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Zhang H, Cui L, Xie Y, Li X, Zhao R, Yang Y, Sun S, Li Q, Ma W, Jia H. Characterization, Mechanism, and Application of Dipeptidyl Peptidase III: An Aflatoxin B 1-Degrading Enzyme from Aspergillus terreus HNGD-TM15. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38949246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a notorious mycotoxin with mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, posing a serious hazard to human and animal health. In this study, an AFB1-degrading dipeptidyl-peptidase III mining from Aspergillus terreus HNGD-TM15 (ADPP III) with a molecular weight of 79 kDa was identified. ADPP III exhibited optimal activity toward AFB1 at 40 °C and pH 7.0, maintaining over 80% relative activity at 80 °C. The key amino acid residues that affected enzyme activity were identified as H450, E451, H455, and E509 via bioinformatic analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. The degradation product of ADPP III toward AFB1 was verified to be AFD1. The zebrafish hepatotoxicity assay verified the toxicity of the AFB1 degradation product was significantly weaker than that of AFB1. The result of this study proved that ADPP III presented a promising prospect for industrial application in food and feed detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lanbin Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Renyong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shumin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weibin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hang Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Zhang H, Ye YH, Wang Y, Liu JZ, Jiao QC. A Bibliometric Analysis: Current Perspectives and Potential Trends of Enzyme Thermostability from 1991-2022. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1211-1240. [PMID: 37382790 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Thermostability is considered a crucial parameter to evaluate the viability of enzymes in industrial applications. Over the past 31 years, many studies have been reported on the thermostability of enzymes. However, there is no systematic bibliometric analysis of publications on the thermostability of enzymes. In this study, 16,035 publications related to the thermostability of enzymes were searched and collected, showing an increasing annual trend. China contributed the most publications, while the United States had the highest citation count. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules is the most productive journal in the research field. Moreover, Chinese acad sci and Khosro Khajeh are the most active institutions and prolific authors in the field, respectively. Analysis of references with the strongest citation bursts and keyword co-occurrences, magnetic nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, molecular dynamics, and rational design are current hot spots and significant future research directions. This study is the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis summarizing trends and developments in enzyme thermostability research. Our findings could provide scholars with an understanding of the fundamental knowledge framework of the field and identify recent potential hotspots and research trends that could facilitate the discovery of collaboration opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yun-Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun-Zhong Liu
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, CHINA CO-OP, Nanjing, 211111, China.
| | - Qing-Cai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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3
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Sang Y, Huang X, Li H, Hong T, Zheng M, Li Z, Jiang Z, Ni H, Li Q, Zhu Y. Improving the thermostability of Pseudoalteromonas Porphyrae κ-carrageenase by rational design and MD simulation. AMB Express 2024; 14:8. [PMID: 38245573 PMCID: PMC10799840 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The industrial applications of the κ-carrageenases have been restricted by their poor thermostability. In this study, based on the folding free energy change (ΔΔG) and the flexibility analysis using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for the alkaline κ-carrageenase KCgCD from Pseudoalteromonas porphyrae (WT), the mutant S190R was identified with improved thermostability. After incubation at 50 °C for 30 min, the residual activity of S190R was 63.7%, 25.7% higher than that of WT. The Tm values determined by differential scanning calorimetry were 66.2 °C and 64.4 °C for S190R and WT, respectively. The optimal temperature of S190R was 10 °C higher than that of WT. The κ-carrageenan hydrolysates produced by S190R showed higher xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity compared with the untreated κ-carrageenan. MD simulation analysis of S190R showed that the residues (V186-M194 and P196-G197) in F5 and the key residue R150 in F3 displayed the decreased flexibility, and residues of T169-N173 near the catalytic center displayed the increased flexibility. These changed flexibilities might be the reasons for the improved thermostability of mutant S190R. This study provides a useful rational design strategy of combination of ΔΔG calculation and MD simulation to improve the κ-carrageenase's thermostability for its better industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Sang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Hebin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, 361008, Xiamen, China
| | - Tao Hong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, 361021, Xiamen, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 361021, Xiamen, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, 361021, Xiamen, China.
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, 361021, Xiamen, China.
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Zhang J, Qin Y, Wang Q, Liu S, Zhou J, He B, Liang X, Xian L, Wu J. Gene cloning, expression, and characterization of two endo-xylanases from Bacillus velezensis and Streptomyces rochei, and their application in xylooligosaccharide production. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1292726. [PMID: 38173671 PMCID: PMC10762781 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1292726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endo-xylanase hydrolyzing xylan in cellulosic residues releasing xylobiose as the major product at neutral pH are desirable in the substitute sweeteners industry. In this study, two endo-xylanases were obtained from Streptomyces rochei and Bacillus velezensis. SrocXyn10 showed the highest identity of 77.22%, with a reported endo-xylanase. The optimum reaction temperature and pH of rSrocXyn10-Ec were pH 7.0 and 60°C, with remarkable stability at 45°C or pHs ranging from 4.5 to 11.0. rBvelXyn11-Ec was most active at pH 6.0 and 50°C, and was stable at 35°C or pH 3.5 to 10.5. Both rSrocXyn10-Ec and rBvelXyn11-Ec showed specific enzyme activities on wheat arabinoxylan (685.83 ± 13.82 and 2809.89 ± 21.26 U/mg, respectively), with no enzyme activity on non-xylan substrates. The Vmax of rSrocXyn10-Ec and rBvelXyn11-Ec were 467.86 U mg-1 and 3067.68 U mg-1, respectively. The determined Km values of rSrocXyn10-Ec and rBvelXyn11-Ec were 3.08 g L-1 and 1.45 g L-1, respectively. The predominant product of the hydrolysis of alkaline extracts from bagasse, corncob, and bamboo by rSrocXyn10-Ec and rBvelXyn11-Ec were xylooligosaccharides. Interestingly, the xylobiose content in hydrolysates by rSrocXyn10-Ec was approximately 80%, which is higher than most reported endo-xylanases. rSrocXyn10-Ec and rBvelXyn11-Ec could be excellent candidates to produce xylooligosaccharides at neutral/near-neutral pHs. rSrocXyn10-Ec also has potential value in the production of xylobiose as a substitute sweetener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baoxiang He
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinquan Liang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liang Xian
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Jian X, Wang N, Li C, Liu H. Site-specific crosslinking and assembly of tetrameric β-glucuronidase improve glycyrrhizin hydrolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3570-3584. [PMID: 37707439 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, eight nonconserved residues with exposed surfaces and flexible conformations of the homotetrameric PGUS (β-glucuronidase from Aspergillus oryzae Li-3) were identified. Single-point mutation into cysteine enabled the thiol-maleimide reaction and site-specific protein assembly using a two-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG)-maleimide crosslinker (Mal2 ). The Mal2 (1k) (with 1 kDa PEG spacer)-crosslinked PGUS assemblies showed low crosslinking efficiency and unimproved thermostability except for G194C-Mal2 (1k). To improve the crosslinking efficiency, a lengthened crosslinker Mal2 (2k) (with 2 kDa PEG spacer) was used to produce PGUS assembly and a highly improved thermostability was achieved with a half-life of 47.2-169.2 min at 70°C, which is 1.04-3.74 times that of wild type PGUS. It is found that the thermostability of PGUS assembly was closely associated with the formation of inter-tetramer assembly and intratetramer crosslinking, rather than the PEGylation of the enzyme. Therefore, the four-arm PEG-maleimide crosslinker Mal4 (2k) (with 2 kDa PEG spacer) was employed to simultaneously increase the inter-tetramer assembly and intratetramer crosslinking, and the resulting PGUS assemblies showed further improved thermostabilities compared with Mal2 (2k)-crosslinked assemblies. Finally, the application of PGUS assemblies with significantly improved thermostability to the bioconversion of GL proved that the PGUS assembly is a strong catalyst for glycyrrhizin (GL) hydrolysis in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xing Jian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
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Khiari O, Bouzemi N, Sánchez-Montero JM, Alcántara AR. Easy and Versatile Technique for the Preparation of Stable and Active Lipase-Based CLEA-like Copolymers by Using Two Homofunctional Cross-Linking Agents: Application to the Preparation of Enantiopure Ibuprofen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13664. [PMID: 37686470 PMCID: PMC10487927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An easy and versatile method was designed and applied successfully to obtain access to lipase-based cross-linked-enzyme aggregate-like copolymers (CLEA-LCs) using one-pot, consecutive cross-linking steps using two types of homobifunctional cross-linkers (glutaraldehyde and putrescine), mediated with amine activation through pH alteration (pH jump) as a key step in the process. Six lipases were utilised in order to assess the effectiveness of the technique, in terms of immobilization yields, hydrolytic activities, thermal stability and application in kinetic resolution. A good retention of catalytic properties was found for all cases, together with an important thermal and storage stability improvement. Particularly, the CLEA-LCs derived from Candida rugosa lipase showed an outstanding behaviour in terms of thermostability and capability for catalysing the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic ibuprofen ethyl ester, furnishing the eutomer (S)-ibuprofen with very high conversion and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Khiari
- Eco Compatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE), Department of Chemistry, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (O.K.); (N.B.)
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nassima Bouzemi
- Eco Compatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE), Department of Chemistry, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (O.K.); (N.B.)
| | - José María Sánchez-Montero
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés R. Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Zhang X, Li L, Zheng Q. Dissecting the Effect of Temperature on Hyperthermophilic Pf2001 Esterase Dimerization by Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:4762-4771. [PMID: 37452749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pf2001 esterase (Pf2001) from Pyrococcus furiosus has hyperthermophilic properties and exerts a biocatalytic function in a dimeric state. Crystal structures revealed that the structural rearrangement of the cap domain is responsible for the Pf2001 dimer formation. However, the details of the cap domain remodeling and the effects of temperature on the dimerization process remain elusive at the molecular level, taking into account that experimental methods are difficult to capture the dynamic process of dimerization to some extent. Herein, four dimer models based on the monomeric crystal structure (PDB ID: 5G59) were constructed to investigate the conformational transition details and temperature effects in the dimerization by conventional molecular dynamics and accelerated molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulation results indicate that the monomer undergoes a conformational change into a "preparatory state" at high temperatures, which is more favorable for its transformation into a stable dimer. The subsequent free energy landscape analysis further identifies four intermediate states (from separated state to dimeric state) and discloses that a more accessible α-helix driven by stronger hydrophobic interactions induces a rearrangement of the cap domain, displaying a "tic-tac-toe" activation feature that is important for stabilizing the dimer interface and facilitating the formation of hydrophobic pockets. In addition, the electrostatic potential surface analysis illustrates that the weaker electrostatic repulsion (Lys and Arg) in the dimer interface at high temperatures is also a key factor for dimer stabilization. Altogether, our results can provide molecular-level insight into the dimer formation process of hyperthermophilic esterase and would be useful to understand the enzymatic specificity of α/β-hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Qingchuan Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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8
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Cross-protective effect of acid adaptation on ethanol tolerance in Salmonella Enteritidis. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Zhang S, Zhang N, Wang S, Li Z, Sun W, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Wu L, Ma J. Turn on fluorescent detection of biogenic amines in fish based on MnO2-coated and rhodamine 6G-loaded mesoporous silica nanospheres. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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10
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Wu L, Wu T, Zeng W, Zhou S, Zhang W, Ma J. A new ratiometric molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the detection of Sunset Yellow based on gold nanoparticles. Food Chem 2023; 413:135600. [PMID: 36758389 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Since a high dosage or excessive intake of Sunset Yellow (SY) may pose a threat to human health, it is in great demand to construct an effective method to detect and control SY. Based on the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and dual-signal output mode, a ratiometric molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor (RMIECs) was developed for sensitive detection of SY. AuNPs not only provided a large specific surface area to enhance the electron transfer rate but also served as a reference signal (S1), together with SY signal (S2), to produce dual signals. For a proof-of-application study, RMIECs was applied to detect SY with a wide linear range from 10 nM to 100 μM and a low detection limit (LOD) of 1.60 nM (S/N = 3, n = 3). Besides, the method was applied in spiked food samples with recoveries of 94.0 ∼ 97.0 % as well as relative errors of 5.4 ∼ 8.3 %, revealing its promising potential in detection of SY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
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11
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Wu H, Yi M, Wu X, Ding Y, Pu M, Wen L, Cheng Y, Zhang W, Mu W. Engineering the thermostability of d-lyxose isomerase from Caldanaerobius polysaccharolyticus via multiple computer-aided rational design for efficient synthesis of d-mannose. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:323-330. [PMID: 37168606 PMCID: PMC10165151 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
d-Mannose is an attractive functional sugar that exhibits many physiological benefits on human health. The demand for low-calorie sugars and sweeteners in foods are increasingly available on the market. Some sugar isomerases, such as d-lyxose isomerase (d-LIase), can achieve an isomerization reaction between d-mannose and d-fructose. However, the weak thermostability of d-LIase limits its efficient conversion from d-fructose to d-mannose. Nonetheless, few studies are available that have investigated the molecular modification of d-LIase to improve its thermal stability. In this study, computer-aided tools including FireProt, PROSS, and Consensus Finder were employed to jointly design d-LIase mutants with improved thermostability for the first time. Finally, the obtained five-point mutant M5 (N21G/E78P/V58Y/C119Y/K170P) showed high thermal stability and catalytic activity. The half-life of M5 at 65 °C was 10.22 fold, and the catalytic efficiency towards 600 g/L of d-fructose was 2.6 times to that of the wild type enzyme, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation and intramolecular forces analysis revealed a thermostability mechanism of highly rigidity conformation, newly formed hydrogen bonds and π-cation interaction between and within protein domains, and redistributed surface electrostatic charges for the mutant M5. This research provided a promising d-LIase mutant for the industrial production of d-mannose from d-fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ming Yi
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Yating Ding
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Minghui Pu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Yunhui Cheng
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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12
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The role of PhoP/PhoQ system in regulating stress adaptation response in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Microbiol 2023; 112:104244. [PMID: 36906298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of acid tolerance response (ATR) as a result of low pH in Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) contaminating beef during processing is considered a major food safety concern. Thus, in order to explore the formation and molecular mechanisms of the tolerance response of E. coli O157:H7 in a simulated beef processing environment, the resistance of a wild-type (WT) strain and its corresponding ΔphoP mutant to acid, heat, and osmotic pressure was evaluated. Strains were pre-adapted under different conditions of pH (5.4 and 7.0), temperature (37 °C and 10 °C), and culture medium (meat extract and Luria-Bertani broth media). In addition, the expression of genes related to stress response and virulence was also investigated among WT and ΔphoP strains under the tested conditions. Pre-acid adaptation increased the resistance of E. coli O157:H7 to acid and heat treatment while resistance to osmotic pressure decreased. Moreover, acid adaptation in meat extract medium simulating slaughter environment increased ATR, whereas pre-adaptation at 10 °C reduced the ATR. Furthermore, it was shown that mildly acidic conditions (pH = 5.4) and the PhoP/PhoQ two-component system (TCS) acted synergistically to enhance acid and heat tolerance in E. coli O157:H7. Additionally, the expression of genes related to arginine and lysine metabolism, heat shock, and invasiveness was up-regulated, which revealed that the mechanism of acid resistance and cross-protection under mildly acidic conditions was mediated by the PhoP/PhoQ TCS. Both acid adaptation and phoP gene knockout reduced the relative expression of stx1 and stx2 genes which were considered as critical pathogenic factors. Collectively, the current findings indicated that ATR could occur in E. coli O157:H7 during beef processing. Thus, there is an increased food safety risk due to the persistence of tolerance response in the following processing conditions. The present study provides a more comprehensive basis for the effective application of hurdle technology in beef processing.
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Džupponová V, Tomášková N, Antošová A, Sedlák E, Žoldák G. Salt-Specific Suppression of the Cold Denaturation of Thermophilic Multidomain Initiation Factor 2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076787. [PMID: 37047761 PMCID: PMC10094840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic proteins and enzymes are attractive for use in industrial applications due to their resistance against heat and denaturants. Here, we report on a thermophilic protein that is stable at high temperatures (Ttrs, hot 67 °C) but undergoes significant unfolding at room temperature due to cold denaturation. Little is known about the cold denaturation of thermophilic proteins, although it can significantly limit their applications. We investigated the cold denaturation of thermophilic multidomain protein translation initiation factor 2 (IF2) from Thermus thermophilus. IF2 is a GTPase that binds to ribosomal subunits and initiator fMet-tRNAfMet during the initiation of protein biosynthesis. In the presence of 9 M urea, measurements in the far-UV region by circular dichroism were used to capture details about the secondary structure of full-length IF2 protein and its domains during cold and hot denaturation. Cold denaturation can be suppressed by salt, depending on the type, due to the decreased heat capacity. Thermodynamic analysis and mathematical modeling of the denaturation process showed that salts reduce the cooperativity of denaturation of the IF2 domains, which might be associated with the high frustration between domains. This characteristic of high interdomain frustration may be the key to satisfying numerous diverse contacts with ribosomal subunits, translation factors, and tRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Džupponová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Nataša Tomášková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Antošová
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Erik Sedlák
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park P.J. Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Žoldák
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park P.J. Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Cassovia New Industry Cluster, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
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Mesoporous Polymeric Ionic Liquid via Confined Polymerization for Laccase Immobilization towards Efficient Degradation of Phenolic Pollutants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062569. [PMID: 36985542 PMCID: PMC10059984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccase immobilization is a promising method that can be used for the recyclable treatment of refractory phenolic pollutants (e.g., chlorophenols) under mild conditions, but the method is still hindered by the trade-off limits of supports in terms of their high specific surface area and rich functional groups. Herein, confined polymerization was applied to create abundant amino-functionalized polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) featuring a highly specific surface area and mesoporous structure for chemically immobilizing laccase. Benefiting from this strategy, the specific surface area of the as-synthesized PILs was significantly increased by 60-fold, from 5 to 302 m2/g. Further, a maximum activity recovery of 82% towards laccase was recorded. The tolerance and circulation of the immobilized laccase under harsh operating conditions were significantly improved, and the immobilized laccase retained more than 84% of its initial activity after 15 days. After 10 cycles, the immobilized laccase was still able to maintain 80% of its activity. Compared with the free laccase, the immobilized laccase exhibited enhanced stability in the biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), recording around 80% (seven cycles) efficiency. It is proposed that the synergistic effect between PILs and laccase plays an important role in the enhancement of stability and activity in phenolic pollutant degradation. This work provides a strategy for the development of synthetic methods for PILs and the improvement of immobilized laccase stability.
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Alteration of Chain-Length Selectivity and Thermostability of Rhizopus oryzae Lipase via Virtual Saturation Mutagenesis Coupled with Disulfide Bond Design. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0187822. [PMID: 36602359 PMCID: PMC9888275 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01878-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) is one of the most important enzymes used in the food, biofuel, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the highly demanding conditions of industrial processes can reduce its stability and activity. To seek a feasible method to improve both the catalytic activity and the thermostability of this lipase, first, the structure of ROL was divided into catalytic and noncatalytic regions by identifying critical amino acids in the crevice-like binding pocket. Second, a mutant screening library aimed at improvement of ROL catalytic performance by virtual saturation mutagenesis of residues in the catalytic region was constructed based on Rosetta's Cartesian_ddg protocol. A double mutant, E265V/S267W (with an E-to-V change at residue 265 and an S-to-W change at residue 267), with markedly improved catalytic activity toward diverse chain-length fatty acid esters was identified. Then, computational design of disulfide bonds was conducted for the noncatalytic amino acids of E265V/S267W, and two potential disulfide bonds, S61C-S115C and E190C-E238C, were identified as candidates. Experimental data validated that the variant E265V/S267W/S61C-S115C/E190C-E238C had superior stability, with an increase of 8.5°C in the melting temperature and a half-life of 31.7 min at 60°C, 4.2-fold longer than that of the wild-type enzyme. Moreover, the variant improved the lipase activity toward five 4-nitrophenyl esters by 1.5 to 3.8 times, exhibiting a potential to modify the catalytic efficiency. IMPORTANCE Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) is very attractive in biotechnology and industry as a safe and environmentally friendly biocatalyst. Functional expression of ROL in Escherichia coli facilitates effective high-throughput screening for positive variants. This work highlights a method to improve both selectivity and thermostability based on a combination of virtual saturation mutagenesis in the substrate pocket and disulfide bond prediction in the noncatalytic region. Using the method, ROL thermostability and activity to diverse 4-nitrophenyl esters could be substantially improved. The strategy of rational introduction of multiple mutations in different functional domains of the enzyme is a great prospect in the modification of biocatalysts.
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Hu J, Chen X, Zhang L, Zhou J, Xu G, Ni Y. Engineering the Thermostability of a d-Carbamoylase Based on Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction for the Efficient Synthesis of d-Tryptophan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:660-670. [PMID: 36541894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Employing ancestral sequence reconstruction and consensus sequence analysis, the thermostability of a novel d-carbamoylase derived from Nitratireductor indicus (NiHyuC) was engineered through greedy-oriented iterative combinatorial mutagenesis. A mutant S202P/E208D/R277L (M4Th3) was obtained with significantly elevated thermostability. M4Th3 has a half-life of 36.5 h at 40 °C, about 28.5 times of 1.3 h of its parent M4. For the reaction at 40 °C, M4Th3 can catalyze 10 mM N-carbamoyl-d-tryptophan to produce d-tryptophan with a conversion ratio of 96.4% after 12 h, which is significantly higher than 64.1% of M4. MD simulation reveals that new hydrogen bonds emerging from E208D on the surface can increase the hydrophobicity of the protein, leading to improved stability. More importantly, R277L could contribute to enhanced interface stability of homodimeric M4. This study provides a thermostable d-carbamoylase for the "hydantoinase process", which has potential in the industrial synthesis of optically pure natural and non-natural amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Hu
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guochao Xu
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Ni
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, China
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Ru WJ, Xia BB, Zhang YX, Yang JW, Zhang HB, Hu XQ. Development of thermostable dextranase from Streptococcus mutans (SmdexTM) through in silico design employing B-factor and Cartesian-ΔΔG. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:142-151. [PMID: 36343755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The thermal stability of enzymes dramatically limits their application in the industrial field. Based on the crystal structure, we conducted a semi-rational design according to the B-factor and free energy values to improve the stability of dextranase from Streptococcus mutans (SmdexTM). The B-factor values of Asn102, Asn503, Asp501 and Asp500 were the highest predicted by B-FITTER. Then Rosetta was used to simulate the saturation mutations of Asn102, Asn503, Asp501 and Asp500. The mutated amino acid was designed according to the change of acG. The results showed that the thermal stability of N102P, N102C, D500G, and D500T was improved, and the half-lives of N102P/D500G and N102P/D500T at 45 °C were increased to 3.14 times and 2.44 times, respectively. Analyzing the interaction of amino acids by using Discovery Studio 4.5, it was observed that the thermal stability of dextranase was improved due to the increase in hydrophobicity and the number of hydrogen bonds of the mutant enzyme. The catalytic efficiency of N102P/D500T was increased. Compared with the hydrolyzed products of SmdexTM, the mutant enzymes do not change the specificity of hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Juan Ru
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China
| | - Bing-Bing Xia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China.
| | - Xue-Qin Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China.
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18
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Wang K, Lin X, Zhang M, Li Y, Luo C, Wu J. Review of Electrochemical Biosensors for Food Safety Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110959. [PMID: 36354467 PMCID: PMC9688552 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Food safety issues are directly related to people's quality of life, so there is a need to develop efficient and reliable food contaminants' detection devices to ensure the safety and quality of food. Electrochemical biosensors have the significant advantages of miniaturization, low cost, high sensitivity, high selectivity, rapid detection, and low detection limits using small amounts of samples, which are expected to enable on-site analysis of food products. In this paper, the latest electrochemical biosensors for the detection of biological contaminants, chemical contaminants, and genetically modified crops are reviewed based on the analytes of interest, electrode materials and modification methods, electrochemical methods, and detection limits. This review shows that electrochemical biosensors are poised to provide miniaturized, specific, selective, fast detection, and high-sensitivity sensor platforms for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaogang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Maoxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chunfeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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19
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Enhanced Thermal Stability of Polyphosphate-Dependent Glucomannokinase by Directed Evolution. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphate-dependent glucomannokinase (PPGMK) is able to utilize inorganic polyphosphate to synthesize mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) instead of highly costly ATP. This enzyme was modified and designed by combining error-prone PCR (EP-PCR) and site-directed saturation mutagenesis. Two mutants, H92L/A138V and E119V, were screened out from the random mutation library, and we used site-specific saturation mutations to find the optimal amino acid at each site. Finally, we found the optimal combination mutant, H92K/E119R. The thermal stability of H92K/E119R increased by 5.4 times at 50 °C, and the half-life at 50 °C increased to 243 min. Moreover, the enzyme activity of H92K/E119R increased to 16.6 U/mg, and its enzyme activity is twice that of WT. We analyzed the structure of the mutant using molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the shortening of the hydrogen bond distance and the formation of salt bridges can firmly connect the α-helix and β-sheet and improve the stability of the PPGMK structure.
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Zhang X, Li W, Pan L, Yang L, Li H, Ji F, Zhang Y, Tang H, Yang D. Improving the thermostability of alginate lyase FlAlyA with high expression by computer-aided rational design for industrial preparation of alginate oligosaccharides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1011273. [PMID: 36159669 PMCID: PMC9490058 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1011273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FlAlyA, a PL7 alginate lyase with industrial potential, is widely applied in the preparation the alginate oligosaccharide because of its high activity of degradation the alginate. However, heat inactivation still limits the industrial application of FlAlyA. To further enhance its thermostability, a group of mutants were designed, according to evaluating the B-factor value and free energy change via computer-aided calculation. 25 single-point mutants and one double-points mutant were carried out by site-directed mutagenesis. The optimal two single-point mutants H176D and H71K showed 1.20 and 0.3°C increases in the values of Tm, while 7.58 and 1.73 min increases in the values of half-life (t1/2) at 50°C, respectively, compared with that of the wild-type enzyme. Interestingly, H71K exhibits the comprehensive improvement than WT, including expression level, thermal stability and specific activity. In addition, the mechanism of these two mutants is speculated by multiple sequence alignment, structural basis and molecular dynamics simulation, which is likely to be involved in the formation of new hydrogen bonds and decrease the SASA of the mutants. These results indicate that B-factor is an efficient approach to improves the thermostability of alginate lyase composed of β-sheet unit. Furthermore, the highest yield of the mutant reached about 650 mg/L, which was nearly 36 times that of previous studies. The high expression, excellent activity and good thermal stability make FlAlyA a potential candidate for the industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Viticulture and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lixia Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liyan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Institute of Medicine and Health Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yunkai Zhang, ; Hongzhen Tang, ; Dengfeng Yang,
| | - Hongzhen Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Yunkai Zhang, ; Hongzhen Tang, ; Dengfeng Yang,
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yunkai Zhang, ; Hongzhen Tang, ; Dengfeng Yang,
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Hunt for α-amylase from metagenome and strategies to improve its thermostability: a systematic review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:203. [PMID: 35999473 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of green chemistry, the use of enzymes in industrial processes serves as an alternative to the conventional chemical catalysts. A high demand for sustainable processes for catalysis has brought a significant attention to hunt for novel enzymes. Among various hydrolases, the α-amylase has a gamut of biotechnological applications owing to its pivotal role in starch-hydrolysis. Industrial demand requires enzymes with thermostability and to ameliorate this crucial property, various methods such as protein engineering, directed evolution and enzyme immobilisation strategies are devised. Besides the traditional culture-dependent approach, metagenome from uncultured bacteria serves as a bountiful resource for novel genes/biocatalysts. Exploring the extreme-niches metagenome, advancements in protein engineering and biotechnology tools encourage the mining of novel α-amylase and its stable variants to tap its robust biotechnological and industrial potential. This review outlines α-amylase and its genetics, its catalytic domain architecture and mechanism of action, and various molecular methods to ameliorate its production. It aims to impart understanding on mechanisms involved in thermostability of α-amylase, cover strategies to screen novel genes from futile habitats and some molecular methods to ameliorate its properties.
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