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Novel Chitosan Derivatives and Their Multifaceted Biological Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a rather attractive material, especially because of its bio-origins as well as generation from exoskeletal waste. As the mantle has been effectively transferred from chitin to chitosan, so has it been extrapolated to in-house synthesized novel chitosan derivatives. This review comprehensively lists the available novel chitosan derivatives (ChDs) and summarizes their biological applications. The fact that chitosan derivatives do comprise multifaceted biological applications is attested by the voluminous reports on their varied contributions. However, this review points out to the fact that there has been selective focus on bio functions such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, whereas other biomedical applications and antiviral applications remain relatively less explored. With their current functionality record, there is definitely no doubt that the plethora of synthesized ChDs will have a profound impact on the unexplored biological aspects. This review points out this lacuna as room for future exploration.
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Mathew GM, Ulaeto SB, Reshmy R, Sukumaran RK, Binod P, Pandey A, Sindhu R. Chitosan Derivatives: Properties and Applications. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Oliveira ACDJ, Chaves LL, Ribeiro FDOS, de Lima LRM, Oliveira TC, García-Villén F, Viseras C, de Paula RCM, Rolim-Neto PJ, Hallwass F, Silva-Filho EC, Alves da Silva D, Soares-Sobrinho JL, Soares MFDLR. Microwave-initiated rapid synthesis of phthalated cashew gum for drug delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117226. [PMID: 33357841 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of polysaccharides is an important approach for their transformation into customized matrices that suit different applications. Microwave irradiation (MW) has been used to catalyze chemical reactions. This study developed a method of MW-initiated synthesis for the production of phthalated cashew gum (Phat-CG). The structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of the modified biopolymers were investigated by FTIR, GPC, 1H NMR, relaxometry, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, XRD, degree of substitution, and solubility. Phat-CG was used as a matrix for drug delivery systems using benznidazole (BNZ) as a model drug. BNZ is used in the pharmacotherapy of Chagas disease. The nanoparticles were characterized by size, PDI, zeta potential, AFM, and in vitro release. The nanoparticles had a size of 288.8 nm, PDI of 0.27, and zeta potential of -31.8 mV. The results showed that Phat-CG has interesting and promising properties as a new alternative for improving the treatment of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônia Carla de Jesus Oliveira
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates - NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luíse Lopes Chaves
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates - NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thaisa Cardoso Oliveira
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates - NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fátima García-Villén
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - César Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC - UGR, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Regina C M de Paula
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Rolim-Neto
- Laboratory of Technology of Medicines - LTM, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hallwass
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Edson C Silva-Filho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials - LIMAV, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Durcilene Alves da Silva
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology - BIOTEC, Federal University of Delta of Parnaiba, Parnaiba, PI, Brazil
| | - José Lamartine Soares-Sobrinho
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates - NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates - NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Kumar R, Sirvi A, Kaur S, Samal SK, Roy S, Sangamwar AT. Polymeric micelles based on amphiphilic oleic acid modified carboxymethyl chitosan for oral drug delivery of bcs class iv compound: Intestinal permeability and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 153:105466. [PMID: 32673792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of chitosan derivatives with hydrophobic fatty acids to enhance their self-aggregation behavior is well established. Previously our group reported low molecular weight carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) which showed enhancement in apparent permeability of hydrophobic drug, tamoxifen. Further extension to this work, herein we synthesize a new polymer of oleic acid grafted low molecular weight carboxymethyl chitosan (OA-CMCS) for maneuvering biopharmaceutical performance of poorly water soluble drugs. This polymer was designed and synthesized via amidation reaction and well characterized by analytical tools like 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. OA-CMCS conjugate easily self-organized into micelles like structure in an aqueous medium and showed a low critical micellar concentration of 1 µg/mL. Poorly water-soluble drug, docetaxel (DTX) was used as a model drug in this study. Optimization of variables resulted in the formation of spherical DTX loaded OA-CMCS micelles in the size range of 213.4 ± 9.6 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 57.26 ± 1.25%. DTX loaded OA-CMCS micelles showed slow and sustained DTX release behavior in simulated body fluid during in vitro release study. The permeability of DTX loaded OA-CMCS micelles across the gastrointestinal tract were investigated by in vitro Caco-2 cells model. The apparent permeability of DTX loaded OA-CMCS micelles improved up to 6.57-fold in comparison to free DTX suspension which indicates the increase in paracellular absorption of DTX. Additionally, in vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrates an increase in Cmax (1.97-fold) and AUC (2.62-fold) for DTX loaded OA-CMCS micelles compared to free DTX suspension. Hence, we propose OA-CMCS as a promising cargo to incorporate drugs for enhancement of biopharmaceutical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Arvind Sirvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Shamandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sanjaya K Samal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sabyasachi Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Xinxin Sang, Zhang M, Wen Q, Shi G, Zhang L, Ni C. Preparation of Drug-Eluting Microspheres Based on Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network of Modified Chitosan and Poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Developments in Taste-Masking Techniques for Traditional Chinese Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030157. [PMID: 30213035 PMCID: PMC6161181 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pharmacologically active substances, including chemotherapeutic drugs and the substances from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), always exhibit potent bioactivities after oral administration. However, their unpleasant taste (such as bitterness) and/or odor always decrease patient compliance and thus compromise their curative efficacies in clinical application. Therefore, the developments of taste-masking techniques are of great significance in improving their organoleptic properties. However, though a variety of taste-masking techniques have been successfully used to mask the unpalatable taste of chemotherapeutic drugs, their suitability for TCM substances is relatively limited. This is mainly due to the fact that the bitter ingredients existing in multicomponent TCM systems (i.e., effective fractions, single Chinese herbs, and compound preparations) are always unclear, and thus, there is lack of tailor-made taste-masking techniques to be utilized to conceal their unpleasant taste. The relevant studies are also relatively limited. As a whole, three types of taste-masking techniques are generally applied to TCM, including (i) functional masking via sweeteners, bitter blockers, and taste modifiers; (ii) physical masking via polymer film-coating or lipid barrier systems; and (iii) biochemical masking via intermolecular interaction, β-cyclodextrin inclusion, or ion-exchange resins. This review fully summarizes the results reported in this field with the purpose of providing an informative reference for relevant readers.
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Mohsin MA, Haik Y, Abdulrehman T. Glucose-Mediated Insulin Release Carrier. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wong CY, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. Microparticles, microcapsules and microspheres: A review of recent developments and prospects for oral delivery of insulin. Int J Pharm 2017; 537:223-244. [PMID: 29288095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic health disease affecting the homeostasis of blood sugar levels. However, subcutaneous injection of insulin can lead to patient non-compliance, discomfort, pain and local infection. Sub-micron sized drug delivery systems have gained attention in oral delivery of insulin for diabetes treatment. In most of the recent literature, the terms "microparticles" and "nanoparticle" refer to particles where the dimensions of the particle are measured in micrometers and nanometers respectively. For instance, insulin-loaded particles are defined as microparticles with size larger than 1 μm by most of the research groups. The size difference between nanoparticles and microparticles proffers numerous effects on the drug loading efficiency, aggregation, permeability across the biological membranes, cell entry and tissue retention. For instance, microparticulate drug delivery systems have demonstrated a number of advantages including protective effect against enzymatic degradation, enhancement of peptide stability, site-specific and controlled drug release. Compared to nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, microparticulate formulations can facilitate oral absorption of insulin by paracellular, transcellular and lymphatic routes. In this article, we review the current status of microparticles, microcapsules and microspheres for oral administration of insulin. A number of novel techniques including layer-by-layer coating, self-polymerisation of shell, nanocomposite microparticulate drug delivery system seem to be promising for enhancing the oral bioavailability of insulin. This review draws several conclusions for future directions and challenges to be addressed for optimising the properties of microparticulate drug formulations and enhancing their hypoglycaemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Y Wong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia.
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Harloff-Helleberg S, Nielsen LH, Nielsen HM. Animal models for evaluation of oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals. J Control Release 2017; 268:57-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ni J, Tian F, Dahmani FZ, Yang H, Yue D, He S, Zhou J, Yao J. Curcumin-carboxymethyl chitosan (CNC) conjugate and CNC/LHR mixed polymeric micelles as new approaches to improve the oral absorption of P-gp substrate drugs. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3424-3435. [PMID: 27198856 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1189625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The low oral bioavailability of numerous drugs has been mostly attributed to the significant effect of P-gp-mediated efflux on intestinal drug transport. Herein, we developed mixed polymeric micelles (MPMs) comprised of curcumin-carboxymethyl chitosan (CNC) conjugate, as a potential inhibitor of P-gp-mediated efflux and gastrointestinal absorption enhancer, and low-molecular-weight heparin-all-trans-retinoid acid (LHR) conjugate, as loading material, with the aim to improve the oral absorption of P-gp substrate drugs. CNC conjugate was synthesized by chemical bonding of curcumin (Cur) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) taking advantage of the inhibition of intestinal P-gp-mediated secretion by Cur and the intestinal absorption enhancement by CMCS. The chemical structure of CNC conjugate was characterized by 1H NMR with a degree of substitution of Cur of 4.52-10.20%. More importantly, CNC conjugate markedly improved the stability of Cur in physiological pH. Cyclosporine A-loaded CNC/LHR MPMs (CsA-CNC/LHR MPMs) were prepared by dialysis method, with high drug loading 25.45% and nanoscaled particle size (∼200 nm). In situ single-pass perfusion studies in rats showed that both CsA + CNC mixture and CsA-CNC/LHR MPMs achieved significantly higher Ka and Peff than CsA suspension in the duodenum and jejunum segments (p < 0.01), which was comparable to verapamil coperfusion effect. Similarly, CsA + CNC mixture and CsA-CNC/LHR MPMs significantly increased the oral bioavailability of CsA as compared to CsA suspension. These results suggest that CNC conjugate might be considered as a promising gastrointestinal absorption enhancer, while CNC/LHR MPMs had the potential to improve the oral absorption of P-gp substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ni
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
| | - Fengchun Tian
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
| | - Fatima Zohra Dahmani
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
| | - Hui Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
| | - Deren Yue
- b Shandong Dyne Marine Biopharmaceutical Co, Ltd , Beijing , China
| | - Shuwang He
- b Shandong Dyne Marine Biopharmaceutical Co, Ltd , Beijing , China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
| | - Jing Yao
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China and
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Ahmed TA, Aljaeid BM. Preparation, characterization, and potential application of chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and chitosan metal nanoparticles in pharmaceutical drug delivery. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:483-507. [PMID: 26869768 PMCID: PMC4734734 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s99651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polymers, particularly of the polysaccharide type, have been used pharmaceutically for the delivery of a wide variety of therapeutic agents. Chitosan, the second abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide next to cellulose, is a biocompatible and biodegradable mucoadhesive polymer that has been extensively used in the preparation of micro-as well as nanoparticles. The prepared particles have been exploited as a potential carrier for different therapeutic agents such as peptides, proteins, vaccines, DNA, and drugs for parenteral and nonparenteral administration. Therapeutic agent-loaded chitosan micro- or nanoparticles were found to be more stable, permeable, and bioactive. In this review, we are highlighting the different methods of preparation and characterization of chitosan micro- and nanoparticles, while reviewing the pharmaceutical applications of these particles in drug delivery. Moreover, the roles of chitosan derivatives and chitosan metal nanoparticles in drug delivery have been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bader M Aljaeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Al Rubeaan K, Rafiullah M, Jayavanth S. Oral insulin delivery systems using chitosan-based formulation: a review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:223-37. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1107543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Oral insulin able to induce an efficient antihyperglycemic effect either to replace or complement diabetes mellitus therapy is the major goal of health providers, governments and diabetic patients. Oral therapy is associated not only with the desire to exclude needles from the daily routine of diabetic patient but also with the physiological provision of insulin they would get. Despite numerous efforts over the past few decades to develop insulin delivery systems, there is still no commercially available oral insulin. The reasons why the formulations developed to administer insulin orally fail to reach clinical trials are critically discussed in this review. The principal features of nanoformulations used so far are also addressed as well as the undergoing clinical trials.
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Jose S, Fangueiro JF, Smitha J, Cinu TA, Chacko AJ, Premaletha K, Souto EB. Predictive modeling of insulin release profile from cross-linked chitosan microspheres. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 60:249-53. [PMID: 23313633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-loaded microspheres composed of chitosan 3% (w/v), and loading 120 IU insulin were produced by emulsion cross-linking method. Cross-linking time was 5 h and glutaraldehyde 3.5% (v/v) was used as cross-linker. Swelling ratio studies were evaluated to predict release of insulin from chitosan microspheres. Bacitracin and sodium taurocholate were incorporated in the formulations as proteolytic enzyme inhibitor and absorption enhancer, respectively. In vitro insulin release studies were performed in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and also in HCl pH 2 with and without trypsin. Activity of bacitracin was also evaluated. In vitro release showed a controlled profile up to 12 h and the formulation containing 0.15% (w/v) of bacitracin revealed a maximum biological activity of about 49.1 ± 4.1%. Mathematical modeling using Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas suggested a non-Fickian diffusion as the mechanism of insulin release. Insulin-loaded chitosan microspheres for oral delivery showed to be an innovative and reliable delivery system to overcome conventional insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Cheruvandoor Campus, Ettumanoor 686 631, Kerala, India
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Jose S, Fangueiro JF, Smitha J, Cinu TA, Chacko AJ, Premaletha K, Souto EB. Cross-linked chitosan microspheres for oral delivery of insulin: Taguchi design and in vivo testing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 92:175-9. [PMID: 22221459 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-loaded chitosan microspheres were engineered by emulsion cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. Taguchi orthogonal method was applied to optimize the production time and reduce the number of experiments required to obtain an optimized formulation. Three variables were evaluated, i.e. chitosan and glutaraldehyde concentrations, and cross-linking time at three levels. The dependent variables were the mean particle size and the encapsulation efficiency. The optimal formulation was obtained with chitosan 3% (w/v), glutaraldehyde 3.5% (v/v), and cross-linking time of 5h, characterized by microspheres with a mean particle size of 29.5 μm, and insulin encapsulation efficiency of 71.6±1.3%. In vivo studies were carried out using male Wistar albino rats, revealing a significant reduction in blood glucose level after administration of the optimized formulation, in comparison to a subcutaneous insulin injection. Chitosan microspheres were superior in terms of sustaining protein release over conventional insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Ettumanoor, Kerala, India
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Ganguly K, Aminabhavi TM, Kulkarni AR. Colon Targeting of 5-Fluorouracil Using Polyethylene Glycol Cross-linked Chitosan Microspheres Enteric Coated with Cellulose Acetate Phthalate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie201623d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Ganguly
- SET’s College of Pharmacy, S.R. Nagar, Dharwad 580 002, India
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Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Drug Delivery Perspective. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jose S, Prema MT, Chacko AJ, Thomas AC, Souto EB. Colon specific chitosan microspheres for chronotherapy of chronic stable angina. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 83:277-83. [PMID: 21194900 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, chitosan microspheres with a mean diameter between 6.32 μm and 9.44 μm, were produced by emulsion cross-linking of chitosan, and tested for chronotherapy of chronic stable angina. Aiming at developing a suitable colon specific strategy, diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ) was encapsulated in the microspheres, following Eudragit S-100 coating by solvent evaporation technique, exploiting the advantages of microbiological properties of chitosan and pH dependent solubility of Eudragit S-100. Different microsphere formulations were prepared varying the ratio DTZ:chitosan (1:2 to 1:10), stirring speed (1000-2000 rpm), and the concentration of emulsifier Span 80 (0.5-1.5% (w/v)). The effect of these variables on the particle size and encapsulation parameters (production yield (PY), loading capacity (LC), encapsulation efficiency (EE)) was evaluated to develop an optimized formulation. In vitro release study of non-coated chitosan microspheres in simulated gastrointestinal (GI) fluid exhibited a burst release pattern in the first hour, whereas Eudragit S-100 coating allowed producing systems of controlled release diffusion fitting to the Higuchi model, and thus suitable for colon-specific drug delivery. DSC analysis indicated that DTZ was dispersed within the microspheres matrix. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microspheres were spherical and had a smooth surface. Chitosan biodegradability was proven by the enhanced release rate of DTZ in presence of rat caecal contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Cheruvandoor Campus, Ettumanoor-686 631, Kerala, India
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Malafaya PB, Oliveira JT, Reis RL. The effect of insulin-loaded chitosan particle-aggregated scaffolds in chondrogenic differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:735-47. [PMID: 19772454 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defect repair requires a tissue engineering approach that aims at mimicking the physiological properties and structure of two different tissues (cartilage and bone) using a scaffold-cell construct. One ideal approach would be to engineer in vitro a hybrid material using a single-cell source. For that purpose, the scaffold should be able to provide the adequate biochemical cues to promote the selective but simultaneous differentiation of both tissues. In this work, attention was paid primarily to the chondrogenic differentiation by focusing on the development of polymeric systems that provide biomolecules release to induce chondrogenic differentiation. For that, different formulations of insulin-loaded chitosan particle-aggregated scaffolds were developed as a potential model system for cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering applications using insulin as a potent bioactive substance known to induce chondrogenic differentiation. The insulin encapsulation efficiency was shown to be high with values of 70.37 +/- 0.8%, 84.26 +/- 1.76%, and 87.23 +/- 1.58% for loadings of 0.05%, 0.5%, and 5%, respectively. The in vitro release profiles were assessed in physiological conditions mimicking the cell culture procedures and quantified by Micro-BCA protein assay. Different release profiles were obtained that showed to be dependent on the initial insulin-loading percentage. Further, the effect on prechondrogenic ATDC5 cells was investigated for periods up to 4 weeks by studying the influence of these release systems on cell morphology, DNA and glycosaminoglycan content, histology, and gene expression of collagen types I and II, Sox-9, and aggrecan assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. When compared with control conditions (unloaded scaffolds cultured with the standard chondrogenic-inducing medium), insulin-loaded scaffolds upregulated the Sox-9 and aggrecan expression after 4 weeks of culture. From the overall results, it is reasonable to conclude that the developed loaded scaffolds when seeded with ATDC5 can provide biochemical cues for chondrogenic differentiation. Among the tested formulations, the higher insulin-loaded system (5%) was the most effective in promoting chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia B Malafaya
- 1 3B's Research Group, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Akamatsu K, Chen W, Suzuki Y, Ito T, Nakao A, Sugawara T, Kikuchi R, Nakao SI. Preparation of monodisperse chitosan microcapsules with hollow structures using the SPG membrane emulsification technique. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:14854-14860. [PMID: 20718480 DOI: 10.1021/la101967u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe herein successful preparations of monodisperse chitosan microcapsules with hollow structures using the SPG membrane emulsification technique. Two preparation procedures were examined in this study. In the first method, monodisperse calcium alginate microspheres were prepared and then coated with unmodified chitosan. Subsequently, tripolyphosphate treatment was conducted to physically cross-link chitosan and solubilize the alginate core at the same time. In the second method, photo-cross-linkable chitosan was coated onto the monodisperse calcium alginate microspheres, followed by UV irradiation to chemically cross-link the chitosan shell and tripolyphosphate treatment to solubilize the core. For both methods, it was determined that the average diameters of the chitosan microcapsules depended on those of the calcium alginate microparticles and that the microcapsules have hollow structures. In addition, the first physical cross-linking method using tripolyphosphate was found to be preferable to obtain the hollow structure, compared with the second method using chemical cross-linking by UV irradiation. This was because of the difference in the resistance to permeation of the solubilized alginate through the chitosan shell layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Akamatsu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Akamatsu K, Kaneko D, Sugawara T, Kikuchi R, Nakao SI. Three Preparation Methods for Monodispersed Chitosan Microspheres Using the Shirasu Porous Glass Membrane Emulsification Technique and Mechanisms of Microsphere Formation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901821s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Akamatsu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daisaku Kaneko
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugawara
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kikuchi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Nakao
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Ubaidulla U, Khar RK, Ahmed FJ, Panda AK. Development and in-vivo evaluation of insulin-loaded chitosan phthalate microspheres for oral delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:1345-51. [PMID: 17910808 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.10.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Novel chitosan phthalate microspheres containing insulin were prepared by emulsion cross-linking technique. The feasibility of these microspheres as oral insulin delivery carriers was evaluated. The pH-responsive release behaviour of insulin from microspheres was analysed. The ability of chitosan phthalate-insulin microspheres to enhance intestinal absorption and improve the relative pharmacological availability of insulin was investigated by monitoring the plasma glucose and insulin level of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after oral administration of microspheres at insulin dose of 20 IU kg−1. In simulated gastric fluid (pH 2.0), insulin release from the microspheres was very slow. However, as the pH of the medium was changed to simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4), a rapid release of insulin occurred. The relative pharmacological efficacy for chitosan phthalate microspheres (18.66 ± 3.84%) was almost four-fold higher than the efficacy of the chitosan phthalate-insulin solution administration (4.08 ± 1.52%). Chitosan phthalate microspheres sustained the plasma glucose at pre-diabetic level for at least 16 h. These findings suggest that the microsphere is a promising carrier as oral insulin delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhumansha Ubaidulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India.
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Shah PP, Mashru RC. Influence of chitosan crosslinking on bitterness of mefloquine hydrochloride microparticles using central composite design. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:690-703. [PMID: 18563807 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present work examines the influence of various process and product parameters on mefloquine hydrochloride (MFL) entrapped in crosslinked chitosan microparticles for masking the bitterness. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the effect of three process and product variables, namely amount of MFL, chitosan and sodium hydroxide (crosslinking agent) on the incorporation efficiency, particle size, drug release at pH 6.8 and bitterness score. The microparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation method, with a hardening time of 60 min. The optimum condition for process and product variables was evaluated using desirability function. The model is further cross validated for bias. The optimized microparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Bitterness score was evaluated by human gustatory sensation test. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the crosslinking of chitosan significantly affects incorporation efficiency, particle size, drug release and bitterness score. The bitterness score was decreased to zero compared to 3+ of pure MFL. It can be inferred that the proposed methodology can be used to prepare MFL microparticles for bitter taste masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit P Shah
- Pharmacy Department, Center of Relevance and Excellence in NDDS, Donor's Plaza, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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Ubaidulla U, Khar R, Ahmad F, Tripathi P. Optimization of Chitosan Succinate and Chitosan Phthalate Microspheres for Oral Delivery of Insulin using Response Surface Methodology. Pharm Dev Technol 2008; 14:96-105. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450802409461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shah PP, Mashru RC, Thakkar AR, Badhan AC. Effect of chitosan crosslinking on bitterness of artemether using response surface methodology. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60:421-7. [PMID: 18380913 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.4.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This work examines the influence of various process parameters on artemether entrapped in crosslinked chitosan microparticles for masking bitterness. A central composite design was used to optimize the experimental conditions for bitterness masking. Critical parameters such as the amounts of artemether, chitosan and crosslinking agent have been studied to evaluate how they affect responses such as incorporation efficiency, particle size and drug release at pH 6.8. The desirability function approach has been used to find the best compromise between the experimental results. The optimized microparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Bitterness score was evaluated by human gustatory sensation test. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the crosslinking of chitosan significantly affects incorporation efficiency, particle size and drug release at pH 6.8. The bitterness score of microparticles was decreased to 0, compared with 3+ for pure artemether. The proposed method completed masked the bitter taste of artemether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit P Shah
- Center of Relevance and Excellence in NDDS, Pharmacy Department, The M. S. University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara - 390 002, Gujarat, India
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