A comparative study with previously established cell line, Ham-1, demonstrated that Ham-2 acquired slower growth, higher adhesion, higher migration, and resistance to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In BALB/c Rag-2/Jak3 double-deficient (BRJ) mice, Ham-2 subcutaneous transplantation formed mucin-producing cancers, which morphologically resemble human tubular cholangiocarcinoma. Intravenous-injected Ham-2 established the metastatic nodules in the lungs and livers of BRJ mice. Altogether, a new hamster cholangiocarcinoma cell line, Ham-2, which acquired more aggressive phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, was established. This cell line might be a valuable tool for comparative drug target identification and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanard Boonnate
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Graduate School of Medicine and Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Graduate School of Medicine and Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Graduate School of Medicine and Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Sawako Fujikawa
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Graduate School of Medicine and Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Graduate School of Medicine and Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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8
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Shakibapour M, Kefayat A, Reza Mofid M, Shojaie B, Mohamadi F, Maryam Sharafi S, Mahmoudzadeh M, Yousofi Darani H. Anti-cancer immunoprotective effects of immunization with hydatid cyst wall antigens in a non-immunogenic and metastatic triple-negative murine mammary carcinoma model. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107955. [PMID: 34247052 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have gained lots of attention as the future of cancer treatment. However, poor immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens often fails to induce an efficient immune response against the tumor. Strange anti-tumor immune responses at the parasite-infected patients due to cross-reactivity have been reported in various studies. Therefore, parasite antigens with significant immunogenicity and high epitope homology with cancer antigens may activate a strong immune response against cancer cells. Herein, the sera of immunized rabbits with the hydatid cyst wall (HCW) antigens were incubated with 4 T1 mammary carcinoma cells to investigate cross-reactivity between the HCW antigens antisera and surface antigens of the breast cancer cells. Also, the SDS-PAGE profile of HCW antigens was prepared and incubated with the breast cancer patients' sera and considerable reactivity was observed between their sera and a specific band (~27/28 kDa) according to Western blotting analyzes. Then, the protein bands with cross-reactivity with breast cancer patients' sera were utilized for prophylactic immunizations of Balb/c mice. The immunoprotective effect of immunization with the HCW antigens caused significant inhibition of 4 T1 breast tumor growth, decrease of metastasis, and enlargement of the tumor-bearing mice survival time in comparison with PBS and pure immune adjuvant injected groups. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the ~ 27/28 kDa band has numbers of proteins/polypeptides with a high degree of homology with cancer cells antigens which can be the reason for this cross-reactivity and anti-tumor immune response. Taking together, immunization with HCW antigens would be a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy after further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Shakibapour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrokh Shojaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mohamadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seydeh Maryam Sharafi
- Environment Research Centre, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Muñoz-Prieto A, Escribano D, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Horvatić A, Guillemin N, Jacobsen S, Cerón JJ, Mrljak V. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) Proteomic Analysis of Saliva in Horses with Acute Abdominal Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051304. [PMID: 33946607 PMCID: PMC8147179 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study shows for the first time the variation of the salivary proteome in horses with acute abdominal disease (AAD) compared with healthy horses through a high-throughput proteomic approach. A total of 118 proteins were identified, and 17 showed significant changes between the two groups. The changes observed in proteins were closely related to an impaired primary immune defense and antimicrobial capacity in the mucosa, and one salivary protein (lactoferrin) was successfully verified. These results may increase the background and knowledge of saliva composition in horses with AAD and further understanding of the physiopathological changes occurring in the organism in this disease. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the salivary proteome in horses with acute abdominal disease (AAD) using a tandem mass tags (TMT)-based proteomic approach. The saliva samples from eight horses with AAD were compared with six healthy horses in the proteomic study. Additionally, saliva samples from eight horses with AAD and eight controls were used to validate lactoferrin (LF) in saliva. The TMT analysis quantified 118 proteins. Of these, 17 differed significantly between horses with AAD and the healthy controls, 11 being downregulated and 6 upregulated. Our results showed the downregulation of gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), latherin isoform X1, and LF. These proteins could be closely related to an impaired primary immune defense and antimicrobial capacity in the mucosa. In addition, there was an upregulation of mucin 19 (MUC19) and the serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) associated with a protective effect during inflammation. The proteins identified in our study could have the potential to be novel biomarkers for diagnosis or monitoring the physiopathology of the disease, especially LF, which decreased in the saliva of horses with AAD and was successfully measured using a commercially available immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.-P.); (N.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.E.); (M.D.C.-A.)
| | - María Dolores Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.E.); (M.D.C.-A.)
| | - Anita Horvatić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nicolas Guillemin
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.-P.); (N.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary School of Medicine, Sektion Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 5, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark;
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.E.); (M.D.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.-P.); (N.G.); (V.M.)
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10
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Carrasco C, Tittarelli A, Paillaleve N, Pozo MD, Rojas-Sepúlveda D, Barría O, Fluxá P, Hott M, Martin C, Quezada C, Salazar-Onfray F. The Evaluation of 17 Gastrointestinal Tumor Markers Reveals Prognosis Value for MUC6, CK17, and CD10 in Gallbladder-Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020153. [PMID: 33494186 PMCID: PMC7909765 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive and highly lethal disease with relatively low global incidence, but one that constitutes a major health problem in Asian and Latin American countries, particularly in Chile. The identification of new tumor-associated markers with potential prognosis value is required for GBC clinical practice. Using immunohistochemistry/tumor tissue microarray, we evaluated the expression of 17 gastrointestinal tumor-associated protein markers (CK7, CK17, CK19, CK20, CKLMW, CKHMW, MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, CA125, CD10, CEA, vimentin, villin, claudin-4, and CDX2) in primary gallbladder adenocarcinomas from 180 Chilean patients and analyzed potential associations with their pathological and clinical characteristics. Younger female patients with well- to moderately differentiated tumors had a better prognosis than that of older female or male patients with tumors with a similar tumor differentiation grade. Among all analyzed markers, MUC6 expression was associated with better prognosis in patients with well- to moderately differentiated tumors, whereas CK17 or CD10 was associated with worse prognosis in patients with poorly differentiated tumors. In addition, the MUC6+CK17– expression pattern was strongly associated with better prognosis in patients with well- to moderately differentiated tumors, whereas patients with poorly differentiated tumors and with the CK17+CD10+ expression pattern showed worse prognosis. Our results suggest that tumor MUC6, CK17, and CD10 can be considered as potential prognosis markers for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Carrasco
- Subdepartamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (N.P.); (M.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (F.S.-O.); Tel.: +56-63-2263301 (C.C.); +56-2-29786345 (F.S.-O.)
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940577, Chile;
| | - Natalia Paillaleve
- Subdepartamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (N.P.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Maeva Del Pozo
- Subdepartamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (N.P.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Daniel Rojas-Sepúlveda
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (D.R.-S.); (O.B.); (C.Q.)
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Omar Barría
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (D.R.-S.); (O.B.); (C.Q.)
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Paula Fluxá
- Departamento de Cirugía Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile;
| | - Melissa Hott
- Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública, Santiago 7780050, Chile;
| | - Carolina Martin
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt 5500000, Chile;
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (D.R.-S.); (O.B.); (C.Q.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (D.R.-S.); (O.B.); (C.Q.)
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (F.S.-O.); Tel.: +56-63-2263301 (C.C.); +56-2-29786345 (F.S.-O.)
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11
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Zhang Y, Dong X, Bai L, Shang X, Zeng Y. MUC1-induced immunosuppression in colon cancer can be reversed by blocking the PD1/PDL1 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:317. [PMID: 33133253 PMCID: PMC7590440 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin1 (MUC1) upregulation in colon cancer has been linked to poor patient outcomes and advanced stage at diagnosis. This is partially due to MUC1-mediated inhibition of T-cell proliferation affecting efficient lysis by cytotoxic lymphocytes, which contributes to escape from immune surveillance. In the present study, human colorectal cancer tissues were collected, and MUC1-positive and MUC1-negative colon cancer mouse models were prepared; subsequently, the number and function of immune cells in tumor tissues were measured using flow cytometry. The present study revealed that MUC1, as a tumor-associated antigen, can recruit more tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into the tumor microenvironment compared with MUC1-negative colon cancer, but that these cells could not serve antitumor roles. Conversely, the present study demonstrated that MUC1-positive colon cancer attracted more regulatory T cells (Treg cells), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to the tumor site than MUC1-negative colon cancer. Furthermore, the data suggested that programmed death protein 1 (PD1)-programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) expression is greater in MUC1-positive colon cancer. Blocking the PD1-PDL1 signaling pathway reduced the percentage of Treg cells, MDSCs and TAMs in the tumor microenvironment, enhanced T-cell cytotoxicity and inhibited tumor growth, prolonging the survival time of MUC1-positive tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the present study elucidated the role of MUC1 in tumor immune escape and provides a foundation for the application of PDL1 inhibitors to MUC1-positive colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqian Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Liping Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Shang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Yujian Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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12
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Moll SA, Wiertz IA, Vorselaars AD, Zanen P, Ruven HJ, van Moorsel CH, Grutters JC. Serum biomarker CA 15-3 as predictor of response to antifibrotic treatment and survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Biomark Med 2020; 14:997-1007. [PMID: 32940077 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is a baseline biomarker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but its value during follow-up is unknown. Materials and methods: Associations between serum CA 15-3 and pulmonary function tests during 1-year follow-up were evaluated by a mixed model in 132 IPF treated with pirfenidone or nintedanib. Results: Increased baseline (median: 56 kU/l) and follow-up CA 15-3 levels were inversely associated with forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (estimates respectively: -5.21 and -4.69; p < 0.001). Baseline and 6-month CA 15-3 above 58.5 (hazard ratio: 1.67; p = 0.031) and 50.5 kU/l (hazard ratio: 2.99; p < 0.001), respectively, showed impaired survival compared with lower levels. Conclusion: CA 15-3 is associated with pulmonary function test during follow-up in IPF on antifibrotic treatment. Higher (follow-up) values are related with poor survival. Therefore, CA 15-3 is a promising follow-up biomarker in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A Moll
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1 3435 CW, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo A Wiertz
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1 3435 CW, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Adriane Dm Vorselaars
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1 3435 CW, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Zanen
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1 3435 CW, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Jt Ruven
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1 3435 CW, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Coline Hm van Moorsel
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1 3435 CW, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Grutters
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1 3435 CW, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Fan K, Wang J, Sun W, Shen S, Ni X, Gong Z, Zheng B, Gao Z, Ni X, Suo T, Liu H, Liu H. MUC16 C-terminal binding with ALDOC disrupts the ability of ALDOC to sense glucose and promotes gallbladder carcinoma growth. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112118. [PMID: 32502493 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The MUC16 C-terminal (MUC16c) level is associated with tumor serum CA-125 levels, however, the roles remain unclear in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). In this study, we found that MUC16c promoted glucose uptake and glycolysis for GBC cell proliferation. Mass spectrometry analysis suggested that MUC16c could combine with aldolase. The ALDOC mRNA and protein are overexpressed in GBC tumors. The IHC results also showed the consistent up-regulation of. ALDOC and MUC16c level in GBC tumor tissues than in peritumor tissues. We determined that MUC16c combining with ALDOC promoted ALDOC protein stability and disrupted the ability of ALDOC sensing glucose deficiency, which activated AMPK pathway and increased GBC cell proliferation. ALDOC knockdown significantly inhibited the glucose uptake and glycolysis induced by MUC16c. Our study established important roles of MUC16c promoting GBC cell glycolysis and proliferation and revealed the underlying mechanism of CA-125-related heavy tumor metabolic burden in GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Suo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Rehman S, Grigoryeva LS, Richardson KH, Corsini P, White RC, Shaw R, Portlock TJ, Dorgan B, Zanjani ZS, Fornili A, Cianciotto NP, Garnett JA. Structure and functional analysis of the Legionella pneumophila chitinase ChiA reveals a novel mechanism of metal-dependent mucin degradation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008342. [PMID: 32365117 PMCID: PMC7224574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are important enzymes that contribute to the generation of carbon and nitrogen from chitin, a long chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine that is abundant in insects, fungi, invertebrates and fish. Although mammals do not produce chitin, chitinases have been identified in bacteria that are key virulence factors in severe respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary diseases. However, it is unclear how these enzymes are able to carry out this dual function. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, an often-fatal pneumonia and its chitinase ChiA is essential for the survival of L. pneumophila in the lung. Here we report the first atomic resolution insight into the pathogenic mechanism of a bacterial chitinase. We derive an experimental model of intact ChiA and show how its N-terminal region targets ChiA to the bacterial surface after its secretion. We provide the first evidence that L. pneumophila can bind mucins on its surface, but this is not dependent on ChiA. This demonstrates that additional peripheral mucin binding proteins are also expressed in L. pneumophila. We also show that the ChiA C-terminal chitinase domain has novel Zn2+-dependent peptidase activity against mammalian mucin-like proteins, namely MUC5AC and the C1-esterase inhibitor, and that ChiA promotes bacterial penetration of mucin gels. Our findings suggest that ChiA can facilitate passage of L. pneumophila through the alveolar mucosa, can modulate the host complement system and that ChiA may be a promising target for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rehman
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lubov S. Grigoryeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Katherine H. Richardson
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Corsini
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rosie Shaw
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theo J. Portlock
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Dorgan
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zeinab S. Zanjani
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arianna Fornili
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. Cianciotto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - James A. Garnett
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Kim RD, Azad NS, Morse MA, Poplin E, Mahipal A, Tan B, Mavroukakis SA, Fantini M, Tsang KY, Zaki A, Torrealba J, Arlen PM, Beg MS. Phase II Study of Ensituximab, a Novel Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody, in Adults with Unresectable, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3557-3564. [PMID: 32303539 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to chemotherapy have limited treatment options. Ensituximab (NEO-102) is a novel chimeric mAb targeting a variant of MUC5AC with specificity to colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Single-arm, phase II trial assessed the efficacy and safety of ensituximab in patients with advanced, refractory cancer who expressed MUC5AC antigen in tumor tissue. Ensituximab was administered intravenously every 2 weeks with 3 mg/kg as recommended phase II dose (RP2D). A minimum sample size of 43 patients was required on the basis of the assumption that ensituximab would improve median overall survival (OS) by 7 months using a one-sided significance level of 10% and 80% power. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. RESULTS Sixty-three patients with advanced, refractory colorectal cancer were enrolled and 53 subjects were treated in phase II arm. Median age was 58 years and 46% of the patients were female. Among 57 evaluable patients, median OS was 6.8 months. No responses were observed, and stable disease was achieved in 21% of the patients. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AE) at RP2D included fatigue (38%), anemia (30%), nausea (15%), vomiting (11%), increased bilirubin (9%), constipation (8%), decreased appetite (6%), and diarrhea (6%). Serious AEs at least possibly related to ensituximab occurred in 4 patients and included anemia, nausea, increased bilirubin, and hypoxia. No patients discontinued treatment due to drug-related AEs. CONCLUSIONS Ensituximab was well tolerated and demonstrated modest antitumor activity in patients with heavily pretreated refractory colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Kim
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Nilofer S Azad
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael A Morse
- Department of Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Poplin
- Department of Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Benjamin Tan
- Department of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | | | - Anjum Zaki
- Precision Biologics, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jose Torrealba
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Muhammad S Beg
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, Texas
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16
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Hoffmann-Vold AM, Fretheim H, Meier C, Maurer B. Circulating biomarkers of systemic sclerosis - interstitial lung disease. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2020; 5:41-47. [PMID: 35382223 PMCID: PMC8922568 DOI: 10.1177/2397198319894851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease is a frequent organ manifestation in systemic sclerosis and is associated with high mortality. It is crucial to diagnose interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis and to assess severity and identify patients prone to progression at an early stage to ultimately decrease organ damage and improve outcome. Circulating anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies have long been associated with the presence and development of systemic sclerosis - interstitial lung disease, evidence on their potential to further predict the clinical course of systemic sclerosis is however conflicting. C-reactive protein is a marker of infection and systemic inflammation with widespread clinical application and is elevated in systemic sclerosis with a tendency towards higher abundancy in patients with early disease. The role of other circulating biomarkers is promising but hampered by the lack of standardized criteria and guidelines for sample/data collection, analyses, reporting and validation and has not reached prime time for clinical application. However, epithelial markers including Krebs von den Lungen-6 and surfactant protein D and several cytokines and chemokines including CCL2 and CCL18 for severity assessment of systemic sclerosis - interstitial lung disease patients at the time of interstitial lung disease diagnosis and to predict interstitial lung disease progression have been reported and seem to be promising candidate biomarkers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo
University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Fretheim
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo
University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chantal Meier
- Center of Experimental
Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Zurich University Hospital,
Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Britta Maurer
- Center of Experimental
Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Zurich University Hospital,
Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Mohamadi F, Shakibapour M, Sharafi SM, Reza AA, Tolouei S, Darani HY. Anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies attach to mouse cancer cell lines but not normal mouse lymphocytes. Biomed Rep 2019; 10:183-188. [PMID: 30906547 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is prevalent intracellular parasite and a cause of worldwide infection in the human population. An inhibitory effect of this parasite on cancer growth has been demonstrated in cell culture and animal models. To determine whether the anticancer activities of T. gondii are associated with host immune response, in the current study the reactivity of anti-T. gondii antiserum with the surface of cancer cell lines was investigated. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were raised in rabbit and the reaction of this antiserum in comparison with other anti-parasite antisera (anti-T. vaginalis, anti-hydatid cyst fluid, anti-protoscolices antigens) with mouse melanoma or breast cancer cells lines was investigated using flow cytometry. Anti-T. gondii antiserum reacted markedly with the surface of mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells, and less so with the normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. Meanwhile, the other anti-parasite antisera did not react strongly with the surface of cancer cells compared with normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. In summary, it has been demonstrated herein that anti-T. gondii antiserum may selectively react with the surface of mouse cancer cells but not with normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. Therefore, further study on anti-Toxoplasma antibodies may be useful for directing the application of selective drug delivery in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mohamadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shakibapour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Ali Andalib Reza
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Sepideh Tolouei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran.,Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
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18
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Multicellular Human Gastric-Cancer Spheroids Mimic the Glycosylation Phenotype of Gastric Carcinomas. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112815. [PMID: 30380716 PMCID: PMC6278543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular glycosylation plays a pivotal role in several molecular mechanisms controlling cell–cell recognition, communication, and adhesion. Thus, aberrant glycosylation has a major impact on the acquisition of malignant features in the tumor progression of patients. To mimic these in vivo features, an innovative high-throughput 3D spheroid culture methodology has been developed for gastric cancer cells. The assessment of cancer cell spheroids’ physical characteristics, such as size, morphology and solidity, as well as the impact of glycosylation inhibitors on spheroid formation was performed applying automated image analysis. A detailed evaluation of key glycans and glycoproteins displayed by the gastric cancer spheroids and their counterpart cells cultured under conventional 2D conditions was performed. Our results show that, by applying 3D cell culture approaches, the model cell lines represented the differentiation features observed in the original tumors and the cellular glycocalix underwent striking changes, displaying increased expression of cancer-associated glycan antigens and mucin MUC1, ultimately better simulating the glycosylation phenotype of the gastric tumor.
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19
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Hu J, Sun J. MUC16 mutations improve patients' prognosis by enhancing the infiltration and antitumor immunity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the endometrial cancer microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1487914. [PMID: 30288353 PMCID: PMC6169595 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1487914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of endometrial cancer are increasing during recent years. CA125 (gene symbol MUC16) is a well-known diagnostic and prognostic serum marker of endometrial cancer. High serum CA125 level is associated with poor prognosis. MUC16 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in endometrial cancer. However, the potential relationship and underlying mechanism between MUC16 mutations and endometrial cancer patients' prognosis and disease progression remain unclear. In present study, we analyzed the whole exome sequencing data, RNA sequencing data and patients' clinical information in TCGA database and demonstrated that MUC16 mutational status was an independent prognostic factor for endometrial cancer patients. Patients with somatic MUC16 mutations had a prolonged overall survival time. MUC16 mutations promoted patients' antitumor immune responses. Cytotoxic immune cells mediated pathways were enriched in endometrial cancer samples with MUC16 mutations. Elevation of two pathways, NO2-dependent IL 12 pathway in NK cells and T cytotoxic cell surface molecules, significantly correlated with a higher rate of MUC16 mutations and a significantly favorable patients' prognosis. An increased level of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, not NK cells, infiltration was observed in the tumor microenvironment of patients with MUC16 mutations. High expression of molecular markers of T cells and CD8+ T cells associated with a higher rate of MUC16 mutations and a better patients' prognosis. These findings may provide deeper insight into potential endometrial cancer immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Lim CH, Tseng CW, Lin CT, Huang WN, Chen YH, Chen YM, Chen DY. The clinical application of tumor markers in the screening of malignancies and interstitial lung disease of dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients: A retrospective study. SAGE Open Med 2018; 6:2050312118781895. [PMID: 29977547 PMCID: PMC6024348 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118781895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the clinical utility of tumor markers in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients in Taiwan. Method: Data were collected retrospectively from the database of Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan from 1998 to 2014. Patients who fulfilled Bohan and Peter criteria of dermatomyositis/polymyositis were recruited. Serum level of tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen 125, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 were measured. The occurrence of malignancies and interstitial lung disease was identified. The association of tumor markers with malignancies and interstitial lung disease was examined using Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: Among the enrolled 151 patients, 98 (64.9%) dermatomyositis and 53 (35.1%) polymyositis, a total of 15 malignancies were detected: breast ductal carcinoma (n = 4), bladder transitional cell carcinoma (n = 2), lung adenocarcinoma (n = 2), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 and papillary squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2), colorectal (colon and rectal adenocarcinoma) (n = 2), uterine adenocarcinoma (n = 1), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 1) and hematological malignancy (myelodysplastic with excess blast cells) (n = 1). Among the patients with malignancies, 13 (86.7%) had dermatomyositis, 2 (13.3%) polymyositis and 3 (20%) interstitial lung disease. The mean duration from dermatomyositis/polymyositis diagnosis to the occurrence of malignancies was 6.05 ± 5.69 years. There was no significant association of raised tumor markers with the occurrence of malignancies (p > 0.085), while a significant association was observed between the elevated levels of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 and the presence of interstitial lung disease (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Tumor markers were not useful in malignancy screening or dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients in this tertiary center. The evaluation of the occurrence of malignancy in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patient should include a multidimensional approach. A raised level of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 may be a potential indicator of the presence of interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hong Lim
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Malaysia.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tseng
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tsai Lin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Nan Huang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Immuno-therapeutic potential of Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis antigens in a murine model of colon cancer. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:47-56. [PMID: 29808307 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates a negative correlation between the prevalence of some parasitic infections and cancer and their interference with tumor growth. Therefore, parasitic antigens seem to be promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of autoclaved Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis antigens against a colon cancer murine model was investigated. Both antigens showed immunomodulatory potential, as evidenced by a significant decrease in serum IL-17, a significant increase in serum IL-10, and the percentage of splenic CD4+T-cells and intestinal FoxP3+ Treg cells. However, treatment with S. mansoni antigen yielded protection against the deleterious effect of DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis only, with a significant decrease in the average lesion size and number of neoplasias per mouse. For the first time, we report an inhibitory effect of S. mansoni antigen on the progression of chemically induced colon carcinogenesis, but the exact mechanism has yet to be clarified. This anti-tumor strategy could introduce a new era of medicine in which a generation of anticancer vaccines of parasitic origin would boost the therapy for incurable cancers.
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22
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El-Abd E, El-Sheikh M, Zaky S, Fayed W, El-Zoghby S. Plasma TuM2-PK correlates with tumor size, CRP and CA 15-3 in metastatic breast carcinomas; short versus long term follow up study of the Egyptian breast cancer patients. Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:123-133. [PMID: 28869444 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key regulator of tumor metabolome is the glycolytic isoenzyme M2-PK which favors the generation of nucleic acid via glutaminolysis as hypoxic adaptive mechanism in the tumor cells. AIM The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of M2-PK, CRP, and CA 15-3 in preoperative and metastatic breast carcinomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 70 females; 15 controls, 33 preoperative primary breast carcinomas clinically metastasis free, and 22 clinically diagnosed metastatic breast carcinomas. M2-PK and CA 15-3 were detected by ELISA. CRP was quantified using the CRP LATEX kit. RESULTS TuM2-PK significantly increased in metastatic and preoperative groups when compared to controls (p= 0.049, p= 0.001); respectively. Both CRP and CA 15-3 were significantly increased in metastatic than the preoperative group (p= 0.002). CA 15-3 was significantly increased in both groups when compared to controls (p= 0.016; p< 0.001; respectively). TuM2-PK level significantly related to tumor size in metastatic group (p= 0.006) and with menstruation status (p= 0.039), and liver metastasis (p= 0.036) in preoperative group. TuM2-PK significantly correlated with CRP (r= 0.793, p= 0.004), and CA 15-3 (r= 0.568, p= 0.006) in the metastatic group.Metastatic group with TuM2-PK ⩽ 15 U/ml had significantly higher survival rate than those with > 15 U/ml (χ2= 13.841, p< 0.001) within 3.3-4.2 but not after 10-20 years follow up period. Metastasis to bone and lymph nodes significantly increased in the metastatic than the preoperative group (p= 0.002, p= 0.013; respectively). Within 3.3-4.2 years, CA15.3 has the highest prognostic performance in metastatic group while both TuM2-PK and CRP have same specificity. On the other hand, TuM2-PK has the highest prognostic performance in preoperative group. After 20 years follow up period, there was neither significant difference in the performance of the three markers in predicting mortality in metastatic and preoperative groups nor in predicting metastasis in preoperative group. CONCLUSION Current results document for the first time, a cross-talk between TuM2-PK and each of CRP and CA 15-3 in metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman El-Abd
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Molecular Biology Department, Medical Technology Centre, MRI, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Sheikh
- Medical Applied Chemistry, MRI, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sameh Zaky
- Cancer Management and Research, MRI, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wagdy Fayed
- Experimental and Clinical Surgery, MRI, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safinaz El-Zoghby
- Medical Applied Chemistry, MRI, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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23
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Fan K, Yang C, Fan Z, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Cheng H, Jin K, Lu Y, Wang Z, Luo G, Yu X, Liu C. MUC16 C terminal-induced secretion of tumor-derived IL-6 contributes to tumor-associated Treg enrichment in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:167-175. [PMID: 29337110 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal tumor. CA125 (gene symbol MUC16) is an important serum marker for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment. High serum CA125 is related to metabolic tumor burden and poor prognosis. The circulating Treg subset is another independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer. Our unpublished data indicated that the circulating Treg proportion might be related to the serum CA125 level. However, the potential relationship and underlying mechanism of MUC16 and Treg in pancreatic cancer tissues remain unclear. In this study, we found that pancreatic cancer tissues were positive for both MUC16 C terminal (MUC16c) and Foxp3 expression and that their expression was correlated. MUC16c released into the cytoplasm via EGF induction significantly increased IL-6 expression and secretion. The PI3K/AKT pathway may participate in the regulation of IL-6 expression and secretion. By treating CD4+ T cells with IL-6 or co-culturing the cells with pancreatic cancer cells, tumor-derived IL-6 was identified to promote Foxp3 expression and Treg differentiation, which was significantly inhibited by the JAK2 inhibitor AG-490. In sum, our study demonstrated that the relationship between the MUC16c level and Foxp3 expression in the local tumor environment was consistent with that of the serum CA125 level and circulating Treg proportion in the systemic environment. MUC16c promoted Foxp3 expression and tumor-associated Treg enrichment in tumor tissues through tumor-secreted IL-6 activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. These findings may provide deeper insight into potential pancreatic cancer therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhiyao Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhengshi Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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24
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Weidle UH, Dickopf S, Hintermair C, Kollmorgen G, Birzele F, Brinkmann U. The Role of micro RNAs in Breast Cancer Metastasis: Preclinical Validation and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:17-39. [PMID: 29275360 PMCID: PMC5822183 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the approval of several molecular therapies in the last years, breast cancer-associated death ranks as the second highest in women. This is due to metastatic disease, which represents a challenge for treatment. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis is, therefore, of paramount importance. In this review we summarize the role of micro RNAs (miRs) involved in metastasis of breast cancer. We present an overview on metastasis-promoting, -suppressing and context-dependent miRs with both activities. We have categorized the corresponding miRs according to their target classes, interaction with stromal cells or exosomes. The pathways affected by individual miRs are outlined in regard to in vitro properties, activity in metastasis-related in vivo models and clinical significance. Current approaches that may be suitable for therapeutic inhibition or restauration of miR activity are outlined. Finally, we discuss the delivery bottlenecks which present as a major challenge in nucleic acid (miR)-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Dickopf
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Gwendlyn Kollmorgen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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25
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Mall AS, Habte H, Mthembu Y, Peacocke J, de Beer C. Mucus and Mucins: do they have a role in the inhibition of the human immunodeficiency virus? Virol J 2017; 14:192. [PMID: 28985745 PMCID: PMC5639604 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucins are large O-linked glycosylated proteins which give mucus their gel-forming properties. There are indications that mucus and mucins in saliva, breast milk and in the cervical plug inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in an in vitro assay. Crude mucus gels form continuous layers on the epithelial surfaces of the major internal tracts of the body and protect these epithelial surfaces against aggressive luminal factors such as hydrochloric acid and pepsin proteolysis in the stomach lumen, the movement of hard faecal pellets in the colon at high pressure, the effects of shear against the vaginal epithelium during intercourse and the presence of foreign substances in the respiratory airways. Tumour-associated epitopes on mucins make them suitable as immune-targets on malignant epithelial cells, rendering mucins important as diagnostic and prognostic markers for various diseases, even influencing the design of mucin-based vaccines. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV-AIDS in the world. The main points of viral transmission are via the vaginal epithelium during sexual intercourse and mother-to-child transmission during breast-feeding. There have been many studies showing that several body fluids have components that prevent the transmission of HIV-1 from infected to non-infected persons through various forms of contact. Crude saliva and its purified mucins, MUC5B and MUC7, and the purified mucins from breast milk, MUC1 and MUC4 and pregnancy plug cervical mucus (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6), inhibit HIV-1 in an in vitro assay. There are conflicting reports of whether crude breast-milk inhibits HIV-1 in an in vitro assay. However studies with a humanised BLT mouse show that breast-milk does inhibit HIV and that breast-feeding is still advisable even amongst HIV-positive women in under-resourced areas, preferably in conjunction with anti-retroviral treatment. CONCLUSION These findings raise questions of how such a naturally occurring biological substance such as mucus, with remarkable protective properties of epithelial surfaces against aggressive luminal factors in delicate locations, could be used as a tool in the fight against HIV-AIDS, which has reached epidemic proportions in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Suleman Mall
- Division of General Surgery, University of Cape Town and Immune Modulation and Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer- Ingelheim, Danbury, USA
| | - Habtom Habte
- Discipline of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch & Tygerberg Hospital, Parow, South Africa
| | - Yolanda Mthembu
- Division of General Surgery, University of Cape Town and Immune Modulation and Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer- Ingelheim, Danbury, USA
| | - Julia Peacocke
- Division of General Surgery, University of Cape Town and Immune Modulation and Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer- Ingelheim, Danbury, USA
| | - Corena de Beer
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory Cape, 7925 South Africa
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26
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Abstract
Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that employs a variety of statistical, probabilistic and optimization techniques that allows computers to “learn” from past examples and to detect hard-to-discern patterns from large, noisy or complex data sets. This capability is particularly well-suited to medical applications, especially those that depend on complex proteomic and genomic measurements. As a result, machine learning is frequently used in cancer diagnosis and detection. More recently machine learning has been applied to cancer prognosis and prediction. This latter approach is particularly interesting as it is part of a growing trend towards personalized, predictive medicine. In assembling this review we conducted a broad survey of the different types of machine learning methods being used, the types of data being integrated and the performance of these methods in cancer prediction and prognosis. A number of trends are noted, including a growing dependence on protein biomarkers and microarray data, a strong bias towards applications in prostate and breast cancer, and a heavy reliance on “older” technologies such artificial neural networks (ANNs) instead of more recently developed or more easily interpretable machine learning methods. A number of published studies also appear to lack an appropriate level of validation or testing. Among the better designed and validated studies it is clear that machine learning methods can be used to substantially (15–25%) improve the accuracy of predicting cancer susceptibility, recurrence and mortality. At a more fundamental level, it is also evident that machine learning is also helping to improve our basic understanding of cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Cruz
- Departments of Biological Science and Computing Science, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E8
| | - David S. Wishart
- Departments of Biological Science and Computing Science, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E8
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27
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Xu X, Chen W, Leng S, Padilla MT, Saxton B, Hutt J, Tessema M, Kato K, Kim KC, Belinsky SA, Lin Y. Muc1 knockout potentiates murine lung carcinogenesis involving an epiregulin-mediated EGFR activation feedback loop. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:604-614. [PMID: 28472347 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a tumor antigen that is aberrantly overexpressed in various cancers, including lung cancer. Our previous in vitro studies showed that MUC1 facilitates carcinogen-induced EGFR activation and transformation in human lung bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), which along with other reports suggests an oncogenic property for MUC1 in lung cancer. However, direct evidence for the role of MUC1 in lung carcinogenesis is lacking. In this study, we used the 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced A/J mouse lung tumor model to investigate the effect of whole-body Muc1 knockout (KO) on carcinogen-induced lung carcinogenesis. Surprisingly, lung tumor multiplicity was significantly increased in Muc1 KO compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The EGFR/AKT pathway was unexpectedly activated, and expression of the EGFR ligand epiregulin (EREG) was increased in the lung tissues of the Muc1 KO compared to the WT mice. EREG stimulated proliferation and protected against cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cytotoxicity in in vitro cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. Additionally, we determined that MUC1 was expressed in human fibroblast cell lines where it suppressed CSE-induced EREG production. Further, suppression of MUC1 cellular activity with GO-201 enhanced EREG production in lung cancer cells, which in turn protected cancer cells from GO-201-induced cell death. Moreover, an inverse association between MUC1 and EREG was detected in human lung cancer, and EREG expression was inversely associated with patient survival. Together, these results support a promiscuous role of MUC1 in lung cancer development that may be related to cell-type specific functions of MUC1 in the tumor microenvironment, and MUC1 deficiency in fibroblasts and malignant cells results in increased EREG production that activates the EGFR pathway for lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Xu
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Wenshu Chen
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Mabel T Padilla
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Bryanna Saxton
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Julie Hutt
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Mathewos Tessema
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Kosuke Kato
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 86715, USA
| | - Kwang Chul Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 86715, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and
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28
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Gong YF, Zhou QB, Liao YD, Mai C, Chen TJ, Tang YQ, Chen RF. Optimized construction of MUC1-VNTR n DNA vaccine and its anti-pancreatic cancer efficacy. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2198-2206. [PMID: 28454381 PMCID: PMC5403551 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering mucin 1-variable number tandem repeat (MUC1-VNTRn) as a novel target for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy, the present study aimed to screen and identify the pVAX1-MUC1-VNTRn DNA vaccine with the strongest immunogenicity. Following construction of a pVAX1-MUC1-VNTRn plasmid, immature dendritic cells (DCs) were subjected to transfection, and mature DCs were then co-cultured with autologous T-cells. The numbers of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) secreting interferon (IFN)-γ were determined using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and CytoTox® was also used to examine the MUC1-VNTRn-specific Lethal effect of CTLs on Capan2 cells. Additional in vivo experiments in mice were performed to confirm the antitumor effect of the DNA vaccine candidate. The present study successfully constructed the pVAX1-MUC1-VNTRn plasmid, which expresses the target protein in eukaryotic cells. Additionally, upon uptake of the pVAX1-MUC1-VNTRn plasmid, the immature DCs differentiated into mature DCs. The levels of the DC surface molecules cluster of differentiation (CD) 80, CD86, human leukocyte antigen-antigen D related, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-17 and IFN-γ were significantly higher, while the levels of IL-10 and IL-14 were lower, in mature DCs of the stimulated groups compared with the immature DCs of the non-stimulated groups (all P<0.01). In addition, the MUC1-VNTR6 and MUC1-VNTR9 groups, in which DCs were capable of activating autologous T-cells, showed increased IFN-γ-producing T-cells compared with the other groups (strong MUC1-VNTR1, weak VNTR1, VNTR3, VNTR4 and MUC1-cDNA groups; all P<0.001). In addition, the Lethal effect of CTLs on Capan2 cells in these two groups was stronger compared with the other groups (all P<0.001). Furthermore, the induced protective and therapeutic immune responses in mouse experiments showed that the pVAX1-MUC1-VNTR6DNA vaccine likely possessed the strongest immunogenicity, and its ability to inhibit panc02-MUC1 tumor growth was superior to other DNA vaccines (P<0.01). The present study provides compelling evidence that pVAX1-MUC1-VNTRn has the potential to express the target protein in eukaryotic cells, and thatpVAX1-MUC1-VNTR6 was characterized by the strongest Lethal effect in both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Feng Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Bo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Di Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Cong Mai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Jun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Qiang Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Fu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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29
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Pett C, Cai H, Liu J, Palitzsch B, Schorlemer M, Hartmann S, Stergiou N, Lu M, Kunz H, Schmitt E, Westerlind U. Microarray Analysis of Antibodies Induced with Synthetic Antitumor Vaccines: Specificity against Diverse Mucin Core Structures. Chemistry 2017; 23:3875-3884. [PMID: 27957769 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein research is pivotal for vaccine development and biomarker discovery. Many successful methodologies for reliably increasing the antigenicity toward tumor-associated glycopeptide structures have been reported. Deeper insights into the quality and specificity of the raised polyclonal, humoral reactions are often not addressed, despite the fact that an immunological memory, which produces antibodies with cross-reactivity to epitopes exposed on healthy cells, may cause autoimmune diseases. In the current work, three MUC1 antitumor vaccine candidates conjugated with different immune stimulants are evaluated immunologically. For assessment of the influence of the immune stimulant on antibody recognition, a comprehensive library of mucin 1 glycopeptides (>100 entries) is synthesized and employed in antibody microarray profiling; these range from small tumor-associated glycans (TN , STN , and T-antigen structures) to heavily extended O-glycan core structures (type-1 and type-2 elongated core 1-3 tri-, tetra-, and hexasaccharides) glycosylated in variable density at the five different sites of the MUC1 tandem repeat. This is one of the most extensive glycopeptide libraries ever made through total synthesis. On tumor cells, the core 2 β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-1 (C2GlcNAcT-1) is down-regulated, resulting in lower amounts of the branched core 2 structures, which favor formation of linear core 1 or core 3 structures, and in particular, truncated tumor-associated antigen structures. The core 2 structures are commonly found on healthy cells and the elucidation of antibody cross-reactivity to such epitopes may predict the tumor-selectivity and safety of synthetic vaccines. With the extended mucin core structures in hand, antibody cross-reactivity toward the branched core 2 glycopeptide epitopes is explored. It is observed that the induced antibodies recognize MUC1 peptides with very high glycosylation site specificity. The nature of the antibody response is characteristically different for antibodies directed to glycosylation sites in either the immune-dominant PDTR or the GSTA domain. All antibody sera show high reactivity to the tumor-associated saccharide structures on MUC1. Extensive glycosylation with branched core 2 structures, typically found on healthy cells, abolishes antibody recognition of the antisera and suggests that all vaccine conjugates preferentially induce a tumor-specific humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pett
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V. ISAS-Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hui Cai
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V. ISAS-Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Björn Palitzsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuel Schorlemer
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V. ISAS-Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natascha Stergiou
- University Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Geb. 708, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Horst Kunz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- University Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Geb. 708, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrika Westerlind
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V. ISAS-Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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30
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Sousa AM, Grandgenett PM, David L, Almeida R, Hollingsworth MA, Santos-Silva F. Reflections on MUC1 glycoprotein: the hidden potential of isoforms in carcinogenesis. APMIS 2016; 124:913-924. [PMID: 27538373 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) has been described as the renaissance molecule due to the large set of functions it displays in both normal and neoplastic cells. This membrane-tethered glycoprotein is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in most epithelial cancers, being involved in several processes related with malignant phenotype acquisition. With a highly polymorphic structure, both in the polypeptide and glycan counterparts, MUC1 variability has been associated with susceptibility to several diseases, including cancer. Biochemical features and biological functions have been characterized upon the full-length MUC1 protein, remaining to clarify the real impact on cell dynamics of the plethora of MUC1 isoforms. This review aims to encompass a detailed characterization of MUC1 role in carcinogenesis, highlighting recent findings in cell differentiation and uncovering new evidences of MUC1 isoforms involvement in malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M Sousa
- i3S-Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paul M Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Leonor David
- i3S-Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S-Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe Santos-Silva
- i3S-Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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31
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Machida T, Winssinger N. One-Step Derivatization of Reducing Oligosaccharides for Rapid and Live-Cell-Compatible Chelation-Assisted CuAAC Conjugation. Chembiochem 2016; 17:811-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Machida
- Department of Organic Chemistry; NCCR Chemical Biology; University of Geneva; 30 quai Ernest Ansermet 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry; NCCR Chemical Biology; University of Geneva; 30 quai Ernest Ansermet 1211 Geneva Switzerland
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32
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Li X, Wang X, Tan Z, Chen S, Guan F. Role of Glycans in Cancer Cells Undergoing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2016; 6:33. [PMID: 26925388 PMCID: PMC4756103 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “cancer” refers to a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell–cell adhesion ability, and acquire migratory and invasive properties to gain mesenchymal phenotype, is an important step leading to tumor metastasis. Glycans, such as N-glycans, O-glycans, and glycosphingolipids, are involved in numerous biological processes, including inflammation, virus/bacteria–host interactions, cell–cell interactions, morphogenesis, and cancer development and progression. Aberrant expression of glycans has been observed in several EMT models, and the functional roles of such glycans in cancer development and progression has been investigated. We summarize here recent research progress regarding the functions of glycans in cancer cells undergoing EMT. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying aberrant glycan patterns in EMT and cancer will facilitate the development of such glycans as cancer biomarkers or as targets in design and synthesis of anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Zengqi Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Si Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Feng Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
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33
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Ferretti VA, Segal-Eiras A, Barbeito CG, Croce MV. Temporal and spatial expression of Muc2 and Muc5ac mucins during rat respiratory and digestive tracts development. Res Vet Sci 2016; 104:136-45. [PMID: 26850552 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Secreted mucins constitute a crucial part of the gel that protects respiratory and digestive epithelia, being MUC2/Muc2 the predominant gel-forming mucin of the intestine while MUC5AC/Muc5ac is one of the gel-forming mucins most expressed at the airways. In this study, we have analyzed Muc2 and Muc5ac during rat development by using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR. We demonstrated that rat Muc2 was expressed in fetal intestinal goblet cells of surface epithelium of villi and developing Lieberkühn crypts. In neonates and adults, Muc2 was expressed at luminal goblet cells of small and large intestine and at gastric mucous and glandular cells. Muc5ac protein was observed in embryonic gastric and lung samples; expression increased during development and postnatal and adult life. After birth, a low reaction was detected at the tracheal surface epithelium and glands, which increased in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Ferretti
- Centre of Basic and Applied Immunological Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Segal-Eiras
- Centre of Basic and Applied Immunological Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C G Barbeito
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
| | - M V Croce
- Centre of Basic and Applied Immunological Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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34
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Daneshpour S, Bahadoran M, Hejazi SH, Eskandarian AA, Mahmoudzadeh M, Darani HY. Common antigens between hydatid cyst and cancers. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:9. [PMID: 26962511 PMCID: PMC4770709 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.175242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Different research groups reported a negative correlation between cancers and parasitical infections. As an example, the prevalence of a hydatid cyst among patients with cancer was significantly lower than its prevalence among normal population. Tn antigens exist both in cancer and hydatid cyst. This common antigen may be involved in the effect of parasite on cancer growth. So in this work, common antigens between hydatid cyst and cancers have been investigated. Materials and Methods: Different hydatid cyst antigens including hydatid fluid, laminated and germinal layer antigens, and excretory secretory antigens of protoscolices were run in SDS PAGE and transferred to NCP paper. In western immunoblotting, those antigens were probed with sera of patients with different cancer and also sera of non-cancer patients. Also, cross reaction among excretory secretory products of cancer cells and antisera raised against different hydatid cyst antigen was investigated. Results: In western immunoblotting, antisera raised against laminated and germinal layers of hydatid cyst reacted with excretory secretory products of cancer cells. Also, a reaction was detected between hydatid cyst antigens and sera of patients with some cancers. Conclusion: Results of this work emphasize existence of common antigens between hydatid cyst and cancers. More investigation about these common antigens is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Daneshpour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Bahadoran
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abas Ali Eskandarian
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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35
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Dai L, Trillo-Tinoco J, Cao Y, Bonstaff K, Doyle L, Del Valle L, Whitby D, Parsons C, Reiss K, Zabaleta J, Qin Z. Targeting HGF/c-MET induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis for primary effusion lymphoma. Blood 2015; 126:2821-31. [PMID: 26531163 PMCID: PMC4692142 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-07-658823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a principal causative agent of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) with a poor prognosis in immunocompromised patients. However, it still lacks effective treatment which urgently requires the identification of novel therapeutic targets for PEL. Here, we report that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway is highly activated by KSHV in vitro and in vivo. The selective c-MET inhibitor, PF-2341066, can induce PEL apoptosis through cell cycle arrest and DNA damage, and suppress tumor progression in a xenograft murine model. By using microarray analysis, we identify many novel genes that are potentially controlled by HGF/c-MET within PEL cells. One of the downstream candidates, ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 (RRM2), also displays the promising therapeutic value for PEL treatment. Our findings provide the framework for development of HGF/c-MET-focused therapy and implementation of clinical trials for PEL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA; Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Medicine and
| | - Jimena Trillo-Tinoco
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yueyu Cao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and
| | | | | | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA; Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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36
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Arciniegas E, Carrillo LM, Rojas H, Ramírez R, Reyes O, Suárez A, Ortega F. Mucin1 expression in focal epidermal dysplasia of actinic keratosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:245. [PMID: 26605291 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratoses (AKs) are generally considered as premalignant skin lesions that can progress into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ and invasive SCC. However, its progression to SCC is still matter of debate. A transmembrane glycoprotein that contributes to the progression of certain premalignant and malignant lesions is mucin1 (MUC1). Nevertheless, their functions in the skin lesions are not yet fully clear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to ascertain whether MUC1 is present in the focal epidermal dysplasia of AK. METHODS Fourteen skin biopsies from patients diagnosed with AK were selected. They were classified according to the degree of dysplasia in keratinocyte intraepidermal neoplasia (KIN) I, KIN II, and KIN III. In five biopsies the three degrees were present, in two biopsies both KIN I and KIN II, in four biopsies only KIN I, and in three biopsies only KIN III. The presence of MUC1 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Immunostaining revealed that MUC1 was present over the entire cell surface of only a few atypical basal keratinocytes confined to the lower third of the epidermis (KIN I). While in KIN II where atypical keratinocytes occupy the lower two thirds, MUC1 was localized at the apical surface of some atypical keratinocytes and over the entire cell surface of some of them. Interestingly, in KIN III where the atypical keratinocytes extend throughout the full thickness, MUC1 was localized at the apical surface and over the entire cell surface of many of these cells. Conversely, MUC1 expression was not detected in the epidermis of normal skin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the expression of MUC1 in AK would be induced by alteration of keratinocyte stratification and differentiation and associated to the degree of dysplasia rather than the thickness of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Arciniegas
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Luz Marina Carrillo
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Héctor Rojas
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Richard Ramírez
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Oscar Reyes
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Ambar Suárez
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
| | - Fabiana Ortega
- 1 Instituto de Biomedicina, 2 Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
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Glycosylation-Based Serum Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:490531. [PMID: 26509158 PMCID: PMC4609776 DOI: 10.1155/2015/490531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death in developed countries with approximately 14 million newly diagnosed individuals and over 6 million cancer-related deaths in 2012. Many cancers are discovered at a more advanced stage but better survival rates are correlated with earlier detection. Current clinically approved cancer biomarkers are most effective when applied to patients with widespread cancer. Single biomarkers with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity have not been identified for the most common cancers and some biomarkers are ineffective for the detection of early stage cancers. Thus, novel biomarkers with better diagnostic and prognostic performance are required. Aberrant protein glycosylation is well known hallmark of cancer and represents a promising source of potential biomarkers. Glycoproteins enter circulation from tissues or blood cells through active secretion or leakage and patient serum is an attractive option as a source for biomarkers from a clinical and diagnostic perspective. A plethora of technical approaches have been developed to address the challenges of glycosylation structure detection and determination. This review summarises currently utilised glycoprotein biomarkers and novel glycosylation-based biomarkers from the serum glycoproteome under investigation as cancer diagnostics and for monitoring and prognostics and includes details of recent high throughput and other emerging glycoanalytical techniques.
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Abstract
Mucins are a family of secreted and transmembrane glycoproteins characterized by a massive domain of dense O-glycosylation on serine and threonine residues. Mucins are intimately involved in immunity and cancer, yet elucidation of the biological roles of their glycodomains has been complicated by their massive size, domain polymorphisms, and variable glycosylation patterns. Here we developed a synthetic route to a library of compositionally defined, high-molecular weight, dual end-functionalized mucin glycodomain constructs via N-carboxyanhydride polymerization. These glycopolypeptides are the first synthetic analogs to our knowledge to feature the native α-GalNAc linkage to serine with molecular weights similar to native mucins, solving a nearly 50-year synthetic challenge. Physical characterization of the mimics revealed insights into the structure and properties of mucins. The synthetic glycodomains were end-functionalized with an optical probe and a tetrazine moiety, which allowed site-specific bioorthogonal conjugation to an engineered membrane protein on live mammalian cells. This strategy in protein engineering will open avenues to explore the biological roles of cell surface mucins.
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39
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De Luca G, Bosello SL, Berardi G, Rucco M, Canestrari G, Correra M, Mirone L, Forni F, Di Mario C, Danza FM, Pirronti T, Ferraccioli G. Tumour-associated antigens in systemic sclerosis patients with interstitial lung disease: association with lung involvement and cancer risk. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 54:1991-9. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Glycosyltransferases as Markers for Early Tumorigenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:792672. [PMID: 26161413 PMCID: PMC4486746 DOI: 10.1155/2015/792672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Glycosylation is the most frequent posttranslational modification of proteins and lipids influencing inter- and intracellular communication and cell adhesion. Altered glycosylation patterns are characteristically observed in tumour cells. Normal and altered carbohydrate chains are transferred to their acceptor structures via glycosyltransferases. Here, we present the correlation between the presence of three different glycosyltransferases and tumour characteristics. Methods. 235 breast cancer tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically for the glycosyltransferases N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 6 (GALNT6), β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2), and ST6 (α-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-β-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosamine α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GALNac1). Staining was evaluated by light microscopy and was correlated to different tumour characteristics by statistical analysis. Results. We found a statistically significant correlation for the presence of glycosyltransferases and tumour size and grading. Specifically smaller tumours with low grading revealed the highest incidences of glycosyltransferases. Additionally, Her4-expression but not pHer4-expression is correlated with the presence of glycosyltransferases. All other investigated parameters could not uncover any statistically significant reciprocity. Conclusion. Here we show, that glycosyltransferases can identify small tumours with well-differentiated cells; hence, glycosylation patterns could be used as a marker for early tumourigenesis. This assumption is supported by the fact that Her4 is also correlated to glycosylation, whereas the activated form of Her4 does not show such a connection with glycosylation.
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41
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Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Pan W, Chan YS, Yin C, Dan X, Ng TB. Marine lectins and their medicinal applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3755-73. [PMID: 25794876 PMCID: PMC7080081 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms have been extensively explored for the last several decades as potential sources of novel biologically active compounds, and extensive research has been conducted on lectins. Lectins derived from marine organisms are structurally diverse and also differ from those identified from terrestrial organisms. Marine lectins appear to be particularly useful in some biological applications. They seem to induce negligible immunogenicity because they have a relatively small size, are more stable due to extensive disulfide bridge formation, and have high specificity for complex glyco-conjugates and carbohydrates instead of simple sugars. It is clear that many of them have not yet been extensively studied when compared with their terrestrial counterparts. Marine lectins can be used to design and develop new potentially useful therapeutic agents. This review encompasses recent research on the isolation and identification of marine lectins with potential value in medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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42
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Nagashio R, Ueda J, Ryuge S, Nakashima H, Jiang SX, Kobayashi M, Yanagita K, Katono K, Satoh Y, Masuda N, Murakumo Y, Hachimura K, Sato Y. Diagnostic and prognostic significances of MUC5B and TTF-1 expressions in resected non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8649. [PMID: 25733373 PMCID: PMC4346793 DOI: 10.1038/srep08649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationships between the expression of MUC5B and clinicopathological parameters, the expression of MUC5B was immunohistochemically studied. MUC5B expression was observed in 129 of 198 (65.2%) adenocarcinomas and in 4 of 49 (8.2%) squamous cell carcinomas (P < 0.00001). MUC5B expression was significantly associated with poorer differentiation (P = 0.0303), higher pathological TNM stage (p = 0.0153) and poorer prognosis of adenocarcinoma patients (P = 0.0017). Multivariable analysis with Cox proportional hazards models confirmed that MUC5B expression increased the hazard of death after adjusting for other clinicopathological factors (HR = 2.66; 95%CI, 1.26–5.61). We also immunohistochemically evaluated TTF-1 expression and found that the combination of MUC5B with TTF-1 is a useful marker for adenocarcinomas. The diagnostic accuracies of TTF-1 and MUC5B for adenocarcinoma were 83.8% and 70.4%, respectively. The accuracy increased to 94.3% when the two factors were combined. In survival analysis, the MUC5B(High)/TTF-1(−) group was significantly associated with a poorer outcome compared with the MUC5B(Low)/TTF-1(+) group (p < 0.0001). The present study suggested that the combination of MUC5B and TTF-1 expression is useful for discriminating adenocarcinomas from squamous cell carcinomas, yielding prognostic significance in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagashio
- 1] Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan [2] Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junpei Ueda
- Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ryuge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakashima
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shi-Xu Jiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Yanagita
- Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Katono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Satoh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hachimura
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- 1] Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan [2] Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Chookami MB, Sharafi SM, Sefiddashti RR, Jafari R, Bahadoran M, Pestechian N, Yousofi Darani H. Effect of two hydatid cyst antigens on the growth of melanoma cancer in C57/black mice. J Parasit Dis 2015; 40:1170-1173. [PMID: 27876908 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatid cyst is the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. In previous studies inhibitory effect of this parasite on cancer cell growth in culture medium has been shown. In this study effect of hydatid cyst antigens on tumor growth in experimental animals has been investigated. Two antigens of hydatid cyst including protoscolices excretory secretory antigen and hydatid fluid absorbed on alum as adjuvant were injected to two groups of C57/black mice as case groups. Control groups were injected with only saline and alum. All mice then were injected with melanoma cells. Both antigens reduced the tumor size in mice in case groups. The difference of tumor size in mice in case groups and control group was statistically significant. In conclusion, anti-tumor effect of hydatid cyst antigens may be related to antigenic similarities which exist between hydatid cyst and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Badri Chookami
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Rasool Jafari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Bahadoran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nader Pestechian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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44
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Corfield AP. Mucins: A biologically relevant glycan barrier in mucosal protection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:236-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lim D, Brimble MA, Kowalczyk R, Watson AJA, Fairbanks AJ. Protecting-Group-Free One-Pot Synthesis of Glycoconjugates Directly from Reducing Sugars. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lim D, Brimble MA, Kowalczyk R, Watson AJA, Fairbanks AJ. Protecting-group-free one-pot synthesis of glycoconjugates directly from reducing sugars. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11907-11. [PMID: 25199905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of sugars into glycomimetics typically involves multiple protecting-group manipulations. The development of methodology allowing the direct aqueous conversion of free sugars into glycosides, and mimics of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in a high-yielding and stereoselective process is highly desirable. The combined use of 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate and the Cu-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition allowed the synthesis of a range of glycoconjugates in a one-step reaction directly from reducing sugars under aqueous conditions. The reaction, which is completely stereoselective, may be applied to the convergent synthesis of triazole-linked glycosides, oligosaccharides, and glycopeptides. The procedure provides a method for the one-pot aqueous ligation of oligosaccharides and peptides bearing alkyne side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140 (New Zealand)
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Xu X, Wells A, Padilla MT, Kato K, Kim KC, Lin Y. A signaling pathway consisting of miR-551b, catalase and MUC1 contributes to acquired apoptosis resistance and chemoresistance. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2457-66. [PMID: 25085901 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired chemoresistance is a major challenge in cancer therapy. While the oncoprotein Mucin-1 (MUC1) performs multiple roles in the development of diverse human tumors, whether MUC1 is involved in acquired chemoresistance has not been determined. Using an acquired chemoresistance lung cancer cell model, we show that MUC1 expression was substantially increased in cells with acquired apoptosis resistance (AR). Knockdown of MUC1 expression effectively increased the sensitivity of these cells to the apoptotic cytotoxicity of anticancer therapeutics, suggesting that MUC1 contributes to acquired chemoresistance. Decreased catalase expression and increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were found to be associated with MUC1 overexpression. Scavenging ROS with butylated hydroxyanisole or supplying exogenous catalase dramatically suppressed MUC1 expression through destabilizing MUC1 protein, suggesting that reduced catalase expression mediated ROS accumulation is accounted for MUC1 overexpression. Further, we found that increased miR-551b expression in the AR cells inhibited the expression of catalase and potentiated ROS accumulation and MUC1 expression. Finally, by manipulating MUC1 expression, we found that MUC1 promotes EGFR-mediated activation of the cell survival cascade involving Akt/c-FLIP/COX-2 in order to protect cancer cells from responding to anticancer agents. Thus, our results establish a pathway consisting of miR-551b/catalase/ROS that results in MUC1 overexpression, and intervention against this pathway could be exploited to overcome acquired chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Xu
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Alexandria Wells
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mabel T Padilla
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kosuke Kato
- Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kwang Chul Kim
- Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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48
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Mucin 1 (MUC1) signalling contributes to increase the resistance to cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to nickel acetate. Biometals 2014; 27:1149-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Jonckheere N, Skrypek N, Van Seuningen I. Mucins and tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:142-51. [PMID: 24785432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cancer patients not considered eligible for surgical resection frequently benefit from chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with one or combination of cytotoxic or cytostatic drugs. Recent advances in chemotherapy allowed a great number of cancer patients to receive treatment with significant results. Unfortunately, resistance to chemotherapeutic drug treatment is a major challenge for clinicians in the majority of epithelial cancers because it is responsible for the inefficiency of therapies. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous group of large O-glycoproteins that can be either secreted or membrane-bound. Implications of mucins have been described in relation to cancer cell behavior and cell signaling pathways associated with epithelial tumorigenesis. Because of the frequent alteration of the pattern of mucin expression in cancers as well as their structural and functional characteristics, mucins are thought to also be involved in response to therapies. In this report, we review the roles of mucins in chemoresistance and the associated underlying molecular mechanisms (physical barrier, resistance to apoptosis, drug metabolism, cell stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and discuss the therapeutic tools/strategies and/or prognosis biomarkers for personalized chemotherapy that could be proposed from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jonckheere
- Inserm, UMR837, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team #5 "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis", rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Nicolas Skrypek
- Inserm, UMR837, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team #5 "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis", rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Inserm, UMR837, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team #5 "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis", rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
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50
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Freire-de-Lima L. Sweet and sour: the impact of differential glycosylation in cancer cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Front Oncol 2014; 4:59. [PMID: 24724053 PMCID: PMC3971198 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation changes are a feature of disease states. One clear example is cancer cells, which commonly express glycans at atypical levels or with different structural attributes than those found in normal cells. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was initially recognized as an important step for morphogenesis during embryonic development, and is now shown to be one of the key steps promoting tumor metastasis. Cancer cells undergoing EMT are characterized by significant changes in glycosylation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cell-surface glycoconjugates. Current scientific methodology enables all hallmarks of EMT to be monitored in vitro and this experimental model has been extensively used in oncology research during the last 10 years. Several studies have shown that cell-surface carbohydrates attached to proteins through the amino acids, serine, or threonine (O-glycans), are involved in tumor progression and metastasis, however, the impact of O-glycans on EMT is poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a known EMT inducer, has the ability to promote the up-regulation of a site-specific O-glycosylation in the IIICS domain of human oncofetal fibronectin, a major ECM component expressed by cancer cells and embryonic tissues. Armed with the knowledge that cell-surface glycoconjugates play a major role in the maintenance of cell homeostasis and that EMT is closely associated with glycosylation changes, we may benefit from understanding how unusual glycans can govern the molecular pathways associated with cancer progression. This review initially focuses on some well-known changes found in O-glycans expressed by cancer cells, and then discusses how these alterations may modulate the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , RJ, Brazil
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