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Wright I, Gahagan J. Improving gay, bisexual and transgender inclusion in blood and plasma donation policies and programmes in Canada: A qualitative study. Vox Sang 2024. [PMID: 38616552 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An increasing number of blood operators around the world, including those in Canada, have removed time-based deferral periods for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and replaced them with sexual behaviour-based questions for all donors. While this marks a significant shift in screening approach, what remains unclear is how members of two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (2S/LGBTQ+) communities view blood operators' initiatives to be more inclusive. As such, this study was conducted to assess the awareness of donor screening changes and other initiatives among members of 2S/LGBTQ+ communities and to explore their recommendations for blood operators' work with these communities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 15) were conducted with 2S/LGBTQ+ people across Canada. Data were analysed using open inductive coding methods. RESULTS Reported here are the key results on recommendations for blood operators. Three themes were identified from the data: (1) the need for increased communications with 2S/LGBTQ+ communities surrounding changes to donor policies and guidelines; (2) the need for trans-inclusive policy and procedures; and (3) the need for culturally responsive and equity-informed staff training at donor centres. CONCLUSION Results suggest that blood operators should consider 2S/LGTBQ+ communities when developing blood and plasma donation policies, screening procedures and staff training. Increased consultation with these communities is desired, and further research specific to the experiences of transgender blood donors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Wright
- Research Office, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Research Office, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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2
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Jefferies K, States C, MacLennan V, Helwig M, Gahagan J, Bernard WT, Macdonald M, Murphy GT, Martin-Misener R. Black nurses in the nursing profession in Canada: a scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:102. [PMID: 35871077 PMCID: PMC9308111 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With migration occurring over a series of centuries, dating back to the 1600’s, the circumstance regarding Black people in Canada is a complex account. A plethora of social issues and the failure to adequately acknowledge and reconcile historical issues, has resulted in health inequity, disparities and knowledge gaps, related to the Black population in Canada. In nursing, historical records indicate a legacy of discrimination that continues to impact Black nurses. The profession has begun reckoning with anti-Black racism and the residual effects. This scoping review sought to chart the existing evidence on Black nurses in the nursing profession in Canada.
Methods
JBI methodology was used to search peer-reviewed evidence and unpublished gray literature. Sources were considered for inclusion based on criteria outlined in an a priori protocol focusing on: 1) Canada 2) Black nurses and 3) nursing practice. No restrictions were placed on date of publication and language was limited to English and French. All screening and extractions were completed by two independent reviewers.
Results
The database search yielded 688 records. After removing duplicates, 600 titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility and 127 advanced to full-text screening. Eighty-two full-text articles were excluded, for a total of 44 sources meeting the inclusion criteria. Seven sources were identified through gray literature search. Subsequently, 31 sources underwent data extraction. Of the 31 sources, 18 are research (n = 18), six are commentaries (n = 6); one report (n = 1) and six are classified as announcements, memoranda or policy statements (n = 6). The review findings are categorized into five conceptual categories: racism (n = 12); historical situatedness (n = 2); leadership and career progression (n = 7); immigration (n = 4); and diversity in the workforce (n = 4).
Conclusions
This review reveals the interconnectedness of the five conceptual categories. Racism was a prominent issue woven throughout the majority of the sources. Additionally, this review captures how racism is exacerbated by intersectional factors such as gender, class and nationality. The findings herein offer insight regarding anti-Black racism and discrimination in nursing as well as suggestions for future research including the use of diverse methodologies in different jurisdictions across the country. Lastly, the implications extend to the nursing workforce in relation to enhancing diversity and addressing the ongoing nursing shortage.
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Zhou YR, Sinding C, Gahagan J, Micollier E. Gender and Trajectories of Marital Breakdown: Accounts of Chinese Immigrant Women in Canada. Affilia 2022; 37:701-716. [PMID: 36176489 PMCID: PMC9511237 DOI: 10.1177/08861099211070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relatively sparse literature has documented various challenges international migration poses to martial stability, yet we know little about immigrant women's experiences with marital breakdown. Drawing data from a qualitative study of Chinese economic immigrants to Canada, this article explores women's experiences of navigating the processes of this life circumstance, and of how gender—including their senses of changing gender roles in post-immigration and postmarital contexts—plays out in these trajectories. The results of this exploratory study illustrate the value of transcending dichotomous conceptions of the relationship between gender and migration, and of opening spaces in which to better understand immigrant women's increasingly diversified life trajectories and the range of barriers they encounter along the way. The study also reveals multiple opportunities for social work contributions: tackling systematic barriers to settlement, facilitating social support in the community, and recognizing individuals’ diverse trajectory potentials (including the potential for this typically unwelcome event to be integrated as personal growth and transition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Rachel Zhou
- Department of Health, Aging & Society; and Institute on Globalization and the Human Condition, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Sinding
- School of Social Work, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Evelyne Micollier
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), CESSMA, University Paris Sorbonne Cité, France
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Jefferies K, Martin-Misener R, Murphy GT, Gahagan J, Bernard WT. African Nova Scotian nurses' perceptions and experiences of leadership: a qualitative study informed by Black feminist theory. CMAJ 2022; 194:E1437-E1447. [PMID: 36316018 PMCID: PMC9828880 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.220019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People of African Nova Scotian (ANS) ancestry are a culturally distinct group who experience numerous socioeconomic inequities and health disparities, secondary to structural and social determinants of health. Understanding the experiences of ANS health practitioners is important in addressing anti-Black racism in health care. We sought to critically examine the leadership experiences of ANS nurses in health care practice. METHODS We used Black feminist theory to guide this qualitative study. We conducted 1-on-1 semistructured telephone interviews with ANS nurses and analyzed interview transcripts using Critical Discourse Analysis. RESULTS We interviewed 18 nurses of ANS ancestry. We conceptualized study findings in 3 overarching areas: People of ANS ancestry as a distinct people, institution of care, and leadership philosophy and practice. Each area, and its corresponding themes and subthemes, illustrated an emergent understanding of factors that influence leadership among ANS nurses, such as socialization, early exposure to care and diversity in health care. Participants perceived and practised leadership in a manner that transcended formal titles or designations. INTERPRETATION African Nova Scotian ancestry is implicated in the perception and practice of leadership among ANS nurses, who considered leadership to be a fundamental component of nursing practice that was grounded in community-oriented care. This study provides new insights that could inform recruitment, retention and representation of ANS people in nursing and other health professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha Jefferies
- School of Nursing (Jefferies, Martin-Misener, Tomblin Murphy), Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University; Research and Innovation (Tomblin Murphy), Nova Scotia Health; Mount Saint Vincent University (Gahagan); School of Social Work (Thomas Bernard), Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Ruth Martin-Misener
- School of Nursing (Jefferies, Martin-Misener, Tomblin Murphy), Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University; Research and Innovation (Tomblin Murphy), Nova Scotia Health; Mount Saint Vincent University (Gahagan); School of Social Work (Thomas Bernard), Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Gail Tomblin Murphy
- School of Nursing (Jefferies, Martin-Misener, Tomblin Murphy), Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University; Research and Innovation (Tomblin Murphy), Nova Scotia Health; Mount Saint Vincent University (Gahagan); School of Social Work (Thomas Bernard), Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Nursing (Jefferies, Martin-Misener, Tomblin Murphy), Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University; Research and Innovation (Tomblin Murphy), Nova Scotia Health; Mount Saint Vincent University (Gahagan); School of Social Work (Thomas Bernard), Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Wanda Thomas Bernard
- School of Nursing (Jefferies, Martin-Misener, Tomblin Murphy), Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University; Research and Innovation (Tomblin Murphy), Nova Scotia Health; Mount Saint Vincent University (Gahagan); School of Social Work (Thomas Bernard), Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
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Karellis A, Naeem F, Nair S, Mallya SD, Routy JP, Gahagan J, Yansouni CP, Kim J, Pai NP. Multiplexed rapid technologies for sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review. The Lancet Microbe 2022; 3:e303-e315. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Eboreime E, Ohinmaa A, Rusak B, Cassidy KL, Morrison J, McGrath P, Uher R, Meier S, Fleury MJ, Iyer SN, Rej S, Batchelor F, Levinger P, Dang C, Hopwood M, Acquah FNL, Dzator J, Tomblin Murphy G, Warford J, Wozney L, Vedel I, Gahagan J, Theou O, Koto P, Sampalli T, Kirkland S, Watters N, Agyapong VIO. The Text4HealthyAging Program: An Evidence-Based Text Messaging Innovation to Support Healthy Urban Aging in Canada and Australia. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221081378. [PMID: 35252477 PMCID: PMC8891919 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221081378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-friendly cities are crucial to achieve the WHO goal of healthy aging. Such cities promote opportunities for health, participation, and security, thus enhancing quality of life as people age. Older people commonly experience psychosocial challenges such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, loss of autonomy, grief, fear, and loneliness. Australian and Canadian cities continue to seek innovation to improve healthy urban aging and create more age-friendly environments for older adults. There is increasing evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of mobile technology in health promotion and closing psychological treatment gaps. Older adults have been demonstrated to engage frequently with mobile devices, particularly text messaging. In this article, we conceptualize the Text4HealthyAging, an evidence-based text messaging innovation to support healthy urban aging in Canadian and Australian cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arto Ohinmaa
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin Rusak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Keri-Leigh Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jason Morrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Patrick McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Soham Rej
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pazit Levinger
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christa Dang
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Malcolm Hopwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Janet Dzator
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Gail Tomblin Murphy
- Mental Health and Addictions, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jordan Warford
- Mental Health and Addictions, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lori Wozney
- Mental Health and Addictions, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Isabelle Vedel
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Olga Theou
- Geriatric Medicine Research, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
- School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Prosper Koto
- Mental Health and Addictions, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tara Sampalli
- Mental Health and Addictions, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Geriatric Medicine Research, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Vincent I. O. Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Jackson LA, Dechman M, Mathias H, Gahagan J, Morrison K. Safety and danger: Perceptions of the implementation of harm reduction programs in two communities in Nova Scotia, Canada. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:360-371. [PMID: 34060676 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
People who use substances (PWUS), and specifically individuals who use injection drugs and/or smoke crack cocaine, experience risks which harm reduction programmes can help reduce. Prior to implementing harm reduction programmes, however, it is critical to understand how programme users and others in the community perceive the programmes as their perceptions may influence implementation. A mixed-methods study asked PWUS and key informants about their perceptions of implementing five harm reduction programmes in their communities, including perceptions of the advantages of the programmes, where best to locate them, and community support. Questionnaires were administered to 160 PWUS, and qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 purposefully sampled key informants. Data were collected in one medium-size and one small-size community/municipality in Nova Scotia, Canada, during 2017-2018. SPSS was used to generate descriptive statistics and means from the quantitative data, and the qualitative data were analysed for key themes using thematic analysis. Both PWUS and key informants perceived numerous advantages of the harm reduction programmes, but some key informants suggested that there might be potential opposition to the implementation of additional needle distribution and disposal programmes in some locations and potential opposition to safer consumption sites. Further research is needed to understand why these programmes were viewed as potentially generating opposition, but findings suggest that a key factor is the association of the programmes with 'danger' because the programmes are directly linked with criminalized drug use. In contrast, the three other programmes are linked to 'safety' because naloxone saves lives, peer navigation programmes support access to existing programmes and detoxification programmes are associated with safety through the reduction/elimination of drug use. Legalization/decriminalization of drugs might help to change the association of some programmes with 'danger' and therefore help support the implementation of harm reduction programmes that appear to be perceived by some as linked to danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois A Jackson
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Margaret Dechman
- School of Arts and Social Sciences, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Holly Mathias
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kirk Morrison
- Department of Sociology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Jefferies K, Martin-Misener R, Murphy GT, Helwig M, Bernard WT, Gahagan J. African Canadian nurses in the nursing profession in Canada: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 19:883-890. [PMID: 33074986 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to synthesize the evidence on African Canadian nurses in the nursing profession in Canada. INTRODUCTION With approximately 1.2 million people of African descent, Canada has committed to addressing the United Nations' decade for people of African descent. Intergenerational racism continues to result in multisectoral discrimination against African Canadians. Studies suggest that African Canadians are under-represented in nursing, and encountering systemic barriers to entering and advancing in the profession. Additionally, African Canadian nurses experience racism from patients and colleagues, as well as systemic racism through hiring and promotion. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider sources that include African Canadian nurses who identify as Black or as of African descent. All levels of professional nursing practice will be included (practical nurses, registered nurses, and advanced practice nurses, including nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists). Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies and gray literature will be searched. METHODS This review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology. Databases to be searched from inception to the present include CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, Sociological Abstracts, Gender Studies Database, America: History and Life, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, and Scopus. Studies published in English and French will be included. A comprehensive search strategy developed with a librarian will be used to retrieve relevant sources. Two independent screeners will screen titles and abstracts as well as full texts of relevant sources. Data will be extracted by two independent extractors then presented narratively, using appropriate tables and figures. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER Open Science Framework Preregistration October 3, 2019. Open Science Framework Link for Abstract https://osf.io/6a2fe/?view_only=57d86d5b7c1d464182692d0f4bb9b396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha Jefferies
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ruth Martin-Misener
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Melissa Helwig
- W.K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Wanda Thomas Bernard
- Senate of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Social Work, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Lee M, Tasa-Vinyals E, Gahagan J. Improving the LGBTQ2S+ cultural competency of healthcare trainees: advancing health professional education. Can Med Educ J 2021; 12:e7-e20. [PMID: 33680227 PMCID: PMC7931472 DOI: 10.36834/cmej.67870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, and Two-spirit (LGBTQ2S+) populations experience worse health outcomes compared to age-matched heterosexual and cisgender peers. Health professionals' deficient knowledge and negative attitudes can contribute to these inequities. Healthcare trainees report insufficient LGBTQS2+ cultural competence training. METHODS In this prospective, mixed-methods pre-post design, Atlantic Canadian health students were tested on knowledge, attitudes and self-reported behaviours towards LGBTQ2S+ populations in healthcare settings. Assessment included psychometric measurements and clinical cases involving normative and non-normative fictional patients. Participants were randomised to intervention or control groups. The intervention consisted of three training sessions lead by LGBTQ2S+ experts and elders from the community. The control group continued with usual training. Full assessment was repeated after training. We also held focus group discussions with students and faculty. RESULTS The intervention group significantly improved attitudes toward and knowledge of LGBTQ2S+ populations and changed relevant aspects of their performance in the simulated clinical situations. Focus groups identified key gaps in current local training. CONCLUSIONS Integrating specific training related to LGBTQ2S+ health within health professions programs is an important step toward improving these populations' accessibility to a competent, exhaustive and nurturing healthcare. Additional research on innovative means to expand and broaden the scope of our training is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lee
- Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Elisabet Tasa-Vinyals
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Aubrecht K, Burke R, Gahagan J, Dowling L, Hande CKMJ, Hardie S, Keefe J. Health equity impacts of COVID-19 policies on dementia-relevant community services: A SGBA+ policy scan. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7741807 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This presentation shares the methodology and early findings from a policy scan conducted to understand and assess the impact of COVID-19 policies on dementia care in the community for diverse populations in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. The scan provided baseline information on: 1) Provincial legislative and regulatory policies related to dementia care in the community; 2) Orders and legislation enacted in response to COVID-19 that potentially impact those policies. Information was obtained from publicly accessible databases and government websites. Searches were also conducted using Google. 135 Acts were collected and reviewed. A specific aim of the scan was to generate knowledge about the impact of these layered policies in the context of a public health crisis from the perspective of local socially and geographically marginalized communities. A Sex and Gender Based Analysis Plus analytical approach was used to assess potential health equity impacts of COVID-19 policies on dementia care in the community. Information was organized using an adapted Health Equity Impact Assessment tool and Systems Health Equity Lens. Strengths and limitations of the approach and tools are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Aubrecht
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rosanne Burke
- Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Laura Dowling
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Susan Hardie
- Evaince (Canadian Centre on Disability Studies), Ottawa, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Janice Keefe
- Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Alberta, Canada
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Quigley A, McArthur C, Parker R, Gahagan J. Sex cells: Why we need sex- and gender-based analyses in rehabilitation research now. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 64:101472. [PMID: 33333208 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adria Quigley
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, PQ Canada
| | - Caitlin McArthur
- Department of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robin Parker
- Dalhousie Libraries, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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12
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Smylie J, Marsden N, Star L, Gahagan J, Zarowsky C, Mykhalovskiy E, Masuda J, Potvin L. Requirement for Meaningful Engagement of First Nations, Inuit, Métis, and Indigenous Peoples in Publications About Them. Can J Public Health 2020; 111:826-830. [PMID: 33289057 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Smylie
- CJPH Senior Editor, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Generative Health Services for Indigenous Populations in Canada and Director of Well Living House, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Namaste Marsden
- First Nations Health Authority, West Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Leona Star
- First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Christina Zarowsky
- CJPH Senior Editor, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de médicine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eric Mykhalovskiy
- CJPH Senior Editor, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Sociology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff Masuda
- CJPH Senior Editor, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Canada Research Chair in Environmental Health Equity, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Louise Potvin
- CJPH Editor-in-Chief, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Bryson MK, Taylor ET, Boschman L, Hart TL, Gahagan J, Rail G, Ristock J. Awkward Choreographies from Cancer's Margins: Incommensurabilities of Biographical and Biomedical Knowledge in Sexual and/or Gender Minority Cancer Patients' Treatment. J Med Humanit 2020; 41:341-361. [PMID: 30488328 PMCID: PMC7343748 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-018-9542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Canadian and American population-based research concerning sexual and/or gender minority populations provides evidence of persistent breast and gynecologic cancer-related health disparities and knowledge divides. The Cancer's Margins research investigates the complex intersections of sexual and/or gender marginality and incommensurabilities and improvisation in engagements with biographical and biomedical cancer knowledge. The study examines how sexuality and gender are intersectionally constitutive of complex biopolitical mappings of cancer health knowledge that shape knowledge access and its mobilization in health and treatment decision-making. Interviews were conducted with a diverse group (n=81) of sexual and/or gender minority breast or gynecologic cancer patients. The LGBQ//T2 cancer patient narratives we have analyzed document in fine grain detail how it is that sexual and/or gender minority cancer patients punctuate the otherwise lockstep assemblage of their cancer treatment decision-making with a persistent engagement in creative attempts to resist, thwart and otherwise manage the possibility of discrimination and likewise, the probability of institutional erasure in care settings. Our findings illustrate the demands that cancer places on LGBQ//T2 patients to choreograph access to, and mobilization of knowledge and care, across significantly distinct and sometimes incommensurable systems of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Bryson
- Department of Language and Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Evan T Taylor
- Department of Language and Literacy Education, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lorna Boschman
- Department of Language and Literacy Education, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tae L Hart
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Genevieve Rail
- Simone de Beauvoir Institute, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Janice Ristock
- Women's and Gender Studies, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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14
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Kelly DV, Kielly J, Hughes C, Gahagan J, Asghari S, Hancock S, Burt K, Smyczek P, Charlton C, Nguyen H. Expanding access to HIV testing through Canadian community pharmacies: findings from the APPROACH study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:639. [PMID: 32380978 PMCID: PMC7203868 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need for acceptable and feasible HIV testing options to ensure people living with HIV know their status so they can access care. Pharmacist-provided HIV point-of-care testing (POCT) may overcome testing barriers, including privacy concerns, testing wait times, and improve accessibility. In the APPROACH study, we aimed to develop and assess an HIV POCT program in community pharmacies for future scale up and evaluation. This paper describes the program uptake, participant and pharmacist experiences, and implementation factors. Methods A pharmacist-provided HIV POCT program was offered in 4 pharmacies in two Canadian provinces. A mixed methods design incorporated self-report questionnaire data, participant telephone interviews, pharmacist focus groups, workload analysis, and situational analysis to assess the uptake, acceptability and feasibility of the HIV POCT program. Results Over the 6-month pilot, 123 HIV tests were performed. One new case of HIV was identified; this participant was linked with confirmatory testing and HIV care. Participants were predominantly male (76%), with a mean age of 35 years. This was the first HIV test for 27% participants, and 75% were at moderate to very high risk of undiagnosed HIV infection, by Denver HIV Risk Score. Questionnaires and telephone interviews showed participants were very satisfied with the program; 99% agreed HIV POCT should be routinely offered in pharmacies and 78% were willing to pay for the service. Participants felt the pharmacy was convenient, discreet, and that the pharmacist was supportive and provided education about how to reduce their future risk. Pharmacists felt prepared, confident, and expressed professional satisfaction with offering HIV POCT. Community and public health supports, clear linkage to care plans to refer participants with positive HIV POCT results, and provision of counselling tools were important enabling factors for the program. Pharmacist remuneration, integration with existing healthcare systems, and support for ongoing promotion of HIV POCT availability in pharmacies were identified as needs for future scale-up and sustainability. Conclusions A successful model of pharmacy-based POCT, including linkage to care, was developed. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this approach in finding new diagnoses and linking them with care. Trial registration Retrospectively registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03210701) on July 6, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah V Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 75 Tiffany Court, St. John's, NL, A1A 0L1, Canada.
| | - Jason Kielly
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 75 Tiffany Court, St. John's, NL, A1A 0L1, Canada
| | - Christine Hughes
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shabnam Asghari
- Discipline of Family Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Hai Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 75 Tiffany Court, St. John's, NL, A1A 0L1, Canada
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15
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Quigley A, Brouillette MJ, Gahagan J, O’Brien KK, MacKay-Lyons M. Feasibility and Impact of a Yoga Intervention on Cognition, Physical Function, Physical Activity, and Affective Outcomes among People Living with HIV: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2020; 19:2325958220935698. [PMID: 32583707 PMCID: PMC7318828 DOI: 10.1177/2325958220935698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot randomized controlled trial is to assess the feasibility and impact of a triweekly 12-week yoga intervention among people living with HIV (PLWH). Additional objectives included evaluating cognition, physical function, medication adherence, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and mental health among yoga participants versus controls using blinded assessors. We recruited 22 medically stable PLWH aged ≥35 years. A priori feasibility criteria were ≥70% yoga session attendance and ≥70% of participants satisfied with the intervention using a postparticipation questionnaire. Two participants withdrew from the yoga group. Mean yoga class attendance was 82%, with 100% satisfaction. Intention-to-treat analyses (yoga n = 11, control n = 11) showed no within- or between-group differences in cognitive and physical function. The yoga group improved over time in HRQoL cognition (P = .047) with trends toward improvements in HRQoL health transition (P =.063) and depression (P = .055). This pilot study provides preliminary evidence of feasibility and benefits of yoga for PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Quigley
- Department of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kelly Kathleen O’Brien
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marilyn MacKay-Lyons
- Department of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada
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O'Brien KK, Dagenais M, Solomon P, Worthington C, Chan Carusone S, Ibáñez-Carrasco F, Hanna S, Gahagan J, Baxter L, Robinson G, Gayle P, James D, Yates T. Use of Living Strategies among Adults Aging with HIV in Canada: Comparison by Age-Group Using Data from the HIV, Health and Rehabilitation Survey. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2019; 17:2325958218774041. [PMID: 29745310 PMCID: PMC6748490 DOI: 10.1177/2325958218774041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the type and frequency of living strategies used by adults living with HIV. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey that included 51 living strategies: maintaining sense of control, attitudes and beliefs, blocking HIV out of the mind, and social interaction. We examined the frequency of use and compared the proportion of respondents who engaged in strategies across 3 age-groups (<40 years, 40-49 years, and ≥50 years). Results: Of the 935 participants, the majority were men (79%) and most (≥60%) engaged “most” or “all of the time” in healthy lifestyle strategies and maintained a positive outlook living with HIV. Compared to younger participants, a higher proportion of older adults (≥50 years) engaged “most” or “all the time” in strategies that involved maintaining control over health and adopting positive attitudes and outlook living with HIV. Conclusions: Findings can help to inform the role of self-management to enhance successful aging with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kathleen O'Brien
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthieu Dagenais
- 2 Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Solomon
- 4 School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Worthington
- 5 School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Francisco Ibáñez-Carrasco
- 7 Centre for Urban Health Studies, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Hanna
- 8 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- 9 Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Larry Baxter
- 10 Community Member, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Patriic Gayle
- 12 Gay Men's Health Collective (GMHC), London, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn James
- 13 Nine Circles Community Health Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tammy Yates
- 14 Realize, formerly the Canadian Working Group on HIV and Rehabilitation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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O’Brien KK, Hanna S, Solomon P, Worthington C, Ibáñez-Carrasco F, Chan Carusone S, Nixon S, Merritt B, Gahagan J, Baxter L, Gayle P, Robinson G, Baltzer Turje R, Tattle S, Yates T. Characterizing the disability experience among adults living with HIV: a structural equation model using the HIV disability questionnaire (HDQ) within the HIV, health and rehabilitation survey. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:594. [PMID: 31286891 PMCID: PMC6615082 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People aging with HIV can experience a variety of health challenges associated with HIV and multimorbidity, referred to as 'disability'. Our aim was to characterize the disability experience and examine relationships between dimensions of disability among adults living with HIV. METHODS We performed a structural equation modeling analysis with data from the Canadian web-based HIV, Health and Rehabilitation Survey. We measured disability using the HIV Disability Questionnaire (HDQ), a patient-reported outcome (69 items) that measures presence, severity and episodic features of disability across six domains: 1) physical symptoms, 2) cognitive symptoms, 3) mental-emotional health symptoms, 4) difficulties carrying out day-to-day activities, 5) uncertainty and worrying about the future, and 6) challenges to social inclusion. We used HDQ severity domain scores to represent disability dimensions and developed a structural model to assess relationships between disability dimensions using path analysis. We determined overall model fit with a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of < 0.05. We classified path coefficients of ≥ 0.2-0.5 as a medium (moderate) effect and > 0.5 a large (strong) effect. We used Mplus software for the analysis. RESULTS Of the 941 respondents, most (79%) were men, taking combination antiretroviral medications (90%) and living with two or more simultaneous health conditions (72%). Highest HDQ presence and severity scores were in the uncertainty domain. The measurement model had good overall fit (RMSEA= 0.04). Results from the structural model identified physical symptoms as a strong direct predictor of having difficulties carrying out day-to-day activities (standardized path coefficient: 0.54; p < 0.001) and moderate predictor of having mental-emotional health symptoms (0.24; p < 0.001) and uncertainty (0.36; p < 0.001). Uncertainty was a strong direct predictor of having mental-emotional health symptoms (0.53; p < 0.001) and moderate direct predictor of having challenges to social inclusion (0.38; p < 0.001). The relationship from physical and cognitive symptoms to challenges to social inclusion was mediated by uncertainty, mental-emotional health symptoms, and difficulties carrying out day-to-day activities (total indirect effect from physical: 0.22; from cognitive: 0.18; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Uncertainty is a principal dimension of disability experienced by adults with HIV. Findings provide a foundation for clinicians and researchers to conceptualize disability and identifying areas to target interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. O’Brien
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Steven Hanna
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Patricia Solomon
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - Catherine Worthington
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Francisco Ibáñez-Carrasco
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions (CUHS), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Nixon
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Brenda Merritt
- School of Health & Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health & Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | | | - Patriic Gayle
- Gay Men’s Health Collective (GMHC), Three Flying Piglets, London, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen Tattle
- Realize, formerly the Canadian Working Group on HIV and Rehabilitation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tammy Yates
- Realize, formerly the Canadian Working Group on HIV and Rehabilitation, Toronto, Canada
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18
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Mock SE, Walker EP, Humble ÁM, de Vries B, Gutman G, Gahagan J, Chamberland L, Aubert P, Fast J. The Role of Information and Communication Technology in End-of-Life Planning Among a Sample of Canadian LGBT Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2019; 39:536-544. [PMID: 31068036 DOI: 10.1177/0733464819848634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the role of technology in later-life planning among older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT) adults, we conducted focus groups to explore factors linked to diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. Twenty focus groups were facilitated across Canada with 93 participants aged 55 to 89. Constant comparative analysis yielded four categories: (a) fear, (b) individual benefits, (d) social elements, and (d) contextual elements. Fear related to technology and fear of end-of-life planning. Individual benefits referred to technology as a platform for developing LGBT identities and as a source of information for later-life planning. Social elements were establishment and maintenance of personal relationships and social support networks. Contextual elements referred to physical and situational barriers to technology use that limited access and usability. These findings can inform technological practice and services to enhance later-life planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Áine M Humble
- Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Gloria Gutman
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Patrick Aubert
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Dol J, Campbell-Yeo M, Tomblin Murphy G, Aston M, McMillan D, Gahagan J, Richardson B. Parent-targeted postnatal educational interventions in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review and critical analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 94:60-73. [PMID: 30933873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and map existing postnatal educational interventions targeting parents in low and middle-income countries. A secondary objective is to conduct a critical analysis of the strengths and limitations of the educational strategies used for parent-targeted postnatal education. Design & data sources: Using scoping review methodology, MedLine, CINAHL, and SCOPUS were searched in October 2017. REVIEW METHODS All studies published after 2000 reporting on educational interventions that targeted parents from the period of birth to 6 weeks postnatally in low and middle-income countries were included. Studies were excluded if they targeted healthcare professionals or were community interventions that spanned antenatal to postnatal care. Title, abstract and full-text screening was conducted by two reviewers. RESULTS We initially identified 9284 articles with 77 articles included after title, abstract and full-text screening. Most of the studies were quantitative (94%) with over half published after 2014. Most studies (61%) targeted a single newborn care education intervention, of which 75% targeted breastfeeding. Interventions used on average three different methods of implementation (e.g., verbal, written information, counselling). Interventions were provided in the hospital (76%), at home (23%), at a clinic/hospital (8%), and/or virtually through an eHealth intervention, including phone or text messages (12%). Maternal outcomes primarily included knowledge, self-efficacy, anxiety and stress while newborn outcomes primarily included exclusive breastfeeding, weight gain at follow-up, and morbidities. Positive changes were found to occur for reported maternal outcomes (89%) and newborn outcomes (56%). CONCLUSIONS Parent-targeted education varied in terms of educational topics covered, method and location of intervention, and outcomes examined. While the best strategies of implementing postnatal education interventions to parents in low and middle-income countries is yet to be determined, evidence suggests that current interventions had a positive impact on parents' outcomes using a combined approach. Further work is needed to evaluate the impact on newborn outcomes and to identify the most effective methods and timing of the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Dol
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, 902-470-2638, Canada; World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning and Research, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Dalhousie University, Canada.
| | - Marsha Campbell-Yeo
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, 902-470-2638, Canada; School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Canada; Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Canada; World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning and Research, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Gail Tomblin Murphy
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Canada; World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning and Research, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Megan Aston
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Canada; World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning and Research, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Douglas McMillan
- Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Brianna Richardson
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Canada
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20
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de Vries B, Gutman G, Humble Á, Gahagan J, Chamberland L, Aubert P, Fast J, Mock S. End-of-Life Preparations Among LGBT Older Canadian Adults: The Missing Conversations. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2019; 88:358-379. [PMID: 30871331 DOI: 10.1177/0091415019836738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) older adults are more likely than their heterosexual peers to age with limited support in stigmatizing environments often poorly served by traditional social services challenging their preparedness for end of life. Fourteen focus groups and three individual interviews were conducted in five Canadian cities with gay/bisexual men (5 groups; 40 participants), lesbian/bisexual women (5 groups; 29 participants), and transgender persons (3 interviews, 4 groups; 24 participants). Four superordinate themes were identified: (a) motivators and obstacles, (b) relationship concerns, (c) dynamics of LGBT culture and lives, and (d) institutional concerns. Several pressing issues emerged including depression and isolation (more common among gay and bisexual men), financial/class issues (lesbian and bisexual women), and uncomfortable interactions with health-care providers (transgender participants). These findings highlight the challenges and complexities in end-of-life preparation within LGBT communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian de Vries
- 1 Gerontology Program, San Francisco State University, CA, USA
| | - Gloria Gutman
- 2 Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Áine Humble
- 3 Family Studies and Gerontology Department, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Line Chamberland
- 5 Department of Sexology, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Aubert
- 2 Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janet Fast
- 6 Human Ecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Steven Mock
- 7 Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
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21
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Lee-Foon N, George C, Gahagan J, Etowa J, Weaver R. Minding the gap: health and social care provider perceptions of parental communication and Black-Canadian youths' sexual health. Cult Health Sex 2018; 20:1347-1361. [PMID: 29508642 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2018.1435905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Health and social care providers' perceptions of Black-Canadian parent-youth sexual health communication has important implications for addressing knowledge gaps in the provision of services to young people and their parents. Providers' perceptions are crucial as they often act as advisers in tailoring programmes or services to the perceived needs of parents and youth. To understand these perceptions, 17 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with providers who worked with African, Caribbean or Black (ACB) parents and youth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Critical Race Theory was used to help guide the interpretation of findings. The findings revealed providers believed that many parents were unlikely to explicitly discuss sexual health or HIV prevention with young people. Additionally, providers perceived that the content of and approach to parent-youth sexual health communication differed between African and Caribbean clients. Moreover, providers believed that both parents' and young people's sex and gender impacted the quality, content and style of sexual health communication and had important implications for programme development. Overall, findings suggest a need for understanding the development of providers' perceptions of this communication, ways to address these perceptions and further parent-provider collaboration to promote Black youths' sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakia Lee-Foon
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa , ON , Canada
- d Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Clemon George
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa , ON , Canada
- e Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of the West Indies , Bridgetown , Barbados
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- b School of Health and Human Performance , Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
| | - Josephine Etowa
- c Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Robert Weaver
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa , ON , Canada
- f Department of Health and Exercise Science , Rowan University , Glassboro , NJ , USA
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Fish JN, Watson RJ, Gahagan J, Porta CM, Beaulieu-Prévost D, Russell ST. Smoking behaviours among heterosexual and sexual minority youth? Findings from 15 years of provincially representative data. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 38:101-110. [PMID: 30478862 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Sexual identity disparities in smoking behaviours are well established; however, there is limited research on whether these disparities have diminished as the social and political landscape has changed for lesbian, gay and bisexual people. Thus, we examined changes in prevalence and sexual identity disparities in three smoking behaviours among Canadian adolescents from 1998 to 2013. DESIGN AND METHODS Data are from the provincially representative British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey (N = 99 373). Using sex-stratified, age-adjusted logistic regression models, we estimated: (i) trends in lifetime cigarette use, early onset, and past 30-day use for heterosexual and three subgroups of sexual minority (i.e. mostly heterosexual, bisexual and gay/lesbian) youth; (ii) sexual identity disparities in these cigarette-related behaviours within each survey year (1998, 2003, 2008, 2013); and (iii) whether the size of the disparity has changed from 1998 to 2013. RESULTS Smoking has declined for all youth from 1998 to 2013, although less consistently for sexual minority youth. Within-year disparity estimates indicated elevated prevalence of cigarette use for sexual minority compared to heterosexual youth, particularly among females. Trends in sexual identity and smoking behaviours indicated that the degree of differences between heterosexual and sexual minority youth have remained stable or, in some cases, widened. Heterosexual and sexual minority youth differences widened for early onset among sexual minority boys and lifetime and past 30-day use for sexual minority girls. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Efforts to prevent smoking behaviours among youth should continue. Tailored preventive strategies for sexual minority youth might help address existing disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Fish
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Ryan J Watson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Health Promotion Division, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Carolyn M Porta
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Stephen T Russell
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
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Watson RJ, VanKim NA, Rose HA, Porta CM, Gahagan J, Eisenberg ME. Unhealthy weight control behaviors among youth: Sex of sexual partner is linked to important differences. Eat Disord 2018; 26:448-463. [PMID: 29601272 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1453633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs) have been decreasing for most youth over time, yet little is known whether these behaviors have changed for sexual minority (e.g., non-heterosexual) youth. This is important because many studies have found that sexual minorities report some of the highest rates of UWCBs. To determine whether or not these behaviors have changed over time, given the extreme changes in social contexts over the past two decades, we utilised three waves of the Minnesota Student Survey (N = 55,597, Mage = 17). In doing so, we report trends, disparities, and changes in disparities of UWCBs. Overall, the prevalence of UWCBs has declined from 1999 to 2010 for all youth, but there are alarming disparities by sex of sexual partner. We found that both- and same-sex partnered male youth were more likely to fast, use diet pills, and vomit on purpose to lose weight compared to their opposite-sex partnered counterparts in all three survey years; specifically, both-sex partnered boys were up to 5.5× as likely to vomit on purpose compared to their opposite-sex partnered counterparts. Likewise, both-sex partnered girls were more likely to use diet pills and vomit on purpose to lose weight compared to opposite-sex partnered girls in all three survey years. Additionally, the disparity in fasting to lose weight widened for the same-sex partnered females compared to the opposite-sex partnered females from 1998 to 2004. This has implications for UWCB interventions and preventions targeted specifically towards sexual minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Watson
- a Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Nicole A VanKim
- b University of Massachusetts - Amherst, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Hilary A Rose
- c Applied Human Sciences, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carolyn M Porta
- d School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- e School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canad
| | - Marla E Eisenberg
- f Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Gahagan J, Subirana-Malaret M. Improving pathways to primary health care among LGBTQ populations and health care providers: key findings from Nova Scotia, Canada. Int J Equity Health 2018; 17:76. [PMID: 29895297 PMCID: PMC5998559 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-018-0786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study explores the perceived barriers to primary health care as identified among a sample of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) identified individuals and health care providers in Nova Scotia, Canada. These findings, based on a province-wide anonymous online survey, suggest that additional efforts are needed to improve pathways to primary health among LGBTQ populations and in deepening our understanding of how to advance the unique primary health needs of these populations. Methods Data were collected from the LGBTQ community through an online, closed-ended anonymous survey. Inclusion criteria for participation were self-identifying as LGBTQ, offering primary health care to LGBTQ patients, being able to understand English, being 16 years of age or older, and having lived in Nova Scotia for at least one year. A total of 283 LGBTQ respondents completed the online survey which included sociodemographic questions, perceptions of respondents’ health status, and their primary health care experiences. In addition, a total of 109 health care providers completed the survey based on their experiences providing care in Nova Scotia, and in particular, their experiences and perceptions regarding LGBTQ access to primary health care and physician-patient interactions. Results Our results indicate that, in several key areas, the primary health care needs of LGBTQ populations in Nova Scotia are not being met and this may in turn contribute to their poor health outcomes across the life course. Conclusion A framework of intersectionality and health equity was used to interpret and analyze the survey data. The key findings indicate the need to continue improving pathways to primary health care among LGBTQ populations, specifically in relation to additional training and related supports for health care providers who work with these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health & Human Performance, Health Promotion, Gender & Health Promotion Studies Unit (GAHPS Unit), Healthy Populations Institute (HPI), Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3J5, Canada.
| | - Montse Subirana-Malaret
- School of Health & Human Performance, Health Promotion, Gender & Health Promotion Studies Unit (GAHPS Unit), Healthy Populations Institute (HPI), Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3J5, Canada.,Advanced Studies Group on Violence, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology Unit, Universitat de Barcelona, Faculty of Psychology, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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McIsaac JL, Warner G, Lawrence L, Urquhart R, Price S, Gahagan J, McNally M, Jackson LA. The application of implementation science theories for population health: A critical interpretive synthesis. AIMS Public Health 2018; 5:13-30. [PMID: 30083567 PMCID: PMC6070464 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2018.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Over the last decade, the field of implementation science (IS) has yielded an array of theoretical approaches to clarify and understand how factors influence the application and scaling-up of evidence-based practice in health care. These developments have led to questions about whether IS theories and frameworks might be of value to population health researchers and decision makers. The purpose of this research was to conduct a critical interpretive synthesis to explore, if, and how, key IS theories and frameworks might inform population health interventions aimed at reducing the burden of illness across populations. METHODS An initial list of theories and frameworks was developed based on previous published research and narrowed to focus on theories considered as formative for the field of IS. A standardized data extraction form was used to gather key features of the theories and critically appraise their relevance to population health interventions. RESULTS Ten theories were included in the review and six deemed most applicable to population health based on their consideration of broader contextual and system-level factors. The remaining four were determined to have less relevant components for population health due to their limited consideration of macro-level factors, often focusing on micro (individual) and meso (organizational) level factors. CONCLUSIONS Theories and frameworks are important to guide the implementation and sustainability of population health interventions. The articulation of meso level factors common in IS theories may be of value to interventions targeted at the population level. However, some of the reviewed theories were limited in their consideration of broader contextual factors at the macro level (community, policy or societal). This critical interpretive synthesis also found that some theories lacked provision of practical guidance to address interventions targeting structural factors such as key social determinants of health (e.g., housing, income).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie-Lee McIsaac
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Faculty of Education, Mount Saint Vincent University, Canada
| | - Grace Warner
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Logan Lawrence
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Robin Urquhart
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Sheri Price
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Mary McNally
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Lois A Jackson
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Canada
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Kielly J, Kelly DV, Hughes C, Day K, Hancock S, Asghari S, Gahagan J, Marra C, Nguyen H. Adaptation of POCT for pharmacies to reduce risk and optimize access to care in HIV, the APPROACH study protocol: examining acceptability and feasibility. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:59. [PMID: 30788134 PMCID: PMC6376953 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 1 in 5 Canadians with HIV are unaware of their status. In many provinces and especially rural communities, barriers to HIV testing include lack of access, privacy concerns, and stigma. The availability of HIV point-of-care testing (POCT) is limited across Canada. Pharmacists are well positioned to address barriers by offering rapid HIV POCT and facilitating linkage to care. Methods We will use a type-2 hybrid implementation-effectiveness design to assess a pilot HIV POCT model in one urban and one rural pharmacy in each of two Canadian provinces over 6 months. In this feasibility trial the research aims include developing and assisting pharmacies in implementing the model, evaluating processes/determinants of program implementation, evaluating the model’s effects on client outcomes, preferences, and testing satisfaction. Using a community-based research approach, the research team will engage community stakeholders in each province including individuals with lived experience to inform the development of the pharmacy-based HIV testing model and support the research team throughout the study. A multipronged promotion campaign will be used to promote the study and facilitate recruitment. The pharmacy-based testing model will include pre/post-test counseling and linkage to care plans in addition to pharmacist-administered HIV POCT. Pharmacists will complete a comprehensive training program prior to implementing the testing model. Client demographics and satisfaction will be assessed by surveys and interviews. Pharmacists will document time required for testing and participate in a post-study focus group to discuss barriers/enablers. Implementation will be assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. The process of developing and implementing the model will be described using qualitative data and a logic model. Acceptability and barriers/enablers will be examined qualitatively based on survey responses. A preliminary costing assessment will consider the client, pharmacy, and government perspectives. Discussion The results of this pilot will inform modifications to the HIV POCT model to optimize effectiveness and increase scalability. The study has national importance, providing valuable information on improving access to HIV testing. Future applications of this research may expand the role of pharmacists in offering POCT for other sexually transmitted/bloodborne infections as tests become available in Canada. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03210701
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kielly
- 1School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 75 Tiffany Court, St. John's, Newfoundland A1A 0L1 Canada
| | - Deborah V Kelly
- 1School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 75 Tiffany Court, St. John's, Newfoundland A1A 0L1 Canada
| | - Christine Hughes
- 2Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Kristine Day
- 1School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 75 Tiffany Court, St. John's, Newfoundland A1A 0L1 Canada
| | - Stephanie Hancock
- 1School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 75 Tiffany Court, St. John's, Newfoundland A1A 0L1 Canada
| | - Shabnam Asghari
- 3Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- 4School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Carlo Marra
- 5School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hai Nguyen
- 1School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 75 Tiffany Court, St. John's, Newfoundland A1A 0L1 Canada
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deVries B, Gutman G, Chamberland L, Fast J, Gahagan J, Humble A, Mock S. PREPARATIONS FOR END OF LIFE AMONG LGBT OLDER CANADIANS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. deVries
- Gerontology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California,
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,
| | - G.M. Gutman
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,
| | - L. Chamberland
- University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,
| | - J. Fast
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,
| | - J. Gahagan
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,
| | - A. Humble
- Mount St. Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,
| | - S.E. Mock
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Zhou YR, Coleman WD, Huang Y, Sinding C, Wei W, Gahagan J, Micollier E, Su HH. Exploring the intersections of transnationalism, sexuality and HIV risk. Cult Health Sex 2017; 19:645-652. [PMID: 28485201 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2017.1300327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Rachel Zhou
- a School of Social Work and the Institute on Globalization and the Human Condition , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - William D Coleman
- b Department of Political Science , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Canada
| | - Yingying Huang
- c Centre for Studies of Sociological Theories and Methods and Institute of Sexuality and Gender , Renmin University of China , Beijing , China
| | | | - Wei Wei
- e Department of Sociology , East China Normal University , Shangai , China
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- f School of Health and Human Performance , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
| | - Evelyne Micollier
- g IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) UMI 233, INSERM U1175 , Local Cultures and Global Health Cluster, University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Helen Hong Su
- d School of Social Work , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
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Minichiello A, Swab M, Chongo M, Marshall Z, Gahagan J, Maybank A, Hot A, Schwandt M, Gaudry S, Hurley O, Asghari S. HIV Point-of-Care Testing in Canadian Settings: A Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2017; 5:76. [PMID: 28459048 PMCID: PMC5394765 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV point-of-care testing (POCT) was approved for use in Canada in 2005 and provides important public health benefits by providing rapid screening results rather than sending a blood sample to a laboratory and waiting on test results. Access to test results soon after testing (or during the same visit) is believed to increase the likelihood that individuals will receive their results and improve access to confirmatory testing and linkages to care. This paper reviews the literature on the utilization of HIV POCT across Canadian provinces. Methods We searched OVID Medline, Embase, EBM Reviews, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and 20 electronic grey literature databases. All empirical studies investigating HIV POCT programs in Canada published in French or English were included. Results Searches of academic databases identified a total of 6,091 records. After removing duplicates and screening for eligibility, 27 records were included. Ten studies are peer-reviewed articles, and 17 are grey literature reports. HIV POCT in Canada is both feasible and accepted by Canadians. It is preferred to conventional HIV testing (ranging from 81.1 to 97%), and users are highly satisfied with the testing process (ranging between 96 and 100%). Conclusion The majority of studies demonstrate that HIV POCT is feasible, preferred, and accepted by diverse populations in Canada. Losses to follow-up and linkage rates are also good. However, more research is needed to understand how best to scale up HIV POCT in contexts that currently have very limited or no access to testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Swab
- Health Sciences Library, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Meck Chongo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Zack Marshall
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,Department of Social Development Studies and School of Social Work, Renison University College, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Health Promotion Division, Faculty of Health Professions, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Allison Maybank
- Center for Rural Health Studies, Primary Health Care Research Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Aurélie Hot
- Coalition des organismes communautaires québécois de lutte contre le sida, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Schwandt
- Faculty of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sonia Gaudry
- CIHR Centre for REACH in HIV/AIDS and CIHR CBR Collaborative: A Program of REACH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver Hurley
- Center for Rural Health Studies, Primary Health Care Research Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Shabnam Asghari
- Center for Rural Health Studies, Primary Health Care Research Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Condran B, Gahagan J, Isfeld-Kiely H. A scoping review of social media as a platform for multi-level sexual health promotion interventions. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 2017. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.261-a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
While social media can present unique opportunities for sexual health promotion interventions that target social ecological levels beyond the intrapersonal, health promotion as a discipline has not yet fully realized the potential of these platforms. The following scoping review focuses on the use of social media in the delivery of sexual health interventions targeting the interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy levels of the social ecological model for change. A total of 398 articles on social media-based sexual health promotion interventions were identified. From this, 67 articles were reviewed in-depth, and 24 met the criteria for inclusion. Of these, four articles described interventions that focused on changing the knowledge, attitudes or behaviour of participants at the intrapersonal level. The remaining 20 articles targeted levels beyond the intrapersonal, with an emphasis on promoting change at broader levels to create environments that support sustained behavioural change. The examples provided by the 24 studies reviewed in this scoping review demonstrate how social media can offer unique health promotion tools for creating social networks and communities to support or deliver intervention activities, as well as for connecting individuals with appropriate and contextually responsive sexual health services. This scoping review provides valuable insights into potential strategies for developing and conducting multi-level social media-based sexual health promotion interventions and identifies areas where outcome and evaluative data are needed to demonstrate impact and potential for scale-up of intervention strategies.
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Nannozi V, Wobudeya E, Matsiko N, Gahagan J. Motivators of couple HIV counseling and testing (CHCT) uptake in a rural setting in Uganda. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:104. [PMID: 28114968 PMCID: PMC5259987 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Couple HIV Counseling and Testing (CHCT) is one of the key preventive strategies used to reduce the spread of HIV. In Uganda, HIV prevalence among married/living together is 7.2% among women and 7.6% among men. CHCT can help ease disclosure of HIV-positive status, which in turn may help increase opportunities to get social support and reduce new infections. The uptake of CHCT among attendees of health facilities in rural Uganda is as high as 34%. The purpose of this study was to explore the motivators of CHCT uptake in Mukono district, a rural setting in Uganda. METHODS The study was conducted in two sub-counties in a rural district (Mukono district) about 28 km east of the capital Kampala, using a descriptive and explorative qualitative research design. Specifically, we conducted focus group discussions and key informant interviews with HIV focal persons, village health team (VHT) members, religious leaders and political leaders. We also interviewed persons in couple relationships. Data was analysed using NVivo 8 software. Ethical clearance was received from the Mengo Hospital Research Review Board and from the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology. RESULTS The study was conducted from June 2013 to July 2013 We conducted 4 focus group discussions, 10 key informant interviews and interviewed 53 persons in couple relationships. None of the participants were a couple. The women were 68% (36/53) and 49% (26/53) of them were above 29 years old. The motivators of CHCT uptake were; perceived benefit of HIV testing, sickness of a partner or child in the family and suspicion of infidelity. Other important motivators were men involvement in antenatal care (ANC) attendance and preparation for marriage. CONCLUSION The motivators for CHCT uptake included the perceived benefit of HIV testing, sickness of a partner or child, preparation for marriage, lack of trust among couples and men involvement in antenatal care. Greater attention to enhancers of CHCT programming is needed in trying to strengthen its uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Nannozi
- Makerere University Joint AIDS program, P. O. Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eric Wobudeya
- Mulago National Referral Hospital, P. O. Box 7051, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Nicholas Matsiko
- Joint Clinical Research Center, P. O. Box 10005, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Gender & Health Promotion studies unit (GAHPS unit), Dalhousie University School of Health & Human Performance, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3J5, Canada
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Adamson K, Jackson L, Gahagan J. Young people and injection drug use: Is there a need to expand harm reduction services and support? International Journal of Drug Policy 2017; 39:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Colpitts E, Gahagan J. "I feel like I am surviving the health care system": understanding LGBTQ health in Nova Scotia, Canada. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1005. [PMID: 27658489 PMCID: PMC5034675 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there is a dearth of baseline data on the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) populations in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Historically, LGBTQ health research has tended to focus on individual-level health risks associated with poor health outcomes among these populations, which has served to obscure the ways in which they maintain their own health and wellness across the life course. As such, there is an urgent need to shift the focus of LGBTQ health research towards strengths-based perspectives that explore the complex and resilient ways in which LGBTQ populations promote their health. Methods This paper discusses the findings of our recent scoping review as well as the qualitative data to emerge from community consultations aimed at developing strengths-based approaches to understanding and advancing LGBTQ pathways to health across Nova Scotia. Results Our scoping review findings demonstrated the lack of strengths-based research on LGBTQ health in Nova Scotia. Specifically, the studies examined in our scoping review identified a number of health-promoting factors and a wide variety of measurement tools, some of which may prove useful for future strengths-based health research with LGBTQ populations. In addition, our community consultations revealed that many participants had negative experiences with health care systems and services in Nova Scotia. However, participants also shared a number of factors that contribute to LGBTQ health and suggestions for how LGBTQ pathways to health in Nova Scotia can be improved. Conclusions There is an urgent need to conduct research on the health needs, lived experiences, and outcomes of LGBTQ populations in Nova Scotia to address gaps in our knowledge of their unique health needs. In moving forward, it is important that future health research take an intersectional, strengths-based perspective in an effort to highlight the factors that promote LGBTQ health and wellness across the life course, while taking into account the social determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Colpitts
- Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Stairs House, 6230 South Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Stairs House, 6230 South Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Loutfy M, Greene S, Kennedy VL, Lewis J, Thomas-Pavanel J, Conway T, de Pokomandy A, O'Brien N, Carter A, Tharao W, Nicholson V, Beaver K, Dubuc D, Gahagan J, Proulx-Boucher K, Hogg RS, Kaida A. Establishing the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS): Operationalizing Community-based Research in a Large National Quantitative Study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2016; 16:101. [PMID: 27543135 PMCID: PMC4992236 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-016-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community-based research has gained increasing recognition in health research over the last two decades. Such participatory research approaches are lauded for their ability to anchor research in lived experiences, ensuring cultural appropriateness, accessing local knowledge, reaching marginalized communities, building capacity, and facilitating research-to-action. While having these positive attributes, the community-based health research literature is predominantly composed of small projects, using qualitative methods, and set within geographically limited communities. Its use in larger health studies, including clinical trials and cohorts, is limited. We present the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS), a large-scale, multi-site, national, longitudinal quantitative study that has operationalized community-based research in all steps of the research process. Successes, challenges and further considerations are offered. Discussion Through the integration of community-based research principles, we have been successful in: facilitating a two-year long formative phase for this study; developing a novel survey instrument with national involvement; training 39 Peer Research Associates (PRAs); offering ongoing comprehensive support to PRAs; and engaging in an ongoing iterative community-based research process. Our community-based research approach within CHIWOS demanded that we be cognizant of challenges managing a large national team, inherent power imbalances and challenges with communication, compensation and volunteering considerations, and extensive delays in institutional processes. It is important to consider the iterative nature of community-based research and to work through tensions that emerge given the diverse perspectives of numerous team members. Conclusions Community-based research, as an approach to large-scale quantitative health research projects, is an increasingly viable methodological option. Community-based research has several advantages that go hand-in-hand with its obstacles. We offer guidance on implementing this approach, such that the process can be better planned and result in success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Loutfy
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St., Room 6415, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1B2. .,Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Saara Greene
- School of Social Work, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Logan Kennedy
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St., Room 6415, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1B2
| | - Johanna Lewis
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St., Room 6415, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1B2.,Interdisciplinary Studies Program, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie Thomas-Pavanel
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St., Room 6415, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1B2
| | - Tracey Conway
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St., Room 6415, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1B2.,International Community of Women living with HIV, North America (ICWNA) New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexandra de Pokomandy
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadia O'Brien
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Allison Carter
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wangari Tharao
- Women's Health in Women's Hands Community Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Nicholson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kerrigan Beaver
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St., Room 6415, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1B2
| | - Danièle Dubuc
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Health Promotion Division, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Karène Proulx-Boucher
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert S Hogg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Gahagan J. Commentary on the new sex and gender editorial policy of the Canadian Journal of Public Health. Can J Public Health 2016; 107:e140-e141. [PMID: 27526209 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.107.5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While the concepts of both "sex" and "gender" are widely recognized as important considerations in health research, the presence of these and other key determinants of health in research findings remains quite variable in the published literature. In an effort to close this knowledge gap in relation to the implications of both sex and gender in the public health research evidence base, the Canadian Journal of Public Health (CJPH) has recently adopted an editorial policy requiring authors to ensure that their manuscripts speak to these concepts, where applicable. In keeping with the international trend in sex and gender reporting in health research, the aim of this policy shift is for CJPH to continue to advance excellence in the field of public health research, policy and practice in Canada and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Gahagan
- Health Promotion Division, Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3J5, Canada.
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Nannozi V, Wobudeya E, Gahagan J. Fear of an HIV positive test result: an exploration of the low uptake of couples HIV counselling and testing (CHCT) in a rural setting in Mukono district, Uganda. Glob Health Promot 2016; 24:33-42. [PMID: 27235411 DOI: 10.1177/1757975916635079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Couples HIV counselling and testing (CHCT) is a key preventive strategy used to reduce the spread of HIV. In Uganda, HIV prevalence among married or cohabiting couples is 5.6%, compared to 2.2% among those never married. CHCT can help ease disclosure of HIV positive status, which in turn may help increase opportunities to obtain social supports and reduce new infections. The purpose of this study was aimed at exploring the possible reasons for the low uptake of CHCT in Mukono district, a rural in setting in Uganda. METHODS The study was conducted in two sub-counties in a rural district (Mukono district) using a descriptive qualitative research design. Specifically, we conducted four focus group discussions and 10 key informant interviews. We also interviewed 53 individuals in couple relationships. Data were collected mainly in the local language Luganda and English, all data were transcribed into English and coded for emergent themes. Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Mengo Hospital Research Review Board and from the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology. RESULTS Fear of a positive HIV test result emerged strongly as the most significant barrier to CHCT. To a lesser extent, perceptions and knowledge of CHCT, mistrust in marriages and culture were also noted by participants as important barriers to the uptake of CHCT among couples. Participants offered suggestions on ways to overcome these barriers, including peer couple counselling, offering incentives to couples that test together and door-to-door CHCT testing. CONCLUSION In an effort to improve the uptake of CHCT, it is crucial to involve both females and males in the planning and implementation of CHCT, as well as to address the misconceptions about CHCT and to prioritise CHCT within health care systems management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Wobudeya
- 2. Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
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Colpitts E, Gahagan J. The utility of resilience as a conceptual framework for understanding and measuring LGBTQ health. Int J Equity Health 2016; 15:60. [PMID: 27048319 PMCID: PMC4822231 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-016-0349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) health research has focused heavily on the risks for poor health outcomes, obscuring the ways in which LGBTQ populations maintain and improve their health across the life course. In this paper we argue that informing culturally competent health policy and systems requires shifting the LGBTQ health research evidence base away from deficit-focused approaches toward strengths-based approaches to understanding and measuring LGBTQ health. METHODS We recently conducted a scoping review with the aim of exploring strengths-based approaches to LGBTQ health research. Our team found that the concept of resilience emerged as a key conceptual framework. This paper discusses a subset of our scoping review findings on the utility of resilience as a conceptual framework in understanding and measuring LGBTQ health. RESULTS The findings of our scoping review suggest that the ways in which resilience is defined and measured in relation to LGBTQ populations remains contested. Given that LGBTQ populations have unique lived experiences of adversity and discrimination, and may also have unique factors that contribute to their resilience, the utility of heteronormative and cis-normative models of resilience is questionable. Our findings suggest that there is a need to consider further exploration and development of LGBTQ-specific models and measures of resilience that take into account structural, social, and individual determinants of health and incorporate an intersectional lens. CONCLUSIONS While we fully acknowledge that the resilience of LGBTQ populations is central to advancing LGBTQ health, there remains much work to be done before the concept of resilience can be truly useful in measuring LGBTQ health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Colpitts
- Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Stairs House, P.O. Box 15000, 6230 South Street, Halifax, N.S, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Stairs House, P.O. Box 15000, 6230 South Street, Halifax, N.S, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Gahagan J, Colpitts E. Understanding and Measuring LGBTQ Pathways to Health: A Scoping Review of Strengths-Based Health Promotion Approaches in LGBTQ Health Research. J Homosex 2016; 64:95-121. [PMID: 27043161 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1172893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Health research traditionally has focused on the health risks and deficits of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) populations, obscuring the determinants that can promote health across the life course. Recognizing, appropriately measuring, and rendering visible these determinants of health is paramount to informing appropriate and engaging health policies, services, and systems for LGBTQ populations. The overarching purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the findings of a scoping review aimed at exploring strengths-based health promotion approaches to understanding and measuring LGBTQ health. Specifically, this scoping review examined peer-reviewed, published academic literature to determine (a) existing methodological frameworks for studying LGBTQ health from a strengths-based health promotion approach, and (b) suggestions for future methodological approaches for studying LGBTQ health from a strengths-based health promotion approach. The findings of this scoping review will be used to inform the development of a study aimed at assessing the health of and improving pathways to health services among LGBTQ populations in Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Gahagan
- a Health Promotion Division, Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, School of Health and Human Performance , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Emily Colpitts
- a Health Promotion Division, Gender and Health Promotion Studies Unit, School of Health and Human Performance , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
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Caine V, Mill J, O'Brien K, Solomon P, Worthington C, Dykeman M, Gahagan J, Maina G, De Padua A, Arneson C, Rogers T, Chaw-Kant J. Implementation Process of a Canadian Community-based Nurse Mentorship Intervention in HIV Care. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2015; 27:274-84. [PMID: 26644019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe salient individual and organizational factors that influenced engagement of registered nurses in a 12-month clinical mentorship intervention on HIV care in Canada. The intervention included 48 nurses and 8 people living with HIV (PLWH) who were involved in group-based and one-on-one informal mentorship informed by transformative learning theory. We evaluated the process of implementing the mentorship intervention using qualitative content analysis. The inclusion of PLWH as mentors, the opportunities for reciprocal learning, and the long-term commitment of individual nurses and partner organizations in HIV care were major strengths. Challenges included the need for multiple ethical approvals, the lack of organizational support at some clinical sites, and the time commitment required by participants. We recommend that clinical mentorship interventions in HIV care consider organizational support, adhere to the Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS principles, and explore questions of professional obligations.
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Gahagan J, Gray K, Whynacht A. Sex and gender matter in health research: addressing health inequities in health research reporting. Int J Equity Health 2015; 14:12. [PMID: 25637131 PMCID: PMC4320818 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-015-0144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention to the concepts of 'sex' and 'gender' is increasingly being recognized as contributing to better science through an augmented understanding of how these factors impact on health inequities and related health outcomes. However, the ongoing lack of conceptual clarity in how sex and gender constructs are used in both the design and reporting of health research studies remains problematic. Conceptual clarity among members of the health research community is central to ensuring the appropriate use of these concepts in a manner that can advance our understanding of the sex- and gender-based health implications of our research findings. During the past twenty-five years much progress has been made in reducing both sex and gender disparities in clinical research and, to a significant albeit lesser extent, in basic science research. Why, then, does there remain a lack of uptake of sex- and gender-specific reporting of health research findings in many health research journals? This question, we argue, has significant health equity implications across all pillars of health research, from biomedical and clinical research, through to health systems and population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Gahagan
- Gender & Health Promotion Studies Unit (GAHPS Unit), Head, Health Promotion Division, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Kimberly Gray
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ardath Whynacht
- Department of Sociology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada.
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Drake C, Gahagan J. Working "upstream": why we shouldn't use heterosexual women as health promotion change agents in HIV-prevention interventions aimed at heterosexual men. Health Care Women Int 2015; 36:1270-89. [PMID: 25611811 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2015.1005305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of cognitive-behavioral interventions that aim to improve men's health-seeking behaviors via women-a trend that grows increasingly troublesome as gender inequality persists-cannot address the deep-seated social, economic, and political inequalities contributing to the spread of HIV/AIDS, such as sexism and poverty. Such methods often rely on generalizations about men and women and regard female empowerment as a key goal, despite employing shaky definitions of the concept. Here we use the principles of health promotion, particularly determinants of health, to reflect upon and critique current interventions and present alternative programming models that engage both men and women in changing men's health-seeking behaviors and working "upstream" rather than "downstream" of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Drake
- a Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- b School of Health and Human Performance (HAHP), Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
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O’Brien KK, Ibáñez-Carrasco F, Solomon P, Harding R, Cattaneo J, Chegwidden W, Gahagan J, Baxter L, Worthington C, Gayle P, Merritt B, Baltzer-Turje R, Iku N, Zack E. Advancing research and practice in HIV and rehabilitation: a framework of research priorities in HIV, disability and rehabilitation. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:724. [PMID: 25551619 PMCID: PMC4304172 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV increasingly is experienced as a complex chronic illness where individuals are living longer with a range of physical, cognitive, mental and social health-related challenges associated with HIV, comorbidities and aging, a concept that may be termed 'disability'. Rehabilitation such as physical therapy and occupational therapy can help address disability and has the potential to improve quality of life in people living with HIV. Hence, the role for rehabilitation in the context of HIV, aging and comorbidities is emerging. Our aim was to establish a framework of research priorities in HIV, disability and rehabilitation. METHODS We convened people living with HIV, clinicians, researchers, service providers, representatives from community-based organizations and policy and funding stakeholders to participate in the first International Forum on HIV and Rehabilitation Research. We conducted a multi-stakeholder consultation to identify current and emerging issues in HIV, disability and rehabilitation. Data were collated and analyzed using content analytical techniques. RESULTS Ninety-two participants attended the Forum from Canada, United Kingdom (UK), Ireland and the United States. Situated within three overarching themes (episodic health and disability across the life course; rehabilitation; and methodological advances), the Framework of Research Priorities in HIV, Disability and Rehabilitation includes six research priorities: 1) episodic health and disability; 2) aging with HIV across the life course; 3) concurrent health conditions; 4) access to rehabilitation and models of rehabilitation service provision; 5) effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions; and 6) enhancing outcome measurement in HIV and rehabilitation research. The Framework includes methodological considerations and environmental and personal contextual factors (or lenses) through which to approach research in the field. Knowledge translation should be implemented throughout the development and application of research knowledge to inform HIV clinical practice, programming and policy. CONCLUSIONS These priorities highlight the emerging priorities of living long-term with HIV and outline a plan for HIV and rehabilitation research in resource-rich countries such as the UK and Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K O’Brien
- />Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, ON Canada
- />Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 4th Floor, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON Canada
- />School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 403, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | | | - Patricia Solomon
- />School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 403, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Richard Harding
- />Cicely Saunders Institute, School of Medicine, King’s College London, Bessemer Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Cattaneo
- />AIDS Committee of Toronto, 399 Church Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - William Chegwidden
- />Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- />University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- />School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Stairs House, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Larry Baxter
- />Canadian Working Group on HIV and Rehabilitation, 600 Bay Street, Suite 600, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Catherine Worthington
- />School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Human and Social Development Building, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC Canada
| | | | - Brenda Merritt
- />School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Forrest Building, Room 215, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, NS Canada
| | | | - Nkem Iku
- />Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Elisse Zack
- />Canadian Working Group on HIV and Rehabilitation, 600 Bay Street, Suite 600, Toronto, ON Canada
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Hare K, Gahagan J, Jackson L, Steenbeek A. Perspectives on “Pornography”: Exploring sexually explicit Internet movies' influences on Canadian young adults' holistic sexual health. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 2014. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the vast number of Canadian young adults who consume sexually explicit Internet movies (SEIM), the potential influences SEIM consumption has on overall sexual health remains understudied. This study aimed to develop insight into what Canadian young adults perceive to be the influences of consuming SEIM on six components of sexual health: Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Self-Perception, Sexual Activity, Sexual Partner Relations, Perceptions of Sexuality, and Overall Wellbeing. Employing an exploratory qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 urban, heterosexual young adults (ages 19–29), who self-identified as having consumed SEIM for a period of at least one year. All interviews were audio-taped with permission, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using principles of constructivist grounded theory. Young adults described a wide range of influences that encompassed topics beyond physical reactions, to include experiences with overall sexuality and sexual self. These influences were perceived to result in both health benefits and health challenges. The disparities between this study's findings and other empirical SEIM studies suggest that conceptualizing SEIM consumption using person-centred, holistic perspectives may help researchers more effectively capture the multitude of diverse ways SEIM can influence Canadians' sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Hare
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Lois Jackson
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
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Jackson LA, Buxton JA, Dingwell J, Dykeman M, Gahagan J, Gallant K, Karabanow J, Kirkland S, LeVangie D, Sketris I, Gossop M, Davison C. Improving psychosocial health and employment outcomes for individuals receiving methadone treatment: a realist synthesis of what makes interventions work. BMC Psychol 2014; 2:26. [PMID: 25566385 PMCID: PMC4269989 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-014-0026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For over 50 years, methadone has been prescribed to opioid-dependent individuals as a pharmacological approach for alleviating the symptoms of opioid withdrawal. However, individuals prescribed methadone sometimes require additional interventions (e.g., counseling) to further improve their health. This study undertook a realist synthesis of evaluations of interventions aimed at improving the psychosocial and employment outcomes of individuals on methadone treatment, to determine what interventions work (or not) and why. METHODS The realist synthesis method was utilized because it uncovers the processes (or mechanisms) that lead to particular outcomes, and the contexts within which this occurs. A comprehensive search process resulted in 31 articles for review. Data were extracted from the articles, and placed in four templates to assist with analysis. Data analysis was an iterative process and involved comparing and contrasting data within and across each template, and cross checking with original articles to determine key patterns in the data. RESULTS For individuals on methadone, engagement with an intervention appears to be important for improved psychosocial and/or employment outcomes. The engagement process involves attendance at interventions as well as an investment in what is offered. Three intervention contexts (often in some combination) support the engagement process: a) client-centered contexts (or those where clients' psychosocial and/or employment needs/issues/skills are recognized and/or addressed); b) contexts which address clients' socio-economic conditions and needs; and, c) contexts where there are positive client-counselor and/or peer relationships. There is some evidence that sometimes ongoing engagement is necessary to maintain positive outcomes. There is also some evidence that complete abstinence from drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroin) is not necessary for engagement. CONCLUSIONS It is important to consider how the contexts of interventions might elicit and/or support clients' engagement. Further research is needed to explore how an individual's background (e.g., involvement with different interventions over an extended period) may influence engagement. Long-term engagement may be necessary to sustain some positive outcomes although how long is unclear and requires further research. Engagement can occur without complete abstinence from such drugs as cocaine or heroin, but additional research is required as engagement may be influenced by the extent and type of drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois A Jackson
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada ; Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre, Dalhousie University, 1318 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2 Canada
| | - Jane A Buxton
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Julie Dingwell
- AIDS Saint John, 62 Waterloo St, Saint John, NB E2L 3P3 Canada
| | - Margaret Dykeman
- University of New Brunswick, 2140 Hanwell Rd, Hanwell, NB B3C 1 M8 Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada ; Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre, Dalhousie University, 1318 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2 Canada
| | - Karen Gallant
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Jeff Karabanow
- School of Social Work, Dalhousie University, Suite 3201-1459 LeMarchant Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Ave., 4th Floor, Halifax, NS B3H 1 V7 Canada
| | - Dolores LeVangie
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada ; Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre, Dalhousie University, 1318 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2 Canada
| | - Ingrid Sketris
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, 5968 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Michael Gossop
- National Addiction Centre, King's College London, PO48, 4 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8BB UK
| | - Carolyn Davison
- Mental Health, Children's Services, and Addictions Branch, Nova Scotia Department of Health and Wellness, PO Box 488, Halifax, NS B3J 2R8 Canada
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Hare KA, Gahagan J, Jackson L, Steenbeek A. Revisualising 'porn': how young adults' consumption of sexually explicit Internet movies can inform approaches to Canadian sexual health promotion. Cult Health Sex 2014; 17:269-283. [PMID: 24917353 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2014.919409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Internet offers an invaluable opportunity to re-imagine ideas, constructs and disciplines to create innovative sexual health promotion interventions. To gain insight into what young adults (aged 19-28) may be seeking in online sexual resources and approaches, this study explored how young people perceived their sexual health to be influenced by their consumption of the highly utilised sexual medium of Sexually Explicit Internet Movies [SEIM]. Employing an exploratory, qualitative methodology, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 urban, heterosexual young adults, who self-identified as having consumed SEIM for a period of at least one year. All interviews were audiotaped with permission, transcribed verbatim and the data were analysed to identify emergent thematic concepts. Participants described utilising SEIM as an all-inclusive sexual forum to learn more about the positive aspects of sexual health, in a context that they viewed as being devoid of alternatives. Young adults' perceptions of the utility of SEIM suggest that it would be beneficial to create novel, sex-positive online sexual health interventions. Further exploration is clearly warranted on how Internet resources that are related to sexual health, such as SEIM, can be utilised to facilitate innovative approaches to online sexual health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Hare
- a School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
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Jackson LA, McWilliam S, Martin F, Dingwell J, Dykeman M, Gahagan J, Karabanow J. Key challenges in providing services to people who use drugs: The perspectives of people working in emergency departments and shelters in Atlantic Canada. Drugs (Abingdon Engl) 2014; 21:244-253. [PMID: 24954982 PMCID: PMC4046876 DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2013.870534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims Many people who use drugs (PWUD) have multiple health and social needs, and research suggests that this population is increasingly accessing emergency departments (EDs) and shelters for health care and housing. This qualitative study explored the practices of those working in EDs and shelters when providing services to PWUD, with a particular focus on key challenges in service provision. Methods EDs and shelters were conceptualized as ‘micro environments’ with various components (i.e. social, physical and resource). One-on-one interviews were conducted with 57 individuals working in EDs and shelters in Atlantic Canada. Findings The social, physical and resource environments within some EDs and shelters are key forces in shaping the challenges facing those providing services. For example, the social environments within these settings are focused on acute health care in the case of EDs, and housing in the case of shelters. These mandates do not encompass the complex needs of many PWUD. Resource issues within the wider community (e.g. limited drug treatment spaces) further contribute to the challenges. Conclusions Structural issues, internal and external to EDs and shelters need to be addressed to reduce the challenges facing many who work in these settings when providing services to PWUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois A Jackson
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada ; Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada
| | - Susan McWilliam
- Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada
| | - Fiona Martin
- Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada
| | | | - Margaret Dykeman
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick , Fredericton, NB , Canada
| | - Jacqueline Gahagan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada ; Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada
| | - Jeff Karabanow
- School of Social Work, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada
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Gahagan J. Sex and gender reporting in sexual health: implications for authors. Sex Health 2013; 10:477. [PMID: 24160859 DOI: 10.1071/sh13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sexual Health proposes a shift in editorial policies that will mirror those already adopted in other health journals, including the requirement of all authors to provide sex disaggregated data and an analysis of gender differences where they exist. This paper outlines the proposed new policy and reasons behind the move.
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McWilliam S, Jackson LA, Dykeman M, Gahagan J, Karabanow J. Keeping the focus on safer practices: A Safer Practices Lens. International Journal of Drug Policy 2013; 24:508-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Smylie L, Clarke B, Doherty M, Gahagan J, Numer M, Otis J, Smith G, McKay A, Soon C. The development and validation of sexual health indicators of Canadians aged 16-24 years. Public Health Rep 2013; 128 Suppl 1:53-61. [PMID: 23450885 DOI: 10.1177/00333549131282s106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We developed and validated a set of self-administered, multi-dimensional indicators of sexual health among Canadians aged 16-24 years. METHODS This study used a mixed-method qualitative and quantitative approach to develop and validate indicators of sexual health. We used the four-stage Dillman method to identify, focus-test, pilot-test, and validate key metrics to measure sexual health. We collected quantitative data to validate the measures through a computer-assisted self-interviewing program among a purposive sample of 1,158 people aged 16-24 years recruited from four Canadian provinces. RESULTS The survey contained 75 items measuring five dimensions of sexual health: (1) physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being in relation to sexuality; (2) approach to sexuality; (3) sexual relationships; (4) sexual experiences; and (5) discrimination, coercion, and violence. Principal components analysis for composite measures found seven components with eigenvalues ≥1. The factor structure was stable across gender, age, size of area of residence, and language in which the survey was completed. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.90. Indicators of condom use at last vaginal sex, protection self-efficacy, sexually transmitted infection/HIV testing self-efficacy, and sexual orientation also showed good construct validity. CONCLUSIONS The indicators constituted a conceptually grounded survey that is easy for young adults to complete and contains valid, reliable, and psychometrically robust measures. The survey instrument provides a tool for future research to collect population-level data to measure and monitor trends in the sexual health of young people in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Smylie
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Parker J, Jackson L, Dykeman M, Gahagan J, Karabanow J. Access to harm reduction services in Atlantic Canada: Implications for non-urban residents who inject drugs. Health Place 2012; 18:152-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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