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Hyland C, Hernandez A, Gaudreau É, Larose J, Bienvenu JF, Meierotto L, Som Castellano RL, Curl CL. Examination of urinary pesticide concentrations, protective behaviors, and risk perceptions among Latino and Latina farmworkers in Southwestern Idaho. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 255:114275. [PMID: 37866282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have documented high levels of pesticide exposure among men farmworkers; however, few have examined exposures or the experiences of women farmworkers. Data gaps also exist regarding farmworkers' perceived risk and control related to pesticides, information that is critical to develop protective interventions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare urinary pesticide biomarker concentrations between Latino and Latina farmworkers and examine associations with occupational characteristics, risk perceptions, perceived control, and protective behaviors. METHODS We enrolled a convenience sample of 62 farmworkers (30 men and 32 women) during the pesticide spray season from April-July 2022 in southwestern Idaho. Participants were asked to complete two visits within a seven-day period; at each visit, we collected a urine sample and administered a questionnaire assessing demographic and occupational information. Urine samples were composited and analyzed for 17 biomarkers of herbicides and of organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid insecticides. RESULTS Ten pesticide biomarkers (TCPy, MDA, PNP, 3-PBA, 4-F-3-PBA, cis- and trans-DCCA, 2,4-D, Glyphosate, AMPA) were detected in >80% of samples. Men and women had similar urinary biomarker concentrations (p = 0.19-0.94); however, women worked significantly fewer hours than men (p = 0.01), wore similar or greater levels of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and were slightly more likely to report having experienced an Acute Pesticide Poisoning (26% of women vs. 14% of men; p = 0.25). We observed inconsistencies in risk perceptions, perceived control, and protective behaviors among men. DISCUSSION Our study is one the first to examine pesticide exposure and risk perceptions among a cohort of farmworkers balanced on gender. Taken with previous findings, our results suggest that factors such as job tasks, biological susceptibility, or access to trainings and protective equipment might uniquely impact women farmworkers' exposure and/or vulnerability to pesticides. Women represent an increasing proportion of the agricultural workforce, and larger studies are needed to disentangle these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Hyland
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Alejandra Hernandez
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Éric Gaudreau
- Centre de Toxicologie Du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique Du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Larose
- Centre de Toxicologie Du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique Du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Bienvenu
- Centre de Toxicologie Du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique Du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa Meierotto
- School of Public Service, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Cynthia L Curl
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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D'Arcy C, Taket A, Hanna L. Implementing empowerment-based Lay Health Worker programs: a preliminary study. Health Promot Int 2020; 34:726-734. [PMID: 29688341 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/day023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lay Health Worker (LHW) programs have been shown to be effective in engaging community members in health promotion. While successful LHW program implementation requires an understanding of factors influencing program effectiveness, evidence informing such understanding is lacking for empowerment and ecological theory-based LHW programs. This descriptive study explores how enablers and barriers, identified from LHW literature apply (from the LHWs' perspective) in the context of implementing an empowerment and ecological theory-based LHW model in Melbourne, Victoria. A qualitative case study was carried out. Data were collected from participating LHWs (n = 11) via anonymized online activity logs (n = 7) and semi-structured interviews (n = 7). Deductive-inductive thematic analysis was guided by five a priori themes identified from the literature: community relationships; intrinsic traits, values and motivations; capacity building; program design; and work conditions. Data supported the enablers and barriers to program effectiveness and implementation reported by previous research. Subthemes identified the importance of the LHW bridging role; the empowerment model; integrating the program; and program inclusiveness. This research contributes to the growing practice literature regarding how to effectively implement diverse LHW models in diverse settings. It also contributes to social ecological and complex systems-based health promotion practice evidence in suggesting LHWs to be potentially useful elements which may add to the effectiveness of ecologically based health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D'Arcy
- School of Health & Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,EACH Social & Community Health
| | - Ann Taket
- School of Health & Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lisa Hanna
- School of Health & Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Hamilton DL, Walkinshaw LP, Quinn EL, Johnson DB. Increasing farmers market access among low-income shoppers in Washington state: understanding the role of peer-to-peer programs. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2018.1544527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L. Hamilton
- Department of Public Health, University of Washington Nutritional Sciences Program
| | - Lina P. Walkinshaw
- Department of Public Health, University of Washington Center for Public Health Nutrition
| | - Emilee L. Quinn
- Department of Public Health, University of Washington Center for Public Health Nutrition
| | - Donna B. Johnson
- Department of Public Health, University of Washington Center for Public Health Nutrition
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Lorthios-Guilledroit A, Filiatrault J, Richard L. What are the factors associated with the implementation of a peer-led health promotion program? Insights from a multiple-case study. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2019; 34:578-591. [PMID: 31593584 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peer education is widely used as a health promotion strategy. However, few efforts have been undertaken to understand the implementation of peer-led health promotion programs (HPPs). This multiple-case study identifies factors facilitating the implementation of a peer-led HPP for older adults presenting with fear of falling (Vivre en �quilibre) and their mechanisms of action. It used a conceptual framework postulating factors that may influence peer-led HPPs implementation and mechanisms through which such factors may generate implementation outcomes. Six independent-living residences for older adults in Quebec (Canada) implemented Vivre en �quilibre as part of a quasi-experimental study. Implementation factors and outcomes were documented through observation diaries, attendance sheets, peers' logbooks, questionnaires administered to participants and semi-structured interviews conducted among peers, activity coordinators of residences and a subgroup of participants. The analysis revealed three categories of factors facilitating program implementation, related to individuals, to the program and to the organizational context. Three action mechanisms identified in the framework (interaction, self-organization and adaptation) were facilitated by some of these factors. These findings support the application of the peer-led program implementation conceptual framework used in this study and provide insights for practitioners and researchers interested in implementing peer-led HPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lorthios-Guilledroit
- School of Public Health, Universit� de Montr�al, 7101, Parc avenue C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de g�riatrie de Montr�al, 4545, Queen Mary road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W4, Canada
| | - J Filiatrault
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de g�riatrie de Montr�al, 4545, Queen Mary road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W4, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universit� de Montr�al, 7077, Parc avenue, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - L Richard
- Faculty of Nursing Sciences, Universit� de Montr�al, 2375, chemin de la C�te-Ste-Catherine, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Universit� de Montr�al Public Health Research Institute, 7101, Parc avenue C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Perfecto I, Jiménez-Soto ME, Vandermeer J. Coffee Landscapes Shaping the Anthropocene. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1086/703413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Olaniran A, Smith H, Unkels R, Bar-Zeev S, van den Broek N. Who is a community health worker? - a systematic review of definitions. Glob Health Action 2017; 10:1272223. [PMID: 28222653 PMCID: PMC5328349 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1272223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community health workers (CHWs) can play vital roles in increasing coverage of basic health services. However, there is a need for a systematic categorisation of CHWs that will aid common understanding among policy makers, programme planners, and researchers. OBJECTIVE To identify the common themes in the definitions and descriptions of CHWs that will aid delineation within this cadre and distinguish CHWs from other healthcare providers. DESIGN A systematic review of peer-reviewed papers and grey literature. RESULTS We identified 119 papers that provided definitions of CHWs in 25 countries across 7 regions. The review shows CHWs as paraprofessionals or lay individuals with an in-depth understanding of the community culture and language, have received standardised job-related training of a shorter duration than health professionals, and their primary goal is to provide culturally appropriate health services to the community. CHWs can be categorised into three groups by education and pre-service training. These are lay health workers (individuals with little or no formal education who undergo a few days to a few weeks of informal training), level 1 paraprofessionals (individuals with some form of secondary education and subsequent informal training), and level 2 paraprofessionals (individuals with some form of secondary education and subsequent formal training lasting a few months to more than a year). Lay health workers tend to provide basic health services as unpaid volunteers while level 1 paraprofessionals often receive an allowance and level 2 paraprofessionals tend to be salaried. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a categorisation of CHWs that may be useful for health policy formulation, programme planning, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola Olaniran
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Smith
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Regine Unkels
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah Bar-Zeev
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nynke van den Broek
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Auld G, Baker S, Infante N, Inglis-Widrick R, Procter SB, Steger MF, Yerxa K. EFNEP's Impact on Exemplary Educators' Quality of Life. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 48:647-654.e1. [PMID: 27527907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine how the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) affects the quality of life (QoL) of its exemplary paraprofessional educators. METHODS Qualitative telephone interviews with EFNEP supervisors (15), educators (28), and agency partners (15). Template analysis based on the University of Toronto's QoL constructs. RESULTS The EFNEP had a positive impact on 6 of 9 a priori categories: physical being, psychological being, social belonging, community belonging, practical becoming, and growth becoming. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The EFNEP enhances the QoL of its exemplary educators, which suggests that the program's benefits go beyond those documented in participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Auld
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
| | - Susan Baker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | | | - Ruth Inglis-Widrick
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Sandra B Procter
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Michael F Steger
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; Department of Psychology, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Kate Yerxa
- University of Maine Cooperative Extension, Orono, ME
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Arcury TA, Skelton JA, Ip EH, Suerken CK, Trejo G, Quandt SA. Anticipatory Guidance about Child Diet and Physical Activity for Latino Farmworker Mothers. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016; 27:1064-79. [PMID: 27524752 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2016.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This analysis describes farmworker child health care utilization, anticipatory guidance for child weight, and the association of anticipatory guidance with personal characteristics, practice characteristics, and child's health care utilization. METHODS Data are from interviews conducted with 221 North Carolina Latino farmworker mothers with a child aged 4-5 years. RESULTS Half of the children were healthy weight, 19.0% were overweight, and 28.5% were obese. Most (56.4%) had been with the usual practice for two years or longer; most had well-child visits less frequently than once per year (71.5%). Fewer children with well-child visits than without were obese (14.8% vs. 35.5%; p=.01). More children with obesity than with healthy weight or overweight received guidance messages; more children without a well-child care visit in the past 12 months received guidance messages. CONCLUSIONS Health care providers are addressing anticipatory guidance when the opportunity arises. Creative approaches to address disparate primary care for farmworker families are important.
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Marsh B, Milofsky C, Kissam E, Arcury TA. Understanding the Role of Social Factors in Farmworker Housing and Health. New Solut 2015; 25:313-33. [PMID: 26315036 DOI: 10.1177/1048291115601020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Differences in social advantage significantly influence health conditions and life expectancy within any population. Such factors reproduce historic class, race, and ethnic disparities in community success. Few populations in the United States face more social and economic disadvantage than farmworkers, and farmworker housing has significant potential to ameliorate or amplify the health impact of those disadvantages. Drawing on the limited direct research on farmworkers, and on additional research about poor, isolated, and immigrant societies, we propose four mechanisms through which housing can be expected to affect farmworker health: quality of social capital within farmworker communities, stress effects of poor housing situations, effects of housing on social support for healthy behaviors, and interactions among these factors, especially effects on children that can last for generations. Policy and planning definitions of "adequate" farmworker housing should take a more holistic view of housing needs to support specific social and community benefits in design decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Marsh
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Carl Milofsky
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | | | - Thomas A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Wagoner KG, Downs M, Alonzo J, Daniel-Ulloa J, Rhodes SD. Latino men's qualitative perspectives on a lay health advisor intervention to promote their sexual health. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2015; 23:304-312. [PMID: 25475213 PMCID: PMC4390418 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lay health advisor (LHA) approaches are a promising strategy to reduce health disparities among communities considered 'hard to reach' by researchers and practitioners. LHAs have addressed a variety of health issues, but limited studies have included men as LHAs. The purpose of this study was to better understand the roles of male LHAs and their male-helping relationships. We used an inductive approach to explore Latino men's perspectives on serving as LHAs for other Latino men and Latino men's views on receiving sexual health information from a male LHA. We collected qualitative data in 2009 and 2010 as part of an LHA intervention designed to reduce the risk of HIV infection among immigrant Latinos through the social networks of soccer teams. We analysed and interpreted data from 30 in-depth interviews with Latino men who served as LHAs and their social networks in North Carolina, USA. Participants shared perceptions on social network importance for immigrant Latinos, facilitators and challenges of helping other men, recommendations for intervention modification and suggestions for future work involving the Latino community. Findings revealed that Latino men are receptive to fulfilling the roles of health advisors and opinion leaders, and can effectively serve as LHAs. Social network members valued the social support they received. Working through sports teams and identifying existing leaders to be LHAs may be a culturally congruent approach to meeting Latino community needs. More research is needed on the potential of male LHAs to address other health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim G. Wagoner
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Mario Downs
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jason Daniel-Ulloa
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Scott D. Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Bush DE, Wilmsen C, Sasaki T, Barton-Antonio D, Steege AL, Chang C. Evaluation of a pilot promotora program for Latino forest workers in southern Oregon. Am J Ind Med 2014; 57:788-99. [PMID: 24890853 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forest work, an occupation with some of the highest injury and illness rates, is conducted primarily by Latino immigrant workers. This study evaluates a pilot program where promotoras (lay community health educators) provided occupational health and safety trainings for Latino forest workers. METHODS Evaluation methods included a focus group, post-tests, and qualitative feedback. RESULTS Community capacity to address working conditions increased through (i) increased leadership and community access to information and resources; and (ii) increased worker awareness of workplace health and safety rights and resources. Fear of retaliation remains a barrier to workers taking action; nevertheless, the promotoras supported several workers in addressing-specific workplace issues. CONCLUSIONS For working conditions to significantly improve, major structural influences need to be addressed. A long-term, organizationally supported promotora program can play a key role in linking and supporting change at the individual, interpersonal and community levels, contributing to and supporting structural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E. Bush
- Labor Occupational Health Program; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley California
| | - Carl Wilmsen
- Alliance of Forest Workers and Harvesters (Now the Northwest Forest Worker Center); Albany California
| | - Timothy Sasaki
- Labor Occupational Health Program; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley California
| | - Dinorah Barton-Antonio
- Labor Occupational Health Program; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley California
| | - Andrea L. Steege
- Division of Surveillance; Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Charlotte Chang
- Labor Occupational Health Program; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley California
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