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Hu CS, Zheng Y, Dong GH, Glassman H, Huang C, Xuan R. Resting state default mode network is associated with wise advising. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14239. [PMID: 37648782 PMCID: PMC10468530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Default mode network (DMN) may be associated with wisdom (i.e., mature understanding of life featured by perspectival metacognition) when advising from a self-referential perspective due to the involvement of the DMN in reflecting on personal life experiences. After a resting-state functional MRI scan, 52 adults advised some youths going through life dilemmas, half from a second-person perspective and half from a third. After advising each youth, participants indicated the psychological distance they felt between themselves and the youth. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was measured in the DMN during resting states. Moreover, trained raters rated the participants' advice on wisdom criteria (i.e., metacognitive humility (MH), meta-level flexibility, and perspective-taking). The results showed that participants felt a significantly smaller psychological distance from the youth when advising from the second- than the third-person perspective. Moreover, only when advising from the second-person perspective was MH associated with ALFF in regions within the DMN (i.e., right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex). The right rostral ACC showed a significantly greater association with MH from the second- than the third-person perspective. Therefore, resting-state DMN activities may be important for self-involved wisdom performance (e.g., giving advice directly to others).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao S Hu
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Psychological Research & Education Centre, School of Humanities, Southeast University, No. 2 Southeast University Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanbin Zheng
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Harley Glassman
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chenli Huang
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ran Xuan
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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2
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Reynolds CF, Jeste DV, Sachdev PS, Blazer DG. Mental health care for older adults: recent advances and new directions in clinical practice and research. World Psychiatry 2022; 21:336-363. [PMID: 36073714 PMCID: PMC9453913 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The world's population is aging, bringing about an ever-greater burden of mental disorders in older adults. Given multimorbidities, the mental health care of these people and their family caregivers is labor-intensive. At the same time, ageism is a big problem for older people, with and without mental disorders. Positive elements of aging, such as resilience, wisdom and prosocial behaviors, need to be highlighted and promoted, both to combat stigma and to help protect and improve mental health in older adults. The positive psychiatry of aging is not an oxymoron, but a scientific construct strongly informed by research evidence. We champion a broader concept of geriatric psychiatry - one that encompasses health as well as illness. In the present paper, we address these issues in the context of four disorders that are the greatest source of years lived with disability: neurocognitive disorders, major depression, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. We emphasize the need for implementation of multidisciplinary team care, with comprehensive assessment, clinical management, intensive outreach, and coordination of mental, physical and social health services. We also underscore the need for further research into moderators and mediators of treatment response variability. Because optimal care of older adults with mental disorders is both patient-focused and family-centered, we call for further research into enhancing the well-being of family caregivers. To optimize both the safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy, further attention to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological tolerability is much needed, together with further development and testing of medications that reduce the risk for suicide. At the same time, we also address positive aging and normal cognitive aging, both as an antidote to ageism and as a catalyst for change in the way we think about aging per se and late-life mental disorders more specifically. It is in this context that we provide directions for future clinical care and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Dan G. Blazer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
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Thomas ML, Palmer BW, Lee EE, Liu J, Daly R, Tu XM, Jeste DV. Abbreviated San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE-7) and Jeste-Thomas Wisdom Index (JTWI). Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:617-626. [PMID: 34857061 PMCID: PMC9844079 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610221002684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Wisdom is a personality trait comprising seven components: self-reflection, pro-social behaviors, emotional regulation, acceptance of diverse perspectives, decisiveness, social advising, and spirituality. Wisdom, a potentially modifiable trait, is strongly associated with well-being. We have published a validated 28-item San Diego Wisdom Scale, the SD-WISE-28. Brief scales are necessary for use in large population-based studies and in clinical practice. The present study aimed to create an abbreviated 7-item version of the SD-WISE. METHOD Participants included 2093 people, aged 20-82 years, recruited and surveyed through the online crowdsourcing platform Amazon Mechanical Turk. The participants' mean age was 46 years, with 55% women. Participants completed the SD-WISE-28 as well as validation scales for various positive and negative constructs. Psychometric analyses (factor analysis and item response theory) were used to select one item from each of the seven SD-WISE-28 subscales. RESULTS We selected a combination of items that produced acceptable unidimensional model fit and good reliability (ω = 0.74). Item statistics suggested that all seven items were strong indicators of wisdom, although the association was weakest for spirituality. Analyses indicated that the 28-item and 7-item SD-WISE are both very highly correlated (r = 0.92) and produce a nearly identical pattern of correlations with demographic and validity variables. CONCLUSION The SD-WISE-7, and its derived Jeste-Thomas Wisdom Index (JTWI) score, balances reliability and brevity for research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Barton W. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, U.S.A
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Ellen E. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, U.S.A
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
- Department of Mathematics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Rebecca Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Xin M. Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, U.S.A
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Miya Gentry
- University of California, San Diego, Center for Healthy
Aging/Stein Institute for Research on Aging, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of California, San Diego, Department of
Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barton W. Palmer
- University of California, San Diego, Center for Healthy
Aging/Stein Institute for Research on Aging, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of California, San Diego, Department of
Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of
Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
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5
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Jeste DV, Di Somma S, Lee EE, Nguyen TT, Scalcione M, Biaggi A, Daly R, Liu J, Tu X, Ziedonis D, Glorioso D, Antonini P, Brenner D. Study of loneliness and wisdom in 482 middle-aged and oldest-old adults: a comparison between people in Cilento, Italy and San Diego, USA. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2149-2159. [PMID: 33000647 PMCID: PMC8012404 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1821170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There has been growing research interest in loneliness and wisdom in recent decades, but no cross-cultural comparisons of these constructs using standardized rating measures in older adults, especially the oldest-old. This was a cross-sectional study of loneliness and wisdom comparing middle-aged and oldest-old adults in Cilento, Italy and San Diego, United States. METHOD We examined loneliness and wisdom, using the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 (UCLA-3) and San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE), respectively, in four subject groups: adults aged 50-65 and those ≥90 years from Cilento, Italy (N = 212 and 47, respectively) and San Diego, California, USA (N = 138 and 85, respectively). RESULTS After controlling for education, there were no significant group differences in levels of loneliness, while on SD-WISE the Cilento ≥90 group had lower scores compared to the other three groups. There was a strong inverse correlation between loneliness and wisdom in each of the four subject groups. Loneliness was negatively associated while wisdom was positively associated with general health, sleep quality, and happiness in most groups, with varying levels of significance. CONCLUSION These results largely support cross-cultural validity of the constructs of loneliness and wisdom, and extend previous findings of strong inverse correlations between these two entities. Loneliness has become a growing public health problem, and the results of our study suggest that wisdom could be a protective factor against loneliness, although alternative explanations are also possible. Research on interventions to reduce loneliness by enhancing wisdom in older adults is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip V. Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, USA,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Salvatore Di Somma
- Department of Medical-Surgery Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy,Great Network, Italy
| | - Ellen E. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tanya T. Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Mara Scalcione
- Great Network, Italy,University of Rome La Sapienza School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Biaggi
- Great Network, Italy,University of Rome La Sapienza School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, USA,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Xin Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, USA,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Douglas Ziedonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Danielle Glorioso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | - David Brenner
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
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6
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Rabheru K, Gillis M. Navigating the Perfect Storm of Ageism, Mentalism, and Ableism: A Prevention Model. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:1058-1061. [PMID: 34330625 PMCID: PMC8435568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many of society's systemic implicit biases against older persons predate COVID-19. A perfect storm of these biases now rages against older persons much more explicitly and visibly during the COVID-19 pandemic. They comprise of blends of discrimination based on age ("ageism"), multiplied by the prejudice against persons with mental symptoms (mentalism), and by notions against persons with disabilities (ableism). The collective result of this tragedy has caused a devastating impact on older persons' lives and flagrant violation of their human rights. We explore the evidence to better understand the drivers of these biases and ways to mitigate their impact. We also review strategies to alleviate the effects of ageism, mentalism, and ableism using a prevention model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Rabheru
- The Ottawa Hospital (KR), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa (KR), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; International Psychogeriatric Association (IPA) (KR), Milwaukee, WI; Steering Group, Global Alliance on the Rights of Older People (GAROP) (KR), England, UK; International Longevity Centre (ILC) (KR, MG), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Margaret Gillis
- International Longevity Centre (ILC) (KR, MG), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kristjánsson K, Fowers B, Darnell C, Pollard D. Phronesis (Practical Wisdom) as a Type of Contextual Integrative Thinking. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10892680211023063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coinciding with the recent psychological attention paid to the broad topic of wisdom, interest in the intellectual virtue of phronesis or practical wisdom has been burgeoning within pockets of psychology, philosophy, professional ethics, and education. However, these discourses are undercut by frequently unrecognized tensions, lacunae, ambivalences, misapplications, and paradoxes. While a recent attempt at conceptualizing the phronesis construct for the purpose of psychological measurement offers promise, little is known about how phronesis develops psychologically, what motivates it, or how it can be cultivated. Many psychologists aspire to make sense of wise thinking without the contextual, affective, and holistic/integrative resources of phronesis. This article explores some such attempts, in particular, a new “common model” of wisdom. We argue for the incremental value of the phronesis construct beyond available wisdom accounts because phronesis explains how mature decision-making is motivated and shaped by substantive moral aspirations and cognitively guided moral emotions. We go on to argue that, in the context of bridging the gap between moral knowledge and action, phronesis carries more motivational potency than wisdom in the “common model.” The phronesis construct, thus, embodies some unique features that psychologists studying wise decision-making ignore at their peril.
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8
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Grennan G, Balasubramani PP, Alim F, Zafar-Khan M, Lee EE, Jeste DV, Mishra J. Cognitive and Neural Correlates of Loneliness and Wisdom during Emotional Bias. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3311-3322. [PMID: 33687437 PMCID: PMC8196261 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and wisdom have opposing impacts on health and well-being, yet their neuro-cognitive bases have never been simultaneously investigated. In this study of 147 healthy human subjects sampled across the adult lifespan, we simultaneously studied the cognitive and neural correlates of loneliness and wisdom in the context of an emotion bias task. Aligned with the social threat framework of loneliness, we found that loneliness was associated with reduced speed of processing when angry emotional stimuli were presented to bias cognition. In contrast, we found that wisdom was associated with greater speed of processing when happy emotions biased cognition. Source models of electroencephalographic data showed that loneliness was specifically associated with enhanced angry stimulus-driven theta activity in the left transverse temporal region of interest, which is located in the area of the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), while wisdom was specifically related to increased TPJ theta activity during happy stimulus processing. Additionally, enhanced attentiveness to threatening stimuli for lonelier individuals was observed as greater beta activity in left superior parietal cortex, while wisdom significantly related to enhanced happy stimulus-evoked alpha activity in the left insula. Our results demonstrate emotion-context driven modulations in cognitive neural circuits by loneliness versus wisdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Grennan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
| | - Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
| | - Fahad Alim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
| | - Mariam Zafar-Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
| | - Ellen E Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, 92161 CA, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
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9
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Nguyen TT, Zhang X, Wu TC, Liu J, Le C, Tu XM, Knight R, Jeste DV. Association of Loneliness and Wisdom With Gut Microbial Diversity and Composition: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:648475. [PMID: 33841213 PMCID: PMC8029068 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.648475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and wisdom have opposite effects on health and well-being. Loneliness is a serious public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Wisdom is associated with better health and well-being. We have consistently found a strong negative correlation between loneliness and wisdom. The present study aimed to investigate the association of loneliness and wisdom with the gut microbiome. One hundred eighty-four community-dwelling adults (28-97 years) completed validated self-report-based measures of loneliness, wisdom, compassion, social support, and social engagement. Fecal samples were collected and profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. Linear regression analyses, controlling for age and body mass index, revealed that lower levels of loneliness and higher levels of wisdom, compassion, social support, and social engagement were associated with greater phylogenetic richness and diversity of the gut microbiome. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis to investigate multivariate relationships extracted two composite variables. Linear regression model predicting alpha-diversity with PLS components revealed that a linear combination of all psychosocial predictors (with negative loading for loneliness and positive loadings for all others, including wisdom, compassion, social support, and social engagement) was significantly associated with alpha-diversity. For beta-diversity, compassion and wisdom accounted for a significant proportion of variance in overall microbial community composition. Findings may have implications for interventions to reduce loneliness and possibly its health-related adverse consequences. Future research should explore whether increasing compassion and wisdom may improve loneliness and overall well-being as well as microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T. Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tsung-Chin Wu
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Collin Le
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xin M. Tu
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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10
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Treichler EBH, Palmer BW, Wu TC, Thomas ML, Tu XM, Daly R, Lee EE, Jeste DV. Women and Men Differ in Relative Strengths in Wisdom Profiles: A Study of 659 Adults Across the Lifespan. Front Psychol 2021; 12:769294. [PMID: 35185678 PMCID: PMC8850272 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wisdom is a multi-component trait that is important for mental health and well-being. In this study, we sought to understand gender differences in relative strengths in wisdom. A total of 659 individuals aged 27-103 years completed surveys including the 3-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) and the San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE). Analyses assessed gender differences in wisdom and gender's moderating effect on the relationship between wisdom and associated constructs including depression, loneliness, well-being, optimism, and resilience. Women scored higher on average on the 3D-WS but not on the SD-WISE. Women scored higher on compassion-related domains and on SD-WISE Self-Reflection. Men scored higher on cognitive-related domains and on SD-WISE Emotion Regulation. There was no impact of gender on the relationships between wisdom and associated constructs. Women and men have different relative strengths in wisdom, likely driven by sociocultural and biological factors. Tailoring wisdom interventions to individuals based on their profiles is an important next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B H Treichler
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Barton W Palmer
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tsung-Chin Wu
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael L Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Xin M Tu
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Daly
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ellen E Lee
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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11
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Coronavirus, social distancing, and global geriatric mental health crisis: opportunities for promoting wisdom and resilience amid a pandemic. Int Psychogeriatr 2020; 32:1097-1099. [PMID: 33148370 DOI: 10.1017/s104161022000366x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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