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Khan MS, Khan Z, Jabir NR, Mehan S, Suhail M, Zaidi SK, Zughaibi TA, Abid M, Tabrez S. Synthesis and Neurobehavioral Evaluation of a Potent Multitargeted Inhibitor for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04351-w. [PMID: 39009798 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant health challenge worldwide, affecting millions of individuals, and projected to increase further as the global population ages. Current pharmacological interventions primarily target acetylcholine deficiency and amyloid plaque formation, but offer limited efficacy and are often associated with adverse effects. Given the multifactorial nature of AD, there is a critical need for novel therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target multiple pathological pathways. Targeting key enzymes involved in AD pathophysiology, such as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and gamma-secretase, is a potential strategy to mitigate disease progression. To this end, our research group has conducted comprehensive in silico screening to identify some lead compounds, including IQ6 (SSZ), capable of simultaneously inhibiting the enzymes mentioned above. Building upon this foundation, we synthesized SSZ, a novel multitargeted ligand/inhibitor to address various pathological mechanisms underlying AD. Chemically, SSZ exhibits pharmacological properties conducive to AD treatment, featuring pyrrolopyridine and N-cyclohexyl groups. Preclinical experimental evaluation of SSZ in AD rat model showed promising results, with notable improvements in behavioral and cognitive parameters. Specifically, SSZ treatment enhanced locomotor activity, ameliorated gait abnormalities, and improved cognitive function compared to untreated AD rats. Furthermore, brain morphological analysis demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of SSZ, attenuating Aβ-induced neuronal damage and preserving brain morphology. Combined treatment of SSZ and conventional drugs (DON and MEM) showed synergistic effects, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for AD management. Overall, our study highlights the efficacy of multitargeted ligands like SSZ in combating AD by addressing the complex etiology of the disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the full therapeutic potential of SSZ and the exploration of similar compounds in clinical settings, offering hope for an effective AD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuber Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Torki A Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Shamim T, Asif HM, Abida Ejaz S, Hussain Z, Wani TA, Sumreen L, Abdullah M, Ahmed Z, Iqbal J, Kim SJ, Shah MK. Investigations of Limeum Indicum Plant for Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease Dual Therapy: Phytochemical, GC-MS Chemical Profiling, Enzyme Inhibition, Molecular Docking and In-Vivo Studies. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301858. [PMID: 38608202 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Limeum indicum has been widely utilized in traditional medicine but no experimental work has been done on this herb. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a phytochemical analysis and assess the multifunctional capabilities of aforementioned plant in dual therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The phytochemical screening of ethanol, methanol extract, and their derived fractions of Limeum indicum was conducted using GC-MS, HPLC, UV-analysis and FTIR. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH method. The inhibitory potential of the extracts/fractions against α-, β-glucosidase acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and monoaminine oxidases (MAO-A & B) was evaluated. Results revealed that acetonitrile fraction has highest inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase (IC50=68.47±0.05 μg/mL), methanol extract against β-glucosidase (IC50=91.12±0.07 μg/mL), ethyl acetate fraction against AChE (IC50=59.0±0.02 μg/mL), ethanol extract against BChE (28.41±0.01 μg/mL), n-hexane fraction against MAO-A (IC50=150.5±0.31 μg/mL) and methanol extract for MAO-B (IC50=75.95±0.13 μg/mL). The docking analysis of extracts\fractions suggested the best binding scores within the active pocket of the respective enzymes. During the in-vivo investigation, ethanol extract produced hypoglycemic effect (134.52±2.79 and 119.38±1.40 mg/dl) after 21 days treatment at dose level of 250 and 500 mg/Kg. Histopathological findings further supported the in-vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Shamim
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Asif
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Center for Advance Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2452, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Sumreen
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Center for Advance Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Song Ja Kim
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, 32588, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Kamal Shah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, 29220, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
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Thangeswaran D, Shamsuddin S, Balakrishnan V. A comprehensive review on the progress and challenges of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as a promising therapeutic agent to treat Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30788. [PMID: 38803973 PMCID: PMC11128835 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. While the precise mechanism behind this rapid progression and multifaceted disease remains unknown, the numerous drawbacks of the available therapies are prevalent, necessitating effective alternative treatment methods. In view of the rising demand for effective AD treatment, numerous reports have shown that tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) is a valuable scaffold in various clinical medicinal molecules and has a promising potential as a therapeutic agent in treating AD due to its significant neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties via several mechanisms that target the altered signaling pathways. Therefore, this review comprehensively outlines the potential application of THIQ derivatives in AD treatment and the challenges in imparting the action of these prospective therapeutic agents. The review emphasizes a number of THIQ derivatives, including Dauricine, jatrorrhizine, 1MeTIQ, and THICAPA, that have been incorporated in AD studies in recent years. Subsequently, a dedicated section of the review briefly discusses the emerging potential benefits of multi-target therapeutics, which lie in their ability to be integrated with alternative therapeutics. Eventually, this review elaborates on the rising challenges and future recommendations for the development of therapeutic drug agents to treat AD effectively. In essence, the valuable research insights of THIQ derivatives presented in this comprehensive review would serve as an integral reference for future studies to develop potent therapeutic drugs for AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danesh Thangeswaran
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Nanobiotech Research Initiative, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Yu Z, Luo F. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Alzheimer's Disease: From Mechanism to Biomaterials Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304373. [PMID: 38508583 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, insidious, and progressive neurodegenerative disease that remains a clinical challenge for society. The fully approved drug lecanemab exhibits the prospect of therapy against the pathological processes, while debatable adverse events conflict with the drug concentration required for the anticipated therapeutic effects. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathological progression of AD, as has been demonstrated in much research regarding oxidative stress (OS). The contradiction between anticipated dosage and adverse event may be resolved through targeted transport by biomaterials and get therapeutic effects through pathological progression via regulation of ROS. Besides, biomaterials fix delivery issues by promoting the penetration of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), protecting the drug from peripheral degradation, and elevating bioavailability. The goal is to comprehensively understand the mechanisms of ROS in the progression of AD disease and the potential of ROS-related biomaterials in the treatment of AD. This review focuses on OS and its connection with AD and novel biomaterials in recent years against AD via OS to inspire novel biomaterial development. Revisiting these biomaterials and mechanisms associated with OS in AD via thorough investigations presents a considerable potential and bright future for improving effective interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Feng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Wu M, Li Y, Miao Y, Qiao H, Wang Y. Exploring the efficient natural products for Alzheimer's disease therapy via Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) models. J Drug Target 2023; 31:817-831. [PMID: 37545435 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2245582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a grievous neurodegenerative disorder and a major form of senile dementia, which is partially caused by abnormal amyloid-beta peptide deposition and Tau protein phosphorylation. But until now, the exact pathogenesis of AD and its treatment strategy still need to investigate. Fortunately, natural products have shown potential as therapeutic agents for treating symptoms of AD due to their neuroprotective activity. To identify the excellent lead compounds for AD control from natural products of herbal medicines, as well as, detect their modes of action, suitable animal models are required. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) is an important model for studying genetic and cellular biological pathways in complex biological processes. Various Drosophila AD models were broadly used for AD research, especially for the discovery of neuroprotective natural products. This review focused on the research progress of natural products in AD disease based on the fruit fly AD model, which provides a reference for using the invertebrate model in developing novel anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaodong Miao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Shehata MK, Ismail AA, Kamel MA. Combined Donepezil with Astaxanthin via Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Effective Delivery to Brain for Alzheimer's Disease in Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4193-4227. [PMID: 37534058 PMCID: PMC10391537 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s417928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Donepezil (DPL), a specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is used as a first-line treatment to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and it might have a disease modifying effect. Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural potent antioxidant with neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) co-loaded with donepezil and astaxanthin (DPL/AST-NLCs) and evaluate their in vivo efficacy in an AD-like rat model 30 days after daily intranasal administration. Methods DPL/AST-NLCs were prepared using a hot high-shear homogenization technique, in vitro examined for their physicochemical parameters and in vivo evaluated. AD induction in rats was performed by aluminum chloride. The cortex and hippocampus were isolated from the brain of rats for biochemical testing and histopathological examination. Results DPL/AST-NLCs showed z-average diameter 149.9 ± 3.21 nm, polydispersity index 0.224 ± 0.017, zeta potential -33.7 ± 4.71 mV, entrapment efficiency 81.25 ±1.98% (donepezil) and 93.85 ±1.75% (astaxanthin), in vitro sustained release of both donepezil and astaxanthin for 24 h, spherical morphology by transmission electron microscopy, and they were stable at 4-8 ± 2°C for six months. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that donepezil and astaxanthin were molecularly dispersed in the NLC matrix in an amorphous state. The DPL/AST-NLC-treated rats showed significantly lower levels of nuclear factor-kappa B, malondialdehyde, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1, caspase-3, amyloid beta (Aβ1‑42), and acetylcholinesterase, and significantly higher levels of glutathione and acetylcholine in the cortex and hippocampus than the AD-like untreated rats and that treated with donepezil-NLCs. DPL/AST-NLCs showed significantly higher anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, resulting in significant improvement in the cortical and hippocampal histopathology. Conclusion Nose-to-brain delivery of DPL/AST-NLCs is a promising strategy for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa K Shehata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Assem A Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Thammasart S, Namchaiw P, Pasuwat K, Tonsomboon K, Khantachawana A. Attenuation Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cell by 660nm and 810nm LED light irradiation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283976. [PMID: 37478089 PMCID: PMC10361470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) has a close correlation with neurodegenerative disorder especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). It induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in neurons. Therefore, it is used to generate AD-like in vitro model for studying neurotoxicity and neuroprotection against amyloid-β. A low-level light therapy (LLLT) is a non-invasive method that has been used to treat several neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, the red wavelength (660nm) and near infrared wavelength (810nm) at energy densities of 1, 3, and 5 J/cm2 were used to modulate biochemical processes in the neural cells. The exposure of Aβ1-42 resulted in cell death, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and retracted neurite outgrowth. We showed that both of LLLT wavelengths could protect neurons form Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in a biphasic manner. The treatment of LLLT at 3 J/cm2 potentially alleviated cell death and recovered neurite outgrowth. In addition, the treatment of LLLT following Aβ1-42 exposure could attenuate the intracellular ROS generation and Ca2+ influx. Interestingly, both wavelengths could induce minimal level of ROS generation. However, they did not affect cell viability. In addition, LLLT also stimulated Ca2+ influx, but not altered mitochondrial membrane potential. This finding indicated LLLT may protect neurons through the stimulation of secondary signaling messengers such as ROS and Ca2+. The increase of these secondary messengers was in a functional level and did not harmful to the cells. These results suggested the use of LLLT as a tool to modulate the neuronal toxicity following Aβ1-42 accumulation in AD's brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluk Thammasart
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poommaree Namchaiw
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
- Neuroscience Center for Research and Innovation, Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Pasuwat
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khaow Tonsomboon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anak Khantachawana
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wang L, Zhao T, Zhu X, Jiang Q. Low blood carotenoid status in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:195. [PMID: 36997905 PMCID: PMC10064563 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given their potent antioxidation properties, carotenoids play a role in delaying and preventing dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, observational studies have found inconsistent results regarding the associations between blood carotenoid levels and the risk of dementia and MCI. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between blood carotenoid levels and the risk of dementia and MCI. METHODS A systematic search was performed in the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases to retrieve relevant English articles published from their inception until February 23, 2023. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effect meta-analyses. Ultimately, 23 studies (n = 6610) involving 1422 patients with dementia, 435 patients with MCI, and 4753 controls were included. RESULTS Our meta-analysis showed that patients with dementia had lower blood lycopene (SMD: -0.521; 95%CI: -0.741, -0.301), α-carotene (SMD: -0.489; 95%CI: -0.697, -0.281), β-carotene (SMD: -0.476; 95%CI: -0.784, -0.168), lutein (SMD: -0.516; 95%CI: -0.753, -0.279), zeaxanthin (SMD: -0.571; 95%CI: -0.910, -0.232) and β-cryptoxanthin (SMD: -0.617; 95%CI: -0.953, -0.281) than the controls. Our results indicated that blood carotenoid levels were significantly lower in patients with dementia than in controls, despite high heterogeneity across the studies. Owing to insufficient data, we did not observe a similar and stable relationship between blood carotenoid levels and MCI. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicated that lower blood carotenoid levels may be a risk factor for dementia and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Minich DM, Henning M, Darley C, Fahoum M, Schuler CB, Frame J. Reply to Pluta, R. Comment on "Minich et al. Is Melatonin the "Next Vitamin D"?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3934". Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061507. [PMID: 36986237 PMCID: PMC10053200 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We would like to thank Dr. Pluta for his thoughtful comments [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Minich
- Department of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, University of Western States, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - Melanie Henning
- Department of Sports and Performance Psychology, University of the Rockies, Denver, CO 80202, USA
| | - Catherine Darley
- College of Naturopathic Medicine, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Mona Fahoum
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Corey B Schuler
- School of Nutrition, Sonoran University of Health Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
- Department of Online Education, Northeast College of Health Sciences, Seneca Falls, NY 13148, USA
| | - James Frame
- Natural Health International Pty., Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA
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Hoque M, Samanta A, Alam SSM, Zughaibi TA, Kamal MA, Tabrez S. Nanomedicine-based immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104973. [PMID: 36435391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease caused by the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils forming extracellular plaques and the development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Currently, the AD treatments focus on improving cognitive and behavioral symptoms and have limited success. It is imperative to develop novel treatment approaches that can control/inhibit AD progression, especially in the elderly population. Immunotherapy provides a promising and safe treatment option for AD by boosting the patient's immune system. The minimum immune surveillance in the immune-privileged brain, however, makes immunotherapy for AD a challenging endeavor. Therefore, the success of AD immunotherapy depends mainly on the strategy by which therapeutics is delivered to the brain rather than its efficacy. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to therapeutic delivery into the brain microenvironment. Various nano-formulations have been exploited to improve the efficacy of AD immunotherapy. In this review, the applications of different types of nano-formulations in augmenting AD immunotherapy have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Applied Bio-Chemistry (ABC) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Arijit Samanta
- Applied Bio-Chemistry (ABC) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, Kolkata 700160, India
| | | | - Torki A Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Alan E, Kerry Z, Sevin G. Molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease: From therapeutic targets to promising drugs. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 37:397-427. [PMID: 36576325 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment so widespread that it interferes with a person's ability to complete daily activities. AD is becoming increasingly common, and it is estimated that the number of patients will reach 152 million by 2050. Current treatment options for AD are symptomatic and have modest benefits. Therefore, considering the human, social, and economic burden of the disease, the development of drugs with the potential to alter disease progression has become a global priority. In this review, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of AD were evaluated as therapeutic targets. The main aim of the review is to focus on new knowledge about mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal transmission in AD, as well as a range of cellular signaling mechanisms and associated treatments. Important molecular interactions leading to AD were described in amyloid cascade and in tau protein function, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, cAMP-regulatory element-binding protein (CREB), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT-1), neuroinflammation (glial cells), and synaptic alterations. This review summarizes recent experimental and clinical research in AD pathology and analyzes the potential of therapeutic applications based on molecular disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Alan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Kerry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Sevin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Verma A, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Kamenetsky N, Pittala S, Paul A, Nahon Crystal E, Ouro A, Chalifa-Caspi V, Pandey SK, Monsengo A, Vardi N, Knafo S, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Targeting the overexpressed mitochondrial protein VDAC1 in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and mitigates brain pathology. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:58. [PMID: 36578022 PMCID: PMC9795455 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with dysregulated metabolism, brain inflammation, synaptic loss, and neuronal cell death. As a key protein serving as the mitochondrial gatekeeper, the voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1) that controls metabolism and Ca2+ homeostasis is positioned at a convergence point for various cell survival and death signals. Here, we targeted VDAC1 with VBIT-4, a newly developed inhibitor of VDAC1 that prevents its pro-apoptotic activity, and mitochondria dysfunction. METHODS To address the multiple pathways involved in AD, neuronal cultures and a 5 × FAD mouse model of AD were treated with VBIT-4. We addressed multiple topics related to the disease and its molecular mechanisms using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, q-RT-PCR, 3-D structural analysis and several behavioral tests. RESULTS In neuronal cultures, amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced VDAC1 and p53 overexpression and apoptotic cell death were prevented by VBIT-4. Using an AD-like 5 × FAD mouse model, we showed that VDAC1 was overexpressed in neurons surrounding Aβ plaques, but not in astrocytes and microglia, and this was associated with neuronal cell death. VBIT-4 prevented the associated pathophysiological changes including neuronal cell death, neuroinflammation, and neuro-metabolic dysfunctions. VBIT-4 also switched astrocytes and microglia from being pro-inflammatory/neurotoxic to neuroprotective phenotype. Moreover, VBIT-4 prevented cognitive decline in the 5 × FAD mice as evaluated using several behavioral assessments of cognitive function. Interestingly, VBIT-4 protected against AD pathology, with no significant change in phosphorylated Tau and only a slight decrease in Aβ-plaque load. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction with its gatekeeper VDAC1 is a promising target for AD therapeutic intervention, and VBIT-4 is a promising drug candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Verma
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nikita Kamenetsky
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Srinivas Pittala
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Avijit Paul
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Edna Nahon Crystal
- grid.443007.40000 0004 0604 7694Achva Academic College, 79804 Shikmim, Israel
| | - Alberto Ouro
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.488911.d0000 0004 0408 4897Present Address: NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Swaroop Kumar Pandey
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Monsengo
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noga Vardi
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shira Knafo
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Rajabian A, Farzanehfar M, Hosseini H, Arab FL, Nikkhah A. Boswellic acids as promising agents for the management of brain diseases. Life Sci 2022; 312:121196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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García Marín ID, Camarillo López RH, Martínez OA, Padilla-Martínez II, Correa-Basurto J, Rosales-Hernández MC. New compounds from heterocyclic amines scaffold with multitarget inhibitory activity on Aβ aggregation, AChE, and BACE1 in the Alzheimer disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269129. [PMID: 35657793 PMCID: PMC9165844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The preset neurodegenerations in Alzheimer disease (AD) are due to several mechanisms such as amyloidogenic proteolysis, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic dysfunction, among others. The aim of this work was to develop multitarget molecules for the treatment of AD. Therefore, a family of 64 molecules was designed based on ligand structure pharmacophores able to inhibit the activity of beta secretase (BACE1) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as well as to avoid amyloid beta (Aβ1–42) oligomerization. The backbone of designed molecules consisted of a trisubstituted aromatic ring, one of the substituents was a heterocyclic amine (piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine or N-methyl pyrrolidine) separated from the aromatic system by three carbon atoms. The set of compounds was screened in silico employing molecular docking calculations and chemoinformatic analyses. Based on Gibbs free energy of binding, binding mode and in silico predicted toxicity results, three of the best candidates were selected, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro; F3S4-m, F2S4-m, and F2S4-p. All three compounds prevented Aβ1–42 aggregation (F3S4-m in 30.5%, F2S4-p in 42.1%, and F2S4-m in 60.9%). Additionally, inhibitory activity against AChE (ki 0.40 μM and 0.19 μM) and BACE1 (IC50 15.97 μM and 8.38 μM) was also observed for compounds F2S4-m and F3S4-m, respectively. Despite the BACE IC50 results demonstrated that all compounds are very less potent respect to peptidomimetic inhibitor (PI-IV IC50 3.20 nM), we can still say that F3S4-m is capable to inhibit AChE and BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iohanan Daniel García Marín
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raúl Horacio Camarillo López
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Dirección Académica de Ingenierías Civil, Mecánica, Química, Ambiental y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Tecnológica de México, Campus Sur, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar Aurelio Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Itzia Irene Padilla-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Supramolecular, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
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Khan MS, Althobaiti MS, Almutairi GS, Alokail MS, Altwaijry N, Alenad AM, Al-Bagmi MS, Alafaleq NO. Elucidating the binding and inhibitory potential of p-Coumaric acid against amyloid fibrillation and their cytotoxicity: Biophysical and docking analysis. Biophys Chem 2022; 291:106823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Liang T, Zhang Y, Wu S, Chen Q, Wang L. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Alzheimer’s Disease and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:845185. [PMID: 35250595 PMCID: PMC8889079 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.845185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment. The typical pathological characteristics of AD are extracellular senile plaques composed of amyloid ß (Aβ) protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, and neuron loss. In the past hundred years, although human beings have invested a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, there is no widely recognized drug for the effective prevention and clinical cure of AD in the world so far. Therefore, evaluating and exploring new drug targets for AD treatment is an important topic. At present, researchers have not stopped exploring the pathogenesis of AD, and the views on the pathogenic factors of AD are constantly changing. Multiple evidence have confirmed that chronic neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. In the field of neuroinflammation, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key molecular link in the AD neuroinflammatory pathway. Under the stimulation of Aβ oligomers and tau aggregates, it can lead to the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and astrocytes in the brain, thereby causing caspase-1 activation and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, which ultimately triggers the pathophysiological changes and cognitive decline of AD. In this review, we summarize current literatures on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and activation-related regulation mechanisms, and discuss its possible roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Moreover, focusing on the NLRP3 inflammasome and combining with the upstream and downstream signaling pathway-related molecules of NLRP3 inflammasome as targets, we review the pharmacologically related targets and various methods to alleviate neuroinflammation by regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which provides new ideas for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Wang,
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Chauhan BS, Kumar R, Kumar P, Kumar P, Sinha S, Mishra SK, Kumar P, Tiwari KN, Critchley AT, Prithiviraj B, Srikrishna S. Neuroprotective potential of flavonoid rich Ascophyllum nodosum (FRAN) fraction from the brown seaweed on an Aβ 42 induced Alzheimer's model of Drosophila. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:153872. [PMID: 34906893 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathogenesis, aggregation of Aβ42 fibrils strongly correlates with memory dysfunction and neurotoxicity. Till date, no promising cures for AD. Report shows that flavonoids contributed anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and neuroprotection activity by regulating the mitochondrial machinery. Here, we first report the identification of flavonoids from Ascophyllum nodosum as having the ability to dissolve Aβ42 fibrils in an AD model of Drosophila. FRAN could be superior anti-AD agents for neuroprotection, their underlying mechanism and how they collectively halted amyloidogenesis is currently being investigated. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of FRAN in the Aβ42 expressing AD model of Drosophila. METHODS Drosophila stocks: OregonR+, ey-GAL4/CyO, elavc155-GAL4, UAS-mitoGFP, UAS-mcherry.mito.OMM, UAS-Aβ42/CyO were used, cultured at 28±1 °C in a BOD incubator. Ascophyllum extract rich in flavonoids as revealed by LC-MS study and employed against the AD flies. The validation of Aβ42 expression was done by immunostaining and q-RT PCR. The eye roughness of AD flies was scored in a dose-dependent manner. Further, In vivo and in silico studies of FRAN extract was executed against Aβ42 induced neurotoxicity. RESULTS In order to determine the most effective lethal dose of FRAN extract concentration 1, 2, 5, 10 mg/ml were screened using OregonR+flies. Extract 1 and 2 mg/ml did not show any lethality. Hence, extract 2 mg/ml was employed on AD flies and a ≥ 50% rescue in the eye phenotype was observed using SEM images. This dose had a strong effect on cell apoptosis, viability, longevity, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial dynamic markers in comparable to control. Extract also scavenging free radicals in order to maintain in situ cellular ROS and prevent Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity in vivo and in silico. Hence, we suggest its great potential as a future therapeutic agent for AD treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, FRAN extract rich in flavonoids as having largest neuroprotective activity against Aβ42 aggregation in eye tissue of Drosophila. Extract shows strong effect against Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity by altering the various cellular and molecular events. So, it could be considered as strong anti-AD agents for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Singh Chauhan
- Cell and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Cell and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Cell and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Cell and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Saket Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Alan T Critchley
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2 Canada
| | - Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Cell and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Jabir NR, Rehman MT, Alsolami K, Shakil S, Zughaibi TA, Alserihi RF, Khan MS, AlAjmi MF, Tabrez S. Concatenation of molecular docking and molecular simulation of BACE-1, γ-secretase targeted ligands: in pursuit of Alzheimer's treatment. Ann Med 2021; 53:2332-2344. [PMID: 34889159 PMCID: PMC8667905 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2009124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most predominant cause of dementia, has evolved tremendously with an escalating frequency, mainly affecting the elderly population. An effective means of delaying, preventing, or treating AD is yet to be achieved. The failure rate of dementia drug trials has been relatively higher than in other disease-related clinical trials. Hence, multi-targeted therapeutic approaches are gaining attention in pharmacological developments. AIMS As an extension of our earlier reports, we have performed docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies for the same 13 potential ligands against beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) and γ-secretase as a therapeutic target for AD. The In-silico screening of these ligands as potential inhibitors of BACE-1 and γ-secretase was performed using AutoDock enabled PyRx v-0.8. The protein-ligand interactions were analyzed in Discovery Studio 2020 (BIOVIA). The stability of the most promising ligand against BACE-1 and γ-secretase was evaluated by MD simulation using Desmond-2018 (Schrodinger, LLC, NY, USA). RESULTS The computational screening revealed that the docking energy values for each of the ligands against both the target enzymes were in the range of -7.0 to -10.1 kcal/mol. Among the 13 ligands, 8 (55E, 6Z2, 6Z5, BRW, F1B, GVP, IQ6, and X37) showed binding energies of ≤-8 kcal/mol against BACE-1 and γ-secretase. For the selected enzyme targets, BACE-1 and γ-secretase, 6Z5 displayed the lowest binding energy of -10.1 and -9.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The MD simulation study confirmed the stability of BACE-6Z5 and γ-secretase-6Z5 complexes and highlighted the formation of a stable complex between 6Z5 and target enzymes. CONCLUSION The virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed the potential of these multi-enzyme targeted ligands. Among the studied ligands, 6Z5 seems to have the best binding potential and forms a stable complex with BACE-1 and γ-secretase. We recommend the synthesis of 6Z5 for future in-vitro and in-vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R. Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Md. Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadeejah Alsolami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Torki A. Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed F. Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- 3D Bioprinting Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Jabir NR, Rehman MT, Tabrez S, Alserihi RF, AlAjmi MF, Khan MS, Husain FM, Ahmed BA. Identification of Butyrylcholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidase B Targeted Ligands and their Putative Application in Alzheimer's Treatment: A Computational Strategy. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2425-2434. [PMID: 33634754 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210226123240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the burgeoning worldwide aging population, the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its associated disorders is continuously rising. To appraise other relevant drug targets that could lead to potent enzyme targeting, 13 previously predicted ligands (shown favorable binding with AChE (acetylcholinesterase) and GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase) were screened for targeting 3 different enzymes, namely butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) to possibly meet the unmet medical need of better AD treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study utilized in silico screening of 13 ligands against BChE, MAO-A and MAOB using PyRx-Python prescription 0.8. The visualization of the active interaction of studied compounds with targeted proteins was performed by Discovery Studio 2020 (BIOVIA). RESULTS The computational screening of studied ligands revealed the docking energies in the range of -2.4 to -11.3 kcal/mol for all the studied enzymes. Among the 13 ligands, 8 ligands (55E, 6Z2, 6Z5, BRW, F1B, GVP, IQ6, and X37) showed the binding energies of ≤ -8.0 kcal/mol towards BChE, MAO-A and MAO-B. The ligand 6Z5 was found to be the most potent inhibitor of BChE and MAO-B, with a binding energy of -9.7 and -10.4 kcal mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation of BChE-6Z5 and MAO-B-6Z5 complex confirmed the formation of a stable complex. CONCLUSION Our computational screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that the above-mentioned enzymes targeted ligands might expedite the future design of potent anti-AD drugs generated on this chemical scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed F Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Meng M, Zhang L, Ai D, Wu H, Peng W. β-Asarone Ameliorates β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells by Activating P13K/Akt/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:659955. [PMID: 34040526 PMCID: PMC8141729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) causes oxidative stress, which is the major pathological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-asarone could reduce Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neuronal damage, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we used an Aβ-stimulated PC12 cell model to explore the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of β-asarone. The results showed that β-asarone could improve cell viability and weaken cell damage and apoptosis. β-asarone could also decrease the level of ROS and MDA; increase the level of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX; and ameliorate the mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, β-asarone could promote the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 by upregulating the level of PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, β-asarone could exert neuroprotective effects by modulating the P13K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. β-asarone might be a promising therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Meng
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Education Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Di Ai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Mitochondrial dysfunction: A potential target for Alzheimer's disease intervention and treatment. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1991-2002. [PMID: 33962036 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative brain disorder which manifests as a progressive decline in cognitive function. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the early stages of AD, and advances the progression of this age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, it can be a potential target for interventions to treat AD. Several therapeutic strategies to target mitochondrial dysfunction have gained significant attention in the preclinical stage, but the clinical trials performed to date have shown little progress. Thus, we discuss the mechanisms and strategies of different therapeutic agents for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. We hope that this review will inspire and guide the development of efficient AD drugs in the future.
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Shahnawaz Khan M, Tabrez S, Rehman MT, Alokail MS. Al (III) metal augment thermal aggregation and fibrillation in protein: Role of metal toxicity in neurological diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2221-2226. [PMID: 32874119 PMCID: PMC7451595 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein fibrillation is a leading cause of innumerable neurodegenerative diseases. The exact underlying mechanism associated with the formation of fibrils is yet to be known. Recently, the role of metal ions resulting into fibrillation of proteins has gained attention of the scientific community. In this piece of work, we have investigated the effect of the aluminum (Al) metal ion on the kinetics of aggregation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein under physiological conditions by employing several biophysical and microscopic techniques. Quenching of tryptophan fluorescence was observed along with 9 nm blue shift, demonstrating BSA becomes more hydrophobic during unfolding pathway of thermal denaturation. Moreover, ANS (8-Anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid) binding shows quenching in fluorescence intensity with increasing time of incubation at 65 °C, suggesting unfolding leading to the disruption of hydrophobic patches in BSA. Besides, Thioflavin T intensity indicated a significant acceleration in BSA fibrillation at a ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 of BSA and Al (III) metal ion respectively. In addition, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy study revealed the transition of BSA from α-helical conformation to the β-sheet rich structure. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated significant binding affinity (-1.2 kcal/mol) of Al (III) with BSA involving Phe501, Phe506, Val575, Thr578, Gln579, Leu531 residues. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reaffirm augmentation of thermal-induced BSA fibril formation in the presence of Al (III) metal ions. This study highlights the metal chelating potency as the possible therapeutic target for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King, Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Alokail
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King, Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jabir NR, Shakil S, Tabrez S, Khan MS, Rehman MT, Ahmed BA. In silico screening of glycogen synthase kinase-3β targeted ligands against acetylcholinesterase and its probable relevance to Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:5083-5092. [PMID: 32588759 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1784796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing global health concern that affects 10% of the population aged above 65 years. A growing body of evidence indicates that multi-targeted drugs might be useful therapeutic options owing to the heterogeneity of AD pathology. The current study exploited advanced computational biology tools to identify ligands that might display effective binding to two protein targets in the context of AD. The present study used in silico virtual screening of small molecules library to identify effectiveness against two AD targets viz. acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). PyRX-Python prescription with AutodockVina was used to generate binding energy profiles. Further screening was accomplished using SwissADME and molecular interaction studies. The present study obtained 48 ligands (absolute binding energy >8 kcal/mol), by virtual screening of 100 ligands. Among those, 13 ligands (BRW, 6VK, 6Z5, SMH, X37, 55E, 65 A, IQ6, 6VL, 6VM, F1B, 6Z2 and GVP) were selected based on blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, acceptable ADME properties as well as their molecular interaction profiles with the aforementioned AD-targets. The present study has predicted certain molecules that appear worthy to be tested for effectiveness against two AD targets, namely AChE and GSK-3β. However, the results warrant further wet laboratory validation, as computational studies are merely predictive in nature. This approach might be useful for future treatment of AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Javed M, Ahmad MI, Javed H, Naseem S. D-ribose and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2289-2299. [PMID: 31933261 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that the global prevalence of dementia will rise as high as 24 million and predicted to be double in every 20 years which is attributed to the fact that the ageing population is increasing and so more individuals are at risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Many scientists favored glycation of proteins such as tau, amyloid beta (Aβ) etc. as one of the important risk factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since, D-ribose shows highest glycation ability among other sugars hence, produces advanced glycation end products (AGEs) rapidly. However, there are several other mechanisms suggested by researchers through which D-ribose may cause cognitive impairments. There is a concern related to diabetic patients since they also suffer from D-ribose metabolism, may be more prone to AD risk. Thus, it is imperative that the pathogenesis and the pathways involved in AD progression are explored in the light of ribosylation and AGEs formation for identifying suitable diagnostics marker for early diagnosis or finding promising therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehjbeen Javed
- Aquatic Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Md Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India.,Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Hina Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
| | - Sufia Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India.
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Cassidy L, Fernandez F, Johnson JB, Naiker M, Owoola AG, Broszczak DA. Oxidative stress in alzheimer's disease: A review on emergent natural polyphenolic therapeutics. Complement Ther Med 2019; 49:102294. [PMID: 32147039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to review the literature on Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a focus on polyphenolics as antioxidant therapeutics. DESIGN This review included a search of the literature up to and including September 2019 in PubMed and MEDLINE databases using search terms that included: Alzheimer's Disease, Aβ peptide, tau, oxidative stress, redox, oxidation, therapeutic, antioxidant, natural therapy, polyphenol. Any review articles, case studies, research reports and articles in English were identified and subsequently interrogated. Citations within relevant articles were also examined for consideration in this review. RESULTS Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is clinically characterised by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions and drastic changes in behaviour and personality. Due to the significant presence of oxidative damage associated with abnormal Aβ accumulation and neurofibrillary tangle deposition in AD patients' brains, antioxidant drug therapy has been investigated as potential AD treatment. In particular, naturally occurring compounds, such as plant polyphenols, have been suggested to have potential neuroprotective effects against AD due to their diverse array of physiological actions, which includes potent antioxidant effects. CONCLUSIONS The impact of oxidative stress and various mechanisms of pathogenesis in AD pathophysiology was demonstrated along with the therapeutic potential of emergent antioxidant drugs to address such mechanism of oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Cassidy
- School of Behavioural & Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd, Banyo, QLD, 4014, Australia
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- School of Behavioural & Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd, Banyo, QLD, 4014, Australia.
| | - Joel B Johnson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 630 Ibis Ave, North Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia.
| | - Mani Naiker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 630 Ibis Ave, North Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia.
| | - Akeem G Owoola
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, 4000, QLD, Australia; Tissue Repair & Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Daniel A Broszczak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, 4000, QLD, Australia; Tissue Repair & Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
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Chen L, Xu S, Wu T, Shao Y, Luo L, Zhou L, Ou S, Tang H, Huang W, Guo K, Xu J. Studies on APP metabolism related to age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10242-10251. [PMID: 31744937 PMCID: PMC6914425 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aging brain with mitochondrial dysfunction and a reduced adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been implicated in the onset and progression of β-Amyloid (Aβ)-induced neuronal toxicity in AD. To unravel the function of ATP and the underlying mechanisms on AD development, APP/PS1 double transgenic mice and wild-type (WT) C57 mice at 6 and 10 months of age were studied. We demonstrated a decreased ATP release in the hippocampus and platelet of APP/PS1 mice, comparing to C57 mice at a relatively early age. Levels of Aβ were raised in both hippocampus and platelet of APP/PS1 mice, accompanied by a decrease of α-secretase activity and an increase of β-secretase activity. Moreover, our results presented an age-dependent rise in mitochondrial vulnerability to oxidation in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, we found decreased pSer473-Akt levels, increased GSK3β activity by inhibiting phosphorylation at Ser9 in aged APP/PS1 mice and these dysfunctions probably due to down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3. Therefore, we demonstrate that PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway could be involved in Aβ-associated mitochondrial dysfunction of APP/PS1 mice and APP abnormal metabolism in platelet might provide potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Chen
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicheng Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingqi Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Ou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Traditional Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaihua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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