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Lu W, Vu TT, Wilton L, Paige M, Nandi V, Greene E, Frye V. Patterns and Factors Associated With Alcohol Misuse Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in New York City. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883231218580. [PMID: 38700239 PMCID: PMC11069334 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231218580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol misuse is a significant health concern among gay, bisexual, same-gender-loving, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Yet, little is known about the severity and predictors of alcohol misuse among self-reported young Black MSM. This study aimed to identify patterns of and factors associated with alcohol misuse in a sample of young Black MSM living in New York City. Baseline data from a randomized controlled trial aimed at improving the uptake of HIV testing among 250 MSM aged 18 to 29 were analyzed. Log-binominal regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of demographic and psychosocial factors with alcohol misuse in the past year and past 3 months among young Black MSM. Overall, 33.2% and 28.0% of young Black MSM in the study experienced alcohol misuse in the past year and past 3 months, respectively. In the adjusted model, factors positively associated with past-year alcohol misuse included marijuana use, a history of drug use, and having one-two or more than two male sex partners. Likewise, participants who used marijuana and those with one-two or more than two male partners were more likely to report past 3-month alcohol misuse. No significant association was found between positive screening for depressive symptoms, chemsex, internalized homophobia, and the likelihood of having alcohol misuse. The high prevalence of alcohol misuse underscores the importance of raising awareness of alcohol misuse and designing alcohol risk reduction programs that jointly address HIV risk among young Black MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Lu
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thinh Toan Vu
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leo Wilton
- Department of Human Development, College of Community and Public Affairs, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Paige
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vijay Nandi
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Emily Greene
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Frye
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Arrington-Sanders R, Galai N, Falade-Nwulia O, Hammond C, Wirtz A, Beyrer C, Arteaga A, Celentano D. Patterns of Polysubstance Use in Young Black and Latinx Sexual Minority Men and Transgender Women and Its Association with Sexual Partnership Factors: The PUSH Study. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:317-328. [PMID: 38146133 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2267655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Adult studies have demonstrated that polysubstance use increases HIV acquisition risk through increased sexual behaviors, however, few studies have examined polysubstance in young Black and Latinx sexual minority men (SMM) and transgender women (TW). Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 466 young Black and Latinx SMM and TW living in four high HIV-burden US cities enrolled in the PUSH Study, a status-neutral randomized control trial to increase HIV prevention and treatment adherence. We examined data for patterns of polysubstance use comparing age differences of use and explored associations between substance use and sexual partnership factors - inconsistent condom use, pressure to have condomless anal sex, and older partner, using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Most participants described prior substance use with alcohol and cannabis being most common (76% each) and 23% described other illicit drug use, including stimulants, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, opioids, and inhalants. Polysubstance use was common with nearly half (47%) of participants reporting alcohol and cannabis use, 20% reporting alcohol, cannabis, and one other illicit drug use, and 19% reporting alcohol or cannabis use plus one other illicit drug use. Polysubstance use was associated with greater adjusted odds of pressure to have condomless anal sex, older partner (>5 years older), and inconsistent condom use. Conclusions: Associations of polysubstance use with sexual practices and sexual partnerships that are known predictors of HIV acquisition or transmission among Black and Latinx SMM and TW underscore the need for combination interventions that include substance use treatment alongside antiretroviral-based and partner-based HIV prevention and treatment interventions.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03194477.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Arrington-Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Noya Galai
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Haifa, Mt Carmel, Israel
| | - Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Hammond
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Wirtz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chris Beyrer
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aubrey Arteaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Celentano
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Diaz JE, Preciado E, Chiasson MA, Hirshfield S. Association Between Age of Anal Sex Debut and Adult Health Behaviors Among Sexual Minoritized Men Living with HIV. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3565-3575. [PMID: 37378702 PMCID: PMC11034742 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Earlier age of anal sex debut (ASD) has been linked with contemporary and long-term health outcomes, including vulnerability to HIV acquisition. The goal of this study was to utilize a life course approach to examine associations between earlier ASD and recent health behaviors among sexual minoritized men (SMM) living with HIV. A total of 1156 U.S. SMM living with HIV recruited from social and sexual networking apps and websites completed online surveys as part of a longitudinal eHealth intervention. Data from baseline surveys were analyzed to determine associations between age of ASD and adult health outcomes, including mental health, HIV viral load, and substance use. The median age of ASD among these participants was 17 years old, consistent with other work. Earlier ASD was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of past 2-week anxiety (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.97) and past 3-month opioid use (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.13-2.26); no significant associations were found for recent depression, HIV viral load, or stimulant use. Earlier ASD may function as an important proxy measure for deleterious health outcomes in adulthood, particularly recent anxiety and opioid use. Expansion of comprehensive and affirming sexual health education is critical to early engagement of individuals with a higher risk of HIV acquisition, with plausible downstream health benefits lasting into adulthood among SMM living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Diaz
- Department of Medicine, STAR Program, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | | | - Mary Ann Chiasson
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Department of Medicine, STAR Program, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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Stein O, Sang JM, Wang L, Cui Z, Zhu J, Lal A, Card KG, Lachowsky NJ, Hogg R, Moore DM. Factors associated with improvements in symptoms of anxiety and depression among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in Vancouver, Canada: A prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:334-340. [PMID: 36806593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are commonly experienced among gay, bisexual and other men-who-have-sex-with-men (gbMSM). We explored factors associated with improvements in mental health symptoms among gbMSM with abnormal depression and anxiety scores over a period of four years, in Vancouver, Canada. METHODS Sexually active gbMSM ≥16 years of age were recruited using respondent-driven sampling from February 2012 to February 2015. Participants completed a computer-assisted questionnaire which included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and psychometric scales to measure loneliness, self-esteem and social connectedness, every 6 months until July 2019. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess factors associated with normal/borderline HADS scores (<11) following a previous abnormal score (≥11) for each of anxiety and depression subscales. RESULTS We recruited 694 participants, of whom 580 had at least one follow-up visit. Across all visits, 43.6 % of participants ever had abnormal anxiety scores and 16.2 % ever had abnormal depression scores. Among those with abnormal anxiety scores, 34.9 % of follow-up visits demonstrated reductions in anxiety scores. Among those with abnormal depression scores 51.0 % of follow-up visits demonstrated reductions in depression scores. Reductions in anxiety scores were associated with increased self-esteem, decreased loneliness and the number of gbMSM seen/spoken to in the previous month. Reductions in depression scores were associated with increased self-esteem, decreased loneliness and having a regular partner. CONCLUSION Improvements in mental health symptoms were frequently observed. Social connectedness was related with improved anxiety and depression symptoms. Interventions to improve social connectedness may help to improve mental health for gbMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Stein
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jordan M Sang
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lu Wang
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zishan Cui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia Zhu
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Allan Lal
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kiffer G Card
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada; School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Robert Hogg
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - David M Moore
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Downing MJ, Benoit E, Coe L, Brown D, Steen JT. Examining Cultural Competency and Sexual Abuse Training Needs Among Service Providers Working with Black and Latino Sexual Minority Men. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE RESEARCH 2022; 49:79-92. [PMID: 38108062 PMCID: PMC10723252 DOI: 10.1080/01488376.2022.2157524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Black and Latino sexual minority men (SMM) with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) may be reluctant to disclose such experiences or may appraise them as consensual because of cultural norms. Anticipated stigma, medical mistrust, and concerns that providers lack training in sexuality may complicate their efforts to obtain treatment for long-term health consequences of CSA. It is important to examine the training needs of service providers working with SMM who may disclose sexual abuse. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 35 substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and allied health service providers across the New York City area. Themes included the importance of training in cultural competence, trauma-informed care, and assessment of-and counseling for-CSA. Further education in these areas can enable providers to recognize indicators of abuse in their clients' sexual histories and to more effectively and safely respond to this information. Future studies are encouraged to test a trauma-informed approach to screening for CSA history with Black and Latino SMM who present to SUD treatment and allied health service providers. This research should consider provider perspectives in developing such an approach and will likely involve training and evaluation to ensure adequate preparedness and effective service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Downing
- Department of Psychology, Lehman College of the City University of New York (CUNY), Bronx, NY
| | - Ellen Benoit
- North Jersey Community Research Initiative, Newark, NJ
| | - Lauren Coe
- New York City Department of Education, New York, NY
| | - Dominique Brown
- New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY
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A Multi-Methodological Exploration of Persecution Experiences and Related Injuries of Sexually Minoritized Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Nairobi, Kenya. SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sexually minoritized men in the East, Horn, and Central Africa continue to flee from their countries, because of actual or feared persecution, to neighboring Kenya to seek protection and safety. However, there is limited research on their experiences and needs. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the persecution experiences of gay and bisexual asylum seekers and refugees in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. Methods: We adapted McAdam’s Life-Story Interview (LSI) to develop a semi-structured interview guide. We used the interview guide to conduct one-time anonymous in-depth interviews with 19 gay and bisexual men recruited by purposive sampling. The study also included a photovoice component and written reflections. We transcribed the interviews verbatim, uploaded them to NVivo 12 plus, and analyzed the data using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis framework. Results: The mean age of the participants was 26, with the largest age group being 18–24 (n = 9, 47%). We found six major themes: (1) The Anti-Homosexuality Act, (2) death punishment, (3) physical abuse, (4) sexual violence, (5) discrimination, and (6) injuries. Conclusions: Continued multi-layered discrimination across borders may have adverse physical health outcomes for gay and bisexual asylum seekers and refugees in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. Further collaborative strategies may help to understand and develop culturally sensitive interventions to improve their health and well-being.
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Boyd DT, Abu-Ba’are GR, LoVette A, Whitfield DL, Turpin RE, Ramos SR, Quinn CR, Hickson DA. Assessing the Influence of Child Sexual Behavior on Depression among Black SMM in the Southeastern United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13930. [PMID: 36360808 PMCID: PMC9658341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Limited studies have examined the associations between child sexual abuse (CSA) and depression among Black sexual minority men (SMM) in the Southeastern United States (US). As, such, the current study examined the critical gap in understanding the impact of CSA on Black SMM's mental health. Specifically, we tested the associations between contextual CSA factors and depression among a large population-based sample of Black SMM living in two cities in the Southern US. Data were obtained from the MARI Study, a sample of Black SMM ages 18-66 years, recruited from the Jackson, MS and Atlanta, GA metropolitan areas (n = 507). Depression was assessed using the 9-item CES-D scale. We conducted multivariable regression analyses to examine the association between depression with history of CSA and other child sexual-related variables (i.e., age of perpetrator and age of sexual abuse), controlling for key confounders. Our results indicated that CSA (β = 0.14, p < 0.001) was positively associated with depression. Our results also indicated that Black SMM who reported being sexually abused at the ages of 6 to 10 (β = 0.30, p < 0.01) and 16 to 18 (β = 0.25, p < 0.05) were positively associated with depression. These findings suggest that there is a need to provide culturally and safe mental health services in the Southeastern US for CSA survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donte Travon Boyd
- College of Social Work, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Us Helping Us, People into Living, Inc., Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Gamji Rabiu Abu-Ba’are
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ashleigh LoVette
- Us Helping Us, People into Living, Inc., Washington, DC 20010, USA
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Rodman E. Turpin
- Department of Global & Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S. Raquel Ramos
- Us Helping Us, People into Living, Inc., Washington, DC 20010, USA
- School of Nursing, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06477, USA
| | - Camille R. Quinn
- Center for Equitable Family and Community Well-Being, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Benoit E, Downing MJ, Brown D, Coe L. Service provider interpretations of childhood sexual experiences among sexual minority men. Psychol Serv 2022; 20:94-102. [PMID: 35324232 PMCID: PMC10201917 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report findings from a directed content analysis of service provider (SP) interpretations of early sexual experiences depicted in vignettes created from retrospective interviews with Black sexual minority men. Specifically, we explore whether SP recognize circumstances of abuse in the vignette narrators' sexual histories. Data for this analysis come from in-person qualitative interviews conducted with 35 providers working in substance abuse treatment and allied health service settings (e.g., mental health, HIV prevention and outreach) across the New York City area. The interviewees were asked to evaluate each of five vignettes depicting a range of early sexual experiences as described by the narrators [e.g., unwanted experiences with a male or female consistent with definitions of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), consensual sex with an older male or female]. Based on analysis of provider responses to the vignettes, we found that most recognized differences in age and authority as abuse indicators. Many of the providers struggled with assertions by vignette narrators that they had consented to the encounters-specifically those that could be considered abusive. Findings highlight areas to focus on in developing additional provider training, including the challenges of defining CSA, age and other factors that influence consent, and how cultural background and sexual minority status may shape men's appraisals of their experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Benoit
- North Jersey Community Research Initiative, Newark, NJ
| | - Martin J. Downing
- Department of Psychology, Lehman College of the City University of New York (CUNY), Bronx, NY
| | - Dominique Brown
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lauren Coe
- New York City Department of Education, New York, NY
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson M Compton
- From the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD (W.M.C.); and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (C.M.J.)
| | - Christopher M Jones
- From the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD (W.M.C.); and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (C.M.J.)
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10
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Robles G, Bosco SC, Sauermilch D, Starks TJ. Population-Specific Correlates of Sexual Arrangements and Communication in a National Sample of Latinx Sexual Minority Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1449-1460. [PMID: 34080072 PMCID: PMC8272519 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
While the literature on sexual arrangements has expanded considerably, less is known about sexual arrangements among ethnically diverse populations, particularly Latinx sexual minority men (LSMM). Relationship research may overlook culturally salient correlates (e.g., ideals of masculinity or immigration-related factors) of sexual arrangements. The current study explored relationship-related factors (i.e., sexual arrangements, sexual communication, and relationship functioning) as well as Latino-specific factors, including dominant cultural views of masculinity (machismo/caballerismo) and immigration among partnered LSMM. Participants were recruited nationwide through social media and geo-location dating apps. All participants were aged 18 or older, cisgender male, lived in the U.S., including Puerto Rico, were able to read in either English or Spanish, and indicated they were currently in a relationship with a cismale partner. Multinomial regression was used to calculate the odds of being in an open or monogamish arrangement relative to a monogamous arrangement. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to examine factors related to sexual communication. Language spoken with partner, adherence to more general heteronormative beliefs (genderism), and substance use were associated with specific sexual arrangement groups. The findings also suggested that birthplace, language spoken with partner variables, and machismo were associated with specific sexual arrangements and with sexual communication. This study highlights that factors associated with sexual arrangements and sexual communication may be population specific. The current study points to a complex interplay between culturally relevant ideals of masculinity and sexual arrangements as well as sexual communication among partnered Latinx sexual minority men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Robles
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, 390 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Stephen C Bosco
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Sauermilch
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College of Columbia University, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tyrel J Starks
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Quinn KG, Spector A, Takahashi L, Voisin DR. Conceptualizing the Effects of Continuous Traumatic Violence on HIV Continuum of Care Outcomes for Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:758-772. [PMID: 32944841 PMCID: PMC7886964 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The United States (US) is on track to achieve the 90-90-90 targets set forth by UNAIDS and the National HIV/AIDS strategy, yet significant racial disparities in HIV care outcomes remain, particularly for young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Research has demonstrated that various types of violence are key aspects of syndemics that contribute to disparities in HIV risk. However, little research has looked collectively at cumulative violent experiences and how those might affect HIV treatment and care outcomes. Drawing on extant literature and theoretical underpinnings of syndemics, we provide a conceptual model that highlights how continuous traumatic violence experienced by YBMSM may affect HIV outcomes and contribute to racial disparities in HIV outcomes. The findings of this focused review suggest a need for research on how continuous exposure to various types of violence influence HIV prevention and treatment outcomes for young Black MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Antoinette Spector
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Institute for Health Equity, Milwaukee, USA
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