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Xie G, Chen M, Yang Y, Xie Y, Deng K, Xie L. Comprehensive untargeted lipidomics study of black morel (Morchella sextelata) at different growth stages. Food Chem 2024; 451:139431. [PMID: 38663248 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The black morel (Morchella sextelata) is a valuable edible and medicinal mushroom appreciated worldwide. Here, lipidomic profiles and lipid dynamic changes during the growth of M. sexletata were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 203 lipid molecules, including four categories and fourteen subclasses, were identified in mature fruiting bodies, with triacylglycerol being the most abundant (37.00 %). Fatty acid composition analysis revealed that linoleic acid was the major fatty acid among the free fatty acids, glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. The relative concentration of lipids in M. sextelata changed significantly during its growth, from which 12 and 29 differential lipid molecules were screened out, respectively. Pathway analysis based on these differential lipids showed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was the major pathway involved in the growth of M. sextelata. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the lipids in M. sextelata and will facilitate the development and utilization of M. sextelata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China; Innovation Center of Electronic Information & Traditional Chinese Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Maoyuan Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Yanran Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Yu Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Kejun Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, PR China
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Liu H, Cheng Z, Xie J. Formation of special odors driven by volatile compounds during the growth and maturation in edible fungi ( Phallus impudicus). Food Chem X 2024; 22:101288. [PMID: 38524779 PMCID: PMC10957454 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Composition and content of volatiles, the important factors in flavor formation of edible fungi, are affected by growth process. GC-MS was performed and a total of 102 volatiles were identified in Phallus impudicus. Almost all identified volatile compounds showed an obvious upward trend at four growth period, and reached the maximum at fourth stage (PIII), of which the transition from first stage (ZP) to second stage (PI) achieved a breakthrough for 88 volatile compounds from scratch. The PCA and HCA results showed that the four stages were completely separated and appeared different, among which third stage (PII) and PIII might be the two dramatic change nodes in aroma quality. In addition, the top 50 differential metabolites were screened by OPLS-DA and PLS-DA, and correlation analysis showed that 6-undecyl alcohol, α-terpine-7-al, 2, 4-decenol, and 2-cyano-2-ethyl-butanamide, might co-regulate the flavor formation of Phallus impudicus through synergistic action of other chemical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, PR China
| | - Zhifei Cheng
- Basic Teaching Department, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Guizhou 551499, PR China
| | - Jiao Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, PR China
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3
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Chao S, Song L, Wu G, Sun Y, Chen Y, Lv B. Biocontrol potential of endophytic Bacillus subtilis A9 against rot disease of Morchella esculenta. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1388669. [PMID: 38873148 PMCID: PMC11169702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1388669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Morchella esculenta is a popular edible fungus with high economic and nutritional value. However, the rot disease caused by Lecanicillium aphanocladii, pose a serious threat to the quality and yield of M. esculenta. Biological control is one of the effective ways to control fungal diseases. Methods and results In this study, an effective endophytic B. subtilis A9 for the control of M. esculenta rot disease was screened, and its biocontrol mechanism was studied by transcriptome analysis. In total, 122 strains of endophytic bacteria from M. esculenta, of which the antagonistic effect of Bacillus subtilis A9 on L. aphanocladii G1 reached 72.2% in vitro tests. Biological characteristics and genomic features of B. subtilis A9 were analyzed, and key antibiotic gene clusters were detected. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that B. subtilis A9 affected the mycelium and spores of L. aphanocladii G1. In field experiments, the biological control effect of B. subtilis A9 reached to 62.5%. Furthermore, the transcritome profiling provides evidence of B. subtilis A9 bicontrol at the molecular level. A total of 1,246 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the treatment and control group. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that a large number of DEGs were related to antioxidant activity related. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways were Nitrogen metabolism, Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) signal pathway. Among them, some important genes such as carbonic anhydrase CA (H6S33_007248), catalase CAT (H6S33_001409), tRNA dihydrouridine synthase DusB (H6S33_001297) and NAD(P)-binding protein NAD(P) BP (H6S33_000823) were found. Furthermore, B. subtilis A9 considerably enhanced the M. esculenta activity of Polyphenol oxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Phenylal anineammonia lyase (PAL) and Catalase (CAT). Conclusion This study presents the innovative utilization of B. subtilis A9, for effectively controlling M. esculenta rot disease. This will lay a foundation for biological control in Morchella, which may lead to the improvement of new biocontrol agents for production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform of Agricultural Biosafety Evaluation and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - ShengQian Chao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform of Agricultural Biosafety Evaluation and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - LiLi Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform of Agricultural Biosafety Evaluation and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - GuoGan Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform of Agricultural Biosafety Evaluation and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform of Agricultural Biosafety Evaluation and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - YiFan Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform of Agricultural Biosafety Evaluation and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - BeiBei Lv
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform of Agricultural Biosafety Evaluation and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai, China
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Tian J, Zhang Z, Shang Y, Zheng Y. Extraction, structure and antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides from morels (Morchella spp.): A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130656. [PMID: 38453116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Morels (Morchella spp.), which are cultivated only in a few regions of the world, are edible mushrooms known for their various properties including antioxidation, immune regulation, antiinflammation, and antitumor effects. Polysaccharides from Morchella are principally responsible for its antioxidant activity. This paper reviews the extraction, purification, structural analysis and antioxidant activity of Morchella polysaccharides (MPs), providing updated research progress. Meanwhile, the structural-property relationships of MPs were further discussed. In addition, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, the major factors responsible for the antioxidant activity of MPs were summarized including scavenging free radicals, reduction capacity, inhibitory lipid peroxidation activity, regulating the signal transduction pathway, reducing the production of ROS and NO, etc. Finally, we hope that our research can provide a reference for further research and development of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Tian
- College of Basic Medicine, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, PR China
| | - Yuanhong Shang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, PR China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, PR China
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Deng J, Min J, Zhang Y, You R, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Chen X, Cheng S, Ma X, Zhang S. Preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity assessment of a novel selenized polysaccharide from Morchella sextelata. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131100. [PMID: 38521308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Selenylation modification has been widely developed to improve the biological effects of natural polysaccharides. In this study, a purified new polysaccharide (MSP-4) was isolated from Morchella Sextelata, and selenized into SeMSP-4 using the HNO3-Na2SeO3 method. The selenium (Se) content of SeMSP-4 was 101.81 ± 9.90 mg/kg, and the molecular weight of SeMSP-4 was 1.23 × 105 Da. The FT-IR, XRD and AFM results showed that MSP-4 was successfully combined with the Se element. The structure characters of SeMSP-4 were analyzed by methylation analysis combined with 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. And, the radical scavenging test revealed that SeMSP-4 exhibited higher antioxidant capacities in vitro than MSP-4. The cytotoxicity analysis indicated that SeMSP-4 could dose-dependently inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 and HeLa cells, but did not show a cytotoxic effect on normal cells (HEK293). Furthermore, SeMSP-4 stimulation significantly increased the macrophage viability and enhanced NO production in macrophage cells. This study suggested that SeMSP-4 could be utilized as a potential selenium source with antioxidant, antitumor, and immunostimulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jinying Min
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Rumeng You
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Zuo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yili Hu
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaopeng Zhang
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Zhang Y, Xu Q, Wang Y, Zhang C, Xu S, Luo M, Yang S. Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehd. (jin ji er) polysaccharide regulates the immune function and intestinal microbiota of cyclophosphamide (CTX) induced immunosuppressed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117551. [PMID: 38081398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehd. is a plant widely grown in Yunnan, China, for both medicinal and edible purposes. The "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine" describes its nature as "slightly temperate and sweet". Caragana sinica is usually medicated with whole herbs, the main function is to replenish the kidneys and stop bleeding. Caragana sinica was used in folk medicine in Chuxiong, Yunnan, to treat deficiency colds, fatigue, fever, cough, hypertension, and other diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This article investigates the structural characteristics of Caragana sinica polysaccharide (CSP) and explores its immune-regulatory activity and molecular biological mechanisms in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, as well as its effects on intestinal bacteria. METHODS With the water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation method, Caragana sinica polysaccharide were extracted, obtaining CSP by purification. A variety of methods and techniques have been used to analyze the chemical properties and structural characteristics of CSP. Immunosuppressive mice model was established through intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX) to study the immune-regulatory effects and mechanisms of CSP. RESULTS The data indicated that CSP is a neutral heteropolysaccharide mainly composed of arabinose and galactose. This article uses immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) as the model. The results showed that CSP can promote the immune function of CTX treated immunosuppressed mice and regulate the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. CSP can increase macrophage phagocytosis, NK cell killing activity, and lymphocyte proliferation activity. It can also repair the index and morphological damage of the thymus and spleen. And by binding to the TLR4 receptor, MyD88 was activated and interacted with TRAF6 to promote the transfer of NF-κB into the nucleus. Thereby promoting cytokine release and increasing the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IgA, and IgG in the serum. CSP also effectively alleviated the liver damage caused by CTX through antioxidant activity. Furthermore, CSP can dramatically affect the intestinal microbiota and the body's immunity by boosting the relative presence of Bacteroides and Verrucamicrobiota. CONCLUSIONS Research results indicated that CSP can regulate the immune function of mice, providing a basis for developing CSP as a potential immune modulator and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Qirui Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Yazi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shan Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Manhong Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shuhan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Yin Q, Chen Z, He P, Liu W, Zhang W, Cao X. Allelopathic effects of phenolic acid extracts on Morchella mushrooms, pathogenic fungus, and soil-dominant fungus uncover the mechanism of morel continuous cropping obstacle. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:55. [PMID: 38183440 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The prominent problem of continuous cropping obstacle has been frustrating the morel farming. To deepen the understanding on morel continuous cropping obstacle, the allelopathic effects of phenolic acid extracts from morel continuous cropping soils on growth and development of Morchella sextelata, M. eximia, M. importuna, pathogenic fungus Fusarium sp. and soil-dominant fungus Chaetomium sp. were investigated. These effects were expressed as response index (RI). Under actual content of phenolic acids (6.150 μg/g fresh mixed continuous cropping soil), the mycelial growth of all tested morel strains was inhibited (RI < 0), while the allelopathic effect of control phenolic acids (4.252 μg/g fresh mixed control soil) was between promotion and inhibition, which suggested that the phenolic acid extracts from morel continuous cropping soils may exhibit certain extent of autotoxicity for the existence of morel-specific allelochemicals. In addition, the aggravated pigmentation and reduced occurrence of sclerotium in three Morchella fungi at growth inhibitory concentrations of phenolic acids indicated the induction of morel strain aging. Meanwhile, most concentrations of phenolic acids showed stimulatory effects on sporulation of Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp. (RI > 0), manifesting the enrichment of soil-borne pathogenic fungi and dominance of certain fungal population in soil ecosystem. Collectively, the allelopathic effects of phenolic acid extracts play an instrumental role in morel continuous cropping obstacle. The study will be beneficial for healthy development of morel artificial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Peixin He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Wenye Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiumin Cao
- Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pingdingshan, 467001, China
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8
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Badalyan SM, Gharibyan NG, Iotti M, Zambonelli A. Antimicrobial Activity of Three Italian Strains of Morchella esculenta (Ascomycota). Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:43-55. [PMID: 38421695 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Three genetically identified and morphologically characterized strains (MesAQ2-C, MesAQ6-2 and MesFI2-3) of the culinary-medicinal ascomycete mushroom Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. collected in central-north Italy have been studied for their antifungal and antibacterial activities. The obtained data showed that mycelium of M. esculenta possess variable antimicrobial activity against four test fungi (Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton terrestre, Penicillium griseofulvum), as well as one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) test bacteria potentially pathogenic for humans and animals. Up to 20.4% of inhibition of the average mycelial growth rate (GRavr) of test fungi in dual culture experiment was detected. The samples of cultural liquid (CL) and mycelial extract (ME) obtained by static cultivation of M. esculenta strains showed up to 13.9 and 23.0% of GRavr inhibition of test fungi, respectively. Similarly, the inhibition of the bacterial colonies by CL and ME samples was 34.1 and 32.3%, respectively in comparison with the control with streptomycin indicating almost equal secretion of both intra- and extracellular antimicrobial compounds by M. esculenta mycelium. As a producer of antimicrobial compounds among tested M. esculenta strains, MesAQ2-C was the most effective. It may be considered for further myco-pharmacological research to develop mushroom-based antimicrobial biotech products with biomedical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna M Badalyan
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian St., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Narine G Gharibyan
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mirco Iotti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Zhang Y, Li X, Zhao Z, E H, Fan T, Dong H, He X, Zhao X, Tang L, Zhou C. Comprehensive investigation on non-volatile and volatile flavor compounds in the Morchella sextelata and Morchella importuna by UPLC-MS/MS and GC × GC-TOF-MS. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100961. [PMID: 38144828 PMCID: PMC10740039 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Morchella sextelata and Morchella importuna are the main cultivars of morel. However, the key compounds affecting their flavors (taste and odor) are currently unknown. Here, an ultra performance tandem mass spectrometry combined with two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was used to detect and relatively quantify the metabolites in both morel cultivars. A total of 631 non-volatile compounds and 242 volatile compounds were identified. The odor activity value was calculated to assess the contribution of key odor volatile. The results indicated that M. importuna had a sweeter flavor than M. sextelata. The former posed more prominent mushroom flavor than the latter based on the correlation analysis of the metabolites. The flavor differences of the two morel cultivars are highly relevant with the content of lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids and derivatives, alcohols and ketones. This study provides new insights into the theoretical basis for the flavor differences in both morel cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiaobei Li
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hengchao E
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiangwei He
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Lihua Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, National Engineering Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Changyan Zhou
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
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Dong W, Chen B, Zhang R, Dai H, Han J, Lu Y, Zhao Q, Liu X, Liu H, Sun J. Identification and Characterization of Peptaibols as the Causing Agents of Pseudodiploöspora longispora Infecting the Edible Mushroom Morchella. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18385-18394. [PMID: 37888752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Pseudodiploöspora longispora (previously known as Diploöspora longispora) is a pathogenic fungus of Morchella mushrooms. The molecular mechanism underlying the infection of P. longispora in fruiting bodies remains unknown. In this study, three known peptaibols, alamethicin F-50, polysporin B, and septocylindrin B (1-3), and a new analogue, longisporin A (4), were detected and identified in the culture of P. longispora and the fruiting bodies of M. sextelata infected by P. longispora. The primary amino sequence of longisporin A is defined as Ac-Aib1-Pro2-Aib3-Ala4-Aib5-Aib6-Gln7-Aib8-Val9-Aib10-Glu11-Leu12-Aib13-Pro14-Val15-Aib16-Aib17-Gln18-Gln19-Phaol20. The peptaibols 1-4 greatly suppressed the mycelial growth of M. sextelata. In addition, treatment with alamethicin F-50 produced damage on the cell wall and membrane of M. sextelata. Compounds 1-4 also exhibited inhibitory activities against human pathogens including Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and plant pathogen Verticillium dahlia. Herein, peptaibols are confirmed as virulence factors involved in the invasion of P. longispora on Morchella, providing insights into the interaction between pathogenic P. longispora and mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baosong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongzhong Lu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang550003 ,China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingzu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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11
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Zhang C, Shi X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Wang W. Integration of Metabolomes and Transcriptomes Provides Insights into Morphogenesis and Maturation in Morchella sextelata. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1143. [PMID: 38132744 PMCID: PMC10744280 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
True morels (Morchella, Pezizales) are a popular edible and medicinal fungus with great nutritional and economic value. The dynamics and regulatory mechanisms during the morphogenesis and maturation of morels are poorly understood. In this study, the metabolomes and transcriptomes of the mycelium (MY), primordium differentiation (PR), young fruiting body (YFB), and mature fruiting body (MFB) were comprehensively analyzed to reveal the mechanism of the morphogenesis and maturation of Morchella sextelata. A total of 748 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 5342 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, mainly enriched in the carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism pathways, with the transition from the mycelium to the primordium being the most drastic stage at both the metabolic and transcriptional levels. The integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics highlighted significant correlations between the DEMs and DEGs, and specific amino acid and nucleotide metabolic pathways were significantly co-enriched, which may play key roles in morphological development and ascocarp maturation. A conceptual model of transcriptional and metabolic regulation was proposed during morphogenesis and maturation in M. sextelata for the first time, in which environmental factors activate the regulation of transcription factors, which then promote metabolic and transcriptional regulation from vegetative to reproductive growth. These results provide insights into the metabolic dynamics and transcriptional regulation during the morphogenesis and maturation of morels and valuable resources for future breeding enhancement and sustainable artificial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (C.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Jiexiong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (C.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yesheng Zhang
- Shandong Junsheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252400, China;
| | - Wei Liu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (C.Z.); (J.Z.)
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12
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Zhu X, Ma K, Sun M, Zhang J, Liu L, Niu S. Isolation and identification of pathogens of Morchella sextelata bacterial disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1231353. [PMID: 38029130 PMCID: PMC10657878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1231353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Morel mushroom (Morchella spp.) is a rare edible and medicinal fungus distributed worldwide. It is highly desired by the majority of consumers. Bacterial diseases have been commonly observed during artificial cultivation of Morchella sextelata. Bacterial pathogens spread rapidly and cause a wide range of infections, severely affecting the yield and quality of M. sextelata. In this study, two strains of bacterial pathogens, named M-B and M-5, were isolated, cultured, and purified from the tissues of the infected M. sextelata. Koch's postulates were used to determine the pathogenicity of bacteria affecting M. sextelata, and the pathogens were identified through morphological observation, physiological and biochemical analyses, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Subsequently, the effect of temperature on the growth of pathogenic bacteria, the inhibitory effect of the bacteria on M. sextelata on plates, and the changes in mycelial morphology of M. sextelata mycelium were analyzed when M. sextelata mycelium was double-cultured with pathogenic bacteria on plates. The results revealed that M-B was Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens and M-5 was Bacillus subtilis. Strain M-B started to multiply at 10-15°C, and strain M-5 started at 15-20°C. On the plates, the pathogenic bacteria also produced significant inhibition of M. sextelata mycelium, and the observation of mycelial morphology under the scanning electron microscopy revealed that the inhibited mycelium underwent obvious drying and crumpling, and the healthy mycelium were more plump. Thus, this study clarified the pathogens, optimal growth environment, and characteristics of M. sextelata bacterial diseases, thereby providing valuable basic data for the disease prevention and control of Morchella production.
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Hassan M, Shahzadi S, Ransom RF, Kloczkowski A. Nature's Own Pharmacy: Mushroom-Based Chemical Scaffolds and Their Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15596. [PMID: 37958579 PMCID: PMC10647524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are new potential sources of valuable medicines, long neglected because of difficulties experienced in their cultivation. There is a large variety of medicinal mushrooms which possess significant therapeutic properties and are used as medications for various diseases because they contain several novel highly bioactive components. Medicinal mushrooms can be identified based on their morphology, size, mass, and the color of the stalk, cap and spore, and attachment to the stalk. Medicinal mushrooms possess a variety of important biological activities and are used as antioxidants, hepatoprotectors, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial agents, among others. This review provides a basic overview of the chemical scaffolds present in mushrooms and their therapeutic implications in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (M.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (M.H.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (M.H.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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14
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Li X, Zhang Y, Hengchao E, He X, Li J, Zhao X, Zhou C. Characteristic fingerprints and comparison of volatile flavor compounds in Morchella sextelata under different drying methods. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113103. [PMID: 37689871 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Morchella sextelata is a precious and popular commercial edible fungus that was developed recently in China. This research aimed to characterize the volatile profiles of M. sextelata under three dehydration methods (freeze, hot air, and natural air drying). Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-ToF-MS) was shown to the best choice to discriminate the volatile profiles of M. sextelata Characteristic flavor substances of M. sextelata were eight-carbon-containing (C8) compounds, hexanal, 2(5 h)-furanone, and benzaldehyde. Drying methods had significant influences on the volatile flavor profiles of M. sextelata, and 104 differential compounds were screened by multivariate statistical analysis. Freeze-dried samples had the most abundant volatile compounds and maintained more alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and esters described as mushroom, sweet, and green flavor, like 1-octen-3-ol, 1-octen-3-one, nonanal, 2,3-butanedione, and so on. Hot air-drying promoted the production of heterocycles and ketones with roasted flavor due to the thermalreaction, such as 2-cyclohexen-1-one, furan, 3-phenyl-, etc. Natural air-drying resulted in acids releasing an unpleasant flavor, e.g., acetic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, etc. Overall, thermal reaction combined with vacuum conditions might be suitable for maintaining and enriching the aroma flavor of dried true morels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Li
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - E Hengchao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiangwei He
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jianying Li
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Changyan Zhou
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China.
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15
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Qiu Z, Wang S, Zhao J, Cui L, Wang X, Cai N, Li H, Ren S, Li T, Shu L. Synthesis and structural characteristics analysis of melanin pigments induced by blue light in Morchella sextelata. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1276457. [PMID: 37840742 PMCID: PMC10573313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1276457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Morchella sextelata, a highly sought-after edible mushroom worldwide, is evaluated based on its cap color as an essential commercial property indicator. In the present study, the effects of blue light on cap pigmentation in M. sextelata, as well as the synthesis and structural characteristics of melanin pigments within the cap were examined. The results showed that an increase in the proportion of blue light within the lighting environment promoted melanin synthesis and melanization of the cap. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed the localization of melanin within the mycelium and its ultrastructural characteristics. The UV-visible analysis demonstrated that melanin exhibited a maximum absorption peak at 220 nm and possessed high alkaline solubility as well as acid precipitability. The structural characteristics of melanin were analyzed using FTIR, NMR, HPLC, and elemental analysis, which confirmed the presence of eumelanin, pheomelanin, and allomelanin in both brown and black caps. Furthermore, blue light can stimulate the synthesis of both eumelanin and pheomelanin. The obtained results can serve as the foundation for comprehending the mechanism by which light regulates color formation in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Qiu
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiazhi Zhao
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingxiu Cui
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Nuo Cai
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuhua Ren
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Shu
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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16
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Pei L, Liu W, Liu L, Wang X, Jiang L, Chen Z, Wang Q, Wang P, Xu H. Morel ( Morchella spp.) intake alters gut microbial community and short-chain fatty acid profiles in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1237237. [PMID: 37810928 PMCID: PMC10556497 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1237237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Morels (Morchella spp.) are highly nutritious and consumed as both edible mushrooms and traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with morel mushrooms on the gut bacterial microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in healthy mice. Healthy mice were randomly assigned to five groups: a control group (0% morel) and four intervention groups supplemented with different levels of morel mushrooms (5% for M5, 10% for M10, 15% for M15, and 20% for M20) over a period of 4 weeks. Fecal samples were collected at the end of the experiment to characterize the microbiota and assess the SCFAs levels. The morel intervention significantly altered the bacterial community composition, increasing Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and Parabacteroides, while decreasing Staphylococcus and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio). Moreover, increased morel intake was associated with weight loss. All SCFAs content was upregulated in the morel-intervention groups. Potential SCFAs-producing taxa identified by regression analysis were distributed in the families Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and in the genera Jeotgalicoccus, Gemella, Odoribacter, Tyzzerella 3 and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014. The functional categories involved with SCFAs-production or weight loss may contain enzymes such as beta-glucosidase (K05349), beta-galactosidase (K01190), and hexosaminidase (K12373) after morel intervention. The exploration of the impact of morel mushrooms on gut microbiota and metabolites contributes to the development of prebiotics for improving health and reducing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longying Pei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Luping Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Luxi Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Qiquan Wang
- Zhiran Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Zhiran Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu, Xinjiang, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Uroz S, Gao T, Li J, He F, Rosazlina R, Martin F, Xu L. The cultivation regimes of Morchella sextelata trigger shifts in the community assemblage and ecological traits of soil bacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1257905. [PMID: 37808313 PMCID: PMC10552182 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1257905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful large-scale cultivation of morel mushrooms (Morchella sextelata) requires a comprehensive understanding of the soil bacterial communities associated with morel-farming beds, as the interactions between fungi and bacteria play a crucial role in shaping the soil microbiome. In this study, we investigated the temporal distribution and ecological characteristics of soil bacteria associated with morel fruiting bodies at different stages, specifically the conidial and primordial stages, under two cropping regimes, non-continuous cropping (NCC) and continuous cropping (CC). Our findings revealed a significant reduction in the yield of morel primordia during the third year following 2 years of CC (0.29 ± 0.25 primordia/grid), in comparison to the NCC regime (12.39 ± 6.09 primordia/grid). Furthermore, inoculation with morel mycelia had a notable impact on soil bacterial diversity, decreasing it in the NCC regime and increasing the number of generalist bacterial members in the CC regime. The latter regime also led to the accumulation of nutrients in the soil beds, resulting in a shift from a stochastic to a deterministic process in the composition of the bacterial community, which differed from the NCC regime. Additionally, mycelial inoculation had a positive effect on the abundance of potential copiotrophic/denitrifying and N-fixing bacteria while decreasing the abundance of oligotrophic/nitrifying bacteria. Interestingly, this effect was more pronounced in the NCC regime than in the CC regime. These results suggest that the increase in potential copiotrophic/denitrifying and N-fixing bacteria facilitated the decomposition of nutrients in exogenous nutrient bags by morel mushrooms, thereby maintaining nitrogen balance in the soil. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the interactions between morel mycelia and the associated soil bacteriome as well as the influence of different cultivation regimes on these interactions. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex dynamics of the soil microbiome and can inform strategies for optimizing morel mushroom cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Ecological Restoration Technology, Key Laboratory of Natural Product Development and Anticancer Innovative Drug Research in Qinling, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Stéphane Uroz
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Tianpeng Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Ecological Restoration Technology, Key Laboratory of Natural Product Development and Anticancer Innovative Drug Research in Qinling, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Mining Pollution Treatment and Ecological Restoration of Gansu Province, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Ecological Restoration Technology, Key Laboratory of Natural Product Development and Anticancer Innovative Drug Research in Qinling, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengqin He
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Ecological Restoration Technology, Key Laboratory of Natural Product Development and Anticancer Innovative Drug Research in Qinling, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rusly Rosazlina
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Francis Martin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Lingling Xu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Ecological Restoration Technology, Key Laboratory of Natural Product Development and Anticancer Innovative Drug Research in Qinling, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, Champenoux, France
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18
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Liu W, He P, Shi X, Zhang Y, Perez-Moreno J, Yu F. Large-Scale Field Cultivation of Morchella and Relevance of Basic Knowledge for Its Steady Production. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:855. [PMID: 37623626 PMCID: PMC10455658 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Morels are one of the most highly prized edible and medicinal mushrooms worldwide. Therefore, historically, there has been a large international interest in their cultivation. Numerous ecological, physiological, genetic, taxonomic, and mycochemical studies have been previously developed. At the beginning of this century, China finally achieved artificial cultivation and started a high-scale commercial development in 2012. Due to its international interest, its cultivation scale and area expanded rapidly in this country. However, along with the massive industrial scale, a number of challenges, including the maintenance of steady economic profits, arise. In order to contribute to the solution of these challenges, formal research studying selection, species recognition, strain aging, mating type structure, life cycle, nutrient metabolism, growth and development, and multi-omics has recently been boosted. This paper focuses on discussing current morel cultivation technologies, the industrial status of cultivation in China, and the relevance of basic biological research, including, e.g., the study of strain characteristics, species breeding, mating type structure, and microbial interactions. The main challenges related to the morel cultivation industry on a large scale are also analyzed. It is expected that this review will promote a steady global development of the morel industry based on permanent and robust basic scientific knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (W.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Peixin He
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (W.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Ya Zhang
- Sichuan Junyinong Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610023, China;
| | - Jesus Perez-Moreno
- Edafologia, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - Fuqiang Yu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (W.L.); (X.S.)
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19
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Liu B, Yu L, Zhai Q, Li M, Li L, Tian F, Chen W. Effect of water-soluble polysaccharides from Morchella esculenta on high-fat diet-induced obese mice: changes in gut microbiota and metabolic functions. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37191147 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Morchella esculenta polysaccharides exhibit numerous probiotic activities, but their regulatory effects on the gut microbiota are unclear. This study was conducted to explore whether M. esculenta polysaccharides can regulate dysbacteriosis caused by a high-fat diet and relieve obesity. We extracted a water-soluble polysaccharide from M. esculenta (MPF, purity: 96.19%, consisting of 55.97% glucose, 9.63% xylose, and 22% mannose) that reduces mouse fat accumulation, alleviates obesity, and relieves liver injury, after 90 days of high-fat diet intake. This polysaccharide reversed dysbiosis and regulated the abundance of gut microbiota caused by a high-fat diet (restoring the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and changing the abundances of Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, and Faecalibaculum), increasing short-chain fatty acids and decreasing gene expression in the liver (glucose 6-phosphatase, glucose transporter 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) receptor-1α, PPARα, PPARγ, and CCAAT enhancer binding protein α). We identified a regulatory relationship between polysaccharides, gut microbiota, and the liver as a potential mechanism by which polysaccharides can alleviate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Miaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuruolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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20
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Qian L, Du M, Yang X, Wang Q, Huang S, Ma Y, Sun Y. Microanalysis Characterization and Immunomodulatory Effect for Selenium-Enriched Polysaccharide from Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072885. [PMID: 37049647 PMCID: PMC10096435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers., referred to as Morel, is a medicinal and edible homologous fungus, which contains many bioactive substances. In Morel, polysaccharides are the most abundant and have various bioactivities. In the present work, two novel polysaccharides, Se-MPS and MPS, were prepared and purified from selenium-enriched (Se-enriched) and common Morel mycelia, respectively, and their structural and immunomodulatory properties were evaluated. The results show that Se-enriched treatment significantly changed the polysaccharides' chemical composition, molecular weight, and sugar chain configuration. In addition, the Se-enriched treatment also improved the polysaccharides' fragmentation and thermal stability. Importantly, Se-enriched Morel polysaccharide (Se-MPS) could significantly enhance phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and, remarkably, activate their immune response via activating the TLR4-TRAF6-MAPKs-NF-κB cascade signaling pathway, finally exerting an immunomodulatory function. Based on these findings, selenium-enriched Morel polysaccharide appears to have more potential for development and utilization in functional foods or medicines than ordinary Morel polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Qian
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Mengxiang Du
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Shengwei Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yuhan Ma
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yujun Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
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21
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Yang C, Jiang X, Ma L, Xiao D, Liu X, Ying Z, Li Y, Lin Y. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles Provide Insights into the Red-Stipe Symptom of Morel Fruiting Bodies. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030373. [PMID: 36983541 PMCID: PMC10058789 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of true morels (Morchella spp., Morchellaceae, Ascomycota) has rapidly expanded in recent years, especially in China. Red stipe is a symptom wherein the stipe of morel fruiting bodies becomes red-gray, resulting in the gradual death of the affected fruiting bodies. The impact of red-stipe symptom occurrence on the development and nutritional quality of morel fruiting bodies remains unclear. Herein, morel ascocarps with the red-stipe symptom (R) and normal (N), artificially cultivated in the Fujian Province of China, were selected for the transcriptome and metabolome analysis to study the physiological and biochemical responses of morel fruiting bodies to the red-stipe symptom. Transcriptome data revealed several differentially expressed genes between the R and N groups significantly enriched in the tyrosine, riboflavin, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. Similarly, the differentially accumulated metabolites were mainly assigned to metabolic pathways, including tyrosine, the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Moreover, the transcriptome and metabolome data combination revealed that tyrosine metabolism was the most enriched pathway, which was followed by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Overall, the integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data of M. sextelata affected by red-stipe symptoms identified several important genes, metabolites, and pathways. These findings further improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the red-stipe symptom development of M. sextelata and provide new insights into how to optimize its cultivation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding & Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding & Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding & Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Donglai Xiao
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding & Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding & Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Zhenghe Ying
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding & Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding & Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yanquan Lin
- Institute of Edible Mushroom, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding & Cultivation of Featured Edible Mushroom, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350014, China
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22
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Li Y, Chen H, Zhang X. Cultivation, nutritional value, bioactive compounds of morels, and their health benefits: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1159029. [PMID: 37006947 PMCID: PMC10063854 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1159029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Morels are valuable mushrooms being used as foods and medical substances for a long history. The commonly cultivated morel species include M. eximia, M. importuna, and M. sextelata in China, M. conica and M. esculenta in the US. Morels' nutritional profile mainly consists of carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids, which are also responsible for its complex sensory attributes and health benefits. The bioactive compounds in morels including polysaccharides, phenolics, tocopherols, and ergosterols contribute to the anti-oxidative abilities, anti-inflammation, immunoprotection, gut health preservation, and anti-cancer abilities. This review depicted on the cultivation of morels, major bioactive compounds of different morel species both from fruit bodies and mycelia, and their health benefits to provide a comprehensive understanding of morels and support the future research and applications of morels as high-value functional food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Li
- Bannerbio Nutraceuticals Inc., Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Bannerbio Nutraceuticals Inc., Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zhang
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23
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Sun J, Yu S, Lu Y, Liu H, Liu X. Proposal of a new family Pseudodiploösporeaceae fam. nov. ( Hypocreales) based on phylogeny of Diploöspora longispora and Paecilomyces penicillatus. Mycology 2023; 14:60-73. [PMID: 36816772 PMCID: PMC9930807 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2143919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During a field survey of cultivated Morchella mushroom diseases, Diploöspora longispora and Paecilomyces penicillatus, causal agents of pileus rot or white mould disease were detected, which resulted in up to 80% of yield losses. Multi-locus phylogenic analysis revealed that the fungi were affiliated in a distinct clade in Hypocreales. We further constructed a phylogenetic tree with broader sampling in Hypocreales and estimated the divergence times. The D. longispora and P. penicillatus clades were estimated to have diverged from Hypocreaceae around 129 MYA and Pseudodiploösporeaceae fam. nov is herein proposed to accommodate species in this clade. Two new genera, i.e. Pseudodiploöspora and Zelopaecilomyceswere, were introduced based on morphological characteristics and phylogenic relationships of Diploöspora longispora and Paecilomyces penicillatus, respectively. Five new combinations - Pseudodiploöspora cubensis, P. longispora, P. fungicola, P. zinniae, and Zelopaecilomyces penicillatus - were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China,School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, China,School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongzhong Lu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China,CONTACT Hongwei Liu
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China,Xingzhong Liu
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He P, Chen Z, Men Y, Wang M, Wang W, Liu W. Activity Assay of Amylase and Xylanase Is Available for Quantitative Assessment of Strain Aging in Cultivated Culinary-Medicinal Morchella Mushrooms (Ascomycotina). Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:57-64. [PMID: 36734919 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022046420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Strain aging has been mainly contributing to the "uncertainty" of Morchella farming. The situation calls for urgent quantitative assessment of strain aging in cultivated Morchella mushrooms. In this paper, systemic senescence of the productive strains of M. eximia, M. importuna, and M. sextelata was achieved through successive subculturing to provide subcultures with different degree of aging for further studies. Then the quantitative assessment of morel strain aging was conducted by activity assay of amylase and xylanase using dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The results suggested that both activity of amylase and xylanase decreased along with the rise of subculture times. Meanwhile, the correlation between xylanase activity and time of subculturing in the tested morel strains was higher than that of amylase assay. Consequently, assay of amylase and xylanase activity by DNS method can be used in the quantitative assessment of morel strain aging, and assay of xylanase activity is the better alternative. The work will improve the settlement of "uncertainty" in the morel industry and thus be beneficial for stable development of morel farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin He
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Men
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Henan Junsheng Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
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25
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Zhang C, Shi X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang W. Dynamics of soil microbiome throughout the cultivation life cycle of morel ( Morchella sextelata). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:979835. [PMID: 36910237 PMCID: PMC9992412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.979835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Morchella sextelata (morel) is a well-known, edible, and medicinal fungus widely cultivated in China, the dynamics and roles of its soil microbiome during cultivation are unclear. Using rhizosphere soil samples collected throughout the M. sextelata cultivation life cycle, we conducted a high-throughput metagenomic sequencing analysis, with an emphasis on variations in soil microbial composition, characteristic biomarkers, and ecological functions. We found that microbial relative abundance, alpha diversity, and structure varied significantly among fungal growth stages. A total of 47 stage-associated biomarkers were identified through a linear discriminant analysis of effect size. In addition, horizontal comparison of soil microbiomes exhibiting successful and failed primordium formation further confirmed primordium-associated microbes with possible key roles in primordium formation. A microbial function analysis revealed that nutrient metabolism-related pathways were enriched during mycelium and fruiting body stages, whereas the signal transduction pathway was enriched during the primordium stage. This result indicates that diverse microbes are required at different growth stages of M. sextelata. Our research has revealed the dynamic scenario of the soil microbiome throughout the cultivation life cycle of M. sextelata. The high-resolution microbial profiles uncovered in the present study provide novel insights that should contribute to the improvement of morel cultivation using microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiexiong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yesheng Zhang
- Shandong Junsheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Kewlani P, Tiwari D, Singh L, Balodi S, Bhatt ID. Food and Antioxidant Supplements with Therapeutic Properties of Morchella esculenta (Ascomycetes): A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:11-29. [PMID: 37824403 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023049147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Morchella esculenta, commonly known as yellow morels, is an edible and medicinal mushroom popular worldwide for its unique flavor and culinary purposes. The traditional medical system effectively uses morels against infertility, fatigue, cancer, muscular pain, cough, and cold. The M. esculenta possesses many health-promoting nutritional components such as mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, protein hydrolysates, vitamins, amino acids and minerals. The potential medicinal properties of morels is due to polysaccharides (galactomannan, chitin, β-glucans, and β-1,3-1,6-glucan) present that has high economic importance worldwide. Polysaccharides present possess a broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant. However, the toxicity and clinical trials to prove its safety and efficacy for medicinal uses are yet to be evaluated. Moreover, the separation, purification, identification, and structural elucidation of active compounds responsible for the unique flavors and biological activities are still lacking in M. esculenta. The available information provides a new base for future perspectives. It highlights the need for further studies of this potent medicinal mushroom species as a source of beneficial therapeutic drugs and nutraceutical supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Kewlani
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepti Tiwari
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Laxman Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivani Balodi
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
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27
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Chen Q, Che C, Yang S, Ding P, Si M, Yang G. Anti-inflammatory effects of extracellular vesicles from Morchella on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via the ROS-mediated p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:317-327. [PMID: 35796909 PMCID: PMC9886593 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Morchella is a kind of important edible and medicinal fungi, which is rich in polysaccharides, enzymes, fatty acids, amino acids and other active components. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a typical membrane structure, and the vesicles contain some specific lipids, miRNAs and proteins, and their can deliver the contents to different cells to change their functions. The present study investigated whether Morchella produce extracellular vesicles and its anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW246.7 macrophages. The experimental results showed that Morchella produced extracellular vesicles and significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a model of LPS-induced inflammation. In addition, the expression of inflammatory factor-related genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) showed dose-dependent inhibition. Morchella extracellular vesicles also can inhibit the inflammatory response induced by LPS by inhibiting the production of ROS and reducing the phosphorylation levels of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. These results indicate that the Morchella extracellular vesicles can be used as a potential anti-inflammatory substance in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengchuan Che
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Ding
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiru Si
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Yang
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165 People’s Republic of China
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28
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Ramya H, Ravikumar KS, Ajith TA, Fathimathu Z, Janardhanan KK. Anticancer Activity of the Bioactive Extract of the Morel Mushroom (Morchella elata, Ascomycetes) from Kashmir Himalaya (India) and Identification of Major Bioactive Compounds. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:41-52. [PMID: 37831511 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023050169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Morel mushrooms, Morchella species are highly nutritional, excellently edible and medicinal. Anticancer activity of M. elata, growing in forests of Kashmir Himalaya was studied. Ethyl acetate extract of fruiting bodies of M. elata (MEAE) was evaluated for cytotoxicity by MTT assay using Daltons lymphoma ascites (DLA), human colon cancer (HCT-116) and normal cell lines. Anti-carcinogenic and antiangiogenic activities of MEAE were tested using mouse models. Proapoptotic activity was detected by double staining of acridine orange-ethidium bromide assay. MEAE was partially purified by column chromatography and the bioactive compounds were identified by LC-MS analysis. The bioactive extract of M. elata showed significant cytotoxicic activity against DLA (P < 0.05), HCT-116 cell lines (P < 0.05) and did not possess appreciable adverse effect on the viability of normal cells. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, 60% cell death was observed in HCT-116 cell line while 80% cell death was found in DLA cell line. The extract also possessed profound anticarcinogenic, antiangiogenic and proapoptotic activities. LC-MS analysis showed celastrol (RT 9.504, C29H38O4, MW 450.27), convallatoxin (RT 9.60, C29H42O10, MW 550.27), cucurbitacin A (RT 11.97, C32H46O9, MW 574.71) and madecassic acid (RT 14.35, C30H48O6, MW 504.70) as the major bioactive components. Current experimental studies indicated that bioactive extract of M. elata possessed significant anticancer activity. Being an excellently edible mushroom, the potential therapeutic use of M. elata and its bioactive extract in complementary therapy of cancer is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zuhara Fathimathu
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Thenjipalam 673636, India
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29
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Lei J, Zhang Y, Guo D, Meng J, Feng C, Xu L, Cheng Y, Liu R, Chang M, Geng X. Extraction optimization, structural characterization of soluble dietary fiber from Morchella importuna, and its in vitro fermentation impact on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2093979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongdong Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lijing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongzhu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xueran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau Taigu, Shanxi, China
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30
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Rehman AU, Siddiqui NZ, Farooqui NA, Alam G, Gul A, Ahmad B, Asim M, Khan AI, Xin Y, Zexu W, Song Ju H, Xin W, Lei S, Wang L. Morchella esculenta mushroom polysaccharide attenuates diabetes and modulates intestinal permeability and gut microbiota in a type 2 diabetic mice model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:984695. [PMID: 36276816 PMCID: PMC9582931 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.984695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a health issue that causes serious worldwide economic problems. It has previously been reported that natural polysaccharides have been studied with regard to regulating the gut microbiota, which plays an important role in T2DM. Here, we investigate the effects of Morchella esculenta polysaccharide (MEP) on a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM in BALB/c mice. The administration of MEP effectively regulated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and improved insulin sensitivity. We also determined an improvement in gut microbiota composition by 16sRNA pyrosequencing. Treatment with MEP showed an increase in beneficial bacteria, i.e., Lactobacillus and Firmicutes, while the proportion of the opportunistic bacteria Actinobacteria, Corynebacterium, and Facklamia decreased. Furthermore, the treatment of T2DM mice with MEP resulted in reduced endotoxemia and insulin resistance-related pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Moreover, MEP treatment improved intestinal permeability by modulating the expression of the colon tight-junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1, and mucin-2 protein (MUC2). Additionally, MEP administration affects the metagenome of microbial communities in T2DM mice by altering the functional metabolic pathways. All these findings suggested that MEP is a beneficial prebiotic associated with ameliorating the gut microbiota and its metabolites in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nimra Zafar Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nabeel Ahmed Farooqui
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gulzar Alam
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Aneesa Gul
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Asif Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wang Zexu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hyo Song Ju
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wang Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sun Lei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Liang Wang,
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31
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Polysaccharide extracted from Morchella esculenta inhibits carrageenan-induced thrombosis in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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32
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Wei-Ye L, Hong-Bo G, Ke-Xin B, Alekseevna SL, Xiao-Jian Q, Xiao-Dan Y. Determining why continuous cropping reduces the production of the morel Morchella sextelata. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:903983. [PMID: 36171750 PMCID: PMC9510911 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.903983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial cultivation of Morchella sextelata and other morels is expanding in China, but continuous cropping reduces Morchella for unknown reasons. Here, we investigated soil that had been used or not used for M. sextelata cultivation for 0, 1, and 2 years. We found that the continuous cropping of M. sextelata substantially reduced the pH and the nutrient content of the hyphosphere soil and increased sclerotia formation by M. sextelata. Changes in the structure of bacterial and fungal communities were associated with levels of available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus in the soil. With continuous cropping, the richness and diversity of fungal and bacterial communities increased, but the abundance of Bacillus and Lactobacillus decreased and the abundance of pathogenic fungi increased. FAPROTAX analysis indicated that N cycle functions were enriched more with than without continuous cultivation, and that enrichment of N cycle and sulfate respiration functions was higher in the second than in the first year of cultivation. FunGuild analysis indicated that the functions related to pathotrophs and wood saprotrophs were enriched by M. sextelata cultivation. Overall, the results suggest that continuous cropping may reduce M. sextelata production by acidifying the soil and increasing the abundance of pathogenic fungi. Additional research is needed to determine whether increases in the abundance of pathogenic fungi and changes in soil chemistry result in the declines in production that occur with continuous M. sextelata cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wei-Ye
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guo Hong-Bo
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, China
- Primorye State Agricultural Academy, Ussuriisk, Russia
| | - Bi Ke-Xin
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sibirina Lidiya Alekseevna
- Primorye State Agricultural Academy, Ussuriisk, Russia
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Qi Xiao-Jian
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Xiao-Dan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Xiao-Dan,
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33
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Acay H, Yildirim A, Güney İG, Derviş S. Morchella esculenta‐
based chitosan bionanocomposites: Evaluation as an antifungal agent. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Acay
- Mardin Artuklu University Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Mardin Turkey
| | - Ayfer Yildirim
- Mardin Artuklu University Vocational School of Health Services Mardin Turkey
| | - İnci Güler Güney
- Mardin Artuklu University Kızıltepe Vocational High School, Department of Plant and Animal Production Mardin Turkey
| | - Sibel Derviş
- Mardin Artuklu University Kızıltepe Vocational High School, Department of Plant and Animal Production Mardin Turkey
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34
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Rehman AU, Khan AI, Xin Y, Liang W. Morchella esculenta polysaccharide attenuate obesity, inflammation and modulate gut microbiota. AMB Express 2022; 12:114. [PMID: 36056976 PMCID: PMC9440975 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have now been suggested as promising sources of biological functional ingredients and are the subject of the most recent nutrition research and novel functional foods. Polysaccharides from mushrooms exhibit impressive biological effects, notably against obesity. Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and hyperpermeability of the colon. Here, we prove that mushrooms Morchella esculenta polysaccharide (MEP) effects on HFD-induced obesity, colonic inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Our findings demonstrate MEP supplementation attenuates obesity parameters and reduces inflammation in the colon via regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, MEP administration restores gut microbiota dysregulation by ameliorating Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes proportion as well as enhancing beneficial bacteria, like Lactobacillus, and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria like Enterococcus. MEP improves gut integrity by increasing tight junction proteins (TJs) and reducing endotoxin levels by controlling Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in HFD-induced obese mice. These results demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of MEP in attenuating HFD-induced obesity via regulating inflammatory cascades, ameliorating the gut microbiome, and modulating gut integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Asif Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Wang Liang
- Clinical Stem cell Research Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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35
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Li DX, Cheng X, Ma FP, Chen JY, Chen YP, Zhao XS, Luo Q. Identification of metabolites from edible mushroom Morchella sextelata and their biological evaluation. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1774-1781. [PMID: 36054761 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2119389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To identify bioactive metabolites from the fruiting body of Morchella sextelata, fourteen metabolites (1-14) including one undescribed morchesexten A (1) were isolated. Their structures including absolute configurations were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical computational methods. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Compounds 10-12 showed inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production with IC50 values of 15.2 ± 2.7, 10.2 ± 1.9 and 35.3 ± 10.5 μM, respectively. Compounds 7 and 9 exhibited strong antioxidant effect with IC50 values of 6.7 ± 0.4 and 7.3 ± 0.8 μM compared with Vit C (IC50 15.4 ± 0.2 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Xian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fo-Pei Ma
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Yu Chen
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Kuang MT, Xu JY, Li JY, Yang L, Hou B, Zhao Q, Hu JM. Purification, structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities of a polysaccharide from the fruiting body of Morchella sextelata. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:394-403. [PMID: 35588979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide (MSP-1) was isolated from the fruiting body of Morchella sextelata and purified using DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-75. The molecular weight of MSP-1 was 1.17 × 104 Da, as detected by HPLC analysis. The monosaccharide composition of MSP-1 was mannose and glucose at a ratio of 1.00: 1.25. Methylation and NMR results revealed that the backbone of MSP-1 was composed of →4)-β-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and →4, 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→. SEM images of MSP-1 presented a dense network structure with porous characterizations. The immunomodulatory activities of MSP-1 were evaluated using RAW264.7 cells, and the results showed that MSP-1 promoted proliferative and phagocytic activity and increased the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-6. These results indicated that MSP-1 exhibited significant immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing-Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jin-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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37
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Li IC, Chiang LH, Wu SY, Shih YC, Chen CC. Nutrition Profile and Animal-Tested Safety of Morchella esculenta Mycelia Produced by Fermentation in Bioreactors. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101385. [PMID: 35626955 PMCID: PMC9140585 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Morchella esculenta (ME), or “true” morel mushrooms, are one of the most expensive mushrooms. M. esculenta contain all the important nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and several bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, organic acids, polyphenolic compounds, and tocopherols, which are promising for antioxidant, immunomodulation, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory applications. However, the M. esculenta fruiting body is difficult to collect in nature and the quality is not always reliable. For this reason, the cultivation of its mycelia represents a useful alternative for large-scale production. However, for M. esculenta mycelia to be used as an innovative food ingredient, it is very important to prove it is safe for human consumption while providing high-quality nutrients. Hence, for the first time in this study, the nutritional composition, as well as 90 days of oral toxicity of fermented ME mycelia in Sprague Dawley rats, is examined. Results showed that the ME mycelia contained 4.20 ± 0.49% moisture, 0.32 ± 0.07% total ash, 17.17 ± 0.07% crude lipid, 39.35 ± 0.35% crude protein, 38.96 ± 4.60% carbohydrates, and 467.77 ± 0.21 kcal/100 g energy, which provides similar proportions of macronutrients as the U.S. Dietary Reference Intakes recommend. Moreover, forty male and female Sprague Dawley rats administrating ME mycelia at oral doses of 0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/kg for 90 days showed no significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight, ophthalmology, and urinalysis. Although there were alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters, organ weights, necropsy findings, and histological markers, they were not considered to be toxicologically significant. Hence, the results suggest that the no-observed-adverse-effects level (NOAEL) of ME mycelia was greater than 3000 mg/kg/day and can therefore be used safely as a novel food at the NOAEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (L.-H.C.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Lynn-Huey Chiang
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (L.-H.C.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Szu-Yin Wu
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (L.-H.C.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Yang-Chia Shih
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City 413, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (L.-H.C.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City 104, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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38
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Li F, Wang K, Dong X, Xu H. Structure, conformation and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from
Morchella sextelata. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Xiaobo Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
- Edible Fungi Center Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Huaide Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
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39
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Dong H, Zhao X, Cai M, Gu H, E H, Li X, Zhang Y, Lu H, Zhou C. Metabolomics Analysis of Morchella sp. From Different Geographical Origins of China Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Front Nutr 2022; 9:865531. [PMID: 35449541 PMCID: PMC9016275 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.865531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The morel mushroom (Morchella sp.) is reputed as one of the most highly-prized edible fungi with mounting cultivated area as well as commercial popularity in China. To date, optimized methods specific for quality evaluation and constituent analysis of Morchella sp. are still non-available, impeding the healthy and sustainable development of this industry. Herein, an untargeted UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics approach was performed to characterize the metabolite profiles of morel samples from four distinct geographical origins of China, viz. Gansu, Guizhou, Liaoning, and Henan province. A total of 32 significantly different metabolites assigned to lipids (19), organic acids (9), amino acids (3), and ketones (1) were identified to distinguish the geographic-segregation samples amenable to multivariate analysis. These metabolites may serve as molecular markers indicative of specific regions. More importantly, the lipid, protein and amino acid metabolism were responsible for geographic differences as revealed by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Collectively, this study not only pioneered high-throughput methodology to evaluate quality of Morchella sp. and distinguish geographical origins in a sensitive, rapid and efficient manner, but also shed light on the potential link between physiochemical variation and geological origins from a metabolic perspective, which may be conducive to the advancement of edible fungi industry and establishment of food traceability system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Cai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Haotian Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengchao E
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobei Li
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Lu
- National Research Center of Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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40
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Structural characterization and biological activities of a new polysaccharide isolated from Morchella Sextelata. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:369-380. [PMID: 35416638 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Morchella is the famous medicinal fungi in the ascomycetes. In this study, a new water-soluble polysaccharide (MSP-3-1) with an average molecular weight of 2.35 × 107 Da was extracted and purified from fruiting bodies of cultivated M. Sextelata. The structural characterization and biological activities of purified polysaccharide was further investigated. The results indicated that MSP-3-1 was mainly a α-glucan, mainly consisting of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal) in a ratio of 5.10: 91.39: 3.51. Its surface morphology exhibited irregular lamellar structures with small voids. And the particle size analysis showed that MSP-3-1 was the homogeneous nanoparticle in water solution. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity analysis showed that MSP-3-1 possessed certain scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals, DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Immunological tests suggested that MSP-3-1 could significantly promote the proliferation, phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production of macrophage RAW264.7. Thus, our results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Morchella Sextelata polysaccharides as an immunmodulatory component in functional foods.
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41
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Structure Identification of Two Polysaccharides from Morchella sextelata with Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070982. [PMID: 35407069 PMCID: PMC8997402 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms of the Morchella genus exhibit a variety of biological activities. Two polysaccharides (MSP1-1, 389.0 kDa; MSP1-2, 23.4 kDa) were isolated from Morchella sextelata by subcritical water extraction and column chromatography fractionation. Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis determined MSP1-1 as a glucan with a backbone of (1→4)-α-D-glucan branched at O-6, and MSP1-2 as a galactomannan with coextracted α-glucan. Light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy revealed that MSP1-1 possessed a random coil chain and that MSP1-2 had a network chain. This is the first time that a network structure has been observed in a polysaccharide from M. sextelata. Despite the differences in their chemical structures and conformations, both MSP1-1 and MSP1-2 possessed good thermal stability and showed antioxidant activity. This study provides fundamental data on the structure-activity relationships of M. sextelata polysaccharides.
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42
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Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Conversions of Olive Mill Wastewater-Based Media by Pleurotus pulmonarius Cultures. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pleurotus pulmonarius mushroom was cultivated on liquid cultures with olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) of initial phenolic compound concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 2 and 3 g/L and glucose at initial concentrations of 40 and 60 g/L. The ability of the fungus to grow on media containing toxic compounds enriched with glucose was assessed through biomass production, glucose consumption, polysaccharide (IPS) accumulation and total cellular lipids biosynthesis, while the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant component monitoring were also assessed during a 43-day fermentation. An analysis of the total simple sugar composition of IPS and the total fatty acid composition of lipids was performed. The phenolic reduction and media decolorization were also monitored. Results showed that the addition of glucose in OMW-based media had a positive effect on biomass, IPS and lipid production and increased the unsaturated fatty acids and TPC concentration. The maximum recorded values were the following: biomass 32.76 g/L, IPS 4.38 g/L (14.70%, w/w in dry weight), lipids 2.85 g/L (11.69%, w/w in dry weight). The mycelial lipids were unsaturated and dominated by linoleic acid, whereas IPS were composed mainly of glucose. Significant phenolic compound reduction (87–95%) and color removal (70–85%) occurred. Results strongly suggest the potentiality of P. pulmonarius utilization in the OMW treatment.
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43
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Zhang NN, Ma H, Zhang ZF, Zhang WN, Chen L, Pan WJ, Wu QX, Lu YM, Chen Y. Characterization and immunomodulatory effect of an alkali-extracted galactomannan from Morchella esculenta. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118960. [PMID: 34973775 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In our continuous exploration for bioactive polysaccharides, a novel polysaccharide FMP-2 was isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of Morchella esculenta by alkali-assisted extraction. FMP-2 had an average molecular weight of 1.09 × 106 Da and contained mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 4.10:0.22:1.00:5.75:0.44. The backbone of FMP-2 mainly consisted of 1,2-α-D-Galp, 1,6-α-D-Galp, and 1,4-α-D-Manp, with branches of 1,4,6-α-D-Manp and 1,2,6-α-D-Galp. FMP-2 can stimulate phagocytosis and promote the secretion of NO, ROS, and cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells ranging from 25 to 400 μg/mL. FMP-2 had great repairing effect on the immune injury of zebrafish induced by chloramphenicol. The phagocytosis ability of zebrafish macrophages and the proliferation of neutrophils can be greatly enhanced by polysaccharide FMP-2 with concentrations from 50 to 200 μg/mL. These findings suggest that FMP-2 might be used as a potential immunomodulator in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - He Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhong-Fei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wen-Na Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qing-Xi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yong-Ming Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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Deng K, Lan X, Chen Y, Wang T, Li M, Xu Y, Cao X, Xie G, Xie L. Integration of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics for Understanding the Different Vegetative Growth in Morchella Sextelata. Front Genet 2022; 12:829379. [PMID: 35186020 PMCID: PMC8854800 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.829379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morchella sextelata is an edible and medicinal fungus with high nutritional, medicinal, and economic value. Recently, M. sextelata has been produced through artificial cultivation in China, but its stable production remains problematic because the details of its growth and development process are limitedly understood. Herein, to investigate the dynamic process of M. sextelata development, we integrated the transcriptomics and metabolomics data of M. sextelata from three developmental stages: the young mushroom period (YMP), marketable mature period (MMP), and physiological maturity period (PMP). The results showed that the transcriptome changed dynamically at different stages and demonstrated the significant enrichment of pathways that regulate plant growth and development, such as N-glycan biosynthesis and carbon and purine metabolism. Similarly, small-molecule metabolites, such as D-fructose-1,6-biphosphate, which was upregulated during the YMP, dihydromyricetin, which was upregulated during the MMP, and L-citrulline, which was upregulated during the PMP, also showed phase-dependent characteristics. Then, combined analysis of the transcriptome data and metabolome traits revealed that the transcriptome may affect metabolic molecules during different growth stages of M. sextelata via specific enzymes, such as α-glucosidase and glucanase, which were included in two opposite transcriptome modules. In summary, this integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics data for understanding the vegetative growth of M. sextelata during different developmental stages implicated several key genes, metabolites, and pathways involved in the vegetative growth. We believe that these findings will provide comprehensive insights into the dynamic process of growth and development in M. sextelata and new clues for optimizing the methods for its cultivation application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Kejun Deng, ; Liyuan Xie,
| | - Xiuhua Lan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengke Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingyin Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Cao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangbo Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Kejun Deng, ; Liyuan Xie,
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Wang X, Zhou X, Wang K, Cao X. Structural characterisation and bioactivity of polysaccharides isolated from fermented Dendrobium officinale. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:280-290. [PMID: 34091920 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A polysaccharide was purified in this study, which was acquired from the fermentation broth of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. We aimed to investigate the structural features and bioactivity of this polysaccharide. RESULTS The polysaccharide was purified and the main polysaccharide fraction (i.e., DOP-1) was obtained. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) revealed that the molecular weight of DOP-1 was 447.48 kDa. Galactose, glucose and mannose were found to be present in DOP-1 via monosaccharide composition analysis, at a ratio of 1:1.79:6.71. Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis indicated that the backbone of DOP-1 was →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 4,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→, and its repeating units were also preliminarily established. In vitro tests proved that DOP-1 not only protects RAW264.7 macrophages from the cytotoxic effect induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but also inhibits cytokines (i.e., interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α) induced by LPS. DOP-1 demonstrated good scavenging activity in vitro toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals, as well as good metal chelating activity. Therefore, DOP-1 has potential antioxidant applications. CONCLUSION The structural characteristics of DOP-1 support its favourable biological activities and lay a strong foundation for further exploration of its structure-activity relationships and activity development, providing experimental data for the development and utilisation of fermentation broth of D. officinale. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilai Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Xianying Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, University of Hainan, Haikou, China
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Ficke A, Asalf B, Norli HR. Volatile Organic Compound Profiles From Wheat Diseases Are Pathogen-Specific and Can Be Exploited for Disease Classification. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:803352. [PMID: 35069508 PMCID: PMC8776713 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.803352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and fungi emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are either constitutively produced or are produced in response to changes in their physico-chemical status. We hypothesized that these chemical signals could be utilized as diagnostic tools for plant diseases. VOCs from several common wheat pathogens in pure culture (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae, and Parastagonospora nodorum) were collected and compared among isolates of the same fungus, between pathogens from different species, and between pathogens causing different disease groups [Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB)]. In addition, we inoculated two wheat varieties with either F. graminearum or P. nodorum, while one variety was also inoculated with Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (powdery mildew, PM). VOCs were collected 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation. Each fungal species in pure culture emitted a different VOC blend, and each isolate could be classified into its respective disease group based on VOCs with an accuracy of 71.4 and 84.2% for FHB and SNB, respectively. When all collection times were combined, the classification of the tested diseases was correct in 84 and 86% of all cases evaluated. Germacrene D and sativene, which were associated with FHB infection, and mellein and heptadecanone, which were associated with SNB infection, were consistently emitted by both wheat varieties. Wheat plants infected with PM emitted significant amounts of 1-octen-3-ol and 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-hexene. Our study suggests that VOC blends could be used to classify wheat diseases. This is the first step toward a real-time disease detection in the field based on chemical signatures of wheat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ficke
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
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Zhou Y, El-Seedi HR, Xu B. Insights into health promoting effects and myochemical profiles of pine mushroom Tricholoma matsutake. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5698-5723. [PMID: 34985354 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2023857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tricholoma matsutake (TM) is a valuable edible mushroom that has attracted increasing attention due to its potential medicinal values and functional uses. However, the chemical composition and molecular mechanisms behinds TM are not specifically summarized yet. Hence, this review aims to systematically analyze the research progress on the characterization of chemical compositions and the reported health effects of TM in the last 20 years. The myochemical profiles of TM consist of proteins with amino acids, fatty acids, nucleic acids with their derivatives, polysaccharides, minerals, volatile components, phenolic compounds, and steroids. The bioactive substances in TM exert their health effects mainly by regulating body immunity and restoring the balance of the redox system. NF-κB signaling pathway and its downstream cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 are the key molecular mechanisms. In addition, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and JAK-STAT are also involved. NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt are also highly related to cancer regulation and thus TM has great anticancer potential. Considering that most studies have only investigated the dosage and inhibition rate of TM on cancer cell lines, more extensive studies need to focus on the specific molecular mechanisms behind these anticancer effects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- BNU-HKBU United International College, Food Science and Technology Program, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Baojun Xu
- BNU-HKBU United International College, Food Science and Technology Program, Zhuhai, China
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Chemotyping of three Morchella species reveals species- and age-related aroma volatile biomarkers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Haq FU, Imran M, Saleem S, Waheed Y. Antibacterial activity of different extracts from ascomata of Morchella conica and Morchella esculenta against Salmonella species. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:85-95. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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TONG Q, YAN S, WANG S, XUE J. Optimization of process technology and quality analysis of a new yogurt fortified with Morchella esculenta. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.45822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian TONG
- Huainan Normal University, China; Huainan Normal University, China
| | - Shoubao YAN
- Huainan Normal University, China; Huainan Normal University, China
| | - Shunchang WANG
- Huainan Normal University, China; Huainan Normal University, China
| | - Jun XUE
- Huainan Normal University, China
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