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Clementi C, Romani A, Elisei F, De Angelis F, Daus F, Nunzi F. The dependence of the spectroscopic properties of orcein dyes on solvent proticity: insights from theory and experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15329-15337. [PMID: 34254084 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic spectral properties of α-hydroxy-orcein (α-HO), one of the main components of the orcein dye, have been extensively investigated in solvents of different proticity through UV-Vis spectrophotometry combined with DFT and TDDFT calculations. The results highlight the occurrence of an acid-base equilibrium between the neutral (absorption maximum at 475 nm) and the monoanionic (absorption maximum at 578 nm) forms of the molecule. The position of this equilibrium was found to be sensitively dependent on solvent proticity, solution concentration and pH. Quantum mechanical calculations support the rationalization of the experimental data, confirming the key role of the protic solvent in shifting the acid-base equilibrium, through the establishment of hydrogen bond interactions on specific functional groups of the dye. Both deprotonation and dye coordination with protic solvent molecules determine the reduction of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap (0.71 eV), that can be related with the bathochromic effect envisaged both experimentally (0.59 eV) and theoretically (0.50 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Clementi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Aldo Romani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. and Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), via Elce di Sotto, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Fausto Elisei
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. and Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), via Elce di Sotto, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Federica Daus
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Nunzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. and Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), via Elce di Sotto, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Zhang XR, Huang YZ, Gao HW, Jiang YL, Hu JG, Pi JK, Chen AJ, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Xie HQ. Hypoxic preconditioning of human urine-derived stem cell-laden small intestinal submucosa enhances wound healing potential. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:150. [PMID: 32252800 PMCID: PMC7137341 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are a valuable stem cell source for tissue engineering because they can be harvested non-invasively. Small intestine submucosa (SIS) has been used as scaffolds for soft tissue repair in the clinic. However, the feasibility and efficacy of a combination of USCs and SIS for skin wound healing has not been reported. In this study, we created a tissue-engineered skin graft, termed the SIS+USC composite, and hypothesized that hypoxic preconditioning would improve its wound healing potential. Methods USCs were seeded on SIS membranes to fabricate the SIS+USC composites, which were then cultured in normoxia (21% O2) or preconditioned in hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 h, respectively. The viability and morphology of USCs, the expression of genes related to wound angiogenesis and reepithelialization, and the secretion of growth factors were determined in vitro. The wound healing ability of the SIS+USC composites was evaluated in a mouse full-thickness skin wound model. Results USCs showed good cell viability and morphology in both normoxia and hypoxic preconditioning groups. In vitro, hypoxic preconditioning enhanced not only the expression of genes related to wound angiogenesis (VEGF and Ang-2) and reepithelialization (bFGF and EGF) but also the secretion of growth factors (VEGF, EGF, and bFGF). In vivo, hypoxic preconditioning significantly improved the wound healing potential of the SIS+USC composites. It enhanced wound angiogenesis at the early stage of wound healing, promoted reepithelialization, and improved the deposition and remodeling of collagen fibers at the late stage of wound healing. Conclusions Taken together, this study shows that hypoxic preconditioning provides an easy and efficient strategy to enhance the wound healing potential of the SIS+USC composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ru Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.1 Ke-Yuan-Si-Lu, Gao-Peng-Da-Dao, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.1 Ke-Yuan-Si-Lu, Gao-Peng-Da-Dao, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong-Wei Gao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.1 Ke-Yuan-Si-Lu, Gao-Peng-Da-Dao, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.1 Ke-Yuan-Si-Lu, Gao-Peng-Da-Dao, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun-Gen Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.1 Ke-Yuan-Si-Lu, Gao-Peng-Da-Dao, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin-Kui Pi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.1 Ke-Yuan-Si-Lu, Gao-Peng-Da-Dao, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.1 Ke-Yuan-Si-Lu, Gao-Peng-Da-Dao, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.1 Ke-Yuan-Si-Lu, Gao-Peng-Da-Dao, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.1 Ke-Yuan-Si-Lu, Gao-Peng-Da-Dao, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.1 Ke-Yuan-Si-Lu, Gao-Peng-Da-Dao, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Clementi C, Carlotti B, Burattini C, Pellegrino RM, Romani A, Elisei F. Effect of hydrogen bonding interaction on the photophysics of α-amino-orcein. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 214:522-530. [PMID: 30818151 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports for the first time a detailed spectroscopic investigation into the ground- and excited-state properties of α-amino-orcein (α-AO), one of the main components of the orcein dye, in solvents of different proticity and water at different pHs. In order to gain insight into the nature of the involved transitions and excited state deactivation pathways, the study was carried out by means of UV-Visible steady state and ultrafast spectroscopic techniques with the support of quantum mechanical calculations (DFT and TDDFT). The results highlight that the photophysical and photodynamic behaviour of α-AO are highly sensitive to the solvent proticity and pH. In particular, protic environment induces a red shift (55 nm) of the absorption spectrum together with a relevant decrease of the fluorescence quantum yield (from 0.19 in acetonitrile to 6.6 × 10-3 in methanol) and radiative rate constant (two orders of magnitude). A notable red shift is also caused by increasing the pH leading the molecule from monocationic to neutral and then monoanionic form through two deprotonation steps (pKa = 3.539 ± 0.006 and 11.180 ± 0.006). Following deprotonation, the molecule assumes spectral and photophysical properties very similar to those retrieved in protic media. The observed behaviour has been rationalized through the occurrence of hydrogen bonding, likely involving to a greater extent the carbonyl oxygen of α-AO and the protic solvent, that favours the charge delocalization on the whole chromophore as well as fast non-radiative excited state deactivation. The ultrafast spectroscopic investigation revealed in fact the presence, in protic solvent, of a short living component (tens of picoseconds), assignable to solvent complexed S1 state, alongside the long living component (few nanoseconds) observed in aprotic media and attributed to the solvent free S1 state. The results achieved in this study for α-AO provides an important contribution to the interpretation of absorption and fluorescence features of orcein dye mixture in more complex systems (protein based substrates within the many aspects of the cultural heritage and biomedical field) where hydrogen bonds are expected to play a crucial role in mediating the interaction with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Clementi
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - B Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Burattini
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - R M Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Romani
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; Center of Excellence on Scientific Methodologies applied to Archaeology and Art (SMAArt), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Elisei
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; Center of Excellence on the Innovative Nanostructured Materials (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Zomer HD, Trentin AG. Skin wound healing in humans and mice: Challenges in translational research. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 90:3-12. [PMID: 29289417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great progress in translational research concerning skin wound healing in the last few decades, no animal model fully predicts all clinical outcomes. The mouse is the most commonly used model, as it is easy to maintain and standardize, and is economically accessible. However, differences between murine and human skin repair, such as the contraction promoted by panniculus carnosus and the role of specific niches of skin stem cells, make it difficult to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, this review highlights the particularities of each species concerning skin morphophysiology, immunology, and genetics, which is essential to properly interpret findings and translate them to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D Zomer
- Department of Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Andrea G Trentin
- Department of Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Zombori T, Furák J, Nyári T, Cserni G, Tiszlavicz L. Evaluation of grading systems in stage I lung adenocarcinomas: a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:135-140. [PMID: 28747392 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There is no internationally accepted grading system for lung adenocarcinoma despite the new WHO classification. The architectural grade, the Kadota grade and the Sica score were evaluated and compared with overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). METHODS Comprehensive histological subtyping was used in a series of resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma to identify subtypes of adenocarcinomas, the architectural grade, the Kadota grade, the Sica grade, the mitotic count, nuclear atypia, the presence of lymphovascular, vascular and airway propagation, necrosis, and micropapillary or solid growth pattern in any percentage. Statistical models fitted included Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS 261 stage I adenocarcinomas were included. The 5-year survivals of different subtypes were as follows: lepidic (n=40, OS: 92.5%; DFS 91.6%), acinar (n=54, OS: 81.8%; DFS: 68.6%), papillary (n=49, OS: 73.6%; DFS: 61.0%), solid (n=95, OS: 64.7%; DFS: 57.8%) and micropapillary (n=23, OS: 34.8%; DFS: 33.5%). Concerning the architectural grade, there were significant differences between OS and DFS of low and intermediate (pOS=0.005, pDFS<0.001), low and high (pOS<0.001, pDFS<0.001) and intermediate and high grades (pOS=0.002, pDFS<0.001). Low-grade and intermediate grade tumours did not differ in survival according to Kadota grade and Sica grade. In the multivariable model, architectural grade was found to be an independent prognostic marker. In another model, architectural pattern proved to be superior to architectural grade. CONCLUSIONS Of the three grading systems compared, the architectural grade makes the best distinction between the outcome of low-grade, intermediate-grade and high-grade stage I adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Zombori
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Furák
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nyári
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Szeged, Hungary
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Gajda M, Jasztal A, Banasik T, Jasek-Gajda E, Chlopicki S. Combined orcein and martius scarlet blue (OMSB) staining for qualitative and quantitative analyses of atherosclerotic plaques in brachiocephalic arteries in apoE/LDLR -/- mice. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:671-681. [PMID: 28168649 PMCID: PMC5429900 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous cellular and extracellular components should be analyzed in sections of atherosclerotic plaques to assess atherosclerosis progression and vulnerability. Here, we combined orcein (O) staining for elastic fibers and martius scarlet blue (MSB) polychrome to visualize various morphological contents of plaque in brachiocephalic arteries (BCA) of apoE/LDLR−/− mice. Elastic fibers (including broken elastic laminae and ‘buried’ fibrous caps) were stained purple and they could be easily distinguished from collagen fibers (blue). Orcein allowed clear identification of even the finest elastic fibers. Erythrocytes were stained yellow and they could easily be discerned from mature fibrin (red). Old fibrin tends to acquire blue color. The method of OMSB staining is simple, takes less than 1 h to perform and can be adapted to automatic stainers. Most importantly, the color separation is good enough to allow digital automatic segmentation of specific components in tissue section and quantitative analysis of the plaque constituents. OMSB was used to compare atherosclerotic plaques in proximal and distal regions of BCA in apoE/LDLR−/− mice. In conclusion, OMSB staining represents a novel staining that could be routinely used for qualitative and quantitative microscopic assessments of formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of arteries with atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gajda
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Banasik
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Jasek-Gajda
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
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Morales-Avalos R, Soto-Domínguez A, García-Juárez J, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Bonilla-Galvan JR, Cardenas-Serna M, Guzmán-López S, Elizondo-Omaña RE. Characterization and morphological comparison of human dura mater, temporalis fascia, and pericranium for the correct selection of an autograft in duraplasty procedures. Surg Radiol Anat 2016; 39:29-38. [PMID: 27177905 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-016-1692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the morphological characteristics of the dura mater, the pericranium, and the temporal fascia to ascertain the most adequate tissue to use as a dura graft. METHODS 20 dura mater, 20 pericranium and 20 temporalis fascia samples were analyzed. Each of the samples was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, orcein, Van Gieson, Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff-Van Gieson (600 slides in total) for a general morphological evaluation, as well as a quantitative, morphometric and densitometric analysis of elastic fibers present in each of the tissues. RESULTS The micro-densitometric analysis of the tissues indicated that the area occupied by the elastic fibers showed values of 1.766 ± 1.376, 4.580 ± 3.041, and 8.253 ± 4.467 % for the dura mater, the temporalis fascia and the pericranium, respectively (p < 0.05, all pairs). The values observed in the analysis of the density intensity were 3.42E+06 ± 2.57E+06, 1.41E+07 ± 1.28E+07, and 1.63E+07 ± 9.19E+06 for the dura mater, the temporalis fascia and the pericranium, respectively (p < 0.05), dura mater vs. temporalis fascia and dura mater vs. pericranium). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to compare the dura mater with tissues for dural autograft and to quantify the elastic component present in these tissues. The results indicate that the temporalis fascia is a better dural graft because of its intrinsic tissue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Morales-Avalos
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), Ave. Madero s/n Col. Mitras Centro, C.P.64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jaime García-Juárez
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste (CIBIN), IMSS, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José R Bonilla-Galvan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), Ave. Madero s/n Col. Mitras Centro, C.P.64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Marcela Cardenas-Serna
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), Ave. Madero s/n Col. Mitras Centro, C.P.64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Santos Guzmán-López
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), Ave. Madero s/n Col. Mitras Centro, C.P.64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo E Elizondo-Omaña
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), Ave. Madero s/n Col. Mitras Centro, C.P.64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Klenner S, Witzel U, Paris F, Distler C. Structure and function of the septum nasi and the underlying tension chord in crocodylians. J Anat 2015; 228:113-24. [PMID: 26552989 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A long rostrum has distinct advantages for prey capture in an aquatic or semi-aquatic environment but at the same time poses severe problems concerning stability during biting. We here investigate the role of the septum nasi of brevirostrine crocodilians for load-absorption during mastication. Histologically, both the septum nasi and the septum interorbitale consist of hyaline cartilage and therefore mainly resist compression. However, we identified a strand of tissue extending longitudinally below the septum nasi that is characterized by a high content of collagenous and elastic fibers and could therefore resist tensile stresses. This strand of tissue is connected with the m. pterygoideus anterior. Two-dimensional finite element modeling shows that minimization of bending in the crocodilian skull can only be achieved if tensile stresses are counteracted by a strand of tissue. We propose that the newly identified strand of tissue acts as an active tension chord necessary for stabilizing the long rostrum of crocodilians during biting by transforming the high bending stress of the rostrum into moderate compressive stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klenner
- Allgemeine Zoologie und Neurobiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Witzel
- Forschungsgruppe Biomechanik, Lehrstuhl für Produktentwicklung, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Frank Paris
- Tierphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Claudia Distler
- Allgemeine Zoologie und Neurobiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Theoretical insight into electronic and photoelectrochemical properties of orcein dyes relevant to dye-sensitized solar cells. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Titford M. Progress in the Development of Microscopical Techniques for Diagnostic Pathology. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2009.32.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
Protein misfolding disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, have in common that a protein accumulates in an insoluble form in the affected tissue. The process of aggregation follows a mechanism of seeded polymerization. Although the toxic species is still not well defined, the process, rather than the end product, of fibril formation is likely the main culprit in amyloid toxicity. These findings suggest that therapeutic strategies directed against the protein misfolding cascade should focus on depleting aggregation intermediates rather than on large fibrillar aggregates. Recent studies involving natural compounds have suggested new intervention strategies. The polyphenol epi-gallocatechine-3-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenol in Camilla sinensis, binds directly to a large number of proteins that are involved in protein misfolding diseases and inhibits their fibrillization. Instead, it promotes the formation of stable, spherical aggregates. These spherical aggregates are not cytotoxic, have a lower β-sheet content than fibrils, and do not catalyze fibril formation. Correspondingly, epi-gallocatechine-3-gallate remodels amyloid fibrils into aggregates with the same properties. Derivatives of Orcein, which is a phenoxazine dye that can be isolated from the lichen Roccella tinctoria, form a second promising class of natural compounds. They accelerate fibril formation of the Alzheimer's disease-related amyloid-beta peptide. At the same time these compounds deplete oligomeric and protofibrillar forms of the peptide. These compounds may serve as proof-of-principle for the strategies of promoting and redirecting fibril formation. Both may emerge as two promising new therapeutic approaches to intervening into protein misfolding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bieschke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, One Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Cserni G, Sejben I, Bori R. Diagnosing vascular invasion in colorectal carcinomas: improving reproducibility and potential pitfalls. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:543-7. [PMID: 23592798 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The brain is rich in metals and has a high metabolic rate, making it acutely vulnerable to the toxic effects of endogenously produced free radicals. The abundant metals, iron and copper, transfer single electrons as they cycle between their reduced (Fe(2+) , Cu(1+) ) and oxidized (Fe(3+) , Cu(2+) ) states making them powerful catalysts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Even redox inert zinc, if present in excess, can trigger ROS production indirectly by altering mitochondrial function. While metal chelators seem to improve the clinical outcome of several neurodegenerative diseases, their mechanisms of action remain obscure and the effects of long-term use are largely unknown. Most chelators are not specific to a single metal and could alter the distribution of multiple metals in the brain, leading to unexpected consequences over the long-term. We show here how X-ray fluorescence will be a valuable tool to examine the effect of chelators on the distribution and amount of metals in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Nichol
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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James SA, Myers DE, de Jonge MD, Vogt S, Ryan CG, Sexton BA, Hoobin P, Paterson D, Howard DL, Mayo SC, Altissimo M, Moorhead GF, Wilkins SW. Quantitative comparison of preparation methodologies for X-ray fluorescence microscopy of brain tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:853-64. [PMID: 21533642 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) facilitates high-sensitivity quantitative imaging of trace metals at high spatial resolution over large sample areas and can be applied to a diverse range of biological samples. Accurate determination of elemental content from recorded spectra requires proper calibration of the XFM instrument under the relevant operating conditions. Here, we describe the manufacture, characterization, and utilization of multi-element thin-film reference foils for use in calibration of XFM measurements of biological and other specimens. We have used these internal standards to assess the two-dimensional distribution of trace metals in a thin tissue section of a rat hippocampus. The data used in this study was acquired at the XFM beamline of the Australian Synchrotron using a new 384-element array detector (Maia) and at beamline 2-ID-E at the Advanced Photon Source. Post-processing of samples by different fixation techniques was investigated, with the conclusion that differences in solvent type and sample handling can significantly alter elemental content. The present study highlights the quantitative capability, high statistical power, and versatility of the XFM technique for mapping trace metals in biological samples, e.g., brain tissue samples in order to help understand neurological processes, especially when implemented in conjunction with a high-performance detector such as Maia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A James
- Materials Science and Engineering and the Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO, Gate 5, Normanby Road (Private Bag 33, Clayton South 3169), Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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15
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Fachinelli A, Trindade MRM, Fachinelli FA. Elastic fibers in the anterior abdominal wall. Hernia 2011; 15:409-15. [PMID: 21400085 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-011-0804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to substantiate the hypothesis as to whether an altered amount of elastic fibers in the linea alba aponeurosis occurs or not in anterior abdominal wall hernias (epigastric, incisional and umbilical), comparing the findings with those of a control group of cadavers without hernias. METHODS Thirty patients (15 males and 15 females) with anterior abdominal wall hernias were evaluated for analysis of the elastin content in samples from the linea alba aponeurosis, with immunohistochemistry and orcein staining using videomorphometry. RESULTS The results showed a greater amount of elastin in patients with abdominal wall hernias compared to the control group of cadavers without hernias (P < 0.05). The elastic fibers were greatly thickened, tortuous and fragmented in the patients. CONCLUSION It is essential to analyze the anterior abdominal wall concerning its anatomical condition and histological components. Altered collagen and elastic fibers play an important role in hernia formation, indicating that the main factor may be biological.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fachinelli
- Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery, Rua Pedro Tomasi, 937/701, Caxias do Sul, RS, 455-95084-320, Brazil.
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16
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Popescu BFG, Robinson CA, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Harder SL, Nichol H. Iron, Copper, and Zinc Distribution of the Cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2009; 8:74-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-008-0091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Popescu BFG, George MJ, Bergmann U, Garachtchenko AV, Kelly ME, McCrea RPE, Lüning K, Devon RM, George GN, Hanson AD, Harder SM, Chapman LD, Pickering IJ, Nichol H. Mapping metals in Parkinson's and normal brain using rapid-scanning x-ray fluorescence. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:651-63. [PMID: 19131671 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/3/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rapid-scanning x-ray fluorescence (RS-XRF) is a synchrotron technology that maps multiple metals in tissues by employing unique hardware and software to increase scanning speed. RS-XRF was validated by mapping and quantifying iron, zinc and copper in brain slices from Parkinson's disease (PD) and unaffected subjects. Regions and structures in the brain were readily identified by their metal complement and each metal had a unique distribution. Many zinc-rich brain regions were low in iron and vice versa. The location and amount of iron in brain regions known to be affected in PD agreed with analyses using other methods. Sample preparation is simple and standard formalin-fixed autopsy slices are suitable. RS-XRF can simultaneously and non-destructively map and quantify multiple metals and holds great promise to reveal metal pathologies associated with PD and other neurodegenerative diseases as well as diseases of metal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan F Gh Popescu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan SK Canada
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Book reviews. Biotech Histochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10520290500100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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