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Frasca S, Galkin M, Stro̷mme M, Lindh J, Gising J. Toward Biomass-Based Organic Electronics: Continuous Flow Synthesis and Electropolymerization of N-Substituted Pyrroles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13852-13859. [PMID: 38559979 PMCID: PMC10975589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pyrroles are foundational building blocks in a wide array of disciplines, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. Currently sourced from nonrenewable fossil sources, there is a strive to explore alternative and sustainable synthetic pathways to pyrroles utilizing renewable feedstocks. The utilization of biomass resources presents a compelling solution, particularly given that several key bulk and fine chemicals already originate from biomass. For instance, 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and aniline are promising candidates for biomass-based chemical production. In this study, we present an innovative approach for synthesizing N-substituted pyrroles by modifying the Clauson-Kaas protocol, starting from 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran as the precursor. The developed methodology offers the advantage of producing pyrroles under mild reaction conditions with the potential for catalyst-free reactions depending upon the structural features of the substrate. We devised protocols suitable for both continuous flow and batch reactions, enabling the conversion of a wide range of anilines and sulfonamides into their respective N-substituted pyrroles with good to excellent yields. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of depositing thin films of the corresponding polymers onto electrodes through in situ electropolymerization. This innovative application showcases the potential for sustainable, biomass-based organic electronics, thus, paving the way for environmentally friendly advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Frasca
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maxim Galkin
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Stro̷mme
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Gising
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Singh DK, Kumar R. Clauson-Kaas pyrrole synthesis using diverse catalysts: a transition from conventional to greener approach. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:928-955. [PMID: 37404802 PMCID: PMC10315892 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrrole is an important aromatic heterocyclic scaffold found in many natural products and predominantly used in pharmaceuticals. Continuous efforts are being made to design and synthesize various pyrrole derivatives using different synthetic procedures. Among them, the Clauson-Kaas reaction is a very old and well-known method for synthesizing a large number of N-substituted pyrroles. In recent years, due to global warming and environmental concern, research laboratories and pharmaceutical industries around the world are searching for more environmentally friendly reaction conditions for synthesizing compounds. As a result, this review describes the use of various eco-friendly greener protocols to synthesize N-substituted pyrroles. This synthesis involves the reaction of various aliphatic/aromatic primary amines, and sulfonyl primary amines with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in the presence of numerous acid catalysts and transition metal catalysts. The goal of this review is to summarize the synthesis of various N-substituted pyrrole derivatives using a modified Clauson-Kaas reaction under diverse conventional and greener reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Bipin Bihari College, Affiliated to Bundelkhand University, Jhansi-284001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, R. D. S. College, B. R. A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur-842002, Bihar, India
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Zhao Q, Niu P, Zhu G, Zhang C, Shen Z, Li M. Preparation, characterization and electrocatalytic performance of a novel poly(2,5-di(thienyl)pyrrole) modified electrode bearing TEMPO. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Zhang S, Xu F, Liu ZQ, Chen YS, Luo YL. Novel electrochemical sensors from poly[N-(ferrocenyl formacyl) pyrrole]@multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 31:085503. [PMID: 31675739 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab53bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated with poly[N-(ferrocenyl formacyl) pyrrole] (MWCNTs@PFFP) nanocomposites were prepared through the in situ oxidation polymerization reaction of N-(ferrocenyl formacyl) pyrrole in the presence of MWCNTs. The MWCNTs@PFFP nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, Raman, TGA, XRD, XPS, SEM and TEM techniques. The MWCNTs@PFFP nanocomposites were fabricated into novel electrochemical sensors for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The electrochemical behavior of the MWCNTs@PFFP/GCE sensors was examined, and the parameters that influence electrochemical signals were optimized. The experimental results showed that the fabricated modified electrode sensors exhibited good sensitivity, selectivity, specificity, repeatability and a long lifetime, remaining the initial current of at least 92.5% after 15 days storage in air. The sensors possessed a linear response concentration range over 200-400 μM for AA, 2-16 μM for both DA and UA, and a limit of detection as low as 40.0, 1.1 and 7.3 × 10-1 μM for AA, DA and UA, respectively. They are expected to be used as a potential tool for the simultaneous detection of DA, AA and UA in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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Coleone AP, Lascane LG, Batagin-Neto A. Polypyrrole derivatives for optoelectronic applications: a DFT study on the influence of side groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17729-17739. [PMID: 31367712 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02638j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated organic polymers have been considered interesting materials for various technological applications, mainly due to their unique optoelectronic properties and the variety of methods employed in their synthesis. In this context, polypyrrole (PPy) derivatives have been widely employed. The great versatility of synthesis of this material allows the production of a number of derivatives with distinct properties, allowing their application in several areas. In this report, aiming to guide the design of compounds with specific features, electronic structure calculations were conducted to evaluate the influence of side groups in the structural, optical and electronic properties of PPy derivatives. The calculations were carried out for oligomeric systems in the framework of density functional theory. Preliminary benchmark studies were conducted by employing two distinct functionals for geometry optimization and evaluation of optoelectronic properties. Comparative studies of the bond length alternation, spatial and energetic distribution of the frontier orbitals, electronic gaps, exciton binding energies, optical absorption spectra and electronic density of states were conducted for each derivative and the influence of the side groups was discussed in terms of their electron donation/withdrawing properties. A set of simple rules (linear equations) was proposed for the prediction of optoelectronic properties of PPy derivatives. In particular, the results have shown that simple Hammett parameters of side groups are sufficient to enable the design of improved materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pifer Coleone
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Sciences, POSMAT, Campus of Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Anantha-Iyengar G, Shanmugasundaram K, Nallal M, Lee KP, Whitcombe MJ, Lakshmi D, Sai-Anand G. Functionalized conjugated polymers for sensing and molecular imprinting applications. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Laster JS, Ezeamaku CD, Beaudoin SP, Boudouris BW. Impact of surface chemistry on the adhesion of an energetic small molecule to a conducting polymer surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Canoluk C, Gursoy SS. Chemical modification of rose leaf with polypyrrole for the removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1336722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Canoluk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur TR-15030, Turkey
| | - Songul Sen Gursoy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur TR-15030, Turkey
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Nessark F, Zouaoui A, Garcia-Cruz A, Bonhomme A, Lee M, Nessark B, Zine N, Marote P, Bausells J, Baraket A, Errachid A. Fabrication of new polypyrrole/silicon nitride hybrid materials for potential applications in electrochemical sensors: Synthesis and characterization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1336728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Nessark
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne cedex, France
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Matériaux (LEM), Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Zouaoui
- Laboratoire de Croissance et Caractérisation de Nouveaux Semi-conducteurs (LCCNS), Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Algeria
| | - Alvaro Garcia-Cruz
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Anne Bonhomme
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Michael Lee
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Belkacem Nessark
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Matériaux (LEM), Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Algeria
| | - Nadia Zine
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Pedro Marote
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Joan Bausells
- Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (CNM), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Abdoullatif Baraket
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne cedex, France
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Ozkan S, Sen Gursoy S. Pyrrole/N-p-toluenepyrrole copolymers in the presence of surfactants: A promising material for glucose sensing. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevki Ozkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science; Mehmet Akif Ersoy University; Burdur TR-15030 Turkey
| | - Songul Sen Gursoy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science; Mehmet Akif Ersoy University; Burdur TR-15030 Turkey
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Otrokhov GV, Morozova OV, Vasil’eva IS, Shumakovich GP, Zaitseva EA, Khlupova ME, Yaropolov AI. Biocatalytic synthesis of conducting polymers and prospects for its application. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:1539-53. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Ramya R, Sangaranarayanan M. Electrochemical sensing of glucose using polyaniline nanofiber dendrites-amperometric and impedimetric analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Reuven D, Sil D, Sannigrahi B, Wang XQ, Baird B, Khan IM. Archetypical Conductive Polymer Structure for Specific Interaction with Proteins. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2012.662073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darkeyah Reuven
- a Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials , Clark Atlanta University , Atlanta , GA
| | - Dwaipayan Sil
- b Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY
| | - Biswajit Sannigrahi
- a Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials , Clark Atlanta University , Atlanta , GA
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- a Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials , Clark Atlanta University , Atlanta , GA
| | - Barbara Baird
- b Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY
| | - Ishrat M. Khan
- a Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials , Clark Atlanta University , Atlanta , GA
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