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Yıldız M, Orak U, Walker MH, Solakoglu O. Suicide contagion, gender, and suicide attempts among adolescents. DEATH STUDIES 2019; 43:365-371. [PMID: 29920166 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2018.1478914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to suicidal behavior (ESB) through social networks is often associated with an increased risk of suicidality, but empirical research-largely limited to the Western populations-has produced mixed results. Using survey data, we examined (a) the association between ESB and suicide attempt, and (b) the exacerbating role of ESB on gender differences in suicide attempt risk among Turkish adolescents (N = 2035). ESB was significantly associated with increased risk of suicide attempt, and it contributed to the higher attempt risk among girls. Suicidal behaviors spread through social networks via ESB, and suicide contagion exacerbates the existing gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yıldız
- a Sociology Department , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Ugur Orak
- a Sociology Department , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Mark H Walker
- a Sociology Department , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Ozgur Solakoglu
- b Sociology Department , Turkish Military Academy , Ankara , Turkey
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Jallow IK, Britton J, Langley T. Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among young people in The Gambia. BMJ Glob Health 2017; 2:e000482. [PMID: 29333286 PMCID: PMC5759717 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco consumption and consequent morbidity and mortality are expected to grow most markedly over coming decades in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Preventing tobacco experimentation and uptake among young people in LMICs is therefore vital. However, data on smoking in these countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, remain sparse. Method We used two-stage cluster random sampling to select students in upper and senior secondary schools throughout The Gambia, and a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on their tobacco use, risk factors and demographic details. Results Of 10 392 eligible students, 10 289 (99%; 55% girls and 44% boys, age 12–20 years) participated. The prevalence of ever smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes was 16.7% (25.7% boys and 9.4% girls) and current (past 30 days) smoking 4.5% (7.9% boys and 1.5% girls). Smoking was more common among students attending private schools (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.22), of Christian or other faiths compared with Muslims, living with parents (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.81), who had smoking allowed in their homes (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.13), with family members who smoked or had one or more friends who smoked. Most (55.6%) smokers want to stop, but only 22% received any stop smoking support. Ever smoking of shisha, at 8.1%, was unexpectedly high, and relatively prevalent among girls (11.4% of boys and 5.4% of girls). Conclusions Tobacco use is common among young people in The Gambia. Shisha smoking is also common in this population, and in relative terms especially among girls. Further work is required to determine whether this is a problem local to The Gambia or reflects a wider pattern of tobacco use in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isatou K Jallow
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, UK Center for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Clinical Science Building, CityHospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.,Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, National Public Health Laboratory, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - John Britton
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, UK Center for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Clinical Science Building, CityHospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Tessa Langley
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, UK Center for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Clinical Science Building, CityHospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Suicidal ideation and associated factors among students aged 13-15 years in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states, 2007-2013. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2017; 21:201-208. [PMID: 28318361 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2017.1301486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess suicidal ideation and associated factors in school-going adolescents in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states. METHODS The analysis included 30,284 school children aged 13-15 years from seven ASEAN countries that participated in the cross-sectional global school-based student health survey (GSHS) between 2007 and 2013. RESULTS The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past 12 months across seven ASEAN countries was 12.3%, significantly higher in girls (15.1%) than boys (9.3%). Among seven ASEAN countries with the highest prevalence of suicidal ideation was in the Philippines (17.0%) and Vietnam (16.9%) and the lowest in Myanmar (1.1%) and Indonesia (4.2%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, female gender, older age (14 or 15 years), living in a lower middle income country, having no friends, loneliness, bullying victimisation, having been in a physical fight in the past 12 months, lack of parental or guardian support, tobacco use and having a history of ever got drunk were associated with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Different rates of suicidal ideation were observed in ASEAN member states. Several risk factors for suicidal ideation were identified which can help guide preventive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- a ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.,b Department of Research Innovation and Development , University of Limpopo , Turfloop Campus , Sovenga , South Africa.,c HIV/AIDS/STIs and TB (HAST) , Human Sciences Research Council , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Supa Pengpid
- a ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.,b Department of Research Innovation and Development , University of Limpopo , Turfloop Campus , Sovenga , South Africa
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Gender differences and stage-specific influence of parent-adolescent conflicts on adolescent suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:424-431. [PMID: 28668758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined familial and peer related factors as predictors of suicidal ideation in school students. Total 2896 participants were included from Taiwan Youth Project released data, a longitudinal survey of adolescent suicidal ideation at ages 15, 18, and 20. Logistic regression analysis risk factors associated with adolescent suicidal ideation reveled differences during the developmental stages. After adjusted for psychological symptoms, effect of quarrels with parents on suicidal ideation lasts in early and middle stages; in the late adolescent stage, only cigarette or alcohol use remained significant. Girls who reported quarrels with parents had the highest level of suicidal ideation before age 18. Stage- and gender-specific differences may provide appropriate intervention strategies for parents and teachers preventing adolescent suicidal ideation.
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Factors associated with different smoking status in European adolescents: results of the SEYLE study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1319-1329. [PMID: 28386649 PMCID: PMC5656692 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early onset and long-term smoking are associated with physical and psychological health problems. The aim of the presented analysis was to investigate risk and influencing factors for different smoking status in a big sample of European adolescents. In the context of the "saving and empowering young lives in Europe" (SEYLE) study we surveyed 12,328 adolescents at the age of 13-17 from 11 countries. The survey took place in a school-based context using a questionnaire. Overall 58% reported the onset of ever-smoking under the age of 14 and 30.9% smoke on a daily basis. Multinomial logistic regression model showed significant positive associations between adolescent smoking and internalizing problems (suicidal behavior, direct self-injurious behavior, anxiety), externalizing problems (conduct problems, hyperactivity, substance consumption) and family problems (parental substance consumption, broken home). Our data show that smoking among adolescents is still a major public health problem and adolescents who smoke are at higher risk for mental problems. Further, adolescent smoking is associated with broken home families and parental behaviors. Therefore, early preventive measures are necessary not only for adolescents, but also for their parents.
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Kawabe K, Horiuchi F, Ochi M, Oka Y, Ueno SI. Suicidal ideation in adolescents and their caregivers: a cross sectional survey in Japan. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:231. [PMID: 27400745 PMCID: PMC4940687 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Suicide is a leading cause of death in adolescence. Effective strategies are required to prevent suicide. We aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation in early teens and the relationship between family mental health and suicidal ideation of their child. METHODS A population-based survey in a rural town included 185 junior high school students and their caregivers. Suicidal ideation and mental states were assessed with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) form. RESULTS Nineteen (10.3 %) students experienced suicidal ideation in the preceding weeks and had more mental health problems than students without suicidal ideation. Caregivers of students with suicidal ideation demonstrated significantly higher suicidal depression scores in GHQ. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that suicidal depression of caregivers was the most important factor for suicidal ideation of students. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation of children is associated with suicidal depression of their caregivers. For the prevention of suicide in adolescents, not only their own mental status but also that of caregivers should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kawabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, Japan. .,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Fumie Horiuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime Japan ,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime Japan
| | - Marina Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime Japan
| | - Yasunori Oka
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime Japan ,Center for Sleep Medicine, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Ehime Japan
| | - Shu-ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime Japan
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Early Substance Use Initiation and Suicide Ideation and Attempts among School-Aged Adolescents in Four Pacific Island Countries in Oceania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:12291-303. [PMID: 26437423 PMCID: PMC4626969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121012291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlations between early initiation (<12 years) of smoking cigarettes, alcohol use, and drug use (cannabis) with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in school-aged adolescents in four Pacific Island countries in Oceania. The sample included 6540 adolescents (≤13 to ≥16 years old) from Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess the association between pre-adolescent substance use initiation and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Results indicate a prevalence of 25.8% suicidal ideation in the past 12 months (ranging from 17.2% in Vanuatu to 34.7% in Kiribati) and 34.9% suicide attempts in the past 12 months (ranging from 23.5% in Vanuatu to 62.0% in Samoa). The prevalence of early cigarette smoking initiation was 15.7%, early alcohol initiation 13.8%, and early drug use initiation was 12.9%. Students who reported pre-adolescent substance use initiation, compared with non-substance users, were more likely reporting suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The concurrent initiation of cigarette smoking, alcohol, and drug use should be targeted in early prevention programmes in order to prevent possible subsequent suicidal behaviours.
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Randall JR, Doku D, Wilson ML, Peltzer K. Suicidal behaviour and related risk factors among school-aged youth in the Republic of Benin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88233. [PMID: 24505443 PMCID: PMC3914941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts has been conducted largely in developed countries. Research on West African countries in particular is lacking. METHODS Data were obtained from the Global School-based Health Survey conducted in Benin in 2009. This was a cross-sectional study of three grades, spanning Junior and Senior High, which sampled a total of 2,690 adolescents. Data on the occurrence of demographic, psycho-social and socio-environmental risk factors were tested using multinomial logistic regression for their association with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. RESULTS The survey indicated that 23.2% had thought about suicide and 28.3% had made a suicide attempt in the previous year. Anxiety, loneliness, being bullied, alcohol misuse, illicit drug use, and lack of parental support were independently related to the ideation outcomes, suicidal ideation without planning and suicidal ideation with planning. Multinomial regression analysis, using one suicide attempt and multiple suicide attempts as outcomes, revealed that female sex, anxiety, loneliness, being physically attacked, and illicit drug use were associated these outcomes. DISCUSSION The prevalence of suicide attempts reported in the survey is relatively high. It is possible that there are cultural factors that could explain this finding. Our research indicates that many factors are related to the occurrence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among youth in Benin. Illicit drug use and violence in particular are associated with a high rate of suicide attempts in Benin. Measures to address these issues may reduce the risk of self-inflicted violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Randall
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Community Safety (CIPCS), PeerCorps Trust Fund, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - David Doku
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Michael L. Wilson
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Community Safety (CIPCS), PeerCorps Trust Fund, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Unit of Adolescent Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Mangkwang-E, South Africa
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Prospective relations between parental depression, negative expressiveness, emotional insecurity, and children's internalizing symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2013; 44:698-708. [PMID: 23371814 PMCID: PMC3695069 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-013-0362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Building on the conceptual framework of emotional security theory (Davies and Cummings in Psychol Bull 116:387-411, 1994), this study longitudinally examined multiple factors linking parental depressive symptoms and child internalizing symptoms. Participants were 235 children (106 boys, 129 girls) and their cohabiting parents. Assessments included mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms when children were in kindergarten, parents' negative expressiveness when children were in first grade, children's emotional insecurity 1 year later, and children's internalizing symptoms in kindergarten and second grade. Findings revealed both mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms were related to changes in children's internalizing symptoms as a function of parents' negative emotional expressiveness and children's emotional insecurity. In addition to these similar pathways, distinctive pathways as a function of parental gender were identified. Contributions are considered for understanding relations between parental depressive symptoms and children's development.
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Suicidal ideation and associated factors among school-going adolescents in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:462-73. [PMID: 22470303 PMCID: PMC3315257 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify associations between suicidal ideation and indicators of psychosocial distress and social-environmental factors in Thai adolescents. Using data from the Thailand Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2008, we assessed the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its associated factors among adolescents (N = 2,758). Overall the prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was 8.8% (9.9% males and 7.7% females). Variables influenced the suicidal ideation in multivariable analysis were sadness (Odds Ratio = OR: 6.03; 95% Confidence Interval = CI (3.00-12.14), lack of parental attachment (OR = 2.26, CI = 1.09-4.67), current alcohol use (OR = 2.32, 1.21-4.44), and ever having had sexual intercourse (OR = 4.16, CI = 3.40-7.68). Psychosocial, health-risk behaviours and lack of protective factors appear to effect suicidal ideation in this youth population.
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