1
|
Lu M, Liu M, Pang F, Peng T, Liu Y, Wen J. Stumbling Block in Providing Physical Activity Support Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2502-2512. [PMID: 37171768 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) benefits children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Evidence suggests that some barriers impede parents from providing PA support for their children with ASD. Parental perceived stigma is one of these barriers. However, few studies have explored how parental perceived stigma influences parental PA support. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental perceived stigma and parental PA support, the mediating role of parental self-efficacy, and the moderating effect of having other typically developing children or not. A total of 274 participants were recruited to participate in the study. The results showed that parental self-efficacy mediated the association between parental perceived stigma and parental PA support and the moderating effect of having other typically developing children or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Lu
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Liu
- School of Special Education, Yuzhang Normal University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Pang
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Peng
- Special Education Department, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Wen
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Street, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma Z, Fu W, Gu P, Siting H, Liujing Y, Zhou W. Parental Perception of the Importance of Friendship and Other Educational Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2012-2025. [PMID: 36961612 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examined parental perception of the importance of friendship and five other educational outcomes from 101 Chinese parents of children with autism spectrum disorders between the ages of 3 and 12 years. Results showed Chinese parents considered friendship less important than social skills, emotional development, and physical skills and motor development. Unlike the results from previous studies, Chinese parents ranked friendship as the second least important outcome. Children's age rather than educational setting impacted parental perceptions. The findings suggested cultural contexts may have influenced parental perceptions of the importance of different educational outcomes, and future research on the influence of cultural contexts is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Ma
- Department of Special Education, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
| | - Wangqian Fu
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Peidi Gu
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - He Siting
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yang Liujing
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith J, Rabba AS, Cong L, Datta P, Dresens E, Hall G, Heyworth M, Lawson W, Lee P, Lilley R, Syeda N, Ma E, Wang J, Wang R, Yeow CT, Pellicano E. "They Were Saying That I Was a Typical Chinese Mum" : Chinese Parents' Experiences of Parent-Teacher Partnerships for Their Autistic Children. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4888-4900. [PMID: 36149615 PMCID: PMC9510549 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective parent-teacher partnerships improve outcomes for autistic students. Yet, we know little about what effective partnerships look like for parents of autistic children from different backgrounds. We conducted interviews with 17 Chinese parents of autistic children attending Australian kindergartens/schools to understand their experiences. Parents appreciated the acceptance, opportunities and supports they received in Australia. They had high expectations of children; expectations not often shared by educators. Parents were respectful of teachers' expertise and polite and undemanding in interactions. Nevertheless, parents were frustrated by inconsistent teaching quality and inadequate communication. Navigating systems was also challenging and parents faced discrimination from teachers and their community. Recommendations include fostering open home-school communication, proactively seeking parents' expertise about children and explicitly scaffolding parents' self-advocacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Smith
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Aspasia Stacey Rabba
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lin Cong
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Poulomee Datta
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Gabrielle Hall
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Heyworth
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Reframing Autism, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wenn Lawson
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rozanna Lilley
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Emily Ma
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Wang
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rena Wang
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chong Tze Yeow
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gu L, Ding H. A bibliometric analysis of media coverage of mental disorders between 2002 and 2022. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1719-1729. [PMID: 37039845 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental disorders are a public health concern with media as a primary source of information. This study aims to present current research on how the media reports mental disorders. METHODS This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 130 published studies on media coverage of mental disorders, focusing on the research themes and research trends of the published studies. RESULTS The results show that media coverage of mental disorders was generally negative and influenced by socio-demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, and cultural values). Results also show that social media was becoming crucial for mental health communication. CONCLUSION Media worsen the stigma against those with mental disorders, continuing prejudice and discrimination. The field has shifted from traditional media to social media, and from general to specific mental disorder descriptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Zhai F, Wang Y. Interplay between Tradition and Modernity: Stress and Coping Experiences among Parents of Children with Autism in Beijing, China. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:814. [PMID: 37887464 PMCID: PMC10603968 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese culture, specific beliefs and values can influence parents' experiences of stress and coping while raising children with autism. However, as China undergoes rapid social changes amid globalization, are these cultural influences still significant for today's parents of young children with autism? This study delves into this question through 12 in-depth interviews with parents of children with autism in Beijing. Content analysis indicated that while influences from traditional culture remain, modern parents often diverge from them. They adopt Western views on autism to mitigate stigma, establish boundaries with grandparents to ensure effective early interventions, address imbalanced professional dynamics, adjust authoritarian parenting styles, and broaden their social networks. A mix of traditional and contemporary parenting characterizes their experiences. The discussion elaborates on the findings, emphasizing the importance of family support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Wang
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Social Governance Research Center, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fuhua Zhai
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Social Work, China Youth University of Political Studies, Beijing 100089, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jawed A, Graham H, Smith J. Digital trends in autism: a scoping review exploring coverage of autism across YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1222187. [PMID: 37829593 PMCID: PMC10565484 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1222187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism continues to be a leading neurodevelopmental disorder across adult and pediatric populations that transcends racial, ethnic, age, and socioeconomic groups worldwide. Autism care and treatment also exerts immense costs on the healthcare system and lost productivity which are partly attributed to the existing resource limitations globally. Organizations, campaigns, and policies exist worldwide in increasing equity and accessibility of resources and services to individuals with autism. In the context of our digital era, a wealth of information is also more readily available on autism through electronic communication including social media platforms. As YouTube, Twitter and Facebook are ever-growing and among the leading social media platforms in contemporary times, examination of content covered on autism across these communication mediums is timely and warranted. This review consolidates findings from 32 sources on the sources, formats, and nature of content covered on YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook pertaining to a wealth of dimensions surrounding autism. Strengths and limitations of the studies and endeavors are presented. Implications for future campaign development, health equity, health policy, neurodiversity, and patient care are also delineated. Lastly, recommendations for future research and practice are discussed which present directions for tapping into the potential of YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook as health communication mediums across the ever-changing autism landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Jawed
- Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatric Social Work, Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Heather Graham
- Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer Smith
- Infant Neurodevelopment Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Fisher KR. Struggle for recognition, rights, and redistribution: Understanding the identity of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in China. Front Psychol 2023; 13:981986. [PMID: 36704690 PMCID: PMC9871837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.981986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) worldwide has increased rapidly in the past decade and China is no exception. Yet the identity development of Chinese parents of children with ASD is little understood. This study employed an ethics of care perspective to explore the identity of parents of children with ASD as shaped in their social-cultural context in mainland China. Methods Qualitatively driven mixed-method design was adopted. Qualitative data about their experiences were obtained from in-depth interviews with 20 parents from 17 families of children with ASD in Beijing and participant observation of 9 participants' daily parenting experience. Results A complex and dynamic parenting identity was revealed. With limited recognition within and external to the family, parents experienced constant challenges toward their sense of self. The parents used strategies to assert their rights as carers and develop positive self-perceptions. Yet because of the unjust distribution of care work within families and with the state, the parents retained a sense of insecurity throughout the process of parenting. The parents' sense of inferiority due to devaluing children with disabilities was accentuated by traditional Chinese cultural values about good parenting. They were intensely worried about the lack of policy for support as they and their children grew older. Discussion The findings reinforce the need for recognition of parents' dignity, capacity, and efforts in caring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Sociology, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Ying Liu, ✉
| | - Karen R. Fisher
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Voldby KG, Hellström LC, Berg ME, Eplov LF. Structural discrimination against people with mental illness; a scoping review. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
9
|
Karaminis T, Gabrielatos C, Maden-Weinberger U, Beattie G. Portrayals of autism in the British press: A corpus-based study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 27:1092-1114. [PMID: 36317371 PMCID: PMC10108331 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221131752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Press representations of autism and autistic people both reflect and help shape public attitudes towards autism and neurodiversity and may establish critical barriers to social integration for autistic individuals. This study examined such representations in UK newspapers in the period 2011–2020 using a corpus-based approach. It also considered how press representations changed over time and differed with regard to reporting style (tabloids vs broadsheets) and political orientation (left- vs right-leaning). We created the Autism UK Press Corpus, which included all documents (~24K) referring to autism in 10 national newspapers. We used document counts (normalised by newspaper size) to assess the ‘newsworthiness’ of autism. We also employed a synergy of corpus-based and critical-discourse-analysis methodologies to study lexicogrammatical patterns and uncover explicit and implicit attitudes towards autism. Our results showed that the coverage of autism increased slightly over time, especially in broadsheets and left-leaning newspapers. Newspapers emphasised adversities associated with autism, often used negative language, and tended to focus on boys. These representations shifted gradually towards more difference-based descriptions and included more diverse age/gender groups, especially in broadsheets and left-leaning newspapers. We discuss the broad implications of these findings for the autism community and those interested in a more inclusive society. Lay abstract Any thriving society must recognise, accept and celebrate all of its diverse talent. But how accepting is British society towards autism and autistic people? This research addressed this question through the lens of the press since the press both reflects and helps shape public attitudes towards various social categories. We used specialised ‘corpus-based’ methods to carry out a large-scale study, which examined all articles referring to autism or autistic people in 10 national British newspapers in the period 2011–2020. We first investigated how often newspapers referred to autism. We found that the coverage of autism increased slightly over the years, suggesting that autism was becoming an increasingly newsworthy topic. Furthermore, the rise in autism coverage differed considerably between individual newspapers: it was more pronounced in the broadsheets than tabloids, and in left-leaning than right-leaning newspapers. But what was the focus of these articles? We found that newspapers emphasised the adversities associated with autism and portrayed autism with a lot of negative language. Newspapers also tended to focus on autistic children, and particularly on boys. There were some signs of change in more recent years, with some newspapers now representing autism as a difference and, in addition, referring to more diverse groups of autistic people. However, these changes tended to be confined to broadsheets and left-leaning newspapers. Our findings suggest that representations of autism in the contemporary British press are skewed towards stereotypically negative views, which may well hinder the acceptance of autism and the fostering of a more inclusive society.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuang K, Zhao X, Basnyat I, He T. From Offline to Online: Understanding Chinese Single Mothers' Uncertainty Management in Interpersonal and Online Contexts. Front Psychol 2022; 13:845760. [PMID: 35602739 PMCID: PMC9120956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.845760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Divorced and unwed single motherhood is heavily stigmatized in Chinese cultural context, preventing Chinese single mothers from actively seeking the information and support needed and negatively impacting their wellbeing. Drawing on the theory of motivated information management (TMIM), this study tested how perceived stigma and cultural norms influenced Chinese single mothers’ search for information and social support from families, friends as well as from online communities. Using two-wave data collected from 226 single mothers, findings support the utility of the TMIM in explaining information management and support seeking behaviors and contribute to situating the TMIM process within larger socio-cultural contexts. Practical implications regarding how to facilitate more effective uncertainty management and enhance Chinese single mothers’ wellbeing in interpersonal vs. online contexts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kuang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Iccha Basnyat
- Global Affairs Program, Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Tianping He
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Turnock A, Langley K, Jones CR. Understanding Stigma in Autism: A Narrative Review and Theoretical Model. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2022; 4:76-91. [PMID: 36605561 PMCID: PMC8992913 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2021.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The experience of stigma by autistic people is relatively understudied, despite contributing to a range of poor outcomes and having an overarching impact on well-being. The current review of the literature synthesizes research to determine what is currently known and presents a theoretical model of autism stigma. Autism stigma is primarily influenced by a public and professional understanding of autism in combination with interpretation of visible autistic traits. Moderating factors include the quality and quantity of contact with autistic people, cultural factors, sex and gender, individual differences, and diagnostic disclosure. Stigma can reduce well-being as well as increase the presence of camouflaging behaviors, which mask autistic traits. Caregivers of autistic people can experience stigma by association, that is, affiliate stigma, which can impact their own well-being. A variety of interventions and approaches to reduce stigma are discussed, including "autism friendly" spaces, positive media representation, educational and psychosocial training for the public and professionals, as well as cultural and systemic shifts that foster inclusivity and recognize neurodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Turnock
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Langley
- Wales Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine R.G. Jones
- Wales Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Address correspondence to: Catherine R.G. Jones, PhD, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oduyemi AY, Okafor IP, Eze UT, Akodu BA, Roberts AA. Internalization of stigma among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in Nigeria: a mixed method study. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:182. [PMID: 34802470 PMCID: PMC8607563 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) has uniquely stigmatizing aspects because children with ASD have no physical markers of their condition. Parents are usually blamed and judgment from others is often internalized (felt stigma). Aim This study was conducted to determine knowledge about ASD, negative experiences (enacted stigma), internalization of stigma (felt or self stigma) and its correlates among parents of children with ASD in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 230 parents in Lagos, Nigeria employing mixed-method data collection methods. Quantitative data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed with Epi- Info™ version 7.0 statistical package. Data were summarized with proportions, mean and standard deviation. Chi square and Spearman’s correlation tests were done, and the level of significance was pre-determined at 5% (p < 0.05). In-depth interviews were also conducted among six parents to further explore the topic. The interviews were analyzed narratively. Results The proportion of mothers and fathers were 175 (76.1%) and 55 (23.9%) respectively. The mean age of respondents was 42 ± 8.5 years. Overall knowledge of ASD was very poor as only 3(1.3%) had good knowledge. Overall, 122(53%) usually had negative experience of parenting a child with ASD (enacted stigma), mothers (17.1%) more than fathers (9.1%). Majority 192(83.5%) internalized stigma. There was a low–moderate correlation between ‘enacted’ stigma and ‘internalized’ stigma (ρ- 0.400, p < 0.001). From in-depth interviews, many parents revealed that their child’s condition had negative effects on the family. Many also recounted negative experience of stigma.
Conclusion Overall, parents of children with ASD had poor knowledge of the condition. Majority internalized stigma and this increases with negative treatment from others. Parents should be properly educated about ASD. Community-based education to increase awareness about ASD in addition to encouraging people to show empathy and reduce stigmatizing behaviour towards parents of children with ASD are recommended.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00687-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aminat Y Oduyemi
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma P Okafor
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Ugochukwu T Eze
- Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde A Akodu
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alero A Roberts
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fontes R, Pino-Juste M. Portrayals of autism and social awareness: a scoping review. ADVANCES IN AUTISM 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/aia-02-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to look at recent trends in scientific literature on the portrayal of autism in published and broadcast media and social awareness of the subject.
Design/methodology/approach
A bibliometric analysis of content of such publications was performed.
Findings
Results show that portrayals of autism from books, newspapers, news broadcasts, films and TV series are being scrutinized. Research focuses on the social categories of resulting stereotypes, the quality of such depictions, the benefits and downsides, stigmatization of individuals (with autism) and how society responds to these portrayals.
Originality/value
It is important to understand if media portrayals of autism are creating a realistic and constructive awareness of autism in society.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zou W, Tang L, Bie B. The stigmatization of suicide: A study of stories told by college students in China. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2035-2045. [PMID: 34323165 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1958396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study unpacks the dimensions of suicide stigma through an analysis of the stories told by college students in China. The phronetic iterative approach was used to analyze the interview data of 30 college students. Findings showed that college students use the strategy of othering in creating a distinction between us and them. Those who attempt or die by suicide are labeled as irresponsible, fragile, impulsive, and attention-seeking. Suicides of ingroup members are usually described as controllable, while the suicides of outgroup members are often deemed uncontrollable. Finally, suicides lead to a status loss for individuals and their social groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Zou
- Department of Communication, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Communication, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bijie Bie
- Independent Scholar, San Jose, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Soffer M, Argaman-Danos S. Self-labeling, perceived stigma toward autism spectrum disorder, and self-esteem and the change in autism nosology. Disabil Health J 2021; 14:101162. [PMID: 34229978 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the DSM-5 came into force, individuals previously diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome (AS) were newly labeled as having autism spectrum disorder (ASD), raising concerns about the exacerbation of stigma toward individuals with AS. OBJECTIVE This study explored: (a) the self-labeling among people previously diagnosed with AS; (b) the correlation among self-labeling, perceived public stigma (PPS) toward ASD, and self-esteem among people with AS; and (c) whether self-labeling mediates the relationship of PPS with ASD and self-esteem. METHODS A convenience sample of 89 individuals previously diagnosed with AS completed anonymous online questionnaires. RESULTS Most participants self-labeled as people with AS. Self-labeling was not significantly correlated with PPS or self-esteem. Self-labeling did not mediate the correlation between PPS and self-esteem; PPS was directly correlated with self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Our study's findings suggest that stigma and language are not necessarily connected. This implies that rehabilitation and health care professionals should not assume that language perpetuates stigma, but rather that stigma-both among the public and as perceived by people with ASD-should be the focus of intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Soffer
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Hushi Blvd., Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
| | - Shay Argaman-Danos
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Hushi Blvd., Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Skafle I, Gabarron E, Dechsling A, Nordahl-Hansen A. Online Attitudes and Information-Seeking Behavior on Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and Greta Thunberg. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094981. [PMID: 34067114 PMCID: PMC8124294 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine Internet trends data and sentiment in tweets mentioning autism, Asperger syndrome, and Greta Thunberg during 2019. We used mixed methods in analyzing sentiment and attitudes in viral tweets and collected 1074 viral tweets on autism that were published in 2019 (tweets that got more than 100 likes). The sample from Twitter was compared with search patterns on Google. In 2019, Asperger syndrome was closely connected to Greta Thunberg, as of the tweets specifically mentioning Asperger (from the total sample of viral tweets mentioning autism), 83% also mentioned Thunberg. In the sample of tweets about Thunberg, the positive sentiment expressed that Greta Thunberg was a role model, whereas the tweets that expressed the most negativity used her diagnosis against her and could be considered as cyberbullying. The Google Trends data also showed that Thunberg was closely connected to search patterns on Asperger syndrome in 2019. The study showed that being open about health information while being an active participant in controversial debates might be used against you but also help break stigmas and stereotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingjerd Skafle
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Østfold University College, 1671 Kråkerøy, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-(48)-12-7933
| | - Elia Gabarron
- Faculty of Education, Østfold University College, 1757 Halden, Norway; (E.G.); (A.D.); (A.N.-H.)
- Norwegian Centre for E-Health Research, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Dechsling
- Faculty of Education, Østfold University College, 1757 Halden, Norway; (E.G.); (A.D.); (A.N.-H.)
| | - Anders Nordahl-Hansen
- Faculty of Education, Østfold University College, 1757 Halden, Norway; (E.G.); (A.D.); (A.N.-H.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Examining the Effectiveness of WhatsApp-Based Spiritual Posts on Mitigating Stress and Building Resilience, Maternal Confidence and Self-efficacy Among Mothers of Children with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:1479-1495. [PMID: 32734420 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Spiritual posts delivered via WhatsApp were found effective for mothers of children with ASD in mitigating parenting stress and building parental self-efficacy, confidence and resilience as compared to a control group. Intervention compliance was a prerequisite, and, middle-class mothers, highly qualified, salaried/self-employed, who perceived full support from their spouses/families and who also participated in other support groups or skill development programs benefitted most. Latent class analyses revealed six subgroups of participants likely to gain most from the intervention: middle class mothers, highly qualified, salaried/self-employed, who participated in other skill development programs, above threshold posts readers and homework doers. Spirituality built mothers' psychological resources, but dyadic interventions may be needed for dealing with challenges and uncertainties of autistic child's emotional/behavioral characteristics.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou H, Xu X, Yan W, Zou X, Wu L, Luo X, Li T, Huang Y, Guan H, Chen X, Mao M, Xia K, Zhang L, Li E, Ge X, Zhang L, Li C, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ding D, Shih A, Fombonne E, Zheng Y, Han J, Sun Z, Jiang YH, Wang Y. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in China: A Nationwide Multi-center Population-based Study Among Children Aged 6 to 12 Years. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:961-971. [PMID: 32607739 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Chinese children. We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling. The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process. Of the target population of 142,086 children, 88.5% (n = 125,806) participated in the study. A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD. The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29% (95% CI: 0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population. After adjustment for response rates, the estimated number of ASD cases was 867 in the target population sample, thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70% (95% CI: 0.64%-0.74%). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls (0.95%; 95% CI: 0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%; 95% CI: 0.26%-0.34%; P < 0.001). Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases, 43.3% were newly diagnosed, and most of those (90.4%) were attending regular schools, and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity. Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiu Xu
- Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiaobing Zou
- Child Development Behavior Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Guan
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Meng Mao
- Child Health Care, Chengdu Women and Children's Hospital, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Child Health Care, Chengdu Women and Children's Hospital, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Erzhen Li
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiaoling Ge
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Chunpei Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Andy Shih
- Autism Speaks, 1 East 33rd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Jisheng Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongsheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou W, Liu D, Xiong X, Xu H. Emotional problems in mothers of autistic children and their correlation with socioeconomic status and the children's core symptoms. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16794. [PMID: 31393408 PMCID: PMC6708901 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the emotional problems (depressive and anxiety symptoms) of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and explore the role of the mother's socioeconomic status (SES) and the core symptoms of the child on the mother's emotional problems.This cross-sectional survey was performed in 180 mothers of children with ASD in Chang Sha city of China. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess the anxiety and depressive symptoms of the mothers of the autistic children. The education level and annual family income, as well as occupation, were be selected as components of the mother's SES. Autism Behaviour Checklist (ABC) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) were used for the evaluation of the core symptoms of the children. A general information questionnaire was also used. The ordinal regression was used to examine the effect of the SES and children's core symptoms on maternal emotional problems.The valid response rate was 92.7% (167 of 180 questionnaires were returned). Of the mothers studied, 72.5% and 80.2% had depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively, and 67.1% suffered from both symptoms. Mother's SES was observed to be unrelated to maternal anxiety symptoms (P >.05). Only 1 component of the SES (junior high school education level) was related to depressive symptoms (OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.80). SRS score under 115 (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.93) of autistic children was a protective factor against maternal anxiety symptoms. The borderline and mild behavioral problems (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.19-0.99; OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.22-0.94, respectively) of autistic children were protective factors against maternal depressive symptoms.Mothers of autistic children generally exhibited high levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The core symptoms of the autistic children were observed to be strongly associated with both maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms. Improvements in the core symptoms of children with ASD may help reduce maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms to some extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensu Zhou
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University
| | - Dan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiyue Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huilan Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Clark E, Zhou Z, Du L. Autism in China: Progress and challenges in addressing the needs of children and families. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21683603.2019.1570885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Clark
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Psychology, St. John’s University, Jamaica, New York, USA
| | - Lin Du
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Treweek C, Wood C, Martin J, Freeth M. Autistic people's perspectives on stereotypes: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:759-769. [PMID: 29848001 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318778286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism stereotypes can often portray autistic people in a negative way. However, few studies have looked at how autistic people think they are perceived by others, and none have specifically asked autistic people what they think the autistic stereotypes are. Semi-structured interviews with 12 autistic adults (aged between 20 and 63 years) were conducted. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, three main themes emerged from the data. These were as follows: (1) the primary stereotype is that autistic people are 'weird'; (2) autistic stereotypes have negative effects and consequences; and (3) autistic people are heterogeneous. This study makes an important and novel contribution to understanding the experience of being autistic by exploring how autistic people feel they are perceived by others and identifying some of the ways in which negative stereotypes are believed to have negative consequences for autistic people.
Collapse
|