1
|
Xia X, Li G, Dong Q, Wang JW, Kim JE. Endothelial progenitor cells as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor in the field of food and nutrition research: advances and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37599627 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2248506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Dietary modifications can help prevent many cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) actively contribute to cardiovascular system maintenance and could function as surrogate markers for evaluating improvement in cardiovascular health resulting from nutritional interventions. This review summarizes the latest research progress on the impact of food and nutrients on EPCs, drawing on evidence from human, animal, and in vitro studies. Additionally, current trends and challenges faced in the field are highlighted. Findings from studies examining cells as EPCs are generally consistent, demonstrating that a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet or a supervised diet for overweight people, specific foods like olive oil, fruit, vegetables, red wine, tea, chia, and nutraceuticals, and certain nutrients such as polyphenols, unsaturated fats, inorganic nitrate, and vitamins, generally promote higher EPC numbers and enhanced EPC function. Conversely, an unhealthy diet, such as one high in sugar substitutes, salt, or fructose, impairs EPC function. Research on outgrowth EPCs has revealed that various pathways are involved in the modulation effects of food and nutrients. The potential of EPCs as a biomarker for assessing the effectiveness of nutritional interventions in preventing CVDs is immense, while further clarification on definition and characterization of EPCs is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Colacurci N, Schettino MT, Grimaldi V, De Luca FP, Mansueto G, Costa D, Cacciatore F, De Franciscis P, Napoli C. Flow Cytometry Characterization of Pluripotent Transmembrane Glycoproteins on Resident Cervix Uteri Cells in Patients Screened for Cervical Cancer. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:228-239. [PMID: 32208057 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1742349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize both by flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry cervix uteri cells of nulliparous women screened for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in comparison to a group without CIN by using mesenchymal stem cell-like and hematopoietic lineage markers. A significant expression for CD29, CD38, HLA-I, and HLA-II was correlated positively to the CIN degree and it was more relevant in patients positive for human papilloma virus (HPV). Thus, identification and detailed characterization of pluripotent resident in uteri cells could be a promising therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Colacurci
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Schettino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Grimaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences. U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo De Luca
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences. U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Legal Medicine Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Costa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences. U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciatore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences. U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Preliminary Study: Purple Sweet Potato Extract Seems to Be Superior to Increase the Migration of Impaired Endothelial Progenitor Cells Compared to l-Ascorbic Acid. Sci Pharm 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm87030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) ability to proliferate and migrate in the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is partly caused by oxidative stress. This research evaluates the effect of treatment with Ipomoea batatas L./purple sweet potato (PSP) extract and l-ascorbic acid on the proliferation and migration of impaired EPCs. EPCs were isolated from CHD patient’s peripheral blood. EPCs culture were cultivated and divided into control (untreated), PSP extract treatment (dose 1 and 25 μg/mL), and l-ascorbic acid treatment (dose 10 and 250 μg/mL) groups for 48 h. EPCs proliferation was analyzed with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay, and migration was evaluated with the cell migration assay kit. Statistical tests were evaluated using SPSS 25.0. This research showed that EPCs proliferation and migration was significantly higher in all PSP extract and l-ascorbic acid treatment compared to the control (p < 0.001). EPCs migration on treatment with a PSP extract dose of 25 μg/mL was significantly higher compared to the treatment with l-ascorbic acid dose of 250 μg/mL (303,000 ± 1000 compared to 215,000 ± 3000 cells, p< 0.001). In conclusion, both treatments with PSP extract and l-ascorbic acid can improve the proliferation and migration of impaired EPCs. At the dose of 25 μg/mL, PSP extract seems to be superior to the l-ascorbic acid dose of 250 μg/mL to improve EPCs migration.
Collapse
|
4
|
Vitamin C: The next step in sepsis management? J Crit Care 2017; 43:230-234. [PMID: 28934705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening medical condition, affecting approximately 26 million people worldwide every year. The disease is a continuum, marked by dysregulated inflammation and hemodynamic instability leading to shock, multi-system organ dysfunction, and death. Over the past decades, there has been a focus on the early identification and treatment of sepsis primarily with bundled and goal directed therapy. Despite these advances, morbidity and mortality has remained high, prompting investigation into novel therapies. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a role in mediating inflammation through antioxidant activities and is also important in the synthesis of cortisol, catecholamines, and vasopressin, which are key mediators in the disease process. Emerging evidence provides cursory data in support of the administration of vitamin C in addition to standard therapy to ameliorate the effects of inflammation and improve hemodynamic stability in patients with sepsis and septic shock; however, further evidence is needed to support this practice. This review discusses the physiologic role of vitamin C as well as the recent literature and evidence for the use of vitamin C in patients presenting with sepsis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghebre YT, Yakubov E, Wong WT, Krishnamurthy P, Sayed N, Sikora AG, Bonnen MD. Vascular Aging: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease and Therapy. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (SUNNYVALE, CALIF.) 2016; 6:183. [PMID: 28932625 PMCID: PMC5602592 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1025.1000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease is highest among the elderly, in part, due to deleterious effects of advancing age on the heart and blood vessels. Aging, a known cardiovascular risk factor, is progressively associated with structural and functional changes to the vasculature including hemodynamic disturbance due to increased oxidative stress, premature cellular senescence and impairments in synthesis and/or secretion of endothelium-derived vasoactive molecules. These molecular and physiological changes lead to vessel wall stiffening and thickening, as well as other vascular complications that culminate to loss of vascular tone regulation and endothelial function. Intriguingly, the vessel wall, a biochemically active structure composed of collagen, connective tissue, smooth muscle and endothelial cells, is adversely affected by processes involved in premature or normal aging. Notably, the inner most layer of the vessel wall, the endothelium, becomes senescent and dysfunctional with advancing age. As a result, its ability to release vasoactive molecules such as acetylcholine (ACh), prostacyclin (PGI2), endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), and nitric oxide (NO) is reduced and the cellular response to these molecules is also impaired. By contrast, the vascular endothelium increases its generation and release of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, vasoconstrictors such as endothelin (ET) and angiotensin (AT), and endogenous inhibitors of NO synthases (NOSs) to block NO. This skews the balance of the endothelium in favor of the release of highly tissue reactive and harmful molecules that promote DNA damage, telomere erosion, senescence, as well as stiffened and hardened vessel wall that is prone to the development of hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular risk factors. This Review discusses the impact of advancing age on cardiovascular health, and highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie age-associated vascular changes. In addition, the role of pharmacological interventions in preventing or delaying age-related cardiovascular disease is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes T Ghebre
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eduard Yakubov
- phaRNA Comprehensive RNA Technologies, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark D Bonnen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shill DD, Southern WM, Willingham TB, Lansford KA, McCully KK, Jenkins NT. Mitochondria-specific antioxidant supplementation does not influence endurance exercise training-induced adaptations in circulating angiogenic cells, skeletal muscle oxidative capacity or maximal oxygen uptake. J Physiol 2016; 594:7005-7014. [PMID: 27501153 PMCID: PMC5134375 DOI: 10.1113/jp272491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Reducing excessive oxidative stress, through chronic exercise or antioxidants, can decrease the negative effects induced by excessive amounts of oxidative stress. Transient increases in oxidative stress produced during acute exercise facilitate beneficial vascular training adaptations, but the effects of non-specific antioxidants on exercise training-induced vascular adaptations remain elusive. Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are an exercise-inducible subset of white blood cells that maintain vascular integrity. We investigated whether mitochondria-specific antioxidant (MitoQ) supplementation would affect the response to 3 weeks of endurance exercise training in CACs, muscle mitochondrial capacity and maximal oxygen uptake in young healthy men. We show that endurance exercise training increases multiple CAC types, an adaptation that is not altered by MitoQ supplementation. Additionally, MitoQ does not affect skeletal muscle or whole-body aerobic adaptations to exercise training. These results indicate that MitoQ supplementation neither enhances nor attenuates endurance training adaptations in young healthy men. ABSTRACT Antioxidants have been shown to improve endothelial function and cardiovascular outcomes. However, the effects of antioxidants on exercise training-induced vascular adaptations remain elusive. General acting antioxidants combined with exercise have not impacted circulating angiogenic cells (CACs). We investigated whether mitochondria-specific antioxidant (MitoQ) supplementation would affect the response to 3 weeks of endurance exercise training on CD3+ , CD3+ /CD31+ , CD14+ /CD31+ , CD31+ , CD34+ /VEGFR2+ and CD62E+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), muscle mitochondrial capacity, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max ) in healthy men aged 22.1 ± 0.7 years, with a body mass index of 26.9 ± 0.9 kg m-2 , and 24.8 ± 1.3% body fat. Analysis of main effects revealed that training induced 33, 105 and 285% increases in CD14+ /CD31+ , CD62E+ and CD34+ /VEGFR2+ CACs, respectively, and reduced CD3+ /CD31- PBMCs by 14%. There was no effect of MitoQ on CAC levels. Also independent of MitoQ supplementation, exercise training significantly increased quadriceps muscle mitochondrial capacity by 24% and VO2 max by roughly 7%. In conclusion, endurance exercise training induced increases in multiple CAC types, and this adaptation is not modified by MitoQ supplementation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant does not influence skeletal muscle or whole-body aerobic adaptations to exercise training.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghobadian Z, Ahmadi MRH, Rezazadeh L, Hosseini E, Kokhazadeh T, Ghavam S. In Vitro Evaluation of Achillea Millefolium on the Production and Stimulation of Human Skin Fibroblast Cells (HFS-PI-16). Med Arch 2015; 69:212-7. [PMID: 26543303 PMCID: PMC4610620 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2015.69.212-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In the present study, we aimed the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium (HEAML) on human skin fibroblast cells (HSF-PI-16) proliferation, stimulation and growth properties. Methods: Initially, using HSF-PI-16 monolayer culture, we created one line scratch method as an in vitro wound closure and after 3 days monitored via an inverted microscopy. Results: HEAML selectively inhibited proliferation of HSF-PI-16 cells at higher concentration (>20.0 mg/mL), and stimulated at lower concentrations (<20.0 mg/mL). Following, HSF-PI-16 media treatments up to 72 h, HEAML demonstrated significantly elevated proliferation rates (p<0.05) and stimulation in a scratch wound assay (p<0.04). Furthermore, the morphological analysis of HSF-PI-16 cells at culture media were detected the figures of round to spindle, non-adherent, immature and mature cells. Conclusion: These results clearly demonstrate the absence of any toxic effect of HEAML on human skin fibroblasts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report elucidating potential mechanisms of action of HEAML on fibroblasts proliferation, and stimulation, offering a greater insight and a better understanding of its effect in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghobadian
- Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Leila Rezazadeh
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Hosseini
- Departement of Physiology, Faculty of Paraveterinary Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Taleb Kokhazadeh
- MSC in Nursing, Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Samiramis Ghavam
- Departement of Cardiology, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao L, Li P, Zhang J, Hagiwara M, Shen B, Bledsoe G, Chang E, Chao L, Chao J. Novel role of kallistatin in vascular repair by promoting mobility, viability, and function of endothelial progenitor cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e001194. [PMID: 25237049 PMCID: PMC4323828 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Kallistatin exerts pleiotropic activities in inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Because endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a significant role in vascular repair, we investigated whether kallistatin contributes to vascular regeneration by enhancing EPC migration and function. Methods and Results We examined the effect of endogenous kallistatin on circulating EPCs in a rat model of vascular injury and the mechanisms of kallistatin on EPC mobility and function in vitro. In deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt hypertensive rats, we found that kallistatin depletion augmented glomerular endothelial cell loss and diminished circulating EPC number, whereas kallistatin gene delivery increased EPC levels. In cultured EPCs, kallistatin significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor‐α–induced apoptosis and caspase‐3 activity, but kallistatin's effects were blocked by phosphoinositide 3‐kinase inhibitor (LY294002) and nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor (l‐NAME). Kallistatin stimulated the proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of EPCs; however, kallistatin's actions were abolished by LY294002, l‐NAME, endothelial NO synthase–small interfering RNA, constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, or vascular endothelial growth factor antibody. Kallistatin also increased Akt, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, and endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation; endothelial NO synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 synthesis and activity; and NO and vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Kallistatin's actions on phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–Akt signaling were blocked by LY294002, l‐NAME, and anti–vascular endothelial growth factor antibody. Conclusions Endogenous kallistatin plays a novel role in protection against vascular injury in hypertensive rats by promoting the mobility, viability, and vasculogenic capacity of EPCs via enhancing NO and vascular endothelial growth factor levels through activation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–Akt signaling. Kallistatin therapy may be a promising approach in the treatment of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Jingmei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Makoto Hagiwara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Eugene Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (E.C.)
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (L.G., P.L., J.Z., M.H., B.S., G.B., L.C., J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Spoelstra-de Man AM, de Waard MC. Vitamin C revisited. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:460. [PMID: 25185110 PMCID: PMC4423646 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes the role of vitamin C in mitigating oxidative injury-induced microcirculatory impairment and associated organ failure in ischemia/reperfusion or sepsis. Preclinical studies show that high-dose vitamin C can prevent or restore microcirculatory flow impairment by inhibiting activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, augmenting tetrahydrobiopterin, preventing uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and decreasing the formation of superoxide and peroxynitrite, and by directly scavenging superoxide. Vitamin C can additionally restore vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictors, preserve endothelial barrier by maintaining cyclic guanylate phosphatase and occludin phosphorylation and preventing apoptosis. Finally, high-dose vitamin C can augment antibacterial defense. These protective effects against overwhelming oxidative stress due to ischemia/reperfusion, sepsis or burn seems to mitigate organ injury and dysfunction, and promote recovery after cardiac revascularization and in critically ill patients, in the latter partially in combination with other antioxidants. Of note, several questions remain to be solved, including optimal dose, timing and combination of vitamin C with other antioxidants. The combination obviously offers a synergistic effect and seems reasonable during sustained critical illness. High-dose vitamin C, however, provides a cheap, strong and multifaceted antioxidant, especially robust for resuscitation of the circulation. Vitamin C given as early as possible after the injurious event, or before if feasible, seems most effective. The latter could be considered at the start of cardiac surgery, organ transplant or major gastrointestinal surgery. Preoperative supplementation should consider the inhibiting effect of vitamin C on ischemic preconditioning. In critically ill patients, future research should focus on the use of short-term high-dose intravenous vitamin C as a resuscitation drug, to intervene as early as possible in the oxidant cascade in order to optimize macrocirculation and microcirculation and limit cellular injury.
Collapse
|
10
|
Peplow PV. Influence of growth factors and cytokines on angiogenic function of endothelial progenitor cells: a review of in vitro human studies. Growth Factors 2014; 32:83-116. [PMID: 24712317 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2014.904300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors and cytokines released at sites of injury and inflammation play an important role in stimulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) migration to these sites. A comparative analysis of the literature shows under neutral in vitro conditions (pH 7.4), several growth factors and cytokines influenced favorably indices of EPC angiogenic function. They included SDF-1, VEGF, PlGF, FGF-2, NGF and IL-1β. Others, e.g. TNF-α, have an unfavorable influence. SDF-1 and VEGF in combination increased chemotactic cell migration and reduced apoptosis caused by serum starvation. Under acidic conditions (pH 6.5), the biological activity of certain growth factors may be impaired, although TPO, SCF and IL-3 were each able to rescue EPCs from acidic exposure apoptosis, a combination of these three factors stimulated cell proliferation and prevented apoptosis. Possible combinations of growth factors and cytokines together with EPC transplantation may provide for a greater extent of vessel repair and new vessel formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wagner SC, Markosian B, Ajili N, Dolan BR, Kim AJ, Alexandrescu DT, Dasanu CA, Minev B, Koropatnick J, Marincola FM, Riordan NH. Intravenous ascorbic acid as an adjuvant to interleukin-2 immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2014; 12:127. [PMID: 24884532 PMCID: PMC4028098 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy has been demonstrated to induce responses in 10-20% of advanced melanoma and renal cell carcinoma patients, which translates into durable remissions in up to half of the responsers. Unfortunately the use of IL-2 has been associated with severe toxicity and death. It has been previously observed and reported that IL-2 therapy causes a major drop in circulating levels of ascorbic acid (AA). The IL-2 induced toxicity shares many features with sepsis such as capillary leakage, systemic complement activation, and a relatively non-specific rise in inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein, and in advanced cases organ failure. Animal models and clinical studies have shown rapid depletion of AA in conditions of sepsis and amelioration associated with administration of AA (JTM 9:1-7, 2011). In contrast to other approaches to dealing with IL-2 toxicity, which may also interfere with therapeutic effects, AA possesses the added advantage of having direct antitumor activity through cytotoxic mechanisms and suppression of angiogenesis. Here we present a scientific rationale to support the assessment of intravenous AA as an adjuvant to decrease IL-2 mediated toxicity and possibly increase treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andy J Kim
- Batu Biologics, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Doru T Alexandrescu
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Constantin A Dasanu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Boris Minev
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - James Koropatnick
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Servillo L, D'Onofrio N, Longobardi L, Sirangelo I, Giovane A, Cautela D, Castaldo D, Giordano A, Balestrieri ML. Stachydrine ameliorates high-glucose induced endothelial cell senescence and SIRT1 downregulation. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2522-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Servillo
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples; Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples; Italy
| | - Lara Longobardi
- Department of Pediatrics; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill; North Carolina; 27599
| | - Ivana Sirangelo
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples; Italy
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples; Italy
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA); Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria; RC; Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA); Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria; RC; Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples; Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marfella R, Rizzo MR, Siniscalchi M, Paolisso P, Barbieri M, Sardu C, Savinelli A, Angelico N, Del Gaudio S, Esposito N, Rambaldi PF, D'Onofrio N, Mansi L, Mauro C, Paolisso G, Balestrieri ML. Peri-procedural tight glycemic control during early percutaneous coronary intervention up-regulates endothelial progenitor cell level and differentiation during acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: effects on myocardial salvage. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3954-62. [PMID: 23876463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the effects of peri-procedural intensive glycemic control during early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the number and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and myocardial salvage (MS) in hyperglycemic patients with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a randomized, prospective, open label study on 194 patients with STEMI undergoing PCI: 88 normoglycemic patients (glucose < 140 mg/dl) served as the control group. Hyperglycemic patients (glucose ≥140 mg/dl) were randomized to intensive glycemic control (IGC) for almost 24 h after PCI (n = 54; 80-140 mg/dl) or conventional glycemic control (CGC, n = 52; 180-200 mg/dl). EPC number, differentiation, and SIRT1expression were assessed immediately before, 24 h, 7, 30 and 180 days after PCI. The primary end point of the study was salvage index, measured as the proportion of initial perfusion defect (acute technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy, performed 5 to 7 days after STEMI) and myocardium salvaged by therapy (6 months after STEMI). Hyperglycemic patients had lower EPC number and differentiation and lower SIRT1 levels than normoglycemic patients (P < 0.01). After the insulin infusion, mean plasma glucose during peri-procedural period was greater in CGC group than in IGC group (P < 0.001). The EPC number, their capability to differentiate, and SIRT1 levels were significantly higher in IGC group than in CGC, peaking after 24 h (P < 0.01). In the IGC group, the salvage index was greater than in patients treated with CGC (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Optimal peri-procedural glycemic control, by increasing EPC number and their capability to differentiate, may improve the myocardial salvage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases Second University of Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harishkumar M, Masatoshi Y, Hiroshi S, Tsuyomu I, Masugi M. Revealing the mechanism of in vitro wound healing properties of Citrus tamurana extract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:963457. [PMID: 23738336 PMCID: PMC3659433 DOI: 10.1155/2013/963457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, we examined the effect of Hyuganatsu (Citrus tamurana) extract (HE) on skin fibroblast (TIG-119) proliferation and migration during in vitro wound healing. HE selectively inhibited proliferation of TIG-119 cells at higher concentration (>1.0 mg/mL); at lower concentrations (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mg/mL), it exhibited linear and time-dependent cell proliferation. In vitro scratch wound healing studies showed that the HE also accelerated the migration of cells towards the wounded region. Cytometric analysis demonstrated that HE extract did not alter G1/0 and S phases of cell cycle in any concentration studied; however, G2/M phases of cell cycle were significantly (P < 0.05) accelerated at 0.75 mg/mL dose. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis indicated that HE markedly overexpressed levels of Rac-1, Rho-A, and Cdc-42 mRNA and the respective proteins. Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk-1 and -2) gene expression activity was significantly (P < 0.05) increased, but protein content decreased during treatment with HE. The induction of Cdk-1 and -2 by HE was abolished by inhibitors, transcription (DRB), and translation (CHX), implying transcriptional regulation that required de novo protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhyastha Harishkumar
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balestrieri ML, Servillo L, Esposito A, D'Onofrio N, Giovane A, Casale R, Barbieri M, Paolisso P, Rizzo MR, Paolisso G, Marfella R. Poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients reduces endothelial progenitor cell number by influencing SIRT1 signalling via platelet-activating factor receptor activation. Diabetologia 2013; 56:162-72. [PMID: 23070058 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Downregulation of levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) during in-vitro short-term exposure to high glucose concentrations relates to reduced activity of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and increased synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF). We investigated the possible relationship between PAF and SIRT1 pathways in EPCs during altered glucose homeostasis. METHODS SIRT1 and PAF receptor (PAF-R) levels were determined by western blot, RT-PCR and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. In-vivo experiments were performed on 48 type 2 diabetic patients (25 with poor glycaemic control and 23 with good glycaemic control) and 20 control individuals. In-vitro experiments with the PAF-R antagonist CV3988 were performed on EPCs isolated from leucocyte-rich buffy coat of healthy human donors. RESULTS Decreased SIRT1 protein levels were observed in EPCs from type 2 diabetic patients compared with control individuals (p < 0.01). Notably, the SIRT1 level was consistently lower in patients with poor glycaemic control than in those with good glycaemic control (p < 0.01). Diabetic patients also showed an upregulation of PAF-Rs; this response occurred to a greater extent in individuals with poor glycaemic control than in those with good glycaemic control. In-vitro experiments confirmed that EPCs respond to PAF stimulation with decreased SIRT1 protein and SIRT1 mRNA levels. Moreover, reduction of SIRT1 levels and activity were abolished by CV3988. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings unveil a link between PAF and SIRT1 pathways in EPCs that contributes to the deleterious effect of hyperglycaemia on the functional properties of EPCs, crucial in diabetes and peripheral vascular complications.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Adult Stem Cells/drug effects
- Adult Stem Cells/metabolism
- Adult Stem Cells/pathology
- Aged
- Blood Buffy Coat/pathology
- Cell Count
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Hyperglycemia/etiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phospholipid Ethers/pharmacology
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/agonists
- Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sirtuin 1/genetics
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Balestrieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. de Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Evidence of Bacteroides fragilis protection from Bartonella henselae-induced damage. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49653. [PMID: 23166739 PMCID: PMC3499472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae is able to internalize endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are resistant to the infection of other common pathogens. Bacteroides fragilis is a gram-negative anaerobe belonging to the gut microflora. It protects from experimental colitis induced by Helicobacter hepaticus through the polysaccharide A (PSA). The aim of our study was to establish: 1) whether B. fragilis colonization could protect from B. henselae infection; if this event may have beneficial effects on EPCs, vascular system and tissues. Our in vitro results establish for the first time that B. fragilis can internalize EPCs and competes with B. henselae during coinfection. We observed a marked activation of the inflammatory response by Real-time PCR and ELISA in coinfected cells compared to B. henselae-infected cells (63 vs 23 up-regulated genes), and after EPCs infection with mutant B. fragilis ΔPSA (≅90% up-regulated genes) compared to B. fragilis. Interestingly, in a mouse model of coinfection, morphological and ultrastructural analyses by hematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy on murine tissues revealed that damages induced by B. henselae can be prevented in the coinfection with B. fragilis but not with its mutant B. fragilis ΔPSA. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analysis with anti-Bartonella showed that the number of positive cells per field decreased of at least 50% in the liver (20±4 vs 50±8), aorta (5±1 vs 10±2) and spleen (25±3 vs 40±6) sections of mice coinfected compared to mice infected only with B. henselae. This decrease was less evident in the coinfection with ΔPSA strain (35±6 in the liver, 5±1 in the aorta and 30±5 in the spleen). Finally, B. fragilis colonization was also able to restore the EPC decrease observed in mice infected with B. henselae (0.65 vs 0.06 media). Thus, our data establish that B. fragilis colonization is able to prevent B. henselae damages through PSA.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gremmels H, Fledderus JO, van Balkom BWM, Verhaar MC. Transcriptome analysis in endothelial progenitor cell biology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1029-42. [PMID: 20812873 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is a promising new treatment option for cardiovascular diseases. Many of the underlying mechanisms that result in an improvement of endothelial function in vivo remain poorly elucidated to this date, however. We summarize the current positions and potential applications of gene-expression profiling in the field of EPC biology. Based on our own and published gene-expression data, we demonstrate that gene-expression profiling can efficiently be used to characterize different EPC types. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of gene-expression profiling for the analysis of changes that EPCs undergo during culture and examine changes in gene transcription in diseased patients. Transcriptome profiling is a powerful tool for the characterization and functional analysis of EPCs in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Gremmels
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cheng YH, Yang SH, Yang KC, Chen MP, Lin FH. The effects of ferulic acid on nucleus pulposus cells under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
19
|
Bioactive antioxidant mixtures promote proliferation and migration on human oral fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:812-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
20
|
Crimi E, Taccone FS, Infante T, Scolletta S, Crudele V, Napoli C. Effects of intracellular acidosis on endothelial function: an overview. J Crit Care 2011; 27:108-18. [PMID: 21798701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium represents the largest functional organ in the human body playing an active role in vasoregulation, coagulation, inflammation, and microvascular permeability. Endothelium contributes to maintain vascular integrity, intravascular volume, and tissue oxygenation promoting inflammatory network response for local defense and repair. Acid-basis homeostasis is an important physiologic parameter that controls cell function, and changes in pH can influence vascular tone by regulating endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells. This review presents a current perspective of the effects of intracellular acidosis on the function and the basic regulatory mechanisms of endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Crimi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Shands Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mansilla E, Díaz Aquino V, Zambón D, Marin GH, Mártire K, Roque G, Ichim T, Riordan NH, Patel A, Sturla F, Larsen G, Spretz R, Núñez L, Soratti C, Ibar R, van Leeuwen M, Tau JM, Drago H, Maceira A. Could metabolic syndrome, lipodystrophy, and aging be mesenchymal stem cell exhaustion syndromes? Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:943216. [PMID: 21716667 PMCID: PMC3118295 DOI: 10.4061/2011/943216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most
important and complex diseases of modern society
is metabolic syndrome. This syndrome has not
been completely understood, and therefore an
effective treatment is not available yet. We
propose a possible stem cell mechanism involved
in the development of metabolic syndrome. This
way of thinking lets us consider also other
significant pathologies that could have similar
etiopathogenic pathways, like lipodystrophic
syndromes, progeria, and aging. All these
clinical situations could be the consequence of
a progressive and persistent stem cell
exhaustion syndrome (SCES). The main outcome of
this SCES would be an irreversible loss of the
effective regenerative mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) pools. In this way, the normal repairing
capacities of the organism could become
inefficient. Our point of view could open the
possibility for a new strategy of treatment in
metabolic syndrome, lipodystrophic syndromes,
progeria, and even aging: stem cell
therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mansilla
- Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapies Laboratory, CUCAIBA, Ministry of Health, Province of Buenos Aires, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ichim TE, Minev B, Braciak T, Luna B, Hunninghake R, Mikirova NA, Jackson JA, Gonzalez MJ, Miranda-Massari JR, Alexandrescu DT, Dasanu CA, Bogin V, Ancans J, Stevens RB, Markosian B, Koropatnick J, Chen CS, Riordan NH. Intravenous ascorbic acid to prevent and treat cancer-associated sepsis? J Transl Med 2011; 9:25. [PMID: 21375761 PMCID: PMC3061919 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of ascorbic acid (AA) and cancer has been marked with controversy. Clinical studies evaluating AA in cancer outcome continue to the present day. However, the wealth of data suggesting that AA may be highly beneficial in addressing cancer-associated inflammation, particularly progression to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multi organ failure (MOF), has been largely overlooked. Patients with advanced cancer are generally deficient in AA. Once these patients develop septic symptoms, a further decrease in ascorbic acid levels occurs. Given the known role of ascorbate in: a) maintaining endothelial and suppression of inflammatory markers; b) protection from sepsis in animal models; and c) direct antineoplastic effects, we propose the use of ascorbate as an adjuvant to existing modalities in the treatment and prevention of cancer-associated sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Ichim
- Department of Orthomolecular Studies, Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside, Wichita, Kansas, 67210, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
| | - Boris Minev
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Todd Braciak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
- Department of Immunology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, La Jolla, California,92121, USA
| | - Brandon Luna
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
| | - Ron Hunninghake
- Department of Orthomolecular Studies, Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside, Wichita, Kansas, 67210, USA
| | - Nina A Mikirova
- Department of Orthomolecular Studies, Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside, Wichita, Kansas, 67210, USA
| | - James A Jackson
- Department of Orthomolecular Studies, Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside, Wichita, Kansas, 67210, USA
| | - Michael J Gonzalez
- Department of Human Development, Nutrition Program, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, 00936-5067, PR
| | - Jorge R Miranda-Massari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Pharmacy, San Juan, 00936-5067, PR
| | - Doru T Alexandrescu
- Department of Experimental Studies, Georgetown Dermatology, 3301 New Mexico Ave, Washington DC, 20018, USA
| | - Constantin A Dasanu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Connecticut, 115 North Eagleville Road, Hartford, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Vladimir Bogin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
| | - Janis Ancans
- Department of Surgery, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd, Riga, LV 1586, Latvia
| | - R Brian Stevens
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology, and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42nd and Emile, Omaha, Nebraska, 86198, USA
| | - Boris Markosian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
| | - James Koropatnick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Oncology, Lawson Health Research Institute and The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N2G 3M5, Canada
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University,24851 Circle Dr, Loma Linda, California, 92354, USA
| | - Neil H Riordan
- Department of Orthomolecular Studies, Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside, Wichita, Kansas, 67210, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marin C, Ramirez R, Delgado-Lista J, Yubero-Serrano EM, Perez-Martinez P, Carracedo J, Garcia-Rios A, Rodriguez F, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Gomez P, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Mediterranean diet reduces endothelial damage and improves the regenerative capacity of endothelium. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:267-74. [PMID: 21123460 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is a fundamental step in the atherosclerotic disease process. Activation or injury of the endothelium leads to a variety of inflammatory disorders, including the release of microparticles. Endothelial progenitor cells may contribute to the maintenance of the endothelium by replacing injured mature endothelial cells. OBJECTIVE We studied the influence of dietary fat on the release of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in elderly subjects. DESIGN Twenty healthy, elderly subjects (10 men and 10 women) consumed 3 diets following a randomized crossover design, each for 4 wk: a saturated fatty acid diet; a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet; and a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids. We investigated total microparticles, EMPs from activated endothelial cells (activated EMPs), EMPs from apoptotic endothelial cells (apoptotic EMPs), EPCs, oxidative stress variables, and ischemic reactive hyperemia (IRH). RESULTS The MedDiet led to lower total microparticle, activated EMP, and apoptotic EMP concentrations and higher EPC numbers than did the other diets (P < 0.001). We detected lower superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.001), a higher plasma β-carotene concentration (P < 0.001), and lower urinary isoprostane and plasma nitrotyrosine concentrations after consumption of the MedDiet than after consumption of the other 2 diets (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the occurrence of IRH was higher after consumption of the MedDiet than after consumption of the other 2 diets (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Consumption of the MedDiet induces a reduction in endothelial damage and dysfunction, which is associated with an improvement in the regenerative capacity of the endothelium, in comparison with 2 other diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marin
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Napoli C, Hayashi T, Cacciatore F, Casamassimi A, Casini C, Al-Omran M, Ignarro LJ. Endothelial progenitor cells as therapeutic agents in the microcirculation: an update. Atherosclerosis 2010; 215:9-22. [PMID: 21126740 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review evaluates novel beneficial effects of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as shown by several preclinical studies and clinical trials carried out to test the safety and feasibility of using EPCs. There are 31 registered clinical trials (and many others still ongoing) and 19 published studies. EPCs originate in the bone marrow and migrate into the bloodstream where they undergo a differentiation program leading to major changes in their antigenic characteristics. EPCs lose typical progenitor markers and acquire endothelial markers, and two important receptors, (VEGFR and CXCR-4), which recruit circulating EPCs to damaged or ischemic microcirculatory (homing to damaged tissues) beds. Overall, therapeutic angiogenesis will likely change the face of regenerative medicine in the next decade with many patients worldwide predicted to benefit from these treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- Department of General Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology and Excellence Research Center on Cardiovascular Diseases, 1st School of Medicine, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Costa V, Sommese L, Casamassimi A, Colicchio R, Angelini C, Marchesano V, Milone L, Farzati B, Giovane A, Fiorito C, Rienzo M, Picardi M, Avallone B, Marco Corsi M, Sarubbi B, Calabrò R, Salvatore P, Ciccodicola A, Napoli C. Impairment of circulating endothelial progenitors in Down syndrome. BMC Med Genomics 2010; 3:40. [PMID: 20836844 PMCID: PMC2949777 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological angiogenesis represents a critical issue in the progression of many diseases. Down syndrome is postulated to be a systemic anti-angiogenesis disease model, possibly due to increased expression of anti-angiogenic regulators on chromosome 21. The aim of our study was to elucidate some features of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in the context of this syndrome. METHODS Circulating endothelial progenitors of Down syndrome affected individuals were isolated, in vitro cultured and analyzed by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. ELISA was performed to measure SDF-1α plasma levels in Down syndrome and euploid individuals. Moreover, qRT-PCR was used to quantify expression levels of CXCL12 gene and of its receptor in progenitor cells. The functional impairment of Down progenitors was evaluated through their susceptibility to hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress with BODIPY assay and the major vulnerability to the infection with human pathogens. The differential expression of crucial genes in Down progenitor cells was evaluated by microarray analysis. RESULTS We detected a marked decrease of progenitors' number in young Down individuals compared to euploid, cell size increase and some major detrimental morphological changes. Moreover, Down syndrome patients also exhibited decreased SDF-1α plasma levels and their progenitors had a reduced expression of SDF-1α encoding gene and of its membrane receptor. We further demonstrated that their progenitor cells are more susceptible to hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress and infection with Bartonella henselae. Further, we observed that most of the differentially expressed genes belong to angiogenesis, immune response and inflammation pathways, and that infected progenitors with trisomy 21 have a more pronounced perturbation of immune response genes than infected euploid cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidences for a reduced number and altered morphology of endothelial progenitor cells in Down syndrome, also showing the higher susceptibility to oxidative stress and to pathogen infection compared to euploid cells, thereby confirming the angiogenesis and immune response deficit observed in Down syndrome individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A, Buzzati-Traverso, IGB-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Martinez EC, Wang J, Gan SU, Singh R, Lee CN, Kofidis T. Ascorbic acid improves embryonic cardiomyoblast cell survival and promotes vascularization in potential myocardial grafts in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1349-61. [PMID: 19908964 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ restoration via cell therapy and tissue transplantation is limited by impaired graft survival. We tested the hypothesis that ascorbic acid (AA) reduces cell death in myocardial grafts both in vitro and in vivo and introduced a new model of autologous graft vascularization for later transplantation. Luciferase (Fluc)- and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing H9C2 cardiomyoblasts were seeded in gelatin scaffolds to form myocardial artificial grafts (MAGs). MAGs were supplemented with AA (5 or 50 mumol/L) or plain growth medium. Bioluminescence imaging showed increased cell photon emission from day 1 to 5 in grafts supplemented with 5 mumol/L (p < 0.001) and 50 mumol/L (p < 0.01) AA. The amount of apoptotic cells in plain MAGs was significantly higher than in AA-enriched grafts. In our in vitro model, AA also enhanced H9C2 cell myogenic differentiation. For in vivo studies, MAGs containing H9C2-GFP-Fluc cells and enriched with AA (n = 10) or phosphate-buffered saline (n = 10) were implanted in the renal pouch of Wistar rats. At day 6, postimplantation bioluminescence signals decreased by 74% of baseline in plain MAGs versus 36% in AA-enriched MAGs (p < 0.0001). AA grafts contained significantly higher amounts of blood vessels, GFP(+) donor cells, and endothelial cells. In this study, we identified AA as a potent supplement that improves cardiomyoblast survival and promotes neovascularization in bioartificial grafts.
Collapse
|
27
|
Rienzo M, Nagel J, Casamassimi A, Giovane A, Dietzel S, Napoli C. Mediator subunits: gene expression pattern, a novel transcript identification and nuclear localization in human endothelial progenitor cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2010; 1799:487-495. [PMID: 20493979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunits (MEDs) serve to promote the assembly, activation, and regeneration of transcription complexes on core promoters during the initiation and re-initiation phases of transcription. There are no studies on the Mediator complex during development of endothelial progenitors (EPCs). Here, we have analysed all known MEDs during the differentiation of EPCs, by expression profile studies at RNA level and, for a limited subset of MED subunits, also at protein level. Since beneficial effects of L-arginine on EPCs have been described, we have also examined its effect on the expression of Mediator subunit coding genes. Through RT-PCR we have found increased expression for MED12 and decreased levels for MED30 after l-arginine treatment; Western blot analysis do not agree entirely with the RNA data in the identification of a putative protein product. Furthermore, we have analysed the three-dimensional nuclear positions of MED12 and MED30 genes in the presence of l-arginine treatment. Our major finding is the identification of a novel transcript of MED30, termed MED30 short (MED30s) generating by alternative splicing. Our results showed that the mRNA of this novel isoform is present only in circulating cells, but it is not expressed in cultured adherent cells. These findings are broadly relevant and will contribute to our understanding of the role of Mediator in eukaryotic gene expression. Despite the need to confirm the in vivo presence of the protein of this novel isoform, the presence of this novel RNA raises the possibility of regulating pathophysiological mechanism in progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rienzo
- Department of General Pathology, 1st School of Medicine, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Everaert BR, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Hoymans VY, Haine SE, Van Nassauw L, Conraads VM, Timmermans JP, Vrints CJ. Current perspective of pathophysiological and interventional effects on endothelial progenitor cell biology: focus on PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway. Int J Cardiol 2010; 144:350-66. [PMID: 20444511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis. EPCs are believed to reside within the bone marrow in close contact with surrounding stromal cells, and, under stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, EPCs are mobilized out of the bone marrow. Hereafter circulating EPCs home to peripheral tissues, undergoing further proliferation and differentiation. Under certain pathophysiologic conditions this process seems to be blunted, resulting in a reduced capacity of EPCs to engage in vasculogenesis at sites of endothelial injury or tissue ischemia. In this review, we focus on the effects of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on EPC biology and we explore whether pharmacological, dietary and lifestyle interventions can favorably restore EPC mobilization, differentiation, homing and angiogenic properties. Because the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway plays a pivotal role in the process of EPC mobilization, migration and homing, we specifically emphasize the involvement of PI3K, Akt and eNOS in EPC biology under these different (patho)physiologic conditions. (Pre)clinically used drugs or lifestyle interventions that have been shown to ameliorate EPC biology are reviewed. These treatment strategies remain attractive targets to restore the regenerative capacity of EPCs in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bert R Everaert
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Relationship between circulating progenitor cells, vascular function and oxidative stress with long-term training and short-term detraining in older men. Clin Sci (Lond) 2010; 118:303-11. [PMID: 19723023 DOI: 10.1042/cs20090253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exercise may contribute to the maintenance of vascular function via enhanced liberation and action of bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells. Activity related changes in oxidative stress may also influence the number and function of these cells. In the present study, we sought to determine (i) whether adaptations in reactive hyperaemic FBF (forearm blood flow) response associated with long-term endurance exercise and short-term detraining were related to resting putative progenitor cell number and function, and (ii) whether oxidative stress affected these factors. Participants included men with a history of more than 30 years of moderate-to-high intensity exercise (HI group) and healthy low-active age- and BMI (body mass index)-matched control subjects (LO group). Vascular reactive hyperaemic FBF response, resting CD34+ and CD34+/VEGFR2+ (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2+] cell number, CFU-EC (colony forming unit-endothelial cell) count and CFU-EC senescence were evaluated. Oxidative stress measures included OxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and TAC (total antioxidant capacity).These measures were assessed following 10 days of detraining in the HI group. The HI group had greater peak reactive hyperaemic FBF responses compared with the LO group, despite no difference in resting CD34+ cell number, CD34+/VEGFR2+ cell number, CFU-EC colonies or CFU-EC senescence. With detraining in the HI group, CD34+ cells declined 44 %, and the percentage change in CD34+/VEGFR2+ cells was positively correlated with the change in FBF response to reactive hyperaemia. The percentage change in CD34+/VEGFR2+ cells and the percentage change in EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) senescence with detraining were related to the percentage change in TAC. These results reveal that changes in reactive hyperaemic FBF are closely related to activity dependent dynamic changes in CD34+/VEGFR2+ cell number, which may be influenced by alterations in oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mikirova NA, Jackson JA, Hunninghake R, Kenyon J, Chan KWH, Swindlehurst CA, Minev B, Patel AN, Murphy MP, Smith L, Alexandrescu DT, Ichim TE, Riordan NH. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells: a new approach to anti-aging medicine? J Transl Med 2009; 7:106. [PMID: 20003528 PMCID: PMC2804590 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with major causes of morbidity and mortality, as well as numerous age-related conditions. The possibility of preserving or even rejuvenating endothelial function offers a potent means of preventing/treating some of the most fearful aspects of aging such as loss of mental, cardiovascular, and sexual function. Endothelial precursor cells (EPC) provide a continual source of replenishment for damaged or senescent blood vessels. In this review we discuss the biological relevance of circulating EPC in a variety of pathologies in order to build the case that these cells act as an endogenous mechanism of regeneration. Factors controlling EPC mobilization, migration, and function, as well as therapeutic interventions based on mobilization of EPC will be reviewed. We conclude by discussing several clinically-relevant approaches to EPC mobilization and provide preliminary data on a food supplement, Stem-Kine, which enhanced EPC mobilization in human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Mikirova
- Bio-Communications Research Institute, Wichita, Kansas, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|