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Ibragimov U, Livingston MD, Young AM, Feinberg J, Korthuis PT, Akhtar WZ, Jenkins WD, Crane HM, Westergaard RP, Nance R, Miller WC, Bresett J, Khoury D, Hurt CB, Go VF, Nolte K, Cooper HLF. Correlates of Recent HIV Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Areas: A Multi-site Cross-Sectional Study, 2018-2020. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:59-71. [PMID: 37515742 PMCID: PMC10823036 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The Rural Opioid Initiative surveyed 2693 people who inject drugs (PWID) in eight rural U.S. areas in 2018-2020 about self-reported HIV testing in the past 6 months. Correlates of interest included receipt of any drug-related services, incarceration history, and structural barriers to care (e.g., lack of insurance, proximity to syringe service programs [SSP]). Overall, 20% of participants reported receiving an HIV test within the past 6 months. Multivariable generalized estimating equations showed that attending substance use disorder (SUD) treatment (OR 2.11, 95%CI [1.58, 2.82]), having health insurance (OR 1.42, 95%CI [1.01, 2.00]) and recent incarceration (OR 1.49, 95%CI [1.08, 2.04]) were positively associated with HIV testing, while experiencing a resource barrier to healthcare (inability to pay, lack of transportation, inconvenient hours, or lack of child care) had inverse (OR 0.73, 95%CI [0.56, 0.94]) association with HIV testing. We found that the prevalence of HIV testing among rural PWID is low, indicating an unmet need for testing. While SUD treatment or incarceration may increase chances for HIV testing for rural PWID, other avenues for expanding HIV testing, such as SSP, need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umedjon Ibragimov
- BSHES Department of Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory University, 1518 Clifton RD, GCR 558, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Melvin D Livingston
- BSHES Department of Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - April M Young
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Judith Feinberg
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Medicine/Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - P Todd Korthuis
- Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wajiha Z Akhtar
- Population Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wiley D Jenkins
- Department of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Heidi M Crane
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan P Westergaard
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robin Nance
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C Miller
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John Bresett
- Department of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Hurt
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vivian F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kerry Nolte
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Hannah L F Cooper
- BSHES Department of Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Twisk DE, Watzeels A, Götz HM. Community-based HIV testing through a general health check event in a high HIV-prevalent multicultural area in Rotterdam, The Netherlands: a pilot study on feasibility and acceptance. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:101. [PMID: 37328886 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV testing is crucial for finding the remaining cases in a declining HIV epidemic in The Netherlands; providing HIV testing in non-traditional settings may be warranted. We conducted a pilot study to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a community-based HIV testing (CBHT) approach with general health checks to improve HIV test uptake. METHODS CBHT's main conditions were low-threshold, free-of-charge, general health check, and HIV education. We interviewed 6 community leaders, 25 residents, and 12 professionals/volunteers from local organizations to outline these main conditions. Walk-in test events were piloted at community organizations, providing HIV testing along with body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose screening, and HIV education (October 2019 to February 2020). Demographics, HIV testing history, risk perception, and sexual contact were collected via questionnaires. To evaluate the pilots' feasibility and acceptance, we utilized the RE-AIM framework and predefined goals, incorporating quantitative data from the test events and qualitative input from participants, organizations, and staff. RESULTS A total of 140 individuals participated (74% women, 85% non-Western, median age 49 years old). The number of participants during the seven 4-h test events ranged from 10 to 31. We tested 134 participants for HIV, and one was found positive (positivity 0.75%). Almost 90% of the participants were never tested or > 1 year ago, and 90% perceived no HIV risk. One-third of the participants had one or more abnormal test results on BMI, blood pressure, or blood glucose. The pilot was well-rated and accepted by all parties. The staff had concerns about waiting time, language problems, and privacy. Participants hardly indicated these concerns. CONCLUSIONS This CBHT approach is feasible, acceptable, and well-suited for testing not (recently) tested individuals and detecting new cases. Besides reducing HIV-associated stigma and increasing HIV test acceptance, offering multiple health tests may be appropriate as we frequently observed multiple health problems. Whether this laborious approach is sustainable in the micro-elimination of HIV and should be deployed on a large scale is questionable. CBHT like ours may be suitable as a supplement to more sustainable and cost-effective methods, e.g., proactive HIV testing by general practitioners and partner notification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E Twisk
- Department of Public Health, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department Research and Business Intelligence, Municipality of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anita Watzeels
- Department of Public Health, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Research and Business Intelligence, Municipality of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannelore M Götz
- Department of Public Health, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Allen ST, Schneider KE, Morris M, Saloner B, Sherman SG. Factors Associated with HIV Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs: Findings from a Multistate Study at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:1674-1681. [PMID: 36327014 PMCID: PMC9632597 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined HIV testing among people who inject drugs (PWID) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines factors associated with PWID who have been recently (past six months) tested for HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. PWID were recruited between August 2020 and January 2021 from 22 drug treatment and harm reduction programs in nine states and the District of Columbia. We used logistic regression to identify correlates of recent HIV testing among PWID (n = 289). Most (52.9%) PWID reported having been recently tested for HIV. Factors associated with recent HIV testing included: having attended college [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.32, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.32-4.10], weekly hunger (aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.20-3.60), crystal methamphetamine injection (aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.97), and non-metropolitan residence (aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13, 0.88). Findings suggest HIV testing initiatives should be expanded during times of crisis, such as global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Allen
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kristin E Schneider
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miles Morris
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan Saloner
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan G Sherman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lancaster KE, Endres-Dighe S, Sucaldito AD, Piscalko H, Madhu A, Kiriazova T, Batchelder AW. Measuring and Addressing Stigma Within HIV Interventions for People Who Use Drugs: a Scoping Review of Recent Research. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2022; 19:301-311. [PMID: 36048310 PMCID: PMC10546998 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Persistent stigma remains a crucial barrier to HIV prevention and treatment services among people who use drugs (PWUD), particularly for those living with or at-risk for HIV. This scoping review examines the current state of science with regard to approaches for measuring and addressing stigma within HIV interventions among PWUD. RECENT FINDINGS Sixteen studies fit the inclusion criteria for this review. Half the studies originated within the USA, and the remaining represented four different regions. Within these studies, stigma was measured using various quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. The studies primarily focused on HIV stigma, including value-based judgments, anticipated stigma, and perceived stigma domains. Information-based and skills building approaches at the individual level were the most common for the stigma reduction interventions. Adoption of systematic evaluations is needed for measuring stigma, including intersectional stigma, within HIV interventions among PWUD. Future studies should focus on developing multilevel intersectional stigma reduction interventions for PWUD with and at-risk for HIV globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana D Sucaldito
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hannah Piscalko
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aarti Madhu
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Abigail W Batchelder
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Allen ST, Grieb SM, White RH, O’Rourke A, Kilkenny ME, Jones CM, Latkin C, Sherman SG. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural West Virginia. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:S346-S353. [PMID: 32877553 PMCID: PMC7566638 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research exists on factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among people who inject drugs (PWID) in rural America. The purpose of this research is to identify factors associated with rural PWID in Appalachia having not been tested for HIV in the past year. METHODS Cross-sectional data (n = 408) from a 2018 PWID population estimation study in West Virginia were used to examine factors associated with PWID having not been tested for HIV in the past year. RESULTS Most participants identified as male (61%), white, non-Hispanic (84%), and reported having recently injected heroin (81%) and/or crystal methamphetamine (71%). Most (64%) reported having been tested for HIV in the past year, 17% reported having been tested but not in the past year, and 19% reported never having been tested. In multivariable analysis, not having been in a drug treatment program in the past year was associated with PWID not having been tested for HIV in the past year (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.430; 95% confidence interval, 1.080-1.894). CONCLUSIONS Drug treatment programs may be important venues for rural PWID to access HIV testing; however, testing services should be offered at multiple venues as most PWID had not engaged in drug treatment in the past year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Allen
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Suzanne M Grieb
- Center for Child and Community Health Research, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Hamilton White
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison O’Rourke
- DC Center for AIDS Research, Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Christopher M Jones
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan G Sherman
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Patev AJ, Hood KB, Speed KJ, Cartwright PM, Kinman BA. HIV conspiracy theory beliefs mediates the connection between HIV testing attitudes and HIV prevention self-efficacy. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:661-673. [PMID: 30388949 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1500472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: High rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be found in states in both the Appalachian and Southeastern regions of the United States. As infection rates increase, it is imperative to understand factors that improve HIV prevention. The current work explored whether HIV conspiracy beliefs influences the link between HIV testing attitudes and perceived prevention ability. Participants: Four samples were collected during Fall 2013 (N = 373), Spring 2014 (N = 231), Fall 2014 (N = 345), and Spring 2015 (N = 369) at a rural, Southeastern, Appalachian university. Methods: Participants in all samples completed an online survey. Results: Four studies showed that HIV conspiracy theory beliefs mediated the relationship between HIV testing attitudes and HIV prevention self-efficacy. Conclusions: HIV conspiracy theory beliefs at least partially explain the connection between testing attitudes and HIV prevention self-efficacy. Results have implications for the role of HIV testing attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Patev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
| | - Kristina B Hood
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
| | - Katrina J Speed
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University , Starkville , Mississippi State , USA
| | - Patricia M Cartwright
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University , Starkville , Mississippi State , USA
| | - Brittany A Kinman
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University , Starkville , Mississippi State , USA
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Cianelli R, Villegas N, Irarrazabal L, Castro J, Ojukwu EN, Adebayo OW, Ferrer L, Montano NP. HIV Testing Among Heterosexual Hispanic Women in South Florida. J Nurs Scholarsh 2019; 51:427-437. [PMID: 30888099 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of selected facilitators, barriers, beliefs, and knowledge suggested by the literature to be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among heterosexual Hispanic women. DESIGN This study utilizes a cross-sectional design to analyze secondary data from SEPA III: The Effectiveness Trial. SEPA stands for Salud, Educacion, Prevencion y Autocuidado, which translates to Health, Education, Prevention, and Self-Care. The Social Cognitive Model (SCM) guided this study. METHODS Three hundred twenty heterosexual Hispanic women 18 to 50 years of age participated in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. FINDINGS The most common facilitators for HIV testing were receiving recommendations from a healthcare provider (HCP) and the test is offered by an HCP rather than women asking for it. The most common barrier to testing was having no reason to believe they were infected. Most women believed a positive test result would encourage them to take better care of themselves. However, as much as 15% of women reported desires to kill or hurt themselves if they test positive. On the other hand, a negative result would make them assume their partners are negative and thus do not need to be tested. Significantly, explanatory variables related to HIV testing were knowledge and the HIV test is offered by an HCP instead of women asking for it. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening HIV knowledge and offering HIV tests are significant contributions that nurses make to the health of Hispanic women. The SCM can be used to design programs to increase HIV testing among Hispanic women. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nurses are encouraged to offer testing and provide culturally competent HIV prevention education to increase HIV testing among Hispanic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Cianelli
- Beta Tau Chapter , Associate Professor of clinical, University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Natalia Villegas
- Beta Tau Chapter , Associate Professor, University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Lisette Irarrazabal
- Beta Tau Chapter , Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose Castro
- Beta Tau Chapter , Infectious Disease Specialist, Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emmanuela Nneamaka Ojukwu
- Beta Tau Chapter , Doctoral Candidate, University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - Lilian Ferrer
- Alpha Lamba and Beta Tau, Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nilda Peragallo Montano
- Alpha Alpha, Dean and Professor, University of North Carolina School of Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Kim YK, Small E, Okumu M. School-based HIV/AIDS education, risky sexual behaviors, and HIV testing among high school students in the United States. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2019; 58:258-273. [PMID: 30556490 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2018.1558163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the practical value of HIV/AIDS education among at-risk adolescents in the United States. Data were drawn from the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System spanning students in grades 9-12 who have engaged in sexual intercourse. A multivariate hierarchical logistic regression analysis was employed to test: (1) the individual effects of school-based HIV/AIDS education and risky sexual behaviors on the probability of HIV testing and (2) the interaction effects to estimate the degree to which the education effect varied by specific risky sexual behavior. The results indicated that students who engaged in risky sexual activities and received HIV/AIDS education were more likely to test for HIV compared to those who did not receive HIV/AIDS education. The relationship between education and HIV testing also varied according to the number of recent sexual partners. The findings have policy and practice implications. Specifically, HIV/AIDS education that promotes HIV testing should be encouraged particularly with the high-risk student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyoung Kim
- a School of Social Work , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana , USA
| | - Eusebius Small
- b School of Social Work , University of Texas , Arlington , Texas , USA
| | - Moses Okumu
- c Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , USA
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Kingori C, Nkansah MA, Haile Z, Darlington KA, Basta T. Factors Associated with HIV Related Stigma among College Students in the Midwest. AIMS Public Health 2017; 4:347-363. [PMID: 29546222 PMCID: PMC5690459 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2017.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, U.S. college students have low perceived susceptibility of acquiring HIV infection while 15–25 percent of youth have had negative perceptions towards HIV positive individuals. Factors associated with HIV stigma among college students were examined in a convenience sample of 200 students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to summarize the data. Only four percent of participants responded correctly to HIV transmission knowledge items. HIV transmission knowledge scores were significantly higher for participants who were single with partner and those who resided outside university residential dorms (p < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between composite HIV knowledge scores and stigma scores r = −0.18 (p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, a marginal significant negative linear relationship emerged (β = −0.09, p = 0.06) between HIV knowledge and stigma. HIV prevention education among college students needs to be addressed with nuance to minimize HIV knowledge gaps, stigma and student risk perception that impacts HIV prevention and stigma against those living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kingori
- Department of Social and Public Health, Ohio University, Athens OH 45701
| | | | - Zelalem Haile
- Department of Social Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University
| | | | - Tania Basta
- Department of Social and Public Health, Ohio University, Athens OH 45701
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Minichiello A, Swab M, Chongo M, Marshall Z, Gahagan J, Maybank A, Hot A, Schwandt M, Gaudry S, Hurley O, Asghari S. HIV Point-of-Care Testing in Canadian Settings: A Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2017; 5:76. [PMID: 28459048 PMCID: PMC5394765 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV point-of-care testing (POCT) was approved for use in Canada in 2005 and provides important public health benefits by providing rapid screening results rather than sending a blood sample to a laboratory and waiting on test results. Access to test results soon after testing (or during the same visit) is believed to increase the likelihood that individuals will receive their results and improve access to confirmatory testing and linkages to care. This paper reviews the literature on the utilization of HIV POCT across Canadian provinces. Methods We searched OVID Medline, Embase, EBM Reviews, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and 20 electronic grey literature databases. All empirical studies investigating HIV POCT programs in Canada published in French or English were included. Results Searches of academic databases identified a total of 6,091 records. After removing duplicates and screening for eligibility, 27 records were included. Ten studies are peer-reviewed articles, and 17 are grey literature reports. HIV POCT in Canada is both feasible and accepted by Canadians. It is preferred to conventional HIV testing (ranging from 81.1 to 97%), and users are highly satisfied with the testing process (ranging between 96 and 100%). Conclusion The majority of studies demonstrate that HIV POCT is feasible, preferred, and accepted by diverse populations in Canada. Losses to follow-up and linkage rates are also good. However, more research is needed to understand how best to scale up HIV POCT in contexts that currently have very limited or no access to testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Swab
- Health Sciences Library, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Meck Chongo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Zack Marshall
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,Department of Social Development Studies and School of Social Work, Renison University College, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Health Promotion Division, Faculty of Health Professions, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Allison Maybank
- Center for Rural Health Studies, Primary Health Care Research Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Aurélie Hot
- Coalition des organismes communautaires québécois de lutte contre le sida, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Schwandt
- Faculty of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sonia Gaudry
- CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS and CIHR CBR Collaborative: A Program of REACH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver Hurley
- Center for Rural Health Studies, Primary Health Care Research Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Shabnam Asghari
- Center for Rural Health Studies, Primary Health Care Research Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Kingori C, Haile ZT, Ngatia P, Nderitu R. Factors that can influence feelings towards and interactions with people living with HIV/AIDS in rural Central Kenya. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 28:910-919. [PMID: 27879430 DOI: 10.1177/0956462416680764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background In Kenya, HIV incidence and prevalence have declined. HIV rates are lower in rural areas than in urban areas. However, HIV infection is reported higher in men in rural areas (4.5%) compared to those in urban areas (3.7%). Objectives This study examined HIV knowledge, feelings, and interactions towards HIV-infected from 302 participants in rural Central Kenya. Methods Chi square tests and multivariable logistic regression analyzed variables of interest. Results Most participants exhibited positive feelings in their interaction with people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA). Association between HIV knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics revealed that the proportion of participants with a correct response differed by gender, age, level of education, and marital status ( p < 0.05). Compared to those with inadequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS, participants with adequate HIV/AIDS knowledge were nearly three times as likely to disagree that PLWHA should be legally separated from others to protect public health (adjusted odds ratio: aOR (95% CI) (2.76 (1.12, 6.80). Conclusions HIV stigma continues to impact HIV prevention strategies particularly in rural Central Kenya. Culturally, appropriate interventions addressing HIV knowledge among those with lower levels of education, single, older, and male are warranted. Review of HIV policies separating high-risk populations from the general population is needed to reduce stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kingori
- 1 Department of Social and Public Health, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Zelalem T Haile
- 2 Department of Social Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Dublin, OH, USA
| | - Peter Ngatia
- 3 African Medical Research Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Nderitu
- 4 Constituency AIDS Control Council, Othaya, Kenya
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Fisher CB. Enhancing the Responsible Conduct of Sexual Health Prevention Research Across Global and Local Contexts: Training for Evidence-Based Research Ethics. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2014; 25:87-96. [PMID: 29479165 PMCID: PMC5823532 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2014.948956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The HIV/AIDS pandemic has brought global attention to the ethical challenges of conducting research involving socially vulnerable participants. Such challenges require not only ethical deliberation but also an empirical evidentiary basis for research ethics policies and practices. This need has been addressed through the Fordham University HIV and Drug Abuse Prevention Research Ethics Institute, a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded program that trains and funds early career scientists in conducting research on HIV/drug abuse research ethics. This article describes the ethical framework guiding Institute training and introduces readers to six empirical articles in this special issue that illuminate and help foster the responsible conduct of research.
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