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Morris ZS, Colbert MW, Rowe TB. Variation and Variability in Skeletal Ossification of the Gray Short-tailed Opossum, Monodelphis domestica. Integr Org Biol 2024; 6:obae024. [PMID: 39114377 PMCID: PMC11305135 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
By reconstructing and comparing the sequence of ontogenetic (embryonic development and post-natal growth) events across species, developmental biologists have gained unique insights into the key processes underlying the evolution of modern lineages and their extinct relatives. However, despite the importance of intraspecific variation to evolutionary transformation and lineage divergence, variation in the sequence of developmental events is seldom acknowledged. Thus, how much variation or variability should be expected during ontogeny remains poorly understood and it is an open question to what extent it impacts interspecific comparisons of developmental patterns. To address this crucial question, we studied the skeletal development of the important biomedical and developmental model organism, Monodelphis domestica. We investigated cranial, forelimb, and hindlimb elements using ontogenetic sequence analysis (OSA) to quantify and assess the full range of variation and variability in the sequence of ossification. Our study documented that previously unrecognized variation exists during M. domestica ontogeny-with over 5000 sequences for the full 92 event analysis. Further, OSA revealed unexpectedly high variability (i.e., the propensity to express variation) in the sequence of ossification for the skull and across the entire skeleton. Reconstructed modal sequences were generally in agreement with previously recognized patterns, including earlier ossification of the facial skeleton and a slight offset between forelimb and hindlimb development. However, the full range of variation shows that the majority of specimens in our analysis followed developmental trajectories distinct from those recovered by prior studies. This level of variation is quite remarkable and demonstrates the importance of assessing intraspecific ontogenetic variation. By quantifying sequence polymorphism and studying how developmental variation and variability differ among species, we can clarify more precisely how developmental patterns differ among species and gain insights into how ontogeny itself evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Morris
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - M W Colbert
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- University of Texas High‐Resolution X‐Ray CT Facility, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - T B Rowe
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- University of Texas High‐Resolution X‐Ray CT Facility, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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2
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Sarasa JL, Okamoto AS, Wright MA, Pierce SE, Capellini TD. Lions & sea lions & bears, oh my: utilizing museum specimens to study the ossification sequence of carnivoran taxa. BMC ZOOL 2024; 9:10. [PMID: 38685130 PMCID: PMC11057098 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-024-00201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian skeletons are largely formed before birth. Heterochronic changes in skeletal formation can be investigated by comparing the order of ossification for different elements of the skeleton. Due to the challenge of collecting prenatal specimens in viviparous taxa, opportunistically collected museum specimens provide the best material for studying prenatal skeletal development across many mammalian species. Previous studies have investigated ossification sequence in a range of mammalian species, but little is known about the pattern of bone formation in Carnivora. Carnivorans have diverse ecologies, diets, and biomechanical specializations and are well-suited for investigating questions in evolutionary biology. Currently, developmental data on carnivorans is largely limited to domesticated species. To expand available data on carnivoran skeletal development, we used micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to non-invasively evaluate the degree of ossification in all prenatal carnivoran specimens housed in the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. By coding the presence or absence of bones in each specimen, we constructed ossification sequences for each species. Parsimov-based genetic inference (PGi) was then used to identify heterochronic shifts between carnivoran lineages and reconstruct the ancestral ossification sequence of Carnivora. RESULTS We used micro-CT to study prenatal ossification sequence in six carnivora species: Eumetopias jubatus (Steller sea lion, n = 6), Herpestes javanicus (small Indian mongoose, n = 1), Panthera leo (lion, n = 1), Urocyon cinereoargenteus (gray fox, n = 1), Ursus arctos arctos (Eurasian brown bear, n = 1), and Viverricula indica (small Indian civet, n = 5). Due to the relatively later stage of collection for the available specimens, few heterochronic shifts were identified. Ossification sequences of feliform species showed complete agreement with the domestic cat. In caniforms, the bear and fox ossification sequences largely matched the dog, but numerous heterochronic shifts were identified in the sea lion. CONCLUSIONS We use museum specimens to generate cranial and postcranial micro-CT data on six species split between the two major carnivoran clades: Caniformia and Feliformia. Our data suggest that the ossification sequence of domestic dogs and cats are likely good models for terrestrial caniforms and feliforms, respectively, but not pinnipeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Sarasa
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark A Wright
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie E Pierce
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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4
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Dobreva MP, Camacho J, Abzhanov A. Time to synchronize our clocks: Connecting developmental mechanisms and evolutionary consequences of heterochrony. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2022; 338:87-106. [PMID: 34826199 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterochrony, defined as a change in the timing of developmental events altering the course of evolution, was first recognized by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. Haeckel's original definition was meant to explain the observed parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny, but the interpretation of his work became a source of controversy over time. Heterochrony took its modern meaning following the now classical work in the 1970-80s by Steven J. Gould, Pere Alberch, and co-workers. Predicted and described heterochronic scenarios emphasize the many ways in which developmental changes can influence evolution. However, while important examples of heterochrony detected with comparative morphological methods have multiplied, the more mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon lagged conspicuously behind. Considering the rapid progress in imaging and molecular tools available now for developmental biologists, this review aims to stress the need to take heterochrony research to the next level. It is time to synchronize the different levels of heterochrony research into a single analysis flow: from studies on organismal-level morphology to cells to molecules and genes, using complementary techniques. To illustrate how to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of phyletic morphological diversification associated with heterochrony, we discuss several recent case studies at various phylogenetic scales that combine morphological, cellular, and molecular analyses. Such a synergistic approach offers to more fully integrate phylogenetic and ontogenetic dimensions of the fascinating evolutionary phenomenon of heterochrony.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmin Camacho
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Arkhat Abzhanov
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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5
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Cook LE, Newton AH, Hipsley CA, Pask AJ. Postnatal development in a marsupial model, the fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata; Dasyuromorphia: Dasyuridae). Commun Biol 2021; 4:1028. [PMID: 34475507 PMCID: PMC8413461 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marsupials exhibit unique biological features that provide fascinating insights into many aspects of mammalian development. These include their distinctive mode of reproduction, altricial stage at birth, and the associated heterochrony that is required for their crawl to the pouch and teat attachment. Marsupials are also an invaluable resource for mammalian comparative biology, forming a distinct lineage from the extant placental and egg-laying monotreme mammals. Despite their unique biology, marsupial resources are lagging behind those available for placentals. The fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a laboratory based marsupial model, with simple and robust husbandry requirements and a short reproductive cycle making it amenable to experimental manipulations. Here we present a detailed staging series for the fat-tailed dunnart, focusing on their accelerated development of the forelimbs and jaws. This study provides the first skeletal developmental series on S. crassicaudata and provides a fundamental resource for future studies exploring mammalian diversification, development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Cook
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Axel H Newton
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christy A Hipsley
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sciences, Museums Victoria, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pask
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Sciences, Museums Victoria, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
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6
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Nojiri T, Tu VT, Sohn JH, Koyabu D. On the sequence heterochrony of cranial ossification of bats in light of Haeckel's recapitulation theory. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 338:137-148. [PMID: 33773030 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Haeckel's recapitulation theory has been a controversial topic in evolutionary biology. However, we have seen some recent cases applying Haeckel's view to interpret the interspecific variation of prenatal ontogeny. To revisit the validity of Haeckel's recapitulation theory, we take bats that have undergone drastic morphological changes and possess a characteristic ecology as a case study. All members of Rhinolophoidea and Yangochiroptera can generate an ultrasonic pulse from the larynx to interpret surrounding objects (laryngeal echolocation) whereas Pteropodidae lacks such ability. It is known that the petrosal bone is particularly derived in shape and expanded in laryngeal echolocators. If Haeckel's recapitulation theory holds, the formation of this derived trait should occur later than those of other bones. Therefore, we compared the prenatal ossification timing of the petrosal in 15 bat species and five outgroup species. We found that the ossification of the petrosal is accelerated in laryngeal echolocators while it is the last bone to ossify in non-laryngeal echolocating bats and non-volant mammals, which runs counter to the prediction generated by Haeckel's recapitulation theory. We point out the evolutionarily labile nature of trait developmental timing and emphasize that Haeckel's recapitulation theory does not hold in many cases. We caution that generating predictions on ancestral conditions and evolutionary history leading from Haeckel's recapitulation theory is not well supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joon Hyuk Sohn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tokyo, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Nojiri T, Wilson LAB, López-Aguirre C, Tu VT, Kuratani S, Ito K, Higashiyama H, Son NT, Fukui D, Sadier A, Sears KE, Endo H, Kamihori S, Koyabu D. Embryonic evidence uncovers convergent origins of laryngeal echolocation in bats. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1353-1365.e3. [PMID: 33675700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bats are the second-most speciose group of mammals, comprising 20% of species diversity today. Their global explosion, representing one of the greatest adaptive radiations in mammalian history, is largely attributed to their ability of laryngeal echolocation and powered flight, which enabled them to conquer the night sky, a vast and hitherto unoccupied ecological niche. While there is consensus that powered flight evolved only once in the lineage, whether laryngeal echolocation has a single origin in bats or evolved multiple times independently remains disputed. Here, we present developmental evidence in support of laryngeal echolocation having multiple origins in bats. This is consistent with a non-echolocating bat ancestor and independent gain of echolocation in Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, as well as the gain of primitive echolocation in the bat ancestor, followed by convergent evolution of laryngeal echolocation in Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, with loss of primitive echolocation in pteropodids. Our comparative embryological investigations found that there is no developmental difference in the hearing apparatus between non-laryngeal echolocating bats (pteropodids) and terrestrial non-bat mammals. In contrast, the echolocation system is developed heterotopically and heterochronically in the two phylogenetically distant laryngeal echolocating bats (rhinolophoids and yangochiropterans), providing the first embryological evidence that the echolocation system evolved independently in these bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Laura A B Wilson
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Camilo López-Aguirre
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kai Ito
- Department of Anatomy, Tissue and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higashiyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 9-61, Yamabe-Higashimachi, Furano, Hokkaido 079-1563, Japan
| | - Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 957246, USA
| | - Karen E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 957246, USA
| | - Hideki Endo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamihori
- Aioi City Board of Education, 3-18-7 Asahi, Aioi 679-0031, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan; Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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8
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Conway KW, Kubicek K, Britz R. Extreme evolutionary shifts in developmental timing establish the miniature
Danionella
as a novel model in the neurosciences. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:601-611. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Conway
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Kole Kubicek
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Ralf Britz
- Sektionsleiter Ichthyologie Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde Dresden Germany
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9
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Quagio-Grassiotto I, Baicere-Silva CM, Santana JCDO, Mirande JM. Spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure as sources of phylogenetic characters. The example of characid fishes (Teleostei: Characiformes). ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Grosso J, Baldo D, Costa CS, Natale GS, Candioti FV. Embryonic ontogeny of three species of Horned Frogs, with a review of early development in Ceratophryidae. J Morphol 2019; 281:17-32. [PMID: 31705582 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Horned Frogs of the family Ceratophryidae are conspicuous anurans represented by three endemic South American genera. Most ceratophryids inhabit semiarid environments, but three species of Ceratophrys occupy tropical or temperate humid areas. Several morphological and behavioral characters of larvae and adults are conserved across the family. Based on examination of specimens and accounts in the literature, the embryonic development of C. ornata, C. cranwelli, and the monotypic genus Chacophrys are described and compared with that of species of Lepidobatrachus. Ceratophryid embryos share a suite of morphological features and heterochronic shifts during development. Most features, such as gill structure, ciliation, early hatching, and precocious differentiation of the gut and hind limbs, are shared by all the species regardless the differences in the habitats that occupy. This is consistent with previous observations of some adult characters, and likely supports the hypothesis of an early diversification of ceratophryids in semiarid environments. Other embryonic features, such as the morphology and ontogeny of the oral disc and digestive tract, are correlated with larval feeding habits and vary within the family. The evolutionary and ecological significance of some conserved characters (e.g., gastrulation pattern, Type-A adhesive glands) and other taxon-specific features (e.g., nasal appendix) remain to be explored in the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Grosso
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET-FML), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Diego Baldo
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, CONICET-UNaM), Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Carolina Salgado Costa
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM, UNLP-CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM, UNLP-CONICET), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Grosso J, Baldo D, Cardozo D, Kolenc F, Borteiro C, de Oliveira MIR, Bonino MF, Barrasso DA, Vera Candioti F. Early ontogeny and sequence heterochronies in Leiuperinae frogs (Anura: Leptodactylidae). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218733. [PMID: 31246982 PMCID: PMC6597095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of early development in Neotropical Leiuperinae frogs (Anura, Leptodactylidae) has been addressed by several works in recent times. However, a comparative developmental approach under a phylogenetic context was not available. Herein we analyzed the morphological and ontogenetic diversity of embryos belonging to 22 species of the three largest genera in Leiuperinae. We find that in most cases, variations fit with the phylogeny at the inter- and intrageneric levels. Embryo kyphosis and whitish color are synapomorphies for the clade grouping Physalaemus and Engystomops. The presence of a third lower tooth row on the oral disc is plesiomorphic for Leiuperinae, only changing in derived clades. The configurations and developmental trajectories of the lower lip are exceptionally diverse. The developmental sequences optimized on the phylogenetic tree recover an early differentiated first lower tooth row a synapomorphy of Pseudopaludicola and Physalaemus, and an early differentiated second row as synapomorphy of Pleurodema. On the other hand, few features are highly conserved in the subfamily, such as the adhesive glands universally present in a type-C configuration. Our results also suggest that the morphology and ontogeny of embryos is in some cases associated to the environment where they develop. A large body size, poorly developed transient respiratory structures, large yolk provision and delayed development of the digestive tract occur convergently in embryos inhabiting cold, oxygenated environments. Embryos that develop in warmer water bodies in xeric environments show more complex and persistent transient respiratory structures and an early onset of hind limbs development. Our survey highlights that morphology and early development of anurans can be a valuable source of information for phylogenetic studies, and provide fundamental bases to explore and discuss how evolutionary changes can be shaped by environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Grosso
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET-FML), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Diego Baldo
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, (IBS-CONICET), Misiones, Argentina
| | - Darío Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, (IBS-CONICET), Misiones, Argentina
| | - Francisco Kolenc
- Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudio Borteiro
- Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marianna I. R. de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução (PPGBioEvo-UFBA), Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F. Bonino
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biología Evolutiva y Comportamiento de Herpetozoos (LEBECH), INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo), Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Barrasso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Chubut, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia “San Juan Bosco” (UNPSJB), Chubut, Argentina
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12
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Ito F, Matsumoto T, Hirata T. Frequent nonrandom shifts in the temporal sequence of developmental landmark events during teleost evolutionary diversification. Evol Dev 2019; 21:120-134. [PMID: 30999390 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Morphological transformations can be generated by evolutionary changes in the sequence of developmental events. In this study, we examined the evolutionary dynamics of the developmental sequence on a macroevolutionary scale in teleosts. Using the information from previous reports describing the development of 31 species, we extracted the developmental sequences of 19 landmark events involving the formation of phylogenetically conserved body parts; we then inferred ancestral developmental sequences by two different parsimony-based methods-event-pairing and continuous analysis. The phylogenetic comparisons of these sequences revealed event-dependent heterogeneity in the frequency of sequence changes. Most of the sequence changes occurred as exchanges of temporally neighboring events. These heterochronic changes in developmental sequences accumulated along evolutionary time, but the precise distribution of the changes over the teleostean phylogeny remains unclear due to technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Ito
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Matsumoto
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Division of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Hirata
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,Division of Brain Function, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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13
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Lima FC, Py‐Daniel TR, Sartori MR, Abe AS, Santos OPD, Freitas LM, Pereira KF, Sebben A. Developmental staging table of the green iguana. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano C. Lima
- Laboratório de Anatomia Humana e ComparativaUniversidade Federal de Goiás Jataí Goiás Brasil
| | - Tainã R. Py‐Daniel
- Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de Brasília Brasília DF Brasil
| | | | - Augusto S. Abe
- Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Rio Claro São Paulo Brasil
| | | | - Letícia M. Freitas
- Laboratório de Anatomia Humana e ComparativaUniversidade Federal de Goiás Jataí Goiás Brasil
| | - Kleber F. Pereira
- Laboratório de Anatomia Humana e ComparativaUniversidade Federal de Goiás Jataí Goiás Brasil
| | - Antonio Sebben
- Laboratório de Anatomia comparativa dos vertebradosUniversidade de Brasília Brasília DF Brasil
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14
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Sears K, Maier JA, Sadier A, Sorensen D, Urban DJ. Timing the developmental origins of mammalian limb diversity. Genesis 2017; 56. [PMID: 29095555 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mammals have highly diverse limbs that have contributed to their occupation of almost every niche. Researchers have long been investigating the development of these diverse limbs, with the goals of identifying developmental processes and potential biases that shape mammalian limb diversity. To date, researchers have used techniques ranging from the genomic to the anatomic to investigate the developmental processes shaping the limb morphology of mammals from five orders (Marsupialia, Chiroptera, Rodentia, Cetartiodactyla, and Perissodactyla). Results of these studies suggest that the differential expression of genes controlling diverse cellular processes underlies mammalian limb diversity. Results also suggest that the earliest development of the limb tends to be conserved among mammalian species, while later limb development tends to be more variable. This research has established the mammalian limb as a model system for evolutionary developmental biology, and set the stage for more in-depth, cross-disciplinary research into the genetic controls, tissue-level cellular behaviors, and selective pressures that have driven the developmental evolution of mammalian limbs. Ideally, these studies will be performed in a diverse suite of mammalian species within a comparative, phylogenetic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Jennifer A Maier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Daniel Sorensen
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Daniel J Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095.,Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.,Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, 10024
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15
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Carril J, Tambussi CP. Skeletogenesis ofMyiopsitta monachus(Psittaciformes) and sequence heterochronies in Aves. Evol Dev 2016; 19:17-28. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Carril
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Cátedra de Histología y Embriología; Calle 60 y 118 s/n (1900) La Plata Argentina
| | - Claudia P. Tambussi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físicas y Naturales, Vélez Sarsfield 1611; Ciudad Universitaria (5016) Córdoba Argentina
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16
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Etherington SJ, Hong IHK, Wong CJW, Stephens N, Warburton NM. Heterochronic neuromuscular junction development in an Australian marsupial (Macropus fuliginosus
). J Zool (1987) 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Etherington
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - I. H. K. Hong
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - C. J. W. Wong
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - N. Stephens
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - N. M. Warburton
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Western Australia Australia
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17
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Vieira LG, Santos AL, Moura LR, Orpinelli SR, Pereira KF, Lima FC. Morphology, development and heterochrony of the carapace of Giant Amazon River Turtle Podocnemis expansa (Testudines, Podocnemidae). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: With aim to report the ontogeny of the osseous elements of the carapace in Peurodiras, 62 embryos and 43 nestlings of Podocnemis expansa were collected and submitted to the clearing and staining technique of bones and cartilages and study of serial histological slices. The carapace has mixed osseous structure of endo and exoskeleton, formed by 8 pairs of costal bones associated with ribs, 7 neural bones associated with neural arches, 11 pairs of peripheral bones, 1 nuchal, 1 pygal and 1 suprapygal. This structure begins its formation in the beginning of stage 16 with the ossification of the periosteal collar of the ribs. With exception of the peripheral bones, the other ones begin their ossification during the embrionary period. In histologic investigation it was found that the costal bones and neural bones have a close relation to the endoskeleton components, originating themselves as intramembranous expansions of the periosteal collar of the ribs and neural arches, respectively. The condensation of the mesenchyme adjacent to the periosteal collar induces the formation of spikes that grow in trabeculae permeated by fibroblasts below the dermis. The nuchal bone also ossifies in an intramembranous way, but does not show direct relation to the endoskeleton. Such information confirms those related to the other Pleurodira, mainly with Podocnemis unifilis, sometimes with conspicuous variations in the chronology of the ossification events. The formation of dermal plates in the carapace of Pleurodira and Criptodira follow the same pattern.
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18
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Lowe JWE. Managing variation in the investigation of organismal development: problems and opportunities. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 37:449-73. [PMID: 26452776 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-015-0089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to clarify the consequences of new scientific and philosophical approaches for the practical-theoretical framework of modern developmental biology. I highlight normal development, and the instructive-permissive distinction, as key parts of this framework which shape how variation is conceptualised and managed. Furthermore, I establish the different dimensions of biological variation: the units, temporality and mode of variation. Using the analytical frame established by this, I interpret a selection of examples as challenges to the instructive-permissive distinction. These examples include the phenomena of developmental plasticity and transdifferentiation, the role of the microbiome in development, and new methodological approaches to standardisation and the assessment of causes. Furthermore, I argue that investigations into organismal development should investigate the effects of a wider range of kinds of variation including variation in the units, modes and temporalities of development. I close by examining various possible opportunities for producing and using normal development free of the assumptions of the instructive-permissive distinction. These opportunities are afforded by recent developments, which include new ways of producing standards incorporating more natural variation and being based on function rather than structure, and the ability to produce, store, and process large quantities of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W E Lowe
- Department of Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology, and Egenis, The Centre for the Study of Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Byrne House, St. German's Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4PJ, UK.
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19
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Veitschegger K, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Tooth Eruption Sequences in Cervids and the Effect of Morphology, Life History, and Phylogeny. J MAMM EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-015-9315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Werneburg I, Polachowski KM, Hutchinson MN. Bony skull development in the Argus monitor (Squamata, Varanidae, Varanus panoptes) with comments on developmental timing and adult anatomy. ZOOLOGY 2015; 118:255-80. [PMID: 26051699 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Varanids represent one of the most charismatic squamate clades and include the largest living lizards; however, little is known about their embryonic development and what it might reveal about the origin of their derived anatomy. In the present study, we describe external organogenesis and skull formation of Varanus panoptes in great detail. We compared timing of ossification with the patterns seen in other squamates, using three major hypotheses of squamate interrelationship as phylogenetic templates, and were able to detect heterochronic patterns in ossification that are associated with adult anatomy in each phylogeny. However, we refrain from preferring one topology given the current lack of congruence between molecular and morphological data sets. The rule of thumb that early appearance of developmental characters is correlated to larger prominence in adults is critically discussed and we conclude that such simple correlations are the exception rather than the rule. The entanglement of developmental processes detected herein highlights the non-independent formation of adult characters that are usually treated as independent in phylogenetic studies, which may bias the output of such studies. Our comprehensive descriptions of embryonic development may serve as a resource for future studies integrating the complex processes of embryogenesis into broad-scale phylogenetic analyses that are likely to show that change in embryonic timing is one of the major sources of morphological diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Werneburg
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- & Biodiversitätsforschung, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katja M Polachowski
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark N Hutchinson
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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21
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Jirikowski GJ, Wolff C, Richter S. Evolution of eumalacostracan development-new insights into loss and reacquisition of larval stages revealed by heterochrony analysis. EvoDevo 2015; 6:4. [PMID: 25973168 PMCID: PMC4429915 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within Malacostraca (Crustacea), direct development and development through diverse forms of larvae are found. Recent investigations suggest that larva-related developmental features have undergone heterochronic evolution in Malacostraca. In the light of current phylogenetic hypotheses, the free-swimming nauplius larva was lost in the lineage leading to Malacostraca and evolved convergently in the malacostracan groups Dendrobranchiata and Euphausiacea. Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of eumalacostracan (Malacostraca without Phyllocarida) development with regard to early appendage morphogenesis, muscle and central nervous system development, and determine the heterochronic transformations involved in changes of ontogenetic mode. RESULTS Timing of 33 developmental events from the different tissues was analyzed for six eumalacostracan species (material for Euphausiacea was not available) and one outgroup, using a modified version of Parsimov-based genetic inference (PGi). Our results confirm previous suggestions that the event sequence of nauplius larva development is partly retained in embryogenesis of those species which do not develop such a larva. The ontogenetic mode involving a nauplius larva was likely replaced by direct development in the malacostracan stem lineage. Secondary evolution of the nauplius larva of Dendrobranchiata from this ancestral condition, involved only a very small number of heterochronies, despite the drastic change of life history. In the lineage leading to Peracarida, timing patterns of nauplius-related development were lost. Throughout eumalacostracan evolution, events related to epidermal and neural tissue development were clearly less affected by heterochrony than events related to muscle development. CONCLUSIONS Weak integration between mesodermal and ectodermal development may have allowed timing in muscle formation to be altered independently of ectodermal development. We conclude that heterochrony in muscle development played a crucial role in evolutionary loss and secondary evolution of a nauplius larva in Malacostraca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Joseph Jirikowski
- />Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Carsten Wolff
- />Institut für Biologie, Vergleichende Zoologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, Haus 2, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Richter
- />Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany
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22
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Goswami A, Smaers JB, Soligo C, Polly PD. The macroevolutionary consequences of phenotypic integration: from development to deep time. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:20130254. [PMID: 25002699 PMCID: PMC4084539 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic integration is a pervasive characteristic of organisms. Numerous analyses have demonstrated that patterns of phenotypic integration are conserved across large clades, but that significant variation also exists. For example, heterochronic shifts related to different mammalian reproductive strategies are reflected in postcranial skeletal integration and in coordination of bone ossification. Phenotypic integration and modularity have been hypothesized to shape morphological evolution, and we extended simulations to confirm that trait integration can influence both the trajectory and magnitude of response to selection. We further demonstrate that phenotypic integration can produce both more and less disparate organisms than would be expected under random walk models by repartitioning variance in preferred directions. This effect can also be expected to favour homoplasy and convergent evolution. New empirical analyses of the carnivoran cranium show that rates of evolution, in contrast, are not strongly influenced by phenotypic integration and show little relationship to morphological disparity, suggesting that phenotypic integration may shape the direction of evolutionary change, but not necessarily the speed of it. Nonetheless, phenotypic integration is problematic for morphological clocks and should be incorporated more widely into models that seek to accurately reconstruct both trait and organismal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goswami
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - J B Smaers
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Circle Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - C Soligo
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - P D Polly
- Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
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23
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Werneburg I, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Skeletal heterochrony is associated with the anatomical specializations of snakes among squamate reptiles. Evolution 2014; 69:254-63. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Werneburg
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich; Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4 8006 Zürich Switzerland
- Museum für Naturkunde; Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions & Biodiversitätsforschung, an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Invalidenstraße 43 10115 Berlin Germany
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24
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Sheil CA, Jorgensen M, Tulenko F, Harrington S. Variation in timing of ossification affects inferred heterochrony of cranial bones in Lissamphibia. Evol Dev 2014; 16:292-305. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Jorgensen
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University; University Heights OH 44118
- M172 Medical Sciences Building, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences; University of Missouri School of Medicine; Columbia MO 65212
| | - Frank Tulenko
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University; University Heights OH 44118
- Kennesaw State University; Kennesaw GA 30144
| | - Sean Harrington
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University; University Heights OH 44118
- Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego CA 92182
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25
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Koyabu D, Son NT. Patterns of postcranial ossification and sequence heterochrony in bats: life histories and developmental trade-offs. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2014; 322:607-18. [PMID: 24863050 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The recently increased interest in studies on sequence heterochrony has uncovered developmental variation between species. However, how changes in developmental program are related to shifts in life-history parameters remains largely unsolved. Here we provide the most comprehensive data to date on postcranial ossification sequence of bats and compare them to various boreoeutherian mammals with different locomotive modes. Given that bats are equipped with an elongated manus, we expected to detect characteristic heterochronies particularly related to wing development. Although heterochronies related to wing development were confirmed as predicted, unexpected heterochronies regarding the pedal digits were also found. The timing of ossification onset of pedal phalanges is earlier than other mammals. Particularly, bats deviate from others in that pedal phalanges initiate ossification earlier than manual phalanges. It is known that the foot size of new born bats is close to that of adults, and that it takes several weeks to month until the wing is developed for flight. Given that the foot is required to be firm and stable enough at the time of birth to allow continued attachment to the mother and/or cave walls, we suggest that the accelerated development of the hind foot is linked to their unique life history. Since the forelimb is not mature enough for flight at birth and requires extended postnatal time to be large enough to be fully functional, we postulate that bats invest in earlier development of the hindlimb. We conclud that energy allocation trade-offs can play a significant role in shaping the evolution of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koyabu
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Laurin M. Assessment of modularity in the urodele skull: An exploratory analysis using ossification sequence data. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2014; 322:567-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Laurin
- Sorbonne Universités, CR2P, CNRS/MNHN/UPMC; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Paris France
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27
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Koyabu D, Werneburg I, Morimoto N, Zollikofer CPE, Forasiepi AM, Endo H, Kimura J, Ohdachi SD, Truong Son N, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Mammalian skull heterochrony reveals modular evolution and a link between cranial development and brain size. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3625. [PMID: 24704703 PMCID: PMC3988809 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple skeletal components of the skull originate asynchronously and their developmental schedule varies across amniotes. Here we present the embryonic ossification sequence of 134 species, covering all major groups of mammals and their close relatives. This comprehensive data set allows reconstruction of the heterochronic and modular evolution of the skull and the condition of the last common ancestor of mammals. We show that the mode of ossification (dermal or endochondral) unites bones into integrated evolutionary modules of heterochronic changes and imposes evolutionary constraints on cranial heterochrony. However, some skull-roof bones, such as the supraoccipital, exhibit evolutionary degrees of freedom in these constraints. Ossification timing of the neurocranium was considerably accelerated during the origin of mammals. Furthermore, association between developmental timing of the supraoccipital and brain size was identified among amniotes. We argue that cranial heterochrony in mammals has occurred in concert with encephalization but within a conserved modular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koyabu
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich 8006, Switzerland
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich 8006, Switzerland
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Christoph P. E. Zollikofer
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Analia M. Forasiepi
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich 8006, Switzerland
- Ianigla, CCT-Mendoza, CONICET, Avda. Ruiz Leal s/n, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Hideki Endo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junpei Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–742, Korea
| | - Satoshi D. Ohdachi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich 8006, Switzerland
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28
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Ziermann JM, Mitgutsch C, Olsson L. Analyzing developmental sequences with Parsimov--a case study of cranial muscle development in anuran larvae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2014; 322:586-606. [PMID: 24692269 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parsimov is a parsimony-based method for identifying the minimum number of heterochronic event-shifts on all branches of a given phylogenetic framework to explain the developmental sequences seen in the species investigated, and has been used to investigate the evolution of developmental sequences in various animal groups. However, the biological interpretation of the results is difficult not least because Parsimov uses non-independent data resulting from event-pairing as the basis for its analyses. To test the applicability of Parsimov to a large data set, larval cranial muscle development was studied in 15 anurans, three caudates and the Australian lungfish. We analyzed the developmental sequences with Parsimov to investigate: if there are (1) heterochronies on deep branches of a cladogram indicating changes in the ancestral sequences, (2) heterochronies that can be related to larval life-history, and (3) the sensitivity of the analysis to different underlying cladograms. We discovered general patterns of cranial muscle development, such as an anterior-to-posterior gradient, an outside-in pattern and a tendency for cranial muscles to develop from their region of origin toward their insertion. We found most heterochronies on terminal branches and only a few shifts on deep branches in the cladograms indicating changes in the ancestral sequences. No changes could be related to larval life-history. The underlying cladogram clearly influenced the outcome of the analysis. We propose that Parsimov has the potential, combined with other methods, to find evolutionary important changes and to aid the biological interpretation of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Ziermann
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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29
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Geiger M, Forasiepi AM, Koyabu D, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Heterochrony and post-natal growth in mammals - an examination of growth plates in limbs. J Evol Biol 2013; 27:98-115. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Geiger
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - D. Koyabu
- University Museum; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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30
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31
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Rager L, Hautier L, Forasiepi A, Goswami A, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Timing of cranial suture closure in placental mammals: Phylogenetic patterns, intraspecific variation, and comparison with marsupials. J Morphol 2013; 275:125-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rager
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum; Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4; CH-8006 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Lionel Hautier
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie; Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution (ISE-M, UMR-CNRS 5554), C.c. 64, Université Montpellier 2; Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Analía Forasiepi
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum; Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4; CH-8006 Zürich Switzerland
- CONICET, IANIGLA, CCT-Mendoza; Avda. Ruiz Leal s/n, 5500, Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Genetics; Evolution and Environment, University College London; London UK
| | - Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum; Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4; CH-8006 Zürich Switzerland
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Harrington SM, Harrison LB, Sheil CA. Ossification sequence heterochrony among amphibians. Evol Dev 2013; 15:344-64. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Harrington
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University, University Heights; Ohio 44118 USA
| | - Luke B. Harrison
- Redpath Museum; McGill University; 859 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Christopher A. Sheil
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University, University Heights; Ohio 44118 USA
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Goswami A, Foley L, Weisbecker V. Patterns and implications of extensive heterochrony in carnivoran cranial suture closure. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1294-306. [PMID: 23530892 PMCID: PMC4166780 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Heterochronic changes in the rate or timing of development underpin many evolutionary transformations. In particular, the onset and rate of bone development have been the focus of many studies across large clades. In contrast, the termination of bone growth, as estimated by suture closure, has been studied far less frequently, although a few recent studies have shown this to represent a variable, although poorly understood, aspect of developmental evolution. Here, we examine suture closure patterns across 25 species of carnivoran mammals, ranging from social-insectivores to hypercarnivores, to assess variation in suture closure across taxa, identify heterochronic shifts in a phylogenetic framework and elucidate the relationship between suture closure timing and ecology. Our results show that heterochronic shifts in suture closure are widespread across Carnivora, with several shifts identified for most major clades. Carnivorans differ from patterns identified for other mammalian clades in showing high variability of palatal suture closure, no correlation between size and level of suture closure, and little phylogenetic signal outside of musteloids. Results further suggest a strong influence of feeding ecology on suture closure pattern. Most of the species with high numbers of heterochronic shifts, such as the walrus and the aardwolf, feed on invertebrates, and these taxa also showed high frequency of closure of the mandibular symphysis, a state that is relatively rare among mammals. Overall, caniforms displayed more heterochronic shifts than feliforms, suggesting that evolutionary changes in suture closure may reflect the lower diversity of cranial morphology in feliforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goswami
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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Hautier L, Bennett NC, Viljoen H, Howard L, Milinkovitch MC, Tzika AC, Goswami A, Asher RJ. PATTERNS OF OSSIFICATION IN SOUTHERN VERSUS NORTHERN PLACENTAL MAMMALS. Evolution 2013; 67:1994-2010. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Hautier
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing St. Cambridge CB2 3EJ United Kingdom
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology; University of Pretoria; Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Hermien Viljoen
- Department of Zoology and Entomology; University of Pretoria; Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Lauren Howard
- Science Facilities Department; British Museum of Natural History; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Michel C. Milinkovitch
- Laboratory of Artificial and Natural Evolution; Department of Genetics & Evolution; Sciences III Building; 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Athanasia C. Tzika
- Laboratory of Artificial and Natural Evolution; Department of Genetics & Evolution; Sciences III Building; 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment and Department of Earth Sciences; University College London; Wolfson House to Darwin Building; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Asher
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing St. Cambridge CB2 3EJ United Kingdom
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Tomašević Kolarov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
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36
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Grünbaum T, Cloutier R, Vincent B. Dynamic skeletogenesis in fishes: Insight of exercise training on developmental plasticity. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:1507-24. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hautier L, Stansfield FJ, Allen WRT, Asher RJ. Skeletal development in the African elephant and ossification timing in placental mammals. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:2188-95. [PMID: 22298853 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide here unique data on elephant skeletal ontogeny. We focus on the sequence of cranial and post-cranial ossification events during growth in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Previous analyses on ossification sequences in mammals have focused on monotremes, marsupials, boreoeutherian and xenarthran placentals. Here, we add data on ossification sequences in an afrotherian. We use two different methods to quantify sequence heterochrony: the sequence method and event-paring/Parsimov. Compared with other placentals, elephants show late ossifications of the basicranium, manual and pedal phalanges, and early ossifications of the ischium and metacarpals. Moreover, ossification in elephants starts very early and progresses rapidly. Specifically, the elephant exhibits the same percentage of bones showing an ossification centre at the end of the first third of its gestation period as the mouse and hamster have close to birth. Elephants show a number of features of their ossification patterns that differ from those of other placental mammals. The pattern of the initiation of the ossification evident in the African elephant underscores a possible correlation between the timing of ossification onset and gestation time throughout mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Hautier
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
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38
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A Phylogenetic Study of Late Growth Events in a Mammalian Evolutionary Radiation—The Cranial Sutures of Terrestrial Artiodactyl Mammals. J MAMM EVOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-011-9176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Koyabu D, Endo H, Mitgutsch C, Suwa G, Catania KC, Zollikofer CPE, Oda SI, Koyasu K, Ando M, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Heterochrony and developmental modularity of cranial osteogenesis in lipotyphlan mammals. EvoDevo 2011; 2:21. [PMID: 22040374 PMCID: PMC3247175 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-2-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here we provide the most comprehensive study to date on the cranial ossification sequence in Lipotyphla, the group which includes shrews, moles and hedgehogs. This unique group, which encapsulates diverse ecological modes, such as terrestrial, subterranean, and aquatic lifestyles, is used to examine the evolutionary lability of cranial osteogenesis and to investigate the modularity of development. RESULTS An acceleration of developmental timing of the vomeronasal complex has occurred in the common ancestor of moles. However, ossification of the nasal bone has shifted late in the more terrestrial shrew mole. Among the lipotyphlans, sequence heterochrony shows no significant association with modules derived from developmental origins (that is, neural crest cells vs. mesoderm derived parts) or with those derived from ossification modes (that is, dermal vs. endochondral ossification). CONCLUSIONS The drastic acceleration of vomeronasal development in moles is most likely coupled with the increased importance of the rostrum for digging and its use as a specialized tactile surface, both fossorial adaptations. The late development of the nasal in shrew moles, a condition also displayed by hedgehogs and shrews, is suggested to be the result of an ecological reversal to terrestrial lifestyle and reduced functional importance of the rostrum. As an overall pattern in lipotyphlans, our results reject the hypothesis that ossification sequence heterochrony occurs in modular fashion when considering the developmental patterns of the skull. We suggest that shifts in the cranial ossification sequence are not evolutionarily constrained by developmental origins or mode of ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koyabu
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Endo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Mitgutsch
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gen Suwa
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenneth C Catania
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 35-1634, Nashville, USA
| | - Christoph PE Zollikofer
- Anthropologisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sen-ichi Oda
- Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science, Ridaichou, Kita-ku, 700-0005 Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koyasu
- The Second Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Kusumotochou 1-100, 464-8650 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motokazu Ando
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, 243-0034 Atsugi, Japan
| | - Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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40
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Mitgutsch C, Wimmer C, Sánchez-Villagra MR, Hahnloser R, Schneider RA. Timing of ossification in duck, quail, and zebra finch: intraspecific variation, heterochronies, and life history evolution. Zoolog Sci 2011; 28:491-500. [PMID: 21728797 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.28.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletogenic heterochronies have gained much attention in comparative developmental biology. The temporal appearance of mineralized individual bones in a species - the species ossification sequence - is an excellent marker in this kind of study. Several publications describe interspecific variation, but only very few detail intraspecific variation. In this study, we describe and analyze the temporal order of ossification of skeletal elements in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, and the White Pekin duck, a domestic race of the mallard Anas platyrhynchos, and explore patterns of intraspecific variation in these events. The overall sequences were found to be conserved. In the duck, variability is present in the relative timing of ossification in the occipital, the basisphenoid and the otic regions of the skull and the phalanges in the postcranium. This variation appears generally in close temporal proximity. Comparison with previously published data shows differences in ossification sequence in the skull, the feet, and the pelvis in the duck, and especially the pelvis in the quail. This clearly documents variability among different breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mitgutsch
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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Hautier L, Weisbecker V, Goswami A, Knight F, Kardjilov N, Asher RJ. Skeletal ossification and sequence heterochrony in xenarthran evolution. Evol Dev 2011; 13:460-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142x.2011.00503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Hautier
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing St.; Cambridge CB2 3EJ; UK
| | - Vera Weisbecker
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Cambridge; Downing St.; Cambridge; CB2 3EQ; UK
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Genetics; Evolution, and Environment and Department of Earth Sciences; University College London; Wolfson House 408, 4 Stephenson Way; London; NW1 2HE; UK
| | - Frank Knight
- Division of Sciences and Mathematics; 104 Smith-Broyles Science Center, 415 N. College Avenue; Clarksville; AR; 72830; USA
| | - Nikolay Kardjilov
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy Institute of Applied Materials; Hahn-Meitner-Platz; 14109; Berlin; Germany
| | - Robert J. Asher
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing St.; Cambridge CB2 3EJ; UK
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42
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Developmental Characters in Phylogenetic Inference and Their Absolute Timing Information. Syst Biol 2011; 60:630-44. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syr024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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43
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Werneburg I, Sánchez-Villagra MR. The early development of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Mammalia: Monotremata), and patterns of mammalian development. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2009.00447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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44
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Weisbecker V, Mitgutsch C. A large-scale survey of heterochrony in anuran cranial ossification patterns. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Delfino M, Sánchez-Villagra MR. A survey of the rock record of reptilian ontogeny. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:432-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Makowsky R, Cox CL, Roelke C, Chippindale PT. Analyzing the relationship between sequence divergence and nodal support using Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:485-94. [PMID: 20472081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Determining the appropriate gene for phylogeny reconstruction can be a difficult process. Rapidly evolving genes tend to resolve recent relationships, but suffer from alignment issues and increased homoplasy among distantly related species. Conversely, slowly evolving genes generally perform best for deeper relationships, but lack sufficient variation to resolve recent relationships. We determine the relationship between sequence divergence and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction ability using both natural and simulated datasets. The natural data are based on 28 well-supported relationships within the subphylum Vertebrata. Sequences of 12 genes were acquired and Bayesian analyses were used to determine phylogenetic support for correct relationships. Simulated datasets were designed to determine whether an optimal range of sequence divergence exists across extreme phylogenetic conditions. Across all genes we found that an optimal range of divergence for resolving the correct relationships does exist, although this level of divergence expectedly depends on the distance metric. Simulated datasets show that an optimal range of sequence divergence exists across diverse topologies and models of evolution. We determine that a simple to measure property of genetic sequences (genetic distance) is related to phylogenic reconstruction ability in Bayesian analyses. This information should be useful for selecting the most informative gene to resolve any relationships, especially those that are difficult to resolve, as well as minimizing both cost and confounding information during project design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Makowsky
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Biology, Box 19498, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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47
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Doroba CK, Sears KE. The Divergent Development of the Apical Ectodermal Ridge in the Marsupial Monodelphis domestica. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:1325-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Wilson LAB, Schradin C, Mitgutsch C, Galliari FC, Mess A, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Skeletogenesis and sequence heterochrony in rodent evolution, with particular emphasis on the African striped mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio (Mammalia). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-010-0020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Wilson LAB, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Heterochrony and patterns of cranial suture closure in hystricognath rodents. J Anat 2010; 214:339-54. [PMID: 19245501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sutures, joints that allow one bone to articulate with another through intervening fibrous connective tissue, serve as major sites of bone expansion during postnatal craniofacial growth in the vertebrate skull and represent an aspect of cranial ontogeny which may exhibit functional and phylogenetic correlates. Suture evolution among hystricognath rodents, an ecologically diverse group represented here by 26 species, is examined using sequence heterochrony methods, i.e. event pairing and PARSIMOV. Although minor nuances in suture closure sequence exist between species, the overall sequence was found to be conserved both across the hystricognath group and, to an increasing degree, within selected clades. At species level, suture closure pattern exhibited a significant positive correlation with patterns previously reported for hominoids. Patterns for most clades revealed the first sutures to close are those contacting the exoccipital, interparietal, and palatine bones. Heterochronic shifts were found along 19 of 35 branches within the hystricognath phylogeny. The number of shifts per node ranged from one to seven events and, overall, involved 21 of 34 suture sites. The topology generated by parsimony analyses of the event pair matrix yielded only one grouping that was congruent with the evolutionary relationships, compiled from morphological and molecular studies, taken as framework. Sutures contacting the exoccipital displayed the highest levels of most complete closure across all species. Level of suture closure is negatively correlated with cranial length (P < 0.05). Differing life history and locomotory strategies are coupled in part with differing suture closure patterns among several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A B Wilson
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, Switzerland.
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50
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Assessing the phylogenetic utility of sequence heterochrony: evolution of avian ossification sequences as a case study. ZOOLOGY 2010; 113:57-66. [PMID: 20116981 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of developmental sequences, or sequence heterochrony, is an emerging field of study that addresses the temporal interplay between evolution and development. Some phylogenetic signal has been found in developmental sequence data, but sampling has generally been limited to small numbers of taxa and few developmental events. Here we present the largest ossification sequence dataset to date. The sequences are composed of ossification events throughout the avian skeleton, and are used to address the evolutionary signal of ossification sequence data within this clade. The results indicate that ossification sequences are conserved in birds, and show a stronger phylogenetic signal than previous studies, perhaps due to the volume of data. Phylogenetic signal is not strong enough, however, to consider ossification sequence data to be any better at resolving phylogenetic hypotheses than other morphological data and just as prone to evolutionary convergence. There is no one-to-one correlation between ossification sequence and developmental stage. We discuss some methodological implications of our findings, as well as commonalities in avian ossification sequences such as early ossification of the long bones relative to the dermatocranium, and of the hindlimb over the forelimb.
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