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Gupte A, Al-Antary ET, Edwards H, Ravindranath Y, Ge Y, Taub JW. The Paradox of Myeloid Leukemia Associated with Down Syndrome. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115046. [PMID: 35483417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome constitute a distinct genetic population who has a greater risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared to their non-Down syndrome counterparts. The risk for developing solid tumors is also distinct from the non-Down syndrome population. In the case of myeloid leukemias, the process of leukemogenesis in Trisomy 21 begins in early fetal life where genetic drivers including GATA1 mutations lead to the development of the preleukemic condition, transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). Various other mutations in genes encoding cohesin, epigenetic regulators and RAS pathway can result in subsequent progression to Myeloid Leukemia associated with Down Syndrome (ML-DS). The striking paradoxical feature in the Down syndrome population is that even though there is a higher predisposition to developing AML, they are also very sensitive to chemotherapy agents, particularly cytarabine, thus accounting for the very high cure rates for ML-DS compared to AML in children without Down syndrome. Current clinical trials for ML-DS attempt to balance effective curative therapies while trying to reduce treatment-associated toxicities including infections by de-intensifying chemotherapy doses, if possible. The small proportion of patients with relapsed ML-DS have an extremely poor prognosis and require the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Gupte
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eman T Al-Antary
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Holly Edwards
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaddanapudi Ravindranath
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yubin Ge
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Discipline of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, Michigan, USA.
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Blood and immune development in human fetal bone marrow and Down syndrome. Nature 2021; 598:327-331. [PMID: 34588693 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) maintains blood and immune cell production throughout postnatal life. Haematopoiesis first emerges in human BM at 11-12 weeks after conception1,2, yet almost nothing is known about how fetal BM (FBM) evolves to meet the highly specialized needs of the fetus and newborn. Here we detail the development of FBM, including stroma, using multi-omic assessment of mRNA and multiplexed protein epitope expression. We find that the full blood and immune cell repertoire is established in FBM in a short time window of 6-7 weeks early in the second trimester. FBM promotes rapid and extensive diversification of myeloid cells, with granulocytes, eosinophils and dendritic cell subsets emerging for the first time. The substantial expansion of B lymphocytes in FBM contrasts with fetal liver at the same gestational age. Haematopoietic progenitors from fetal liver, FBM and cord blood exhibit transcriptional and functional differences that contribute to tissue-specific identity and cellular diversification. Endothelial cell types form distinct vascular structures that we show are regionally compartmentalized within FBM. Finally, we reveal selective disruption of B lymphocyte, erythroid and myeloid development owing to a cell-intrinsic differentiation bias as well as extrinsic regulation through an altered microenvironment in Down syndrome (trisomy 21).
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Al-Kershi S, Golnik R, Flasinski M, Waack K, Rasche M, Creutzig U, Dworzak M, Reinhardt D, Klusmann JH. Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis (TAM) and Myeloid Leukemia in Down Syndrome (ML-DS). KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2021; 233:267-277. [PMID: 34407551 DOI: 10.1055/a-1532-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome are at a high risk of developing transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM; synonym: TMD) or myeloid leukemia (ML-DS). While most patients with TAM are asymptomatic and go into spontaneous remission without a need for therapy, around 20% of patients die within the first six months due to TAM-related complications. Another 20-30% of patients progress from TAM to ML-DS. ML-DS patients are particularly vulnerable to therapy-associated toxicity, but the prognosis of relapsed ML-DS is extremely poor - thus, ML-DS therapy schemata must strive for a balance between appropriate efficacy (to avoid relapses) and treatment-related toxicity. This guideline presents diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for TAM and ML-DS based on the experience and results of previous clinical studies from the BFM working group, which have helped reduce the risk of early death in symptomatic TAM patients using low-dose cytarabine, and which have achieved excellent cure rates for ML-DS using intensity-reduced treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Al-Kershi
- Clinic for Pediatrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Golnik
- Clinic for Pediatrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marius Flasinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hospital Tauberbischofsheim, Tauberbischofsheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Waack
- Pediatrics III, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mareike Rasche
- Pediatrics III, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Creutzig
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Dworzak
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children's Hospital and Children's Cancer Research Institute, Wien, Austria
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Pediatrics III, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Bhatnagar N, Nizery L, Tunstall O, Vyas P, Roberts I. Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis and AML in Down Syndrome: an Update. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 11:333-41. [PMID: 27510823 PMCID: PMC5031718 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Children with constitutional trisomy 21 (Down syndrome (DS)) have a unique predisposition to develop myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS). This disorder is preceded by a transient neonatal preleukaemic syndrome, transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). TAM and ML-DS are caused by co-operation between trisomy 21, which itself perturbs fetal haematopoiesis and acquired mutations in the key haematopoietic transcription factor gene GATA1. These mutations are found in almost one third of DS neonates and are frequently clinically and haematologcially 'silent'. While the majority of cases of TAM undergo spontaneous remission, ∼10 % will progress to ML-DS by acquiring transforming mutations in additional oncogenes. Recent advances in the unique biological, cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of TAM and ML-DS are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bhatnagar
- Children’s Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Laure Nizery
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Oliver Tunstall
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Paul O’Gorman Building, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol, BS2 8B UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
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Ayed W, Gouas L, Penault-Llorca F, Amouri A, Tchirkov A, Vago P. [Trisomy 21 and cancers]. Morphologie 2012; 96:57-66. [PMID: 23141635 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with trisomy 21, still called Down's syndrome (DS), present a particular tumoral profile compared to the general population with an increased incidence of leukaemia in the childhood and a low risk of solid cancer in the adulthood. DS children indeed present a 50-fold risk of developing a leukaemia compared to age-matched non-trisomic children and most of them develop a specific myelodysplasic disorder called transient myelodysplasic disorder. In spite of the low incidence of solid tumors, some are very rare as breast cancer, nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma, whereas the others remain more frequent as retinoblastoma, lymphoma and gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumours. In this review, we present possible mechanisms which can favour, or on the contrary repress the formation and progression of tumours in DS patients, which are related to gene effect dosage of oncogenes or tumour repressors on chromosome 21, tumour angiogenesis, apoptosis and epithelial cell-stroma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ayed
- Université Clermont 1, UFR médecine, cytologie histologie embryologie cytogénétique, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Abstract
If assessed by a number of criteria for cancer predisposition, Down's syndrome (DS) should be an overwhelmingly cancer-prone condition. Although childhood leukaemias occur more frequently in DS, paradoxically, individuals with DS have a markedly lower incidence of most solid tumours. Understanding the mechanisms that are capable of overcoming such odds could potentially open new routes for cancer prevention and therapy. In this Opinion article, we discuss recent reports that suggest unique and only partially understood mechanisms behind this paradox, including tumour repression, anti-angiogenic effects and stem cell ageing and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Nižetić
- The Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Centre for Paediatrics, and Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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The GATA1s isoform is normally down-regulated during terminal haematopoietic differentiation and over-expression leads to failure to repress MYB, CCND2 and SKI during erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:45. [PMID: 22853316 PMCID: PMC3476960 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although GATA1 is one of the most extensively studied haematopoietic transcription factors little is currently known about the physiological functions of its naturally occurring isoforms GATA1s and GATA1FL in humans—particularly whether the isoforms have distinct roles in different lineages and whether they have non-redundant roles in haematopoietic differentiation. As well as being of general interest to understanding of haematopoiesis, GATA1 isoform biology is important for children with Down syndrome associated acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (DS-AMKL) where GATA1FL mutations are an essential driver for disease pathogenesis. Methods Human primary cells and cell lines were analyzed using GATA1 isoform specific PCR. K562 cells expressing GATA1s or GATA1FL transgenes were used to model the effects of the two isoforms on in vitro haematopoietic differentiation. Results We found no evidence for lineage specific use of GATA1 isoforms; however GATA1s transcripts, but not GATA1FL transcripts, are down-regulated during in vitro induction of terminal megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation in the cell line K562. In addition, transgenic K562-GATA1s and K562-GATA1FL cells have distinct gene expression profiles both in steady state and during terminal erythroid differentiation, with GATA1s expression characterised by lack of repression of MYB, CCND2 and SKI. Conclusions These findings support the theory that the GATA1s isoform plays a role in the maintenance of proliferative multipotent megakaryocyte-erythroid precursor cells and must be down-regulated prior to terminal differentiation. In addition our data suggest that SKI may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of children with DS-AMKL.
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GATA-1 utilizes Ikaros and polycomb repressive complex 2 to suppress Hes1 and to promote erythropoiesis. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:3624-38. [PMID: 22778136 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00163-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Hairy Enhancer of Split 1 (HES1), a downstream effector of the Notch signaling pathway, is an important regulator of hematopoiesis. Here, we demonstrate that in primary erythroid cells, Hes1 gene expression is transiently repressed around proerythroblast stage of differentiation. Using mouse erythroleukemia cells, we found that the RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated depletion of HES1 enhances erythroid cell differentiation, suggesting that this protein opposes terminal erythroid differentiation. This is also supported by the decreased primary erythroid cell differentiation upon HES1 upregulation in Ikaros-deficient mice. A comprehensive analysis led us to determine that Ikaros favors Hes1 repression in erythroid cells by facilitating recruitment of the master regulator of erythropoiesis GATA-1 alongside FOG-1, which mediates Hes1 repression. GATA-1 is then necessary for the chromatin binding of the NuRD remodeling complex ATPase MI-2, the transcription factor GFI1B, and the histone H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2 along with Polycomb repressive complex 2. We show that EZH2 is required for the transient repression of Hes1 in erythroid cells. In aggregate, our results describe a mechanism whereby GATA-1 utilizes Ikaros and Polycomb repressive complex 2 to promote Hes1 repression as an important step in erythroid cell differentiation.
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Campbell PK, Zong Y, Yang S, Zhou S, Rubnitz JE, Sorrentino BP. Identification of a novel, tissue-specific ABCG2 promoter expressed in pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2011; 35:1321-9. [PMID: 21640380 PMCID: PMC3163718 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ABCG2 encodes a transporter protein that is associated with multidrug-resistant phenotypes in many cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML); high levels of expression are generally associated with a poor prognosis. To better understand how expression of ABCG2 is controlled in pediatric AML, we performed a detailed analysis of the ABCG2 transcript isoforms from a variety of tissue sources, including 85 pediatric AML samples. These studies revealed a complex 5' untranslated region (UTR) with 6 novel exons and multiple splice variants. Samples from children with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AML FAB-M7) not associated with Down syndrome showed uniformly higher levels of ABCG2 transcripts than samples from children with other AML subtypes. A novel 5' UTR identified 90kb upstream of the exon 2 translation initiation site was expressed only in M7 AML subtypes. An associated upstream promoter fragment was shown to be selectively expressed in megakaryoblastic leukemia cells but not in human epithelial cell lines. These findings identify a new tissue-specific ABCG2 promoter that is selectively expressed in pediatric M7 AML. We also show a relatively high incidence of ABCG2 mRNA expression in non-Down associated M7 AML, which may contribute to the relatively poor prognosis of the M7 AML subtype.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Flanking Region
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Adolescent
- Alternative Splicing
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Exons
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- K562 Cells
- Lentivirus
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Organ Specificity
- Pediatrics
- Prognosis
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA Stability
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K. Campbell
- Division of Leukemia/Lymphoma, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yang Zong
- Division of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shengping Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Division of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Rubnitz
- Division of Leukemia/Lymphoma, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brian P. Sorrentino
- Division of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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García P, Berlanga O, Vegiopoulos A, Vyas P, Frampton J. c-Myb and GATA-1 alternate dominant roles during megakaryocyte differentiation. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1572-81. [PMID: 21668739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors are essential for blood cell formation. Mice expressing low levels of c-Myb (c-Myb(low)) have an increased number of bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) and corresponding thrombocytosis. In contrast, mice engineered to express low levels of GATA-1 (GATA-1(low)) in the megakaryocytic lineage exhibit aberrant megakaryocytopoiesis with hyperproliferation of progenitors and defective terminal differentiation leading to thrombocytopenia. These seemingly opposite roles may affect platelet turnover and thus be of clinical relevance. OBJECTIVE To determine how these two transcription factors act together to control megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet formation. METHODS We used a combination of cellular and molecular in vitro assays to examine the ability of bone marrow cells from mice expressing low levels of both c-Myb and GATA-1 (referred to as double(low)) to produce MKs and platelets. RESULTS Double(low) cells, or those with low GATA-1 levels in which c-Myb is conditionally deleted, lack the hyperproliferative capacity of GATA-1(low) cells, allowing the cells to proceed towards more committed MKs that are, however, impaired in their capacity to produce fully differentiated cells, as confirmed by the abundance of morphologically aberrant cells that lack the ability to form proplatelets. CONCLUSION c-Myb and GATA-1 act in concert to achieve correct megakaryocytic differentiation. GATA-1 regulates both the proliferation of megakaryocytic progenitors and their terminal maturation. c-Myb also acts at the level of the progenitor by influencing its commitment to differentiation, but in contrast to GATA-1 it does not have any effect on the process of terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P García
- Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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11
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Wolgast LR, Cannizzarro LA, Ramesh KH, Xue X, Wang D, Bhattacharyya PK, Gong JZ, McMahon C, Albanese JM, Sunkara JL, Ratech H. Spectrin isoforms: differential expression in normal hematopoiesis and alterations in neoplastic bone marrow disorders. Am J Clin Pathol 2011; 136:300-8. [PMID: 21757604 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpsa5rnm9igfjf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectrins are large, rod-like, multifunctional molecules that participate in maintaining cell structure, signal transmission, and DNA repair. Because little is known about the role of spectrins in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, we immunohistochemically stained bone marrow biopsy specimens from 81 patients for αI, αII, βI, and βII spectrin isoforms in normal reactive marrow (NRM), myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasm, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with well-characterized cytogenetic abnormalities, acute erythroid leukemia (EryL), and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (MegL). In NRM, spectrin isoforms were differentially expressed according to cell lineage: αI and βI in erythroid precursors; αII and βII in granulocytes; and βI and βII in megakaryocytes. In contrast, 18 (44%) of 41 AMLs lacked αII spectrin and/or aberrantly expressed βI spectrin (P = .0398; Fisher exact test) and 5 (100%) of 5 EryLs expressed βII spectrin but lacked βI spectrin. The frequent loss and/or gain of spectrin isoforms in AMLs suggests a possible role for spectrin in leukemogenesis.
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12
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[GATA1 analysis in myeloproliferative disorders associated to trisomy 21]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2010; 74:31-7. [PMID: 20870473 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia of Down syndrome are considered different manifestations of the same disease. In most cases, transient myeloproliferative disorders require no treatment, while acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia of Down's syndrome is characterised by an increased sensitivity to chemotherapy and its treatment should be adapted with a reduction in dose intensity. Both entities share specific mutations at exón 2 of the transcription factor GATA1. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analysed biological features and GATA1 mutations in 4 patients with transient abnormal myelopoiesis (2) and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (2) including one phenotypically normal trisomy 21 mosaicism. We found abnormal GATA1 mutated clones in each case, and a specific point mutation at exón 2 was detected in three cases. Given the heterogeneous phenotype of megakaryoblastic blasts and the low percentage of blasts at presentation, the recognition of GATA1 mutations was helpful for diagnosis. In addition, molecular remission was established in 2 patients after subsequent normal mutational GATA1 analysis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that GATA1 mutational study is a useful tool for the diagnosis and management of trisomy 21 associated myeloproliferative disorders.
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13
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Fonatsch C. The role of chromosome 21 in hematology and oncology. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:497-508. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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14
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Yu M, Riva L, Xie H, Schindler Y, Moran TB, Cheng Y, Yu D, Hardison R, Weiss MJ, Orkin SH, Bernstein BE, Fraenkel E, Cantor AB. Insights into GATA-1-mediated gene activation versus repression via genome-wide chromatin occupancy analysis. Mol Cell 2009; 36:682-95. [PMID: 19941827 PMCID: PMC2800995 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA-1 is required for terminal erythroid maturation and functions as an activator or repressor depending on gene context. Yet its in vivo site selectivity and ability to distinguish between activated versus repressed genes remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed GATA-1 ChIP-seq in erythroid cells and compared it to GATA-1-induced gene expression changes. Bound and differentially expressed genes contain a greater number of GATA-binding motifs, a higher frequency of palindromic GATA sites, and closer occupancy to the transcriptional start site versus nondifferentially expressed genes. Moreover, we show that the transcription factor Zbtb7a occupies GATA-1-bound regions of some direct GATA-1 target genes, that the presence of SCL/TAL1 helps distinguish transcriptional activation versus repression, and that polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is involved in epigenetic silencing of a subset of GATA-1-repressed genes. These data provide insights into GATA-1-mediated gene regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Riva
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Huafeng Xie
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yocheved Schindler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler B. Moran
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Duonan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ross Hardison
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stuart H. Orkin
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley E. Bernstein
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, USA
| | - Alan B. Cantor
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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De Vita S, Devoy A, Groet J, Kruslin B, Kuzmić-Prusac I, Nizetić D. Megakaryocyte hyperproliferation without GATA1 mutation in foetal liver of a case of Down syndrome with hydrops foetalis. Br J Haematol 2008; 143:300-3. [PMID: 18699852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Wolff L, Ackerman SJ, Nucifora G. Meeting report: Seventh International Workshop on Molecular Aspects of Myeloid Stem Cell Development and Leukemia, Annapolis, MD, May 13-16, 2007. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:523-32. [PMID: 18295966 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wolff
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Identification of ZBP-89 as a novel GATA-1-associated transcription factor involved in megakaryocytic and erythroid development. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:2675-89. [PMID: 18250154 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01945-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A complete understanding of the transcriptional regulation of developmental lineages requires that all relevant factors be identified. Here, we have taken a proteomic approach to identify novel proteins associated with GATA-1, a lineage-restricted zinc finger transcription factor required for terminal erythroid and megakaryocytic maturation. We identify the Krüppel-type zinc finger transcription factor ZBP-89 as being a component of multiprotein complexes involving GATA-1 and its essential cofactor Friend of GATA-1 (FOG-1). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we show that GATA-1 and ZBP-89 cooccupy cis-regulatory elements of certain erythroid and megakaryocyte-specific genes, including an enhancer of the GATA-1 gene itself. Loss-of-function studies in zebrafish and mice demonstrate an in vivo requirement for ZBP-89 in megakaryopoiesis and definitive erythropoiesis but not primitive erythropoiesis, phenocopying aspects of FOG-1- and GATA-1-deficient animals. These findings identify ZBP-89 as being a novel transcription factor involved in erythroid and megakaryocytic development and suggest that it serves a cooperative function with GATA-1 and/or FOG-1 in a developmental stage-specific manner.
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De Vita S, Mulligan C, McElwaine S, Dagna-Bricarelli F, Spinelli M, Basso G, Nizetic D, Groet J. Loss-of-function JAK3 mutations in TMD and AMKL of Down syndrome. Br J Haematol 2007; 137:337-41. [PMID: 17456055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acquired mutations activating Janus kinase 3 (jak3) have been reported in Down syndrome (DS) and non-DS patients with acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL). This highlighted jak3-activation as an important event in the pathogenesis of AMKL, and predicted inhibitors of jak3 as conceptual therapeutics for AMKL. Of 16 DS-transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD)/AMKL patients tested, seven showed JAK3 mutations. Three mutations deleted the kinase (JH1) domain, abolishing the main function of jak3. Another patient displayed a mutation identical to a previously reported inherited loss-of-function causing severe combined immunodeficiency. Our data suggest that both gain-, and loss-of function mutations of jak3 can be acquired in DS-TMD/AMKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena De Vita
- Centre for Haematology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts & The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine, University of London, London, UK
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Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of significant intellectual disability in the human population, occurring in roughly 1 in 700 live births. The ultimate cause of DS is trisomy of all or part of the set of genes located on chromosome 21. How this trisomy leads to the phenotype of DS is unclear. The completion of the DNA sequencing and annotation of the long arm of chromosome 21 was a critical step towards understanding the genetics of the phenotype. However, annotation of the chromosome continues and the functions of many genes on chromosome 21 remain uncertain. Recent findings about the structure of the human genome and of chromosome 21, in particular, and studies on mechanisms of gene regulation indicate that various genetic mechanisms may be contributors to the phenotype of DS and to the variability of the phenotype. These include variability of gene expression, the activity of transcription factors both encoded on chromosome 21 and encoded elsewhere in the genome, copy number polymorphisms, the function of conserved nongenic regions, microRNA activities, RNA editing, and perhaps DNA methylation. In this manuscript, we describe current knowledge about these genetic complexities and their likely importance in the context of DS. We identify gaps in current knowledge and suggest priorities to fill these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Patterson
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
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