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Interactions of Small-Molecule Guests with Interior and Exterior Surfaces of a Coordination Cage Host. CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination cages are well-known to act as molecular containers that can bind small-molecule guests in their cavity. Such cavity binding is associated with interactions of the guests with the surrounding set of surfaces that define the cavity; a guest that is a good fit for the cavity will have many favourable interactions with the interior surfaces of the host. As cages have exterior as well as interior surfaces, possibilities also exist for ‘guests’ that are not well-bound in the cavity to interact with the exterior surface of the cage where spatial constraints are fewer. In this paper, we report a combined solid-state and solution study using an octanuclear cubic M8L12 coordination cage which illustrates the occurrence of both types of interaction. Firstly, crystallographic studies show that a range of guests bind inside the cavity (either singly or in stacked pairs) and/or interact with the cage exterior surface, depending on their size. Secondly, fluorescence titrations in aqueous solution show how some flexible aromatic disulfides show two separate types of interaction with the cage, having different spectroscopic consequences; we ascribe this to separate interactions with the exterior surface and the interior surface of the host cage with the former having a higher binding constant. Overall, it is clear that the idea of host/guest interactions in molecular containers needs to take more account of external surface interactions as well as the obvious cavity-based binding.
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Levín P, Escudero D, Díaz N, Oliver A, Lappin AG, Ferraudi G, Lemus L. Structural and Photochemical Properties of Zn(II) Phenanthroline-Derived Complexes: From Mononuclear to Bimetallic and Circular-Trimetallic Helicates. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1660-1674. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Levín
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, 3363 Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dayra Escudero
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, 3363 Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Díaz
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, 3363 Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Luis Lemus
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, 3363 Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
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Phapale D, Kushwaha A, Das D. A simple benzimidazole styryl-based colorimetric chemosensor for dual sensing application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 214:111-118. [PMID: 30771591 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new colorimetric styryl-benzimidazole based receptor to recognize more than one analyte trans-2-[4'-(dimethylamino)styryl]benzimidazole) (L1) has been synthesized and fully characterized by 13C and 1H NMR, elemental analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, and HRMS. Investigation of sensing ability of receptor L1 was carried out in presence of multiple anions (Br-, CN-, Cl-, ClO4-, F-, HSO4-, PF6-, NO3-, S2-, OH-, AcO- and H2PO4-) and cations (Cu2+, Cr3+, Al3+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, K+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ag+, Hg2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Pb2+, Na+, and Zn2+) by using UV-vis spectroscopy. Receptor L1 showed colorimetric response towards only for HSO4- ion. Receptor L1-HSO4- interaction confirmed with the help of 1H NMR titration. Among various cations, L1 selectively sense the Cu2+ and Al3+ with the drastic colour change from yellow to green and dark yellow respectively. The stoichiometric binding ratio of L1 with HSO4-, Cu2+, and Al3+ found to be 1:1 by jobs method and HRMS data proved the complex formation between L1 and Cu2+/Al3+ with very low detection limit. In addition to explore practical applicability of L1, paper strips have been made and used to detect HSO4- and Cu2+ ions, respectively, up to 10 ppm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daulat Phapale
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Archana Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Dipanwita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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Ibáñez S, Peris E. Chemically Tunable Formation of Different Discrete, Oligomeric, and Polymeric Self-Assembled Structures from Digold Metallotweezers. Chemistry 2018; 24:8424-8431. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM); Universitat Jaume I; Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n Castelló 12006 Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM); Universitat Jaume I; Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n Castelló 12006 Spain
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Ibáñez S, Poyatos M, Peris E. Cation‐Driven Self‐Assembly of a Gold(I)‐Based Metallo‐Tweezer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
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6
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Ibáñez S, Poyatos M, Peris E. Cation‐Driven Self‐Assembly of a Gold(I)‐Based Metallo‐Tweezer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
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Moghaddam MB, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Fridgen TD. Self-Assembled Multimetallic/Peptide Complexes: Structures and Unimolecular Reactions of [Mn (GlyGly-H)2n-1 ](+) and Mn+1 (GlyGly-H2n ](2+) Clusters in the Gas Phase. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3290-301. [PMID: 26279054 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The unimolecular chemistry and structures of self-assembled complexes containing multiple alkaline-earth-metal dications and deprotonated GlyGly ligands are investigated. Singly and doubly charged ions [Mn (GlyGly-H)n-1 ](+) (n=2-4), [Mn+1 (GlyGly-H)2n ](2+) (n=2,4,6), and [M(GlyGly-H)GlyGly](+) were observed. The losses of 132 Da (GlyGly) and 57 Da (determined to be aminoketene) were the major dissociation pathways for singly charged ions. Doubly charged Mg(2+) clusters mainly lost GlyGly, whereas those containing Ca(2+) or Sr(2+) also underwent charge separation. Except for charge separation, no loss of metal cations was observed. Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectra were the most consistent with the computed IR spectra for the lowest energy structures, in which deprotonation occurs at the carboxyl acid groups and all amide and carboxylate oxygen atoms are complexed to the metal cations. The N-H stretch band, observed at 3350 cm(-1) , is indicative of hydrogen bonding between the amine nitrogen atoms and the amide hydrogen atom. This study represents the first into large self-assembled multimetallic complexes bound by peptide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam B Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | | | - Travis D Fridgen
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada.
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Vaddypally S, Xu C, Zhao S, Fan Y, Schafmeister CE, Zdilla MJ. Architectural spiroligomers designed for binuclear metal complex templating. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6457-63. [PMID: 23668771 DOI: 10.1021/ic4003498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first structurally, spectroscopically, and electronically characterized metal-spiroligomer complexes are reported. The binuclear [M2L2](4+) ions (M = Mn, Zn) are macrocyclic "squares" and are characterized by X-ray diffraction, (1)H and (13)C NMR, electronic absorption, emission, and mass spectroscopies. The manganese complex contains two spin-independent Mn(II) ions and is additionally characterized using EPR and CD spectroscopies and CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaiah Vaddypally
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Fegade U, Sharma H, Tayade K, Attarde S, Singh N, Kuwar A. An amide based dipodal Zn2+ complex: nano-molar detection of HSO4− in a semi-aqueous system. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6824-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Cisnetti F, Maréchal JD, Nicaise M, Guillot R, Desmadril M, Lambert F, Policar C. Metal Complexation of a D-Ribose-Based Ligand Decoded by Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Constable EC, Zhang G, Housecroft CE, Zampese JA. Zinc(ii) coordination polymers, metallohexacycles and metallocapsules—do we understand self-assembly in metallosupramolecular chemistry: algorithms or serendipity? CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05884c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lim CS, Jankolovits J, Kampf J, Pecoraro V. Chiral Metallacrown Supramolecular Compartments that Template Nanochannels: Self-Assembly and Guest Absorption. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:46-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Hao J, Hiratani K, Kameta N, Oba T. Synthesis of a novel tripodand having 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoeic amide groups and its anion recognition ability. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-009-9576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Li SS, Northrop BH, Yuan QH, Wan LJ, Stang PJ. Surface confined metallosupramolecular architectures: formation and scanning tunneling microscopy characterization. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:249-59. [PMID: 19072706 DOI: 10.1021/ar800117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metallosupramolecular compounds have attracted a great deal of attention over the past two decades largely because of their unique, highly complex structural characteristics and their potential electronic, magnetic, optical, and catalytic properties. These molecules can be prepared with relative ease using coordination-driven self-assembly techniques. In particular, the use of electron-poor square-planar Pt(II) transition metals in conjunction with rigid, electron-rich pyridyl donors has enabled the spontaneous self-assembly of a rich library of 2D metallacyclic and 3D metallacage assemblies via the directional-bonding approach. With this progress in the preparation and characterization of metallosupramolecules, researchers have now turned their attention toward fully exploring and developing their materials properties. Assembling metallosupramolecular compounds on solid supports represents a vitally important step toward developing their materials properties. Surfaces provide a means of uniformly aligning and orienting these highly symmetric metallacycles and metallacages. This uniformity increases the level of coherence between molecules above that which can be achieved in the solution phase and provides a way to integrate adsorbed layers, or adlayers, into a solid-state materials setting. The dynamic nature of kinetically labile Pt(II)-N coordination bonds requires us to adjust deposition and imaging conditions to retain the assemblies' stability. Toward these aims, we have used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to image these adlayers and to understand the factors that govern surface self-assembly and the interactions that influence their structure and stability. This Account describes our efforts to deposit 2D rectangular and square metallacycles and 3D trigonal bipyramidal and chiral trigonal prism metallacages on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and Au(111) substrates to give intact assemblies and ordered adlayers. We have investigated the effects of varying the size, symmetry, and dimensionality of supramolecular adsorbates, the choice of substrate, the use of a molecular template, and the effects of chirality. Our systematic investigations provide insights into the various adsorbate-adsorbate and substrate-adsorbate interactions that largely determine the architecture of each assembly and affect their performance in a materials setting. Rational control over adlayer formation and structure will greatly enhance the potential of these supramolecules to be used in a variety of applications such as host-guest sensing/diagnostic systems, molecular electronic devices, and heterogeneous stereoselective synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Brian H. Northrop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Qun-Hui Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Mahmoudi G, Morsali A. Mercury(II) metal–organic coordination polymers with pyrazine derivatives. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b903457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Baytekin HT, Sahre M, Rang A, Engeser M, Schulz A, Schalley CA. Characterization of self-assembled metallodendrimers in solution, in the gas phase, and at air/solid interfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:1823-1834. [PMID: 18752209 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is found that 4,4'-bipyridines functionalized in their 3,3'-positions with Fréchet dendrons of 0th to 3rd generation self-assemble with (dppp)M(II) triflates (dppp: bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; M = Pd, Pt) into metallo-supramolecular squares. They bear a nanometer-sized cavity inside an unpolar dendritic shell. A total of eight amide groups decorate the rims of the cavity connecting the dendrons to the square. Evidence for their formation up to the third generation comes from ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry and NMR experiments. Based on these results, the presence of significant amounts of other polygons or open-chain oligomers can be excluded. Exchange processes have been studied by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy and by following the ligand exchanges between different squares by mass spectrometry. The ligand exchange is much slower for the Pt(II) squares as compared to their Pd(II) analogs. Visualization of films of these dendrimers using atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides information on their molecular dimensions. After deposition of a square monolayer on the surface, a slow reorganization within this layer is observed which leads to the formation of "tower-like" aggregates and multi-layer formation. The interplay of interactions between the dendrimers and the surface and interactions between different dendrimers are invoked to rationalize the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tarik Baytekin
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
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Selective inclusion of cesium ion in a cryptand-type Ti(IV) complex derived from a tripodal tris-2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene ligand. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-008-9429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Fitchett CM, Steel PJ. Synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of metal complexes of three isomeric bibenzodiazines: Discrete and polymeric assemblies. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Steel PJ, Fitchett CM. Metallosupramolecular silver(I) assemblies based on pyrazine and related ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Akhbari K, Morsali A, Rafiei S, Zeller M. A new two-dimensional AgI coordination polymer with Ag⋯C interactions: Thermal, fluorescence, structural and solution studies. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Synthesis and X-ray structures of two discrete metal complexes of 2,2′-bi-1,5-naphthyridine, a new ambivergent ligand. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Lin N, Langner A, Tait SL, Rajadurai C, Ruben M, Kern K. Template-directed supramolecular self-assembly of coordination dumbbells at surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4860-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b712082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Ako AM, Maid H, Sperner S, Zaidi SHUMAH, Saalfrank RW, Alam MS, Müller P, Heinemann FW. Metal–Organic Coordination Networks of Ferric Wheels, their Surface-supported Supramolecular Architectures and STM/STS Imaging. Supramol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270500114632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayuk M. Ako
- a Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Maid
- a Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Sperner
- a Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Syeda HUMA H. Zaidi
- a Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Saalfrank
- a Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mohammad S. Alam
- b Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Müller
- b Physikalisches Institut III, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- c Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Biros SM, Rebek J. Structure and binding properties of water-soluble cavitands and capsules. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 36:93-104. [PMID: 17173148 DOI: 10.1039/b508530f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic receptors are modern tools for investigations into the forces involved in recognition. A widely exploited class of receptors are the resorcin[4]arene-based cavitands and capsules. This critical review (71 references) describes the evolution of water-soluble versions of these structures, along with insights the resulting host-ndash complexes have provided with regard to complexation driving forces in water. An emphasis has been placed on the influence of host structure on guest affinity and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Biros
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB26, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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25
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Synthesis of supramolecular boron complex with anthryl groups exhibiting specific optical response for chloride ion. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Cottam JR, Steel PJ. X-ray crystal structures of discrete and polymeric chiral silver complexes of monoterpenoid alkenes. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Chas M, Platas-Iglesias C, Peinador C, Quintela JM. New self-assembled dinuclear Pd(II) and Pt(II) metallomacrocycles of a 4,4′-bipyridin-1-ium ligand with an inner cavity. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Vickaryous WJ, Zakharov LN, Johnson DW. Self-assembled antimony-thiolate Sb2L3and Sb2L2Cl2complexes. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10241220600857710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Varughese S, Pedireddi VR. A Competitive Molecular Recognition Study: Syntheses and Analysis of Supramolecular Assemblies of 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and Its Bromo Derivative with Some N-Donor Compounds. Chemistry 2006; 12:1597-609. [PMID: 16250059 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A molecular recognition study of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1) and its bromo derivative 4-bromo-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2) with the N-donor compounds 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpyee), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpyea), and 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy) is reported. Thus, the syntheses and structural analysis of molecular adducts 1 a-1 c (1 with bpyee, bpyea, and bpy, respectively) and 2 a-2 c (2 with bpyee, bpyea, and bpy, respectively) are discussed. In all these adducts, recognition between the constituents is established through either O--H...N and/or O--H...N/C--H...O pairwise hydrogen bonds. In all the adducts both OH and COOH functional groups available on 1 and 2 interact with the N-donor compounds, except in 2 a, in which only COOH (COO-) is involved in the recognition process. The COOH moieties in 1 a, 1 b, and 2 b form only single O--H...N hydrogen bonds, whereas in 1 c and 2 c, they form pairwise O--H...N/C--H...O hydrogen bonds. In addition, subtle differences in the recognition patterns resulted in the formation of cyclic networks of different dimensions. In fact, only 1 c forms a four-molecule cyclic moiety, as was already documented in the literature for this kind of assemblies. All complexes have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The supramolecular architectures are quite elegant and simple, with stacking of sheets in all adducts, but a rather complex network with a threefold interpenetration pattern was found in 2 c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Varughese
- Solid State & Supramolecular Structural Chemistry Lab, Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
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30
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Pascu M, Clarkson GJ, Kariuki BM, Hannon MJ. Aggregation of imine-based metallo-supramolecular architectures through π–π interactions. Dalton Trans 2006:2635-42. [PMID: 16804575 DOI: 10.1039/b517643c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design of supramolecular architectures based on isoquinoline-imine ligand systems is described. The isoquinoline affords an extended pi surface and the use of this surface to obtain self-recognition and consequent pi-pi aggregation is investigated. The approach is effective in that each of four complexes is observed to aggregate through these interactions. Other pi-pi interactions can interfere with the aggregation indicating that a larger pi-surface may be required to obtain complete control over the aggregation of the units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Pascu
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UKB15 2TT
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31
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Jeong KS, Kim SY, Shin US, Kogej M, Hai NTM, Broekmann P, Jeong N, Kirchner B, Reiher M, Schalley CA. Synthesis of Chiral Self-Assembling Rhombs and Their Characterization in Solution, in the Gas Phase, and at the Liquid−Solid Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:17672-85. [PMID: 16351097 DOI: 10.1021/ja053781i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral, enantiopure metallo-supramolecular rhombs self-assemble in solution through coordination of bis-pyridyl-substituted ligands with (en)M(NO3)2 (en = ethylenediamine, M = Pd(II), Pt(II)). Characterization by NMR and CD spectroscopy in solution and by ESI-FT-ICR mass spectrometry in the gas phase suggests that an equilibrium exists in water/methanol of a major 2:2 complex and a minor 3:3 complex of ligands and metal corners. In the gas phase, doubly charged 2:2 complexes fragment into two identical singly charged halves followed by metal-mediated C-H and C-C bond activation reactions within the ethylenediamine ligands. Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) provides in situ imaging of the complexes even with submolecular resolution. Flat-lying rhombs are deposited under potential control from an aqueous electrolyte on a Cu(100) electrode surface precovered by a tetragonal pattern of chloride anions from the supporting electrolyte. Chirality induces the formation of only one domain orientation. Density functional calculations help to interpret the STM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Seok Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Molecular Engineering and Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
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32
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Campos-Fernández CS, Schottel BL, Chifotides HT, Bera JK, Bacsa J, Koomen JM, Russell DH, Dunbar KR. Anion Template Effect on the Self-Assembly and Interconversion of Metallacyclophanes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:12909-23. [PMID: 16159285 DOI: 10.1021/ja052108q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (bptz) with solvated first-row transition metals M(II) (M(II) = Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu) have been explored with emphasis on the factors that influence the identity of the resulting cyclic products for Ni(II) and Zn(II). The relatively small anions, namely [ClO4]- and [BF4]-, lead to the formation of molecular squares [{M4(bptz)4(CH3CN)8} subsetX][X]7, (M = Zn(II), Ni(II); X = [BF4]-, [ClO4]-), whereas the larger anion [SbF6]- favors the molecular pentagon [{Ni5(bptz)5-(CH3CN)10} subsetSbF6][SbF6]9. The molecular pentagon easily converts to the square in the presence of excess [BF4]-, [ClO4]-, and [I]- anions, whereas the Ni(II) square can be partially converted to the less stable pentagon under more forcing conditions in the presence of excess [SbF6]- ions. No evidence for the molecular square being in equilibrium with the pentagon was observed in the ESI-MS spectra of the individual square and pentagon samples. Anion-exchange reactions of the encapsulated ion in [{Ni4(bptz)4(CH3CN)8} subsetClO4][ClO4]7 reveal that a larger anion such as [IO4]- cannot replace [ClO4]- inside the cavity, but that the linear [Br3]- anion is capable of doing so. ESI-MS studies of the reaction between [Ni(CH3CN)6][NO3]2 and bptz indicate that the product is trinuclear. Mass spectral studies of the bptz reactions with Mn(II), Fe(II), and Cu(II), in the presence of [ClO4]- anions, support the presence of molecular squares. The formation of the various metallacyclophanes is discussed in light of the factors that influence these self-assembly reactions, such as choice of metal ion, anion, and solvent.
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33
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Zeidan TA, Clark RJ, Ghiviriga I, Kovalenko SV, Alabugin IV. Triplet Acetylenes as Synthetic Equivalents of 1,2-Bicarbenes, Part II: New Supramolecular Scaffolds from Photochemical Cycloaddition of Diarylacetylenes to 1,4-Cyclohexadienes. Chemistry 2005; 11:4953-60. [PMID: 15966030 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
1,5-Diaryl substituted homoquadricyclanes which are readily available through cascade photocycloaddition of diarylacetylenes to 1,4-cyclohexadienes are useful supramolecular scaffolds with an angle of about 60 degrees formed by the two aromatic rings defining a hydrophobic cavity. These structural features of pyridinyl homoquadricyclanes were applied to the design of composite organic/inorganic materials with topologies depending on the ratio of ligand to metal. The crystal structure of complex 1 (L1/AgNO(3) in a 1:1 ratio) shows an alternating ligand-metal polymer in which each of the silver ions in its linear coordination geometry is shared between two L1 molecules. A small change in the crystallization method yields a supramolecular rhomboid (complex 2, L1/AgNO(3) 3:2 ratio) which has two ligands that occupy opposite corners of the rhomboid and two silver atoms occupy the other two corners. Connection of the rhomboids units through a third molecule forms unique "beads on a string" polymeric chains. In complex 2, the silver ions adopt a distorted tetrahedral geometry with the nitrate anion occupying one of the vertices of the tetrahedron. The crystal packing of the chain of rhomboids generates cavities which are filled with disordered solvent molecules. Non-symmetrical homoquadricyclane L3 coordinates with silver only through the nitrogen of the pyridine ring but not through the nitrogen of the tetrafluoropyridine ring in which the electron density of the nitrogen lone-pair is very low. The substituents on the polycyclic moiety of the homoquadricyclane cause restricted rotation of the pyridine rings which suggests that the flexibility of such systems can be fine-tuned to create a family of supramolecular scaffolds of controlled rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Zeidan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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34
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Zuccaccia D, Pirondini L, Pinalli R, Dalcanale E, Macchioni A. Dynamic and Structural NMR Studies of Cavitand-Based Coordination Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:7025-32. [PMID: 15884946 DOI: 10.1021/ja042265+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interionic structure, kinetic stability, and degree of anion encapsulation of coordination cages 1 were studied by PGSE, NOE, and EXSY NMR techniques. The rate constants for the formation/dissociation processes at 296 K were obtained independently via (1)H-NOESY and (19)F-NOESY experiments giving, respectively, k(obs) = 0.30 +/- 0.04 s(-1) in CDCl(3) and k(obs) = 5.2 +/- 0.8 s(-1) in CD(3)NO(2)/CDC(13) (7.1) mixture with the proton probe, and k(obs) = 0.33 +/- 0.06 s(-1) in CDCl(3) and k(obs) = 5.0 +/- 0.8 s(-1) in CD(3)NO(2)/CDC(13) (7/1 mixture) with the (19)F probe. PGSE experiments showed that in CDCl(3) not only the encapsuled anion but also the external anions translate with the same rate as the cage. (19)F,(1)H-HOESY experiments indicated that an average of five external triflate anions are located in the equatorial sites close to the palladium moieties, while two of them approach the polar pockets formed by the alkyl chains. In a CD(3)NO(2)/CDCl(3) (7/1) mixture only one or two anions are in close proximity with the cage, while the others are solvated. In all the considered solvents (benzene, chloroform, methylene chloride, and nitromethane) the inclusion of a single unsolvated triflate anion in the cage is quantitative. (19)F,(1)H-HOESY experiments indicated that the charged guest head points toward one metal center. Therefore, while the ionic aggregation level and kinetic stability of coordination cages 1 are solvent dependent, anion encapsulation is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy
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35
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Abstract
Reversible encapsulation creates spaces where molecules are temporarily isolated from others in solution. Molecules are held within the space of the capsule for lifetimes ranging from milliseconds to hours, and conventional NMR spectroscopy can be used to report on the chemical and magnetic environment as well as the arrangement of the molecules in the encapsulation complex. The complexes self-assemble when, and only when, the spaces inside the capsules are appropriately filled. The weak intermolecular forces that hold these self-assemblies together allow equilibration of the encapsulation complexes at ambient temperatures and pressures in the liquid phase. When two or more molecules are simultaneously encapsulated, intermolecular phenomena are revealed in solution that cannot be observed by other methods. We describe here the unique behavior that emerges from molecules that are simultaneously encapsulated and includes new forms of stereochemistry, isomerism, and asymmetry inside capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Rebek
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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36
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37
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Tuna F, Lees MR, Clarkson GJ, Hannon MJ. Readily Prepared Metallo-Supramolecular Triple Helicates Designed to Exhibit Spin-Crossover Behaviour. Chemistry 2004; 10:5737-50. [PMID: 15472936 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
New dinuclear supramolecular cylinders have been designed to exhibit spin-crossover behaviour, a form of molecular bistability. This has been achieved within the framework of our imine-based approach to supramolecular architecture by switching from pyridylimine systems to imidazolimines. Spin-crossover behaviour is achieved while retaining the simplicity and ease-of-synthesis of our molecular design. The imidazole groups used also introduce additional NH groups that engage in hydrogen-bonding to anions and solvents. In the case of the iron(II) tetrafluoroborate complex this hydrogen bonding links supramolecular cylinders into an extended two-dimensional array. Consistent with this, a sharper spin-crossover transition is observed for this compound than for the corresponding hexafluorophosphate salt. More subtle anion effects are indicated in the perchlorate salt which gives a two-step spin conversion, thereby displaying tristability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Tuna
- Centre for Supramolecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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38
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Vickaryous WJ, Herges R, Johnson DW. Arsenic-? Interactions Stabilize a Self-Assembled As2L3 Supramolecular Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:5831-3. [PMID: 15523727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Jake Vickaryous
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
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39
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Vickaryous WJ, Herges R, Johnson DW. Arsenic-? Interactions Stabilize a Self-Assembled As2L3 Supramolecular Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Shao XB, Jiang XK, Zhu SZ, Li ZT. Strapped porphyrin rosettes based on the melamine–cyanuric acid motif. Self-assembly and supramolecular recognition. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Schalley CA. Elements for the construction of molecular devices: template effects and self‐assembly. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A. Schalley
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Strasse 1, D‐53121 Bonn, Germany
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42
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Li M, Cai P, Duan C, Lu F, Xie J, Meng Q. Octanuclear Metallocyclic Ni4Fc4 Compound: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electrochemical Sensing for Mg2+. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:5174-6. [PMID: 15310187 DOI: 10.1021/ic049530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New, neutral octanuclearmacrocyclic compound Ni(4)Fc(4) was achieved via self-assembly from Ni(BF(4))(2) and a ferrocene-containing bis-tridentate ligand. The compound exhibits a channeled structure with cavities inside and senses the Mg(2+) electrochemically in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Li
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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43
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Kameta N, Hiratani K, Houjou H, Kanesato M. Synthesis of the Boron Complex Composed of the Noncyclic Ligands Having Plural Hydroxy Groups and the Binding Ability Toward Lanthanoid Ions. CHEM LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2004.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Fiedler D, Pagliero D, Brumaghim JL, Bergman RG, Raymond KN. Encapsulation of Cationic Ruthenium Complexes into a Chiral Self-Assembled Cage. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:846-8. [PMID: 14753801 DOI: 10.1021/ic035105s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A chiral supramolecular assembly encapsulates the two cationic ruthenium sandwich complexes [CpRu(eta(6)-C(6)H(6))](+) and [CpRu(p-cymene)](+). The host-guest complexes K(11)[CpRu(eta(6)-C(6)H(6)) subset Ga(4)L(6)] (2) and K(11)[CpRu(p-cymene) subset Ga(4)L(6)] (3) were characterized by one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques as well as by electrospray mass spectrometry. Encapsulation of the prochiral complex [CpRu(p-cymene)](+) by the chiral host renders enantiotopic protons diastereotopic as evidenced by (1)H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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45
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Pascu M, Tuna F, Kolodziejczyk E, Pascu GI, Clarkson G, Hannon MJ. Binding sites on the outside of metallo-supramolecular architectures; engineering coordination polymers from discrete architectures. Dalton Trans 2004:1546-55. [PMID: 15252603 DOI: 10.1039/b403749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of metallo-supramolecular architectures through additional coordination is explored by introducing metal-binding units onto the outside of the supramolecular architectures. This is achieved within the framework of our imine-based approach to supramolecular architecture, by replacing the pyridylimine units with pyrazylketimine units. An advantage of the design is that it retains the ease-of-synthesis which characterises our imine-based approach. Silver(I) complexes of three pyrazylketimine ligand systems are described. The complexes demonstrate that introducing pyrazine donor units does indeed allow higher-order assembly of the distinct supramolecular architectures into engineered coordination polymers. Two distinct types of aggregation are observed. In the first, the donors on the outside of one architecture bind to the metals of another to link the units into a polymeric array. In the second type, the donors on the outside of the architectures bind to separate metal centres which are themselves not part of the architectures, and these separate metal centres link the units to form the macromolecular array. The weaker donor nature of the pyrazine nitrogens (compared to pyridine) also introduces an additional element into the design; higher coordination numbers are favoured and this can lead to arrays with higher connectivity than those observed in the discrete pyridylimine architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Pascu
- Centre for Supramolecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK CV4 7AL
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46
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Al-Mandhary M, Steel P. X-ray Crystallographic Study of Copper(II), Cobalt(II) and Silver(I) Complexes of Ligands Containing Two Oxine Subunits Linked by Xylylene Spacer Groups. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Strotmeyer KP, Fritsky IO, Pritzkow H, Krämer R. Self-assembly of a molecular figure-of-eight strip. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:28-9. [PMID: 14737316 DOI: 10.1039/b309215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hexanuclear copper(ii) complex with a figure-of-eight strip topology is formed by metal-directed self-assembly of tritopic ligand L, bis-bidentate glycine hydroxamic acid and Cu(ii) ions in a 2:2:6 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai P Strotmeyer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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Børsting P, Steel P. Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structures of Cobalt and Copper Complexes of 1,3-Bis(benzotriazolyl)propanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Self-assembly and crystal structure of a novel hetero-octametallic molecular box (Chelate complexes, Part 23). Polyhedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(03)00432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Su CY, Cai YP, Chen CL, Smith MD, Kaim W, zur Loye HC. Ligand-directed molecular architectures: self-assembly of two-dimensional rectangular metallacycles and three-dimensional trigonal or tetragonal prisms. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:8595-613. [PMID: 12848568 DOI: 10.1021/ja034267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three angular ditopic ligands (1,3-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-4,6-dimethylbenzene L(1), 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene L(2), and 1,4-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene L(3)) and one tripodal ligand 1,3,5-tris(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene L(4) have been prepared. Reaction of these shape-specific designed ligands with different metal salts affords a series of discrete molecular architectures: [Ag(2)L(1)(2)](BF(4))(2) 1, [Ag(2)L(2)(2)](CF(3)SO(3))(2) 2, [CF(3)SO(3)(-) subset Ag(2)L(3)(2)]CF(3)SO(3) 3, [CF(3)SO(3)(-) subset Ag(2)L(3)(3)]CF(3)SO(3) 4, [ClO(4)(-) subset Cu(2)L(2)(4)](ClO(4))(3) 5, [4H(2)O subset Ni(2)L(2)(4)Cl(4)].6H(2)O 6, [BF(4)(-) subset Ag(3)L(4)(2)](BF(4))(2) 7, [ClO(4)(-) subset Ag(3)L(4)(2)](ClO(4))(2) 8, and [CuI(3)(2-) subset Cu(3)L(4)(2)](2)[Cu(2)I(4)] 9. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. 1 is a dinuclear metallacycle with 2-fold rotational symmetry in which two syn-conformational L(1) ligands are connected by two linearly coordinated Ag(+) ions. 2 and 3 are structurally related, consisting of rectangular structures assembled from two linearly coordinated Ag(+) ions and two L(2) or L(3) ligands. The structure of 4 is a trigonal prismatic box consisting of two Ag(+) ions in trigonal planar coordination linked by three L(3) ligands, while the structures of 5 and 6 are tetragonal prismatic cages constructed by two square planar Cu(2+) or Ni(2+) ions linked by four L(2) ligands. The topologies of 7-9 are similar to that of 4; however, these three structures are assembled from three linearly coordinated Ag(+) or Cu(+) ions and two tripodal ligands, representing an alternative strategy to assembling a trigonal prism. (1)H NMR and ESI-MS were utilized to elucidate the solution structures of these macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yong Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
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