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Kohli M, Letsch H, Greve C, Béthoux O, Deregnaucourt I, Liu S, Zhou X, Donath A, Mayer C, Podsiadlowski L, Gunkel S, Machida R, Niehuis O, Rust J, Wappler T, Yu X, Misof B, Ware J. Evolutionary history and divergence times of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) revealed through transcriptomics. iScience 2021; 24:103324. [PMID: 34805787 PMCID: PMC8586788 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dragonflies and damselflies are among the earliest flying insects with extant representatives. However, unraveling details of their long evolutionary history, such as egg laying (oviposition) strategies, is impeded by unresolved phylogenetic relationships, particularly in damselflies. Here we present a transcriptome-based phylogenetic reconstruction of Odonata, analyzing 2,980 protein-coding genes in 105 species representing nearly all the order's families. All damselfly and most dragonfly families are recovered as monophyletic. Our data suggest a sister relationship between dragonfly families of Gomphidae and Petaluridae. According to our divergence time estimates, both crown-Zygoptera and -Anisoptera arose during the late Triassic. Egg-laying with a reduced ovipositor apparently evolved in dragonflies during the late Jurassic/early Cretaceous. Lastly, we also test the impact of fossil choice and placement, particularly, of the extinct fossil species, †Triassolestodes asiaticus, and †Proterogomphus renateae on divergence time estimates. We find placement of †Proterogomphus renateae to be much more impactful than †Triassolestodes asiaticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kohli
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harald Letsch
- Department for Animal Biodiversity, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carola Greve
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Olivier Béthoux
- CR2P (Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris), MNHN – CNRS – Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Deregnaucourt
- CR2P (Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris), MNHN – CNRS – Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alexander Donath
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Podsiadlowski
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Gunkel
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ryuichiro Machida
- Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - Oliver Niehuis
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute of Biology I (Zoology), Albert Ludwig University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jes Rust
- Palaeontology Section, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Torsten Wappler
- Palaeontology Section, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bernhard Misof
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Ware
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Wang LJ, Hsu MH, Wang CH, Chung CH, Sung CH. The complete mitochondrial genome of Mnais tenuis Oguma, 1913 (Odonata: Calopterygidae) and its phylogenetic implications. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:1648-1649. [PMID: 34027081 PMCID: PMC8128220 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1926360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We sequenced and assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of Mnais tenuis from Darshi, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. The complete mitogenome of M. tenuis is 15,131 bp long, and contains 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and two rDNA genes. Nucleotide compositions of the mitogenome of the M. tenuis are A: 40.08%, T: 25.47%, C: 20.38%, and G: 14.07%. The AT and GC skewness of the mitogenome sequence was 0.2228 and −0.183, showing the A-skew and C-skew. The clade including M. tenuis and all the other Odonata species received absolute support (100%). The phylogenetic position of Anisozygoptera is sister to Anisoptera. Mnais is phylogenetically close to Psolodesmus. Mitogenomic data from this study will provide useful information for further studies for the population genetics, speciation and conservation of M. tenuis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jong Wang
- Division of Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hao Hsu
- Division of Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hsien Wang
- Division of Watershed Management, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Chung
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resource, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Sung
- Planning and Information Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Climate change affects organisms worldwide with profound ecological and evolutionary consequences, often increasing population extinction risk. Climatic factors can increase the strength, variability, or direction of natural selection on phenotypic traits, potentially driving adaptive evolution. Phenotypic plasticity in relation to temperature can allow organisms to maintain fitness in response to increasing temperatures, thereby "buying time" for subsequent genetic adaptation and promoting evolutionary rescue. Although many studies have shown that organisms respond plastically to increasing temperatures, it is unclear if such thermal plasticity is adaptive. Moreover, we know little about how natural and sexual selection operate on thermal reaction norms, reflecting such plasticity. Here, we investigate how natural and sexual selection shape phenotypic plasticity in two congeneric and phenotypically similar sympatric insect species. We show that the thermal optima for longevity and mating success differ, suggesting temperature-dependent trade-offs between survival and reproduction in both sexes. Males in these species have similar thermal reaction norm slopes but have diverged in baseline body temperature (intercepts), being higher for the more northern species. Natural selection favored reduced thermal reaction norm slopes at high ambient temperatures, suggesting that the current level of thermal plasticity is maladaptive in the context of anthropogenic climate change and that selection now promotes thermal canalization and robustness. Our results show that ectothermic animals also at high latitudes can suffer from overheating and challenge the common view of phenotypic plasticity as being beneficial in harsh and novel environments.
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Islam SU, Arif M, Lin W, Islam W, Qasim M, Ali H, Ali H, Khan KA, Ghramh HA, Du Z, Wu Z. Molecular identification of seven new Zygopteran genera from South China through partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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5
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Pena-Firme P, Guillermo-Ferreira R. Females of the red damselfly Mnesarete pudica are attracted to more ornamented males and attract rival males. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14320. [PMID: 32868843 PMCID: PMC7458925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Male calopterygid damselflies often exhibit colourful wings used during aggressive contests and courtship displays. Evidence suggests that male wing coloration is a secondary sexual character assessed by males and females to identify male quality. In some species, males adopt a lekking strategy, where females visit exhibition arenas and choose the best mate. Here, we addressed whether the behaviour of Mnesarete pudica males is influenced by female visitation when gathering in leks. We hypothesized that female visitation would increase male investment in courtship and fighting, while reducing patrolling flights and harassment attempts. Moreover, we tested the hypothesis that more ornamented males attract more females to the territory, following the hotshot model of lek evolution. Our results suggest that, indeed, males with more pigmented wings attract more visiting females, independently of male size. Our results also show that the number of females in a territory attracts more males and elicits male contest behaviour, reducing male harassment. We conclude that male ornament and male clustering is a good predictor of female visitation rates, suggesting that females may exert mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Pena-Firme
- LESTES Lab, Hydrobiology Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vega-Sánchez YM, Mendoza-Cuenca LF, González-Rodríguez A. Complex evolutionary history of the American Rubyspot damselfly, Hetaerina americana (Odonata): Evidence of cryptic speciation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106536. [PMID: 31212083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing the magnitude and distribution of genetic variation within and among populations allows for hypothesis testing about historical demographic size changes, secondary contacts, refugia, and speciation patterns. Species distribution and genetic structure are greatly influenced by the complex life cycle and behavior of odonates. Hetaerina americana has been widely used as a model system in behavioral studies, but its population genetic structure has not been analyzed, except for a single study that included only three populations but identified the presence of markedly differentiated genetic groups, suggesting the existence of cryptic species. Here, we tested this hypothesis by assessing throughout the distribution range of H. americana the patterns of genetic and morphological variation in the male caudal appendages, due to the great importance of these structures in mate recognition. As molecular markers we used sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, as well as six nuclear microsatellites. We found very high population genetic differentiation (ΦST > 0.51) in the three sets of markers but with strong mitonuclear discordance. A neutrality test suggested that the mitochondrial genome might be under purifying selection in association to climatic variables (temperature seasonality). The assignment of individuals to nuclear genetic groups showed little admixture and complete congruence with morphological differentiation in the male caudal appendages. Hence, the results suggest that H. americana represents at least two different cryptic species which are isolated reproductively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Margarita Vega-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro #8701, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, Mexico.
| | - Luis Felipe Mendoza-Cuenca
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. Francisco J. Múgica, Morelia, Michoacán 58030. Mexico
| | - Antonio González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro #8701, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, Mexico.
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7
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Wang LJ, Lin MY, Shiao SF, Sung CH. The complete mitochondrial genome of Psolodesmus mandarinus McLachlan, 1870 (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1544045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jong Wang
- Division of Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ying Lin
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Shiuh-Feng Shiao
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Sung
- Planning and Information Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung, Taiwan
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8
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Arrowsmith J, Shivaprakash KN, Larrivée M, Turgeon J, Lessard J. Environmental filtering along a broad‐scale acidity gradient shapes the structure of odonate communities. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Arrowsmith
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | | | - Maxim Larrivée
- Insectarium Montreal Space for Life Montreal Québec H1X 2B2 Canada
| | - Julie Turgeon
- Department of Biology Laval University Québec City Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
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Xue J, Zhang H, Ning X, Bu W, Yu X. Evolutionary history of a beautiful damselfly, Matrona basilaris, revealed by phylogeographic analyses: the first study of an odonate species in mainland China. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 122:570-581. [PMID: 30356221 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrona basilaris Selys, 1853 is a damselfly distributed mainly in mainland China. A total of 423 individuals from 48 populations covering almost the entire range were sampled to explore the genetic diversity, phylogeographic structure, and demographic dynamics of the species using sequences of three mitochondrial genes (COI, COII, and ND1) and a nuclear (ITS1 + 5.8 S + ITS2) gene. Phylogenetic tree, median-joining network, and BAPS analyses indicated a four-group division of the entire population, and the divergence event was estimated to have occurred in the middle Pleistocene. The diverse terrain of mainland China as well as past climatic oscillations were assumed to have shaped the current phylogeographic pattern of M. basilaris. Multiple lines of evidence supported population expansion in Group 1 and Group 2 but not in Group 3 or Group 4. The expansion times corresponded to the transition phase from the LIG (∼0.14-0.12 Mya) to the LGM (∼0.021-0.018 Mya). The pre-LGM expansion model reflected a different pattern affecting the historical dynamics of the population of East Asian species caused by Pleistocene climatic changes. Interestingly, Group 2 exhibited a disjunctive distribution pattern. The possible reasons were introgression caused by female-biased dispersal or human phoresy during construction of the Forbidden City during the Ming Dynasty of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Xue
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haiguang Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Ning
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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10
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Xu S, Guan Z, Huang Q, Xu L, Vierstraete A, Dumont HJ, Lin Q. The mitochondrial genome of Atrocalopteryx melli Ris, 1912 (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae) via Ion Torrent PGM NGS sequencing. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:115-117. [PMID: 33474087 PMCID: PMC7800031 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1413307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome of Atrocalopteryx melli was sequenced and assembled via Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and iteratively assembly process with a reference seed. This genome is 15,562 bp long and A + T biased (71%), with 37 genes arranged in common order of Odonata. All protein-coding genes are initiated by typical "ATN" codon, and 9 genes are terminated with a complete stop codon, except nad4, nad5, cox2, and cox3, which are terminated with an incomplete codon "T(aa)". The S5 intergenic spacer is absent in this genome, supporting that lacking of S5 as a specific character for damselflies. The A + T rich region of A. melli is 267 bp longer than that of A. atrata. This mitogenome provides new molecular information for understanding of A. melli and Atrocalopteryx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoying Guan
- School of Applied Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Henri J. Dumont
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biology, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Qiuqi Lin
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Svensson EI, Nordén A, Waller JT, Runemark A. Linking intra- and interspecific assortative mating: Consequences for asymmetric sexual isolation. Evolution 2016; 70:1165-79. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Anna Nordén
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - John T. Waller
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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12
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A revised classification of the genusMatrona Selys, 1853 using molecular and morphological methods (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wellenreuther M, Sánchez-Guillén RA. Nonadaptive radiation in damselflies. Evol Appl 2015; 9:103-18. [PMID: 27087842 PMCID: PMC4780385 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiations have long served as living libraries to study the build‐up of species richness; however, they do not provide good models for radiations that exhibit negligible adaptive disparity. Here, we review work on damselflies to argue that nonadaptive mechanisms were predominant in the radiation of this group and have driven species divergence through sexual selection arising from male–female mating interactions. Three damselfly genera (Calopteryx,Enallagma and Ischnura) are highlighted and the extent of (i) adaptive ecological divergence in niche use and (ii) nonadaptive differentiation in characters associated with reproduction (e.g. sexual morphology and behaviours) was evaluated. We demonstrate that species diversification in the genus Calopteryx is caused by nonadaptive divergence in coloration and behaviour affecting premating isolation, and structural differentiation in reproductive morphology affecting postmating isolation. Similarly, the vast majority of diversification events in the sister genera Enallagma and Ischnura are entirely driven by differentiation in genital structures used in species recognition. The finding that closely related species can show negligible ecological differences yet are completely reproductively isolated suggests that the evolution of reproductive isolation can be uncoupled from niche‐based divergent natural selection, challenging traditional niche models of species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Wellenreuther
- Evolutionary Ecology, Biology Department Lund University Lund Sweden; Plant and Food Research Limited Nelson New Zealand
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14
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Svensson EI, Waller JT. Ecology and Sexual Selection: Evolution of Wing Pigmentation in Calopterygid Damselflies in Relation to Latitude, Sexual Dimorphism, and Speciation. Am Nat 2013; 182:E174-95. [DOI: 10.1086/673206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Outomuro D, Adams DC, Johansson F. Wing shape allometry and aerodynamics in calopterygid damselflies: a comparative approach. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:118. [PMID: 23742224 PMCID: PMC3699362 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wing size and shape have important aerodynamic implications on flight performance. We explored how wing size was related to wing shape in territorial males of 37 taxa of the damselfly family Calopterygidae. Wing coloration was also included in the analyses because it is sexually and naturally selected and has been shown to be related to wing shape. We studied wing shape using both the non-dimensional radius of the second moment of wing area (RSM) and geometric morphometrics. Lower values of the RSM result in less energetically demanding flight and wider ranges of flight speed. We also re-analyzed previously published data on other damselflies and dragonflies. RESULTS The RSM showed a hump-shaped relationship with wing size. However, after correcting for phylogeny using independent contrast, this pattern changed to a negative linear relationship. The basal genus of the study family, Hetaerina, was mainly driving that change. The obtained patterns were specific for the study family and differed from other damselflies and dragonflies. The relationship between the RSM and wing shape measured by geometric morphometrics was linear, but relatively small changes along the RSM axis can result in large changes in wing shape. Our results also showed that wing coloration may have some effect on RSM. CONCLUSIONS We found that RSM showed a complex relationship with size in calopterygid damselflies, probably as a result of other selection pressures besides wing size per se. Wing coloration and specific behavior (e.g. courtship) are potential candidates for explaining the complexity. Univariate measures of wing shape such as RSM are more intuitive but lack the high resolution of other multivariate techniques such as geometric morphometrics. We suggest that the relationship between wing shape and size are taxa-specific and differ among closely-related insect groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Outomuro
- Population and Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dean C Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 241 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Frank Johansson
- Population and Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Nixon MR, Orr AG, Vukusic P. Subtle design changes control the difference in colour reflection from the dorsal and ventral wing-membrane surfaces of the damselfly Matronoides cyaneipennis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:1479-1488. [PMID: 23389130 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.001479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The hind wings of males of the damselfly Matronoides cyaneipennis exhibit iridescence that is blue dorsally and green ventrally. These structures are used semiotically in agonistic and courtship display. Transmission electron microscopy reveals these colours are due to two near-identical 5-layer distributed Bragg reflectors, one placed either side of the wing membrane. Interestingly the thicknesses of corresponding layers in each distributed Bragg reflector are very similar for all but the second layer from each outer surface. This one key difference creates the significant disparity between the reflected spectra from the distributed Bragg reflectors and the observed colours of either side of the wing. Modelling indicates that modifications to the thickness of this layer alone create a greater change in the peak reflected wavelength than is observed for similar modifications to the thickness of any other layer. This results in an optimised and highly effective pair of semiotic reflector systems, based on extremely comparable design parameters, with relatively low material and biomechanical costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Nixon
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
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17
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Keränen I, Kahilainen A, Knott KE, Kotiaho JS, Kuitunen K. High maternal species density mediates unidirectional heterospecific matings inCalopteryxdamselflies. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inka Keränen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Aapo Kahilainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - K. Emily Knott
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Janne S. Kotiaho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
- Natural History Museum; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Katja Kuitunen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
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19
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Wellenreuther M, Larson KW, Svensson EI. Climatic niche divergence or conservatism? Environmental niches and range limits in ecologically similar damselflies. Ecology 2012; 93:1353-66. [PMID: 22834376 DOI: 10.1890/11-1181.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Wellenreuther
- MEMEG, Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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20
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Non-ecological speciation, niche conservatism and thermal adaptation: how are they connected? ORG DIVERS EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-012-0082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Phylogeny, classification and taxonomy of European dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata): a review. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-012-0080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Damm S, Schierwater B, Hadrys H. An integrative approach to species discovery in odonates: from character-based DNA barcoding to ecology. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:3881-93. [PMID: 20701681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Modern taxonomy requires an analytical approach incorporating all lines of evidence into decision-making. Such an approach can enhance both species identification and species discovery. The character-based DNA barcode method provides a molecular data set that can be incorporated into classical taxonomic data such that the discovery of new species can be made in an analytical framework that includes multiple sources of data. We here illustrate such a corroborative framework in a dragonfly model system that permits the discovery of two new, but visually cryptic species. In the African dragonfly genus Trithemis three distinct genetic clusters can be detected which could not be identified by using classical taxonomic characters. In order to test the hypothesis of two new species, DNA-barcodes from different sequence markers (ND1 and COI) were combined with morphological, ecological and biogeographic data sets. Phylogenetic analyses and incorporation of all data sets into a scheme called taxonomic circle highly supports the hypothesis of two new species. Our case study suggests an analytical approach to modern taxonomy that integrates data sets from different disciplines, thereby increasing the ease and reliability of both species discovery and species assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Damm
- ITZ, Ecology & Evolution, TiHo Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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24
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Outomuro D, Torralba-Burrial A, Ocharan FJ. Distribution of the Iberian Calopteryx damselflies and its relation with bioclimatic belts: evolutionary and biogeographic implications. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2010; 10:61. [PMID: 20672976 PMCID: PMC3014802 DOI: 10.1673/031.010.6101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using bioclimatic belts as habitat and distribution predictors, the present study examines the implications of the potential distributions of the three Iberian damselflies, Calopteryx Leach (Odonata: Calopterygidae), with the aim of investigating the possible consequences in specific interactions among the species from a sexual selection perspective and of discussing biogeographical patterns. To obtain the known distributions, the literature on this genus was reviewed, relating the resulting distributions to bioclimatic belts. Specific patterns related to bioclimatic belts were clearly observed in the Mediterranean region. The potential distribution maps and relative frequencies might involve latitudinal differences in relative abundances, C. virgo meridionalis Sélys being the most abundant species in the Eurosiberian region, C. xanthostoma (Charpentier) in the northern half of the Mediterranean region and C. haemorrhoidalis (Vander Linden) in the rest of this region. These differences might explain some previously described latitudinal differences in secondary sexual traits in the three species. Changes in relative abundances may modulate interactions among these species in terms of sexual selection and may produce sexual character displacement in this genus. C. virgo meridionalis distribution and ecological requirements explain its paleobiogeography as a species which took refuge in Iberia during the Würm glaciation. Finally, possible consequences in species distributions and interactions are discussed within a global climate change context.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Outomuro
- Departamento de Biologia de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, E-33071, Spain
| | - Antonio Torralba-Burrial
- Departamento de Biologia de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, E-33071, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Ocharan
- Departamento de Biologia de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, E-33071, Spain
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Wellenreuther M, Tynkkynen K, Svensson EI. SIMULATING RANGE EXPANSION: MALE SPECIES RECOGNITION AND LOSS OF PREMATING ISOLATION IN DAMSELFLIES. Evolution 2010; 64:242-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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CÓRDOBA-AGUILAR ALEX. Seasonal variation in genital and body size, sperm displacement ability, female mating rate, and male harassment in two calopterygid damselflies (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Eroukhmanoff F, Outomuro D, Ocharan FJ, Svensson EI. Patterns of Phenotypic Divergence in Wing Covariance Structure of Calopterygid Damselflies. Evol Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-009-9057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Clark JR, Ree RH, Alfaro ME, King MG, Wagner WL, Roalson EH. A comparative study in ancestral range reconstruction methods: retracing the uncertain histories of insular lineages. Syst Biol 2008; 57:693-707. [PMID: 18853357 DOI: 10.1080/10635150802426473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Island systems have long been useful models for understanding lineage diversification in a geographic context, especially pertaining to the importance of dispersal in the origin of new clades. Here we use a well-resolved phylogeny of the flowering plant genus Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the Pacific Islands to compare four methods of inferring ancestral geographic ranges in islands: two developed for character-state reconstruction that allow only single-island ranges and do not explicitly associate speciation with range evolution (Fitch parsimony [FP; parsimony-based] and stochastic mapping [SM; likelihood-based]) and two methods developed specifically for ancestral range reconstruction, in which widespread ranges (spanning islands) are integral to inferences about speciation scenarios (dispersal-vicariance analysis [DIVA; parsimony-based] and dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis [DEC; likelihood-based]). The methods yield conflicting results, which we interpret in light of their respective assumptions. FP exhibits the least power to unequivocally reconstruct ranges, likely due to a combination of having flat (uninformative) transition costs and not using branch length information. SM reconstructions generally agree with a prior hypothesis about dispersal-driven speciation across the Pacific, despite the conceptual mismatch between its character-based model and this mode of range evolution. In contrast with narrow extant ranges for species of Cyrtandra, DIVA reconstructs broad ancestral ranges at many nodes. DIVA results also conflict with geological information on island ages; we attribute these conflicts to the parsimony criterion not considering branch lengths or time, as well as vicariance being the sole means of divergence for widespread ancestors. DEC analyses incorporated geological information on island ages and allowed prior hypotheses about range size and dispersal rates to be evaluated in a likelihood framework and gave more nuanced inferences about range evolution and the geography of speciation than other methods tested. However, ancestral ranges at several nodes could not be conclusively resolved, due possibly to uncertainty in the phylogeny or the relative complexity of the underlying model. Of the methods tested, SM and DEC both converge on plausible hypotheses for area range histories in Cyrtandra, due in part to the consideration of branch lengths and/or timing of events. We suggest that DEC model-based methods for ancestral range inference could be improved by adopting a Bayesian SM approach, in which stochastic sampling of complete geographic histories could be integrated over alternative phylogenetic topologies. Likelihood-based estimates of ancestral ranges for Cyrtandra suggest a major dispersal route into the Pacific through the islands of Fiji and Samoa, motivating future biogeographic investigation of this poorly known region.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, Washington, USA.
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29
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Serrano-Meneses MA, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Azpilicueta-Amorín M, González-Soriano E, Székely T. Sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism and Rensch’s rule in Odonata. J Evol Biol 2008; 21:1259-73. [PMID: 18636976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Bybee SM, Ogden TH, Branham MA, Whiting MF. Molecules, morphology and fossils: a comprehensive approach to odonate phylogeny and the evolution of the odonate wing. Cladistics 2008; 24:477-514. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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31
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Kölsch G, Pedersen BV. Molecular phylogeny of reed beetles (Col., Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae): the signature of ecological specialization and geographical isolation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 48:936-52. [PMID: 18672382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Donaciinae consist of approximately 165 species predominantly occurring in the northern hemisphere. We analysed mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (COI, EF-1alpha) of 46 species to investigate their phylogeny and to discuss general topics in the context of insect herbivory (generalists versus specialists, ecological speciation). Phylogenetic reconstructions from various methodical approaches yielded very similar results. Clades corresponding to the traditional tribes/genera were recovered. Within the genus Donacia, species groups with characteristic host plant preference were identified. Estimated divergence times are discussed on the background of geological events. The origin of the Donaciinae is dated to 75-100 million years before present, after which they quickly diversified into the main groups. An initial split of those groups occurred in the Palaeocene. In the Eocene and Oligocene, major lineages specialized on certain host plants, where they radiated in the Miocene. This radiation was enforced by geographic isolation brought about by the final separation of America and Europe, after which there arose continental lineages within three larger species groups. In their evolution based on ecological specialization with a recently superimposed geographic isolation, the Donaciinae follow a pattern of specialists arising from generalists. Host plant shifts show that such a specialization is not necessarily an 'evolutionary dead-end'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kölsch
- University of Hamburg, Zoological Institute, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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32
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EROUKHMANOFF F, SVENSSON EI. Phenotypic integration and conserved covariance structure in calopterygid damselflies. J Evol Biol 2008; 21:514-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Nieto Feliner G, Rosselló JA. Better the devil you know? Guidelines for insightful utilization of nrDNA ITS in species-level evolutionary studies in plants. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 44:911-9. [PMID: 17383902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 12/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal 18S-5.8S-26S cistron continue to be the most popular non-plastid region for species-level phylogenetic studies of plant groups despite the early warnings about their potential flaws, which may ultimately result in incorrect assumptions of orthology. It has been gradually realized that the alternative target regions in the nuclear genome (low-copy nuclear genes, LCNG) are burdened with similar problems. The consequence is that, to date, developing useful LCNG for non-model organisms requires an investment in time and effort that hinders its use as a real practical alternative for many labs. It is here argued that ITS sequences, despite drawbacks, can still produce insightful results in species-level phylogenetic studies or when non-anonymous nuclear markers are required, provided that a thoughtful use of them is made. To facilitate this, two series of guidelines are proposed. One helps to circumvent problems of ITS amplification from the target organism, including spurious results from contaminants, paralogs and pseudogenes, as well as detection of sequencing artifacts. The other series helps to find out causes for unresolved clades in phylogenetic reconstruction, to integrate gene phylogenies, to distinguish horizontal transfer from lineage sorting, and to reveal if ITS phylogeny is not a good estimate of organism phylogeny.
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34
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Mullen SP, Andrés JA. Rapid evolution of sexual signals in sympatric Calopteryx damselflies: reinforcement or ?noisy-neighbour? ecological character displacement? J Evol Biol 2007; 20:1637-48. [PMID: 17584256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced prezygotic isolation in sympatry is one of the most intriguing patterns in evolutionary biology and has frequently been interpreted as evidence for reinforcement. However, the frequency with which reinforcement actually completes speciation remains unclear. The Jewelwing damselflies (Calopteryx aequabilis and C. maculata) have served as one of the few classic examples of speciation via reinforcement outside of Drosophila. Although evidence for wing pattern displacement and increased mate discrimination in this system have been demonstrated, the degree of hybridization and gene flow in nature are unknown. Here, we show that sympatric populations of these two species are the result of recent secondary contact, as predicted under a model of speciation via reinforcement. However, we found no phenotypic evidence of hybridization in natural populations and a complete association between species-specific haplotypes at two different loci (mitochondrial CO I and nuclear EF1-alpha), suggesting little or no contemporary gene flow. Moreover, genealogical and coalescent-based estimates of divergence times and migration rates indicate that, speciation occurred in the distant past. The rapid evolution of wing colour in sympatry is recent, therefore, relative to speciation and seems to be better explained by selection against wasting mating effort and/or interspecific aggression resulting from a 'noisy neighbour' signalling environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Mullen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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35
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Contreras-Garduño J, Lanz-Mendoza H, Córdoba-Aguilar A. The expression of a sexually selected trait correlates with different immune defense components and survival in males of the American rubyspot. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 53:612-21. [PMID: 17451742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that courtship trait expression indicates immune strength. However, most studies have measured only one immune parameter, have not assessed individual differences in immune ability according to time and have not controlled for ecological differences among individuals after an immune challenge. In this work, we tested this hypothesis and controlled for these factors using males of the American rubyspot damselfly which bear a wing red spot whose size is evolutionarily maintained via male-male territorial competition. Our general hypothesis was that territorial, large-spotted males, had a better immune ability compared to nonterritorial, small-spotted males. We expected that the following variables were greater in territorial males compared to nonterritorial males: spot size, phenoloxidase (PO) and hydrolytic enzymatic (HE) activity in males challenged and nonchallenged with a nylon implant, PO and HE activity rate; PO activity after a Serratia marcescens challenge, and survival after a nylon challenge controlling for activity and feeding differences. We found that territorial males showed larger spot areas, greater PO and HE activity (independently of whether they were challenged or not), a higher rate of PO and HE activity (but only expressed at 8h), greater PO production after the bacterial challenge, and a higher survival after the challenge. These results corroborate that males with more pronounced sexual traits have a superior immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Contreras-Garduño
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
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36
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Hendrixson BE, Bond JE. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of an ancient Holarctic lineage of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae: Antrodiaetidae: Antrodiaetus). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 42:738-55. [PMID: 17101284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The mygalomorph spider genera Antrodiaetus and Atypoides (Antrodiaetidae) belong to an ancient lineage that has persisted since at least the Cretaceous. These spiders display a classic disjunct Holarctic distribution with species in the eastern Palaearctic plus the western and eastern Nearctic. Prior phylogenetic analyses of this group have been proposed on the basis of morphology, but lack strong support and independent corroboration. Here we present the first phylogenetic analysis of species-level relationships based on molecular data obtained from the mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S and 28S rRNA) genomes. Analyses corroborate earlier findings that Atypoides forms a paraphyletic grade with respect to Antrodiaetus, and consequently, that genus is formally synonymized under Antrodiaetus. In addition, our results support the relatively early divergence of Antrodiaetus roretzi. Antrodiaetus pacificus is "paraphyletic" with respect to the A. lincolnianus group and is likely an assemblage of numerous species. The final topology based on a combined molecular dataset, in conjunction with two different molecular dating techniques (penalized likelihood plus a Bayesian approach) and ancestral distribution reconstructions, was used to infer the historical biogeography of these spiders. Trans-Beringian and trans-Atlantic routes appear to account for the present-day distribution of Antrodiaetus in Japan and North America. Future studies on Antrodiaetus phylogeny will be used to address questions regarding morphological stasis and the evolution of quantitative morphological characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent E Hendrixson
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Howell Science Complex N211, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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37
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Jansen G, Devaere S, Weekers PHH, Adriaens D. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence time estimate of African anguilliform catfish (Siluriformes: Clariidae) inferred from ribosomal gene and spacer sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 38:65-78. [PMID: 16290035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The catfish family Clariidae comprises species in which the body shape ranges from fusiform to anguilliform. Recent studies have shown that this body elongation is the result of convergent evolution. This paper aims to study the evolution towards anguilliformity in a phylogenetic framework. Sequences of 29 taxa were analyzed using the neighbor-joining, maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony, and Bayesian inference algorithms and the parsimony algorithm in POY. The study yields phylogenetic hypotheses showing well-supported clades. Anguilliformity appears to have arisen at least four times, each time having a sister group relation with a fusiform Clarias-like ancestor. Divergence time estimation indicates that the African Clariidae started radiating between 123 and 56 My ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jansen
- Ghent University, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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