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Baroudi M, Rezk A, Daher M, Balmaceno-Criss M, Gregoryczyk JG, Sharma Y, McDonald CL, Diebo BG, Daniels AH. Management of traumatic spinal cord injury: A current concepts review of contemporary and future treatment. Injury 2024; 55:111472. [PMID: 38460480 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a condition leading to inflammation, edema, and dysfunction of the spinal cord, most commonly due to trauma, tumor, infection, or vascular disturbance. Symptoms include sensory and motor loss starting at the level of injury; the extent of damage depends on injury severity as detailed in the ASIA score. In the acute setting, maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) higher than 85 mmHg for up to 7 days following injury is preferred; although caution must be exercised when using vasopressors such as phenylephrine due to serious side effects such as pulmonary edema and death. Decompression surgery (DS) may theoretically relieve edema and reduce intraspinal pressure, although timing of surgery remains a matter of debate. Methylprednisolone (MP) is currently used due to its ability to reduce inflammation but more recent studies question its clinical benefits, especially with inconsistency in recommending it nationally and internationally. The choice of MP is further complicated by conflicting evidence for optimal timing to initiate treatment, and by the reported observation that higher doses are correlated with increased risk of complications. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone may be beneficial in less severe injuries. Finally, this review discusses many options currently being researched and have shown promising pre-clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makeen Baroudi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anna Rezk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mohammad Daher
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mariah Balmaceno-Criss
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jerzy George Gregoryczyk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yatharth Sharma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christopher L McDonald
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bassel G Diebo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alan H Daniels
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Ghaffari N, Mokhtari T, Adabi M, Ebrahimi B, Kamali M, Gholaminejhad M, Hassanzadeh G. Neurological recovery and neurogenesis by curcumin sustained-release system cross-linked with an acellular spinal cord scaffold in rat spinal cord injury: Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2669-2686. [PMID: 38500263 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In the context of treating spinal cord injury (SCI), the modulation of inflammatory responses, and the creation of a suitable region for tissue regeneration may present a promising approach. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin (Cur)-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (Cur-BSA NPs) cross-linked with an acellular spinal cord scaffold (ASCS) on the functional recovery in a rat model of SCI. We developed an ASCS using chemical and physical methods. Cur-BSA, and blank (B-BSA) NPs were fabricated and cross-linked with ASCS via EDC-NHS, resulting in the production of Cur-ASCS and B-ASCS. We assessed the properties of scaffolds and NPs as well as their cross-links. Finally, using a male rat hemisection model of SCI, we investigated the consequences of the resulting scaffolds. The inflammatory markers, neuroregeneration, and functional recovery were evaluated. Our results showed that Cur was efficiently entrapped at the rate of 42% ± 1.3 in the NPs. Compared to B-ASCS, Cur-ASCS showed greater effectiveness in the promotion of motor recovery. The implantation of both scaffolds could increase the migration of neural stem cells (Nestin- and GFAP-positive cells) following SCI with the superiority of Cur-ASCS. Cur-ASCS was successful to regulate the gene expression and protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, and Casp1in the spinal cord lesion. Our results indicate that using ASCS can lead to the entrance of cells into the scaffold and promote neurogenesis. However, Cur-ASCS had greater effects in terms of inflammation relief and enhanced neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ghaffari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Mahdi Adabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Ebrahimi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Kamali
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Gholaminejhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosciences and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Song Q, Cui Q, Sun S, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang L. Crosstalk Between Cell Death and Spinal Cord Injury: Neurology and Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04188-3. [PMID: 38713439 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to neurological dysfunction, and neuronal cell death is one of the main causes of neurological dysfunction. After SCI, in addition to necrosis, programmed cell death (PCD) occurs in nerve cells. At first, studies recognized only necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. In recent years, researchers have identified new forms of PCD, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Related studies have confirmed that all of these cell death modes are involved in various phases of SCI and affect the direction of the disease through different mechanisms and pathways. Furthermore, regulating neuronal cell death after SCI through various means has been proven to be beneficial for the recovery of neural function. In recent years, emerging therapies for SCI have also provided new potential methods to restore neural function. Thus, the relationship between SCI and cell death plays an important role in the occurrence and development of SCI. This review summarizes and generalizes the relevant research results on neuronal necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis after SCI to provide a new understanding of neuronal cell death after SCI and to aid in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Song
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Yashi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China.
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Sintakova K, Romanyuk N. The role of small extracellular vesicles and microRNA as their cargo in the spinal cord injury pathophysiology and therapy. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1400413. [PMID: 38774785 PMCID: PMC11106386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1400413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with a complex pathology that affects a significant portion of the population and causes long-term consequences. After primary injury, an inflammatory cascade of secondary injury occurs, followed by neuronal cell death and glial scar formation. Together with the limited regenerative capacity of the central nervous system, these are the main reasons for the poor prognosis after SCI. Despite recent advances, there is still no effective treatment. Promising therapeutic approaches include stem cells transplantation, which has demonstrated neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in SCI. This positive effect is thought to be mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs); membrane-bound nanovesicles involved in intercellular communication through transport of functional proteins and RNA molecules. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about sEVs and microRNA as their cargo as one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of SCI. We provide a comprehensive overview of their role in SCI pathophysiology, neuroprotective potential and therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Sintakova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nataliya Romanyuk
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Feng M, Zhou Q, Xie H, Liu C, Zheng M, Zhang S, Zhou S, Zhao J. Role of CD36 in central nervous system diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:512-518. [PMID: 37721278 PMCID: PMC10581564 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases. CD36 was recently found to be widely expressed in various cell types in the nervous system, including endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia. CD36 mediates a number of regulatory processes, such as endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory responses, which are involved in many central nervous system diseases, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury. CD36 antagonists can suppress CD36 expression or prevent CD36 binding to its ligand, thereby achieving inhibition of CD36-mediated pathways or functions. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms of action of CD36 antagonists, such as Salvianolic acid B, tanshinone IIA, curcumin, sulfosuccinimidyl oleate, antioxidants, and small-molecule compounds. Moreover, we predicted the structures of binding sites between CD36 and antagonists. These sites can provide targets for more efficient and safer CD36 antagonists for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengru Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ke D, Xu H, Han J, Dai H, Wang X, Luo J, Yu Y, Xu J. Curcumin suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast precursor autophagy in osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting RANK signaling and downstream JNK-BCL2-Beclin1 pathway. Biomed J 2024; 47:100605. [PMID: 37179010 PMCID: PMC10839592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin ameliorates bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Curcumin inhibits RANKL-promoted autophagy in osteoclast precursors (OCPs), which mediates its anti-osteoclastogenic effect. But the role of RANKL signaling in curcumin-regulated OCP autophagy is unknown. This study aimed to explore the relationship between curcumin, RANKL signaling, and OCP autophagy during osteoclastogenesis. METHODS We investigated the role of curcumin in RANKL-related molecular signaling in OCPs, and identified the significance of RANK-TRAF6 signaling in curcumin-treated osteoclastogenesis and OCP autophagy using flow sorting and lentiviral transduction. Tg-hRANKL mice were used to observe the in vivo effects of curcumin on RANKL-regulated bone loss, osteoclastogenesis, and OCP autophagy. The significance of JNK-BCL2-Beclin1 pathway in curcumin-regulated OCP autophagy with RANKL was explored via rescue assays and BCL2 phosphorylation detection. RESULTS Curcumin inhibited RANKL-related molecular signaling in OCPs, and repressed osteoclast differentiation and autophagy in sorted RANK+ OCPs but did not affect those of RANK- OCPs. Curcumin-inhibited osteoclast differentiation and OCP autophagy were recovered by TRAF6 overexpression. But curcumin lost these effects under TRAF6 knockdown. Furthermore, curcumin prevented the decrease in bone mass and the increase in trabecular osteoclast formation and autophagy in RANK+ OCPs in Tg-hRANKL mice. Additionally, curcumin-inhibited OCP autophagy with RANKL was reversed by JNK activator anisomycin and TAT-Beclin1 overexpressing Beclin1. Curcumin inhibited BCL2 phosphorylation at Ser70 and enhanced protein interaction between BCL2 and Beclin1 in OCPs. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin suppresses RANKL-promoted OCP autophagy by inhibiting signaling pathway downstream of RANKL, contributing to its anti-osteoclastogenic effect. Moreover, JNK-BCL2-Beclin1 pathway plays an important role in curcumin-regulated OCP autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianshan Ke
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haoying Xu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junyong Han
- Institute for Immunology, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hanhao Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Li K, Liu Z, Wu P, Chen S, Wang M, Liu W, Zhang L, Guo S, Liu Y, Liu P, Zhang B, Tao L, Ding H, Qian H, Fu Q. Micro electrical fields induced MSC-sEVs attenuate neuronal cell apoptosis by activating autophagy via lncRNA MALAT1/miR-22-3p/SIRT1/AMPK axis in spinal cord injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:451. [PMID: 38012570 PMCID: PMC10680254 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic condition of the central nervous system that causes paralysis of the limbs. Micro electric fields (EF) have been implicated in a novel therapeutic approach for nerve injury repair and regeneration, but the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles that are induced by micro electric fields (EF-sEVs) stimulation on SCI remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether EF-sEVs have therapeutic effects a rat model of SCI. EF-sEVs and normally conditioned human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles (CON-sEVs) were collected and injected intralesionally into SCI model rats to evaluate the therapeutic effects. We detect the expression of candidate long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (lncRNA-MALAT1) in EF-sEVs and CON-sEVs. The targets and downstream effectors of lncRNA-MALAT1 were investigated using luciferase reporter assays. Using both in vivo and in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that EF-sEVs increased autophagy and decreased apoptosis after SCI, which promoted the recovery of motor function. We further confirmed that the neuroprotective effects of EF-sEVs in vitro and in vivo correlated with the presence of encapsulated lncRNA-MALAT1 in sEVs. lncRNA-MALAT1 targeted miR-22-3p via sponging, reducing miR-22-3p's suppressive effects on its target, SIRT1, and this translated into AMPK phosphorylation and increased levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Collectively, the present study identified that the lncRNA-MALAT1 in EF-sEVs plays a neuroprotective role via the miRNA-22-3p/SIRT1/AMPK axis and offers a fresh perspective and a potential therapeutic approach using sEVs to improve SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Shenyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Beiting Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dehong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dehong, 678400, Yunnan, China
| | - Hua Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Qian T, Li Z, Shang L, Huang S, Li G, Zheng W, Mao Y. pH/Temperature Responsive Curcumin-Loaded Micelle Nanoparticles Promote Functional Repair after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats via Modulation of Inflammation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:879-892. [PMID: 37580648 PMCID: PMC10519900 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of an inhibitory inflammatory microenvironment after spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a great challenge for nerve regeneration. The poor local microenvironment exacerbates nerve cell death; therefore, the reconstruction of a favorable microenvironment through small-molecule drugs is a promising strategy for promoting nerve regeneration. METHODS In the present study, we synthesized curcumin-loaded micelle nanoparticles (Cur-NPs) to increase curcumin bioavailability and analyzed the physical and chemical properties of Cur-NPs by characterization experiments. We established an in vivo SCI model in rats and examined the ability of hind limb motor recovery using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scoring and hind limb trajectory assays. We also analyzed neural regeneration after SCI using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The nanoparticles achieved the intelligent responsive release of curcumin while improving curcumin bioavailability. Most importantly, the released curcumin attenuated local inflammation by modulating the polarization of macrophages from an M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype to an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. M2-type macrophages can promote cell differentiation, proliferation, matrix secretion, and reorganization by secreting or expressing pro-repair cytokines to reduce the inflammatory response. The enhanced inflammatory microenvironment supported neuronal regeneration, nerve remyelination, and reduced scar formation. These effects facilitated functional repair in rats, mainly in the form of improved hindlimb movements. CONCLUSION Here, we synthesized pH/temperature dual-sensitive Cur-NPs. While improving the bioavailability of the drug, they were also able to achieve a smart responsive release in the inflammatory microenvironment that develops after SCI. The Cur-NPs promoted the regeneration and functional recovery of nerves after SCI through anti-inflammatory effects, providing a promising strategy for the repair of SCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taibao Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Zhixiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Lijun Shang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation and School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Sutao Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation and School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation and School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yingji Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation and School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233030, China.
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9
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Qiao L, Tang Q, An Z, Qi J. Minocycline relieves neuropathic pain in rats with spinal cord injury via activation of autophagy and suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 153:12-21. [PMID: 37524449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we studied whether minocycline hydrochloride improved neuropathic pain induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats through PI3K/Akt pathway. METHODS The SCI was induced by compressed at level of T9-T11 of spinal cord in Sprague Dawley male rats. Animals were given different concentrations of minocycline (3 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg) at the first and 24 h after SCI, then subsequently every 7, 12, 16, 20, 25 days via peroral route. The locomotor function was assessed by Basso Mouse Scale (BMS). The changes of spinal cord tissues were observed by HE. The inflammatory cytokines in spinal cord, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, were measured by ELISA. The LC3B levels of spinal cord were observed by immunofluorescence. The autophagy related proteins and PI3K/AKT pathway related proteins were analysed by Western blot. Furthermore, the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002, and activator IGF-1 were used to confirm the mechanism of minocycline. RESULTS Contrasted to sham group, the inflammatory response in spinal cord was enhanced after SCI. Compared with the SCI rats, minocycline treatment significantly improved the locomotor activity, pathological injury of spinal cord, suppressed the levels of inflammatory factors. In addition, minocycline treatment upregulated autophagy response in damaged spinal cord through increasing LC3B, Beclin-1 and decreasing P62. The results of mechanism study showed that minocycline treatment clearly suppressed phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR proteins expression. CONCLUSION Minocycline could improve neuropathic pain induced by SCI through activating autophagy and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Zhongzhe An
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
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Li X, Sung P, Zhang D, Yan L. Curcumin in vitro Neuroprotective Effects Are Mediated by p62/keap-1/Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Autophagy Inhibition. Physiol Res 2023; 72:497-510. [PMID: 37795892 PMCID: PMC10634561 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and autophagy are potential mechanisms associated with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and is usually linked to inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Curcumin has recently been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and autophagy regulation properties. However, mechanism of curcumin on IRI-induced oxidative stress and autophagy remains not well understood. We evaluated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of curcumin on cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) and neuronal cells (HT22) against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro models that mimic in vivo cerebral IRI. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assays revealed that curcumin attenuated the OGD/R-induced injury in a dose-specific manner. OGD/R induced elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6 as well as IL-1beta, and these effects were notably reduced by curcumin. OGD/R-mediated apoptosis was suppressed by curcumin via upregulating B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulating Bcl-associated X (Bax), cleaved-caspase3 and TUNEL apoptosis marker. Additionally, curcumin increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), but suppressed malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Curcumin inhibited the levels of autophagic biomarkers such as LC3 II/LC3 I and Beclin1. Particularly, curcumin induced p62 accumulation and its interactions with keap1 and promoted NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation to nucleus, accompanied by increased NADPH quinone dehydrogenase (Nqo1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Treatment of curcumin increased phosphorylation-phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (p-PI3K) and p-protein kinase B (p-AKT). The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) activated the keap-1/Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. This study highlights the neuroprotective effects of curcumin on cerebral IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
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Li J, Cao Y, Li LN, Chu X, Wang YS, Cai JJ, Zhao J, Ma S, Li G, Fan ZK. Neuroprotective Effects of Oxymatrine via Triggering Autophagy and Inhibiting Apoptosis Following Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4450-4471. [PMID: 37115405 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity and disability. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments for it. The identification of drugs that promote autophagy and inhibit apoptosis in neurons is critical for improving patient outcomes following SCI. Previous studies have shown that increasing the activity of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and downstream protein AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rat models of SCI is highly neuroprotective. Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid, has exhibited neuroprotective effects in various central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, its explicit effect and molecular mechanism in SCI are still unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of OMT and explore the potential role of autophagy regulation following SCI in rats. A modified compressive device (weight 35 g, time 5 min) was applied to induce moderate SCI in all groups except the sham group. After treatment with drugs or vehicle (saline), our results indicated that OMT treatment significantly reduced the lesion size, promoted survival of motor neurons, and subsequently attenuated motor dysfunction following SCI in rats. OMT significantly enhanced autophagy activity, inhibited apoptosis in neurons, and increased SIRT1 and p-AMPK expression levels. Interestingly, these effects of OMT on SCI were partially prevented by co-treatment with SIRT1 inhibitor EX527. Furthermore, combining OMT with the potent autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) could effectively abolish its promotion of autophagic flux. Taken together, these data revealed that OMT exerts a neuroprotective role in functional recovery against SCI in rats, and these effects are potentially associated with OMT-induced activation of autophagy via the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Lin-Na Li
- Departments of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Xin Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yan-Song Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Jia-Jun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Song Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China.
| | - Zhong-Kai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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Xu L, Yang Y, Zhong W, Li W, Liu C, Guo Z, Yu X. Comparative efficacy of five most common traditional Chinese medicine monomers for promoting recovery of motor function in rats with blunt spinal cord injury: a network meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1165076. [PMID: 37465765 PMCID: PMC10351986 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1165076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This research employed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to examine the effectiveness of five traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers for promoting motor function recovery in rats with blunt spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Wangfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, PubMed, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases were searched for retrieving relevant articles published from their inception to December 2022. Two reviewers performed screening of search results, data extraction, and literature quality assessment independently. Results For this meta-analysis, 59 publications were included. Based on the recovery of motor function at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 in NMA, almost all TCM groups had significantly increased positive effects than the negative control animals. In terms of cumulative probability, the tanshinone IIA (TIIA) group ranked first in restoring motor function in the first week after blunt SCI, and the resveratrol (RSV) group ranked first during the last 3 weeks. Conclusion The NMA revealed that TCM monomers could effectively restore motor function in the rat model of blunt SCI. In rats with blunt SCI, TIIA may be the most effective TCM monomer during the first week, whereas RSV may be the most effective TCM monomer during the last 3 weeks in promoting motor function recovery. For better evidence reliability in preclinical investigations and safer extrapolation of those findings into clinical settings, further research standardizing the implementation and reporting of animal experiments is required. Systematic Review Registration https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202310070.
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Du Y, Cai X. Therapeutic potential of natural compounds from herbs and nutraceuticals in spinal cord injury: Regulation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114905. [PMID: 37207430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disease in which the spinal cord is subjected to various external forces that cause it to burst, shift, or, in severe cases, injure the spinal tissue, resulting in nerve injury. SCI includes not only acute primary injury but also delayed and persistent spinal tissue injury (i.e., secondary injury). The pathological changes post-SCI are complex, and effective clinical treatment strategies are lacking. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) coordinates the growth and metabolism of eukaryotic cells in response to various nutrients and growth factors. The mTOR signaling pathway has multiple roles in the pathogenesis of SCI. There is evidence for the beneficial effects of natural compounds and nutraceuticals that regulate the mTOR signaling pathways in a variety of diseases. Therefore, the effects of natural compounds on the pathogenesis of SCI were evaluated by a comprehensive review using electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline, combined with our expertise in neuropathology. In particular, we reviewed the pathogenesis of SCI, including the importance of secondary nerve injury after the primary mechanical injury, the roles of the mTOR signaling pathways, and the beneficial effects and mechanisms of natural compounds that regulate the mTOR signaling pathway on pathological changes post-SCI, including effects on inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, autophagy, nerve regeneration, and other pathways. This recent research highlights the value of natural compounds in regulating the mTOR pathway, providing a basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xue Cai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Huang Y, Wang J, Yue C, Wang R, Guo Q, Wang T, Wang D, Dong H, Hu Y, Tao G, Li X. An In Situ Assembled Trapping Gel Repairs Spinal Cord Injury by Capturing Glutamate and Free Calcium Ions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206229. [PMID: 36683214 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to devastating autonomic dysfunction. One of the most challenging issues for functional repair in SCI is the secondary damage caused by the increased release of glutamate and free Ca2+ from injured cells. Here, an in situ assembled trapping gel (PF-SA-GAD) is developed to sweep glutamate and Ca2+ , promoting SCI repair. The hydrogel solution is a mixture of recombinant glutamate decarboxylase 67 (rGAD67) protein, sodium alginate (SA), and pluronic F-127 (PF-127). After intrathecal administration, temperature-sensitive PF-127 promoted in situ gelation. Glutamate (Glu) is captured and decarboxylated by rGAD67 into γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). SA reacted with the free Ca2+ to generate gellable calcium alginate. Thereby, this in situ trapping gel retarded secondary neuron injury caused by Glu and free Ca2+ during SCI. In rat models of SCI, PF-SA-GAD reduces the lesion volume and inflammatory response after SCI, restores the motor function of rats with SCI. Together, the in situ assembled trapping gel is a long-term effective and minimally invasive sweeper for the direct elimination of glutamate and Ca2+ from injury lesions and can be a novel strategy for SCI repair by preventing secondary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Pain, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jialun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chunyan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Pain, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiyuan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Pain, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Daojuan Wang
- Department of Pain, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School and School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Gaojian Tao
- Department of Pain, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xihan Li
- Department of Pain, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Elsayed HRH, Rabei MR, Elshaer MMA, El Nashar EM, Alghamdi MA, Al-Qahtani Z, Nabawy A. Suppression of neuronal apoptosis and glial activation with modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-kB signaling by curcumin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic spinal cord central neuropathy. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1094301. [PMID: 36968023 PMCID: PMC10035597 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1094301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDiabetes is a global disease, commonly complicated by neuropathy. The spinal cord reacts to diabetes by neuronal apoptosis, microglial activation, and astrocytosis, with a disturbance in neuronal and glial Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/Heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling. Curcumin, a bioactive natural substance, showed neuroprotective role in many diseases. However, its role in the treatment of the diabetic central neuropathy of spinal cord and the underlying mechanisms still need clarification. The present study tried to evaluate the role of curcumin in diabetes-induced central neuropathy of the spinal cord in rats.MethodsTwenty rats were divided into three groups; group 1: a negative control group; group 2: received streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type I diabetes, and group 3: received STZ + Curcumin (150 mg/kg/day) for eight weeks. The spinal cords were examined for histopathological changes, and immunohistochemical staining for Glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); an astrocyte marker, Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a microglial marker, neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN); a neuronal marker, caspase-3; an apoptosis marker, Nrf2/HO-1, NF-kB, and oxidative stress markers were assessed.ResultsCurcumin could improve spinal cord changes, suppress the expression of Iba1, GFAP, caspase-3, and NF-kB, and could increase the expression of NeuN and restore the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.DiscussionCurcumin could suppress diabetic spinal cord central neuropathy, glial activation, and neuronal apoptosis with the regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-kB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Reda Hassan Elsayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura City, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Hassan Reda Hassan Elsayed,
| | - Mohammed R. Rabei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelraheem Elshaer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamad El Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
- Eman Mohamad El Nashar,
| | - Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainah Al-Qahtani
- Neurology Section, Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nabawy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura City, Egypt
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Shiah HS, Lee CJ, Lee FY, Tseng SH, Chen SH, Wang CC. Chemopreventive effects of Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang on paclitaxel-induced leucopenia and neuropathy in animals. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1106030. [PMID: 36969850 PMCID: PMC10032344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel frequently induces peripheral neuropathy and myelosuppression during cancer treatment. According to the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, traditional Chinese medicine doctors widely use Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (XSLJZT) to treat breast cancer patients who have received paclitaxel. We explored the combined therapeutic effects of XSLZJT with paclitaxel. XSLJZT did not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects on P388-D1 cells; however, the combination of XSLJZT (100 and 500 mg/kg) with paclitaxel prolonged the survival rate in P388–D1 tumor-bearing mice compared to paclitaxel-only. In addition, XSLJZT was found to enhance white blood cells (WBC) counts and promote leukocyte rebound in paclitaxel-induced leukopenia in mice. XSLJZT also reduced paclitaxel-induced mechanical pain and inhibited c-Fos protein expression in the L4-6 spinal cords of Wistar rats. Moreover, paclitaxel-induced shortening of the nerve fibers of dorsal root ganglion cells was ameliorated by pre-treatment with XSLJZT. Therefore, we suggest that XSLJZT could be used as an adjunct for cancer patients, as the formula could decrease paclitaxel-induced neuropathy and myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Her-Shyong Shiah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hui Tseng
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ching-Chiung Wang,
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Gu G, Ren J, Zhu B, Shi Z, Feng S, Wei Z. Multiple mechanisms of curcumin targeting spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114224. [PMID: 36641925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an irreversible disease process with a high disability and mortality rate. After primary spinal cord injury, the secondary injury may occur in sequence, which is composed of ischemia and hypoxia, excitotoxicity, calcium overload, oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in massive death of parenchymal cells in the injured area, followed by the formation of syringomyelia. Effectively curbing the process of secondary injury can promote nerve repair and improve functional prognosis. As the main active ingredient in turmeric, curcumin can play an important role in reducing inflammation and oxidation, protecting the neurons, and ultimately reducing spinal cord injury. This article reviews the effects of curcumin on the repair of nerve injury, with emphasis on the various mechanisms by which curcumin promotes the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Gu
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Ren
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongju Shi
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhijian Wei
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Kim HN, McCrea MR, Li S. Advances in molecular therapies for targeting pathophysiology in spinal cord injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:171-187. [PMID: 37017093 PMCID: PMC10148912 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2194532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects 25,000-50,000 people around the world each year and there is no cure for SCI patients currently. The primary injury damages spinal cord tissues and secondary injury mechanisms, including ischemia, apoptosis, inflammation, and astrogliosis, further exacerbate the lesions to the spinal cord. Recently, researchers have designed various therapeutic approaches for SCI by targeting its major cellular or molecular pathophysiology. AREAS COVERED Some strategies have shown promise in repairing injured spinal cord for functional recoveries, such as administering neuroprotective reagents, targeting specific genes to promote robust axon regeneration of disconnected spinal fiber tracts, targeting epigenetic factors to enhance cell survival and neural repair, and facilitating neuronal relay pathways and neuroplasticity for restoration of function after SCI. This review focuses on the major advances in preclinical molecular therapies for SCI reported in recent years. EXPERT OPINION Recent progress in developing novel and effective repairing strategies for SCI is encouraging, but many challenges remain for future design of effective treatments, including developing highly effective neuroprotectants for early interventions, stimulating robust neuronal regeneration with functional synaptic reconnections among disconnected neurons, maximizing the recovery of lost neural functions with combination strategies, and translating the most promising therapies into human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Neui Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Madeline R. McCrea
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Liu F, Huang Y, Wang H. Rodent Models of Spinal Cord Injury: From Pathology to Application. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:340-361. [PMID: 36303082 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often has devastating consequences for the patient's physical, mental and occupational health. At present, there is no effective treatment for SCI, and appropriate animal models are very important for studying the pathological manifestations, injury mechanisms, and corresponding treatment. However, the pathological changes in each injury model are different, which creates difficulties in selecting appropriate models for different research purposes. In this article, we analyze various SCI models and introduce their pathological features, including inflammation, glial scar formation, axon regeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and oxidative stress, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each model, which is convenient for selecting suitable models for different injury mechanisms to study therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuze Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Ouyang J, Chen H. Effects of Early Weight-Bearing Treadmill Training Combined with Pre-Emptive Analgesia on Femoral Fracture Recovery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:8498062. [PMID: 36760470 PMCID: PMC9904936 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8498062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The effect of pre-emptive analgesia plus early weight-bearing treadmill training (EWBTT) on healing and motor function recovery of femoral shaft fracture is not clear. Methods A total of 60 SD male rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: group A (pre-emptive analgesia with EWBTT), group B (pre-emptive analgesia with delayed weight-bearing treadmill training, DWBTT), group C (pre-emptive analgesia with no weight-bearing), and group D (EWBTT with no pre-emptive analgesia). All rats were molded by internal fixation with Kirschner wire after right femoral shaft fracture. In groups A, B, and C, tramadol was intramuscularly injected 15 minutes before surgery. EWBTT was performed at day 1 postoperatively in groups A and D, and DWBTT was performed at day 14 postoperatively in group B. Oblique plate test was accomplished to assess hindlimb motor function recovery of rats in each group. Status of fracture healing was assessed through digital radiography (DR). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (MBP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in callus were performed to explore fracture healing. The expression of BMP-2 and VEGF protein in quadriceps femoris muscle was detected by Western blot technique and mRNA expression of BMP-2 and VEGF in callus ascertained via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Results For oblique plate test, rats in group A outperformed those in groups B and C at all time points after operation. DR image revealed that large numbers of callus growth, blurred fracture line, and obvious continuous callus passing through the fracture line can be found in group A at day 28 postoperatively, which is the best healing status among all groups. HE staining of callus confirmed the optimal effect of healing for rats in group A. VEGF and BMP-2 expression by immunohistochemistry showed a significantly higher positive score for callus in group A while those in group C being the lowest at all time points postoperatively. Significantly higher expression level of VEGF and BMP-2 protein was detected in quadriceps femoris muscle from group A, which exceeded those in all other groups at all time points. RT-PCR testing proved the highest expression of BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in callus of rats from group A, significantly higher than those of other groups. Conclusions Both pre-emptive analgesia and EWBTT can effectively invoke the expression of VEGF and BMP-2 and promote recovery of hindlimb locomotor function in rats with femoral fracture, and the combination of them leads to more superior results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiemiao Ouyang
- The Third People's Hospital Haikou, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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21
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Li RY, Hu Q, Shi X, Luo ZY, Shao DH. Crosstalk between exosomes and autophagy in spinal cord injury: fresh positive target for therapeutic application. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:1-17. [PMID: 36380098 PMCID: PMC9839811 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very serious clinical traumatic illness with a very high disability rate. It not only causes serious functional disorders below the injured segment, but also causes unimaginable economic burden to social development. Exosomes are nano-sized cellular communication carriers that exist stably in almost all organisms and cell types. Because of their capacity to transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, they affect various physiological and pathological functions of recipient cells and parental cells. Autophagy is a process that relies on the lysosomal pathway to degrade cytoplasmic proteins and organelles and involves a variety of pathophysiological processes. Exosomes and autophagy play critical roles in cellular homeostasis following spinal cord injury. Presently, the coordination mechanism of exosomes and autophagy has attracted much attention in the early efficacy of spinal cord injury. In this review, we discussed the interaction of autophagy and exosomes from the perspective of molecular mechanisms, which might provide novel insights for the early therapeutic application of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-yu Li
- Anqing First People’s Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000 Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-yu Luo
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong-hua Shao
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 Jiangsu Province, China
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22
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Wei S, Leng B, Yan G. Targeting autophagy process in center nervous trauma. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1128087. [PMID: 36950126 PMCID: PMC10025323 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1128087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary regulator of physiological activity, and when CNS is compromised, its physical functions are affected. Spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are common trauma in CNS that are difficult to recover from, with a higher global disability and mortality rate. Autophagy is familiar to almost all researchers due to its role in regulating the degradation and recycling of cellular defective or incorrect proteins and toxic components, maintaining body balance and regulating cell health and function. Emerging evidence suggests it has a broad and long-lasting impact on pathophysiological process such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, involving the alteration of autophagy marker expression and function recovery. Changes in autophagy level are considered a potential therapeutic strategy and have shown promising results in preclinical studies for neuroprotection following traumatic brain injury. However, the relationship between upward or downward autophagy and functional recovery following SCI or TBI is debatable. This article reviews the regulation and role of autophagy in repairing CNS trauma and the intervention effects of autophagy-targeted therapeutic agents to find more and better treatment options for SCI and TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wei
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Genquan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Genquan Yan,
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23
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Wang S, Qian W, Chen S, Xian S, Jin M, Liu Y, Zhang H, Qin H, Zhang X, Zhu J, Yue X, Shi C, Yan P, Huang R, Huang Z. Bibliometric analysis of research on gene expression in spinal cord injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1023692. [PMID: 36385766 PMCID: PMC9661966 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1023692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe disease with motor and sensory function being destroyed, which leads to a poor prognosis and a serious financial burden. It is urgent to figure out the molecular and pathological mechanisms of SCI to develop feasible therapeutic strategies. This article aims to review documents focused on gene expression in SCI and summarize research hotspots and the development process in this field. Methods Publications of SCI-related studies from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Biblioshiny was used to evaluate the research performance, core authors, journals and contributed countries, together with trend topics, hotspots in the field, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Visualized images were obtained to help comprehension. Results Among 351 documents, it was found that the number of annual publications increased in general. The most productive country was China, followed by the United States with the highest influence and the most international cooperation. Plos One was the journal of the maximum publications, while Journal of Neuroscience was the most influential one. According to keyword co-occurrence and trend topics analysis, these articles mainly focused on molecular and pathological mechanisms as well as novel therapies for SCI. Neuropathic pain, axonal regeneration and messenger RNA are significant and promising research areas. Conclusion As the first bibliometric study focused on gene expression in SCI, we demonstrated the evolution of the field and provided future research directions like mechanisms and treatments of SCI with great innovativeness and clinical value. Further studies are recommended to develop more viable therapeutic methods for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijin Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengwei Qin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinkun Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Penghui Yan,
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Penghui Yan,
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Runzhi Huang, ; Penghui Yan,
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24
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Islam F, Bepary S, Nafady MH, Islam MR, Emran TB, Sultana S, Huq MA, Mitra S, Chopra H, Sharma R, Sweilam SH, Khandaker MU, Idris AM. Polyphenols Targeting Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cord Injury: Current Status and Future Vision. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8741787. [PMID: 36046682 PMCID: PMC9423984 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8741787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord is deteriorated or traumatized, leading to motor and sensory functions lost even totally or partially. An imbalance within the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense levels results in oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation. After SCI, OS and occurring pathways of inflammations are significant strenuous drivers of cross-linked dysregulated pathways. It emphasizes the significance of multitarget therapy in combating SCI consequences. Polyphenols, which are secondary metabolites originating from plants, have the promise to be used as alternative therapeutic agents to treat SCI. Secondary metabolites have activity on neuroinflammatory, neuronal OS, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways during the early stages of SCI. Experimental and clinical investigations have noted the possible importance of phenolic compounds as important phytochemicals in moderating upstream dysregulated OS/inflammatory signaling mediators and axonal regeneration's extrinsic pathways after the SCI probable significance of phenolic compounds as important phytochemicals in mediating upstream dysregulated OS/inflammatory signaling mediators. Furthermore, combining polyphenols could be a way to lessen the effects of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sristy Bepary
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed H. Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury in Cultured Primary Rat Astrocyte by Improving Mitochondrial Function and Regulating the ERK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1731701. [PMID: 35865336 PMCID: PMC9296283 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1731701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Curcumin (Cur) is a natural polyphenol isolated from turmeric and has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to explore the effects and possible mechanisms of curcumin on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury in cultured rat astrocyte primary cells. Methods After screening for effective doses, the cultured rat astrocyte primary cells were divided into three groups: control, OGD/R, and OGD/R + curcumin (10 μM, 20 μM, and 40 μM). Cell viability was detected using CCK8 assays. The level of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity was determined using commercial kits. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase and adenosine triphosphate concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA levels of the inflammatory indexes interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-1β were evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide was used to detect apoptosis. JC-1 was used to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential. The protein expression of apoptosis-related proteins (B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL-2-associated X (Bax), and cleaved caspase 3), mitochondria-related proteins (dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), phosphorylated DRP1 (p-DRP1), and mitofusin 2), and essential proteins of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway (ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2) were analyzed by western blot. Results Our data indicated that curcumin reversed OGD/R-induced cell viability loss, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production, and cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, curcumin attenuated OGD/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Curcumin protected against OGD/R-induced injury in rat astrocyte primary cells through improving mitochondrial function and regulating the ERK signaling pathway.
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Kahuripour M, Behroozi Z, Rahimi B, Hamblin MR, Ramezani F. The potential of curcumin for treating spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis study. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 26:560-571. [PMID: 35507337 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2070703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this paper, we conducted a meta-analysis on the curcumin effect on functional recovery provided by the Basso, Beattie, Brenham (BBB) test for rats, and the Basso mouse scale (BMS) for mice after spinal cord injury (SCI) in animal models. METHOD Data mining was performed, and the standard mean difference (SMD) between the treated and control (untreated) groups was calculated using the STATA software. Quality control and subgroup analysis were performed. RESULTS The analysis includes 24 experimental studies that showed curcumin had a strong significance in improving functional recovery after SCI (SMD = 3.38; 95% CI: 2.54-4.22; p < 0.001). When curcumin was administered daily, it had a stronger effect than single-dose treatment or weekly administration. Despite the same effect in the follow-up time before and after 4 weeks post-injury, but later 9 weeks, curcumin had only a moderate effect. Curcumin also significantly reduced the expression of GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein) marker compared to untreated groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that daily administration of curcumin can be an effective approach to improving functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Kahuripour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behroozi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Rahimi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Liao MF, Lu KT, Hsu JL, Lee CH, Cheng MY, Ro LS. The Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Neuropathic Pain Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052685. [PMID: 35269822 PMCID: PMC8910267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain indicates pain caused by damage to the somatosensory system and is difficult to manage and treat. A new treatment strategy urgently needs to be developed. Both autophagy and apoptosis are critical adaptive mechanisms when neurons encounter stress or damage. Recent studies have shown that, after nerve damage, both autophagic and apoptotic activities in the injured nerve, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal dorsal horn change over time. Many studies have shown that upregulated autophagic activities may help myelin clearance, promote nerve regeneration, and attenuate pain behavior. On the other hand, there is no direct evidence that the inhibition of apoptotic activities in the injured neurons can attenuate pain behavior. Most studies have only shown that agents can simultaneously attenuate pain behavior and inhibit apoptotic activities in the injured dorsal root ganglia. Autophagy and apoptosis can crosstalk with each other through various proteins and proinflammatory cytokine expressions. Proinflammatory cytokines can promote both autophagic/apoptotic activities and neuropathic pain formation, whereas autophagy can inhibit proinflammatory cytokine activities and further attenuate pain behaviors. Thus, agents that can enhance autophagic activities but suppress apoptotic activities on the injured nerve and dorsal root ganglia can treat neuropathic pain. Here, we summarized the evolving changes in apoptotic and autophagic activities in the injured nerve, dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and brain after nerve damage. This review may help in further understanding the treatment strategy for neuropathic pain during nerve injury by modulating apoptotic/autophagic activities and proinflammatory cytokines in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Liao
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Kwok-Tung Lu
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Department of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hong Lee
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Mei-Yun Cheng
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Long-Sun Ro
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-F.L.); (J.-L.H.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8351)
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Cheng P, Liao HY, Zhang HH. The role of Wnt/mTOR signaling in spinal cord injury. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2022; 25:101760. [PMID: 35070684 PMCID: PMC8762069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2022.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most common disabling spinal injury, a complex pathologic process that can eventually lead to severe neurological dysfunction. The Wnt/mTOR signaling pathway is a pervasive signaling cascade that regulates a wide range of physiological processes during embryonic development, from stem cell pluripotency to cell fate. Numerous studies have reported that Wnt/mTOR signaling pathway plays an important role in neural development, synaptogenesis, neuron growth, differentiation and survival after the central nervous system (CNS) is damaged. Wnt/mTOR also plays an important role in regulating various pathophysiological processes after spinal cord injury (SCI). After SCI, Wnt/mTOR signal regulates the physiological and pathological processes of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, neuronal axon regeneration, neuroinflammation and pain through multiple pathways. Due to the characteristics of the Wnt signal in SCI make it a potential therapeutic target of SCI. In this paper, the characteristics of Wnt/mTOR signal, the role of Wnt/mTOR pathway on SCI and related mechanisms are reviewed, and some unsolved problems are discussed. It is hoped to provide reference value for the research field of the role of Wnt/mTOR pathway in SCI, and provide a theoretical basis for biological therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, LanZhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Liao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, 342800, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, LanZhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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29
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Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Moradi SZ, Cao H, Khan H, Xiao J. Effects of Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Interconnected Pathways during Spinal Cord Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8100195. [PMID: 35035667 PMCID: PMC8759836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progression in targeting the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a lack of effective treatments. Moreover, conventional therapies suffer from associated side effects and low efficacy, raising the need for finding potential alternative therapies. In this regard, a comprehensive review was done regarding revealing the main neurological dysregulated pathways and providing alternative therapeutic agents following SCI. From the mechanistic point, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways are major upstream orchestras of cross-linked dysregulated pathways (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, and extrinsic mechanisms) following SCI. It urges the need for developing multitarget therapies against SCI complications. Polyphenols, as plant-derived secondary metabolites, have the potential of being introduced as alternative therapeutic agents to pave the way for treating SCI. Such secondary metabolites presented modulatory effects on neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways in the onset and progression of SCI. In the present review, the potential role of phenolic compounds as critical phytochemicals has also been revealed in regulating upstream dysregulated oxidative stress/inflammatory signaling mediators and extrinsic mechanisms of axonal regeneration after SCI in preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, the coadministration of polyphenols and stem cells has shown a promising strategy for improving post-SCI complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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30
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Liao HY, Wang ZQ, Ran R, Zhou KS, Ma CW, Zhang HH. Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:761273. [PMID: 34988074 PMCID: PMC8721099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that maintains metabolism and homeostasis by eliminating protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Many studies have reported that autophagy plays an important role in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the spatiotemporal patterns of autophagy activation after traumatic SCI are contradictory. Most studies show that the activation of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis have neuroprotective effects on traumatic SCI. However, reports demonstrate that autophagy is strongly associated with distal neuronal death and the impaired functional recovery following traumatic SCI. This article introduces SCI pathophysiology, the physiology and mechanism of autophagy, and our current review on its role in traumatic SCI. We also discuss the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis and the therapeutic effect of activating or inhibiting autophagy in promoting functional recovery. Thus, we aim to provide a theoretical basis for the biological therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Liao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Ran
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai-Sheng Zhou
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chun-Wei Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Jiang X, Liu X, Yu Q, Shen W, Mei X, Tian H, Wu C. Functional resveratrol-biodegradable manganese doped silica nanoparticles for the spinal cord injury treatment. Mater Today Bio 2021; 13:100177. [PMID: 34938991 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes secondary injury, accompanied by pathological changes such as oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. This leads to permanent disabilities such as paralysis and loss of movement or sensation. Due to the ineffectiveness of drugs passing through the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB), there is currently no effective treatment for SCI. The aim of this experiment was to design plasma complex component functionalized manganese-doped silica nanoparticles (PMMSN) with a redox response as a targeted drug carrier for resveratrol (RES), which effectively transports insoluble drugs to cross the BSCB. RES was adsorbed into PMMSN with a particle size of approximately 110 nm by the adsorption method, and the drug loading reached 32.61 ± 3.38%. The RES release results for the loaded sample (PMMSN-RES) showed that the PMMSN-RES exhibited a release slowly effect. In vitro and vivo experiments demonstrated that PMMSN-RES decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, reduced the expression of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and apoptotic cytokines (cleaved caspase-3) in spinal cord tissue after SCI. In summary, PMMSN-RES may be a potential pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of SCI by reducing neuronal apoptosis and inhibiting inflammation caused by reducing oxidative stress to promote the recovery of mouse motor function.
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Key Words
- BSCB, blood spinal cord barrier
- GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMSN, manganese-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles
- Manganese-doped silica nanoparticles
- MnO2, manganese dioxide
- Neuronal apoptosis
- Oxidative stress
- PMMSN, plasma complex component functionalized manganese-doped silica nanoparticles
- RES, resveratrol
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Redox response
- Resveratrol
- SCI, spinal cord injury
- SOD, increased superoxide dismutase
- Spinal cord injury
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Xiaoyao Liu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Wenwen Shen
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
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32
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Ding Y, Chen Q. mTOR pathway: A potential therapeutic target for spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112430. [PMID: 34800780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most common disabling spinal injury, and the complex pathological process can eventually lead to severe neurological dysfunction. Many studies have reported that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays an important role in synaptogenesis, neuron growth, differentiation, and survival after central nervous system injury. It is also involved in various traumatic and central nervous system diseases, including traumatic brain injury, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral apoplexy. mTOR has also been reported to play an important regulatory role in various pathophysiological processes following SCI. Activation of mTOR signals after SCI can regulate physiological and pathological processes, such as proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, regeneration of nerve axons, neuroinflammation, and glial scar formation, through various pathways. Inhibition of mTOR activity has been confirmed to promote repair in SCI. At present, many studies have reported that Chinese herbal medicine can inhibit the SCI-activated mTOR pathway to improve the microenvironment and promote nerve repair after SCI. Due to the role of the mTOR pathway in SCI, it may be a potential therapeutic target for SCI. This review is focused on the pathophysiological process of SCI, characteristics of the mTOR pathway, role of the mTOR pathway in SCI, role of inhibition of mTOR on SCI, and role and significance of inhibition of mTOR by related Chinese herbal medicine inhibitors in SCI. In addition, the review discusses the deficiencies and solutions to mTOR and SCI research shortcomings. This study hopes to provide reference for mTOR and SCI research and a theoretical basis for SCI biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou 342800, PR China; The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou 342800, PR China.
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou 342800, PR China; The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou 342800, PR China.
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33
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Campos J, Silva NA, Salgado AJ. Nutritional interventions for spinal cord injury: preclinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1206-1221. [PMID: 34472615 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that leads to motor, sensory, and autonomic impairments. Its intrinsic pathophysiological complexity has hindered the establishment of effective treatments for decades. Nutritional interventions (NIs) for SCI have been proposed as a route to circumvent some of the problems associated with this condition. Results obtained in animal models point to a more holistic effect, rather than to specific modulation, of several relevant SCI pathophysiological processes. Indeed, published data have shown NI improves energetic imbalance, oxidative damage, and inflammation, which are promoters of improved proteostasis and neurotrophic signaling, leading ultimately to neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. This review focuses on the most well-documented Nis. The mechanistic implications and their translational potential for SCI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Sun T, Duan L, Li J, Guo H, Xiong M. Gypenoside XVII protects against spinal cord injury in mice by regulating the microRNA‑21‑mediated PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:146. [PMID: 34132355 PMCID: PMC8208621 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gypenoside XVII (GP‑17), one of the dominant active components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, has been studied extensively and found to have a variety of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotective properties. However, the neuroprotective effects of GP‑17 against spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as its underlying mechanisms of action remain unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of GP‑17 on motor recovery and histopathological changes following SCI and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of SCI. Motor recovery was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale. Spinal cord edema was detected by the wet/dry weight method. H&E staining was performed to examine the effect of GP‑17 on spinal cord damage. Inflammatory response production was assessed by ELISA. Candidate miRNAs were identified following the integrated analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE67515. Western blot analysis was also performed to detect the expression levels of associated proteins. The results revealed that GP‑17 treatment improved functional recovery, and suppressed neuronal apoptosis and the inflammatory response in the mouse model of SCI. Moreover, it was observed that miR‑21 expression was downregulated following SCI, whereas it was upregulated following the administration of GP‑17. The inhibition of miR‑21 eliminated the protective effects of GP‑17 on SCI‑induced neuronal apoptosis and the inflammatory response. In addition, phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), a key molecule in the activation of the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, was identified as a target of miR‑21, and PTEN expression was downregulated by GP‑17 through miR‑21. Furthermore, the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway was inactivated by SCI, whereas it was re‑activated by GP‑17 through the regulation of miR‑21 in mice with SCI. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that GP‑17 plays a protective role in SCI via regulating the miR‑21/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Sun
- Department of Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Liying Duan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Puyang Medical College, Puyang, Henan 457000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaju Li
- Department of Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Guo
- Department of Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Xiong
- Department of Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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35
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Bonilla P, Hernandez J, Giraldo E, González-Pérez MA, Alastrue-Agudo A, Elkhenany H, Vicent MJ, Navarro X, Edel M, Moreno-Manzano V. Human-Induced Neural and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Combined with a Curcumin Nanoconjugate as a Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5966. [PMID: 34073117 PMCID: PMC8198521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We currently lack effective treatments for the devastating loss of neural function associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we evaluated a combination therapy comprising human neural stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-NSC), human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and a pH-responsive polyacetal-curcumin nanoconjugate (PA-C) that allows the sustained release of curcumin. In vitro analysis demonstrated that PA-C treatment protected iPSC-NSC from oxidative damage in vitro, while MSC co-culture prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in iPSC-NSC. Then, we evaluated the combination of PA-C delivery into the intrathecal space in a rat model of contusive SCI with stem cell transplantation. While we failed to observe significant improvements in locomotor function (BBB scale) in treated animals, histological analysis revealed that PA-C-treated or PA-C and iPSC-NSC + MSC-treated animals displayed significantly smaller scars, while PA-C and iPSC-NSC + MSC treatment induced the preservation of β-III Tubulin-positive axons. iPSC-NSC + MSC transplantation fostered the preservation of motoneurons and myelinated tracts, while PA-C treatment polarized microglia into an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Overall, the combination of stem cell transplantation and PA-C treatment confers higher neuroprotective effects compared to individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bonilla
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.B.); (E.G.); (M.A.G.-P.); (A.A.-A.); (H.E.)
| | - Joaquim Hernandez
- Neuroplasticity and Regeneration Group, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERNED, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.H.); (X.N.)
| | - Esther Giraldo
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.B.); (E.G.); (M.A.G.-P.); (A.A.-A.); (H.E.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. González-Pérez
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.B.); (E.G.); (M.A.G.-P.); (A.A.-A.); (H.E.)
| | - Ana Alastrue-Agudo
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.B.); (E.G.); (M.A.G.-P.); (A.A.-A.); (H.E.)
| | - Hoda Elkhenany
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.B.); (E.G.); (M.A.G.-P.); (A.A.-A.); (H.E.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22785, Egypt
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Neuroplasticity and Regeneration Group, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERNED, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.H.); (X.N.)
| | - Michael Edel
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Institut Barraquer, 08021 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Victoria Moreno-Manzano
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; (P.B.); (E.G.); (M.A.G.-P.); (A.A.-A.); (H.E.)
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An injectable and self-healing hydrogel with controlled release of curcumin to repair spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4816-4829. [PMID: 34136725 PMCID: PMC8175285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The harsh local micro-environment following spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a great challenge for neural regeneration. Local reconstitution of a favorable micro-environment by biocompatible scaffolds with desirable functions has thus been an area of concern. Herein, a hybrid hydrogel was developed using Fmoc-grafted chitosan (FC) and Fmoc peptide (FI). Dynamic reversible π-π stacking interactions of the fluorenyl rings enabled the FC/FI hybrid hydrogel to exhibit excellent injectable and self-healing properties, as characterized by visual appearances and rheological tests. Furthermore, the FC/FI hybrid hydrogel showed a slow and persistent release of curcumin (Cur), which was named as FC/FI-Cur hydrogel. In vitro studies confirmed that with the support of FC/FI-Cur hydrogel, neurite outgrowth was promoted, and Schwann cell (SC) migration away from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) spheres with enhanced myelination was substantiated. The FC/FI-Cur hydrogel well reassembled extracellular matrix at the lesion site of rat spinal cord and exerted outstanding effects in modulating local inflammatory reaction by regulating the phenotypes of infiltrated inflammatory cells. In addition, endogenous SCs were recruited in the FC/FI-Cur graft and participated in the remyelination process of the regenerated nerves. These outcomes favored functional recovery, as evidenced by improved hind limbs movement and enhanced electrophysiological properties. Thus, our study not only advanced the development of multifunctional hydrogels but also provided insights into comprehensive approaches for SCI repair. FC/FI hydrogel exhibited excellent injectable, self-healing properties, and performed well in releasing curcumin (Cur). FC/FI-Cur hydrogel promoted neurite outgrowth and myelination in vitro. FC/FI-Cur modulated local inflammatory reaction and recruited Schwann cells to repair spinal cord injury.
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Jin W, Botchway BOA, Liu X. Curcumin Can Activate the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway and Scavenge Free Radicals in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:576-584. [PMID: 33980059 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211011232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that often leads to permanent neurological deficits. Evidence from emerging studies has implicated oxygen-derived free radicals and high-energy oxidants as mediators of secondary SCI. Therefore, targeting these mediators using antioxidants could be beneficial for the disease. Several signaling pathways, such as the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1), have been associated with the regulation of some pathophysiological features of SCI. Curcumin is a plant medicinal agent whose diverse pharmacological properties have been extensively investigated and reported, notably its ability to curtail inflammatory damage by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. In this review, we analyze the role of curcumin in activating Nrf2/HO-1 and scavenging free radicals to repair SCI. With its minimal side effects, curcumin could be a potential therapy for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Jin
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | | | - Xuehong Liu
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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Potential therapeutic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine monomers on neurological recovery after spinal cord injury. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1681-1683. [PMID: 34397594 PMCID: PMC8318647 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Jorjani M. On the therapeutic targets and pharmacological treatments for pain relief following spinal cord injury: A mechanistic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111563. [PMID: 33873146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is globally considered as one of the most debilitating disorders, which interferes with daily activities and life of the affected patients. Despite many developments in related recognizing and treating procedures, post-SCI neuropathic pain (NP) is still a clinical challenge for clinicians with no distinct treatments. Accordingly, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and national database (SID and Irandoc). The relevant articles regarding signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and pharmacotherapy of post-SCI pain were also reviewed. Data were collected with no time limitation until November 2020. The present study provides the findings on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets, as well as developing the critical signaling pathways to introduce novel neuroprotective treatments of post-SCI pain. From the pathophysiological mechanistic point of view, post-SCI inflammation activates the innate immune system, in which the immune cells elicit secondary injuries. So, targeting the critical signaling pathways for pain management in the SCI population has significant importance in providing new treatments. Indeed, several receptors, ion channels, excitatory neurotransmitters, enzymes, and key signaling pathways could be used as therapeutic targets, with a pivotal role of n-methyl-D-aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and inflammatory mediators. The current review focuses on conventional therapies, as well as crucial signaling pathways and promising therapeutic targets for post-SCI pain to provide new insights into the clinical treatment of post-SCI pain. The need to develop innovative delivery systems to treat SCI is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wanjiang W, Xin C, Yaxing C, Jie W, Hongyan Z, Fei N, Chengmin L, Chengjian F, Jichao Y, Jiangkai L. Curcumin Improves Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Survival via ERK1/2 Signaling and Promotes Motor Outcomes After Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1241-1252. [PMID: 33247374 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) transplantation is thought to be a promising strategy for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the low survival rate of transplanted hUC-MSCs limits their clinical application in cell replacement therapy. Curcumin can suppress inflammation after SCI; however, it remains unknown whether curcumin can modulate the survival of transplanted hUC-MSCs. In this study, to investigate whether curcumin could strengthen the therapeutic effects of hUC-MSC transplantation on SCI, we induced hUC-MSC apoptosis with TNF-α, transplanted hUC-MSC into SCI rats, and assessed the antiapoptotic effect and mechanism of curcumin. LDH release analysis and flow cytometry demonstrated that TNF-α led to hUC-MSC apoptosis and that curcumin increased the hUC-MSC survival rate in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we showed that the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, JNK, and P38 were upregulated in apoptotic hUC-MSCs, while curcumin increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but did not activate JNK or P38, and these effects were reversed by the p42/44 antagonist U0126. Furthermore, we found that the motor function scores and number of surviving HNA-positive cells were significantly increased after curcumin and hUC-MSC transplantation therapy 8 weeks post-SCI, while U0126 markedly attenuated these effects. These data confirmed that curcumin suppressed hUC-MSC apoptosis through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and that combined curcumin and hUC-MSC treatment improved motor function in rats after SCI. The current research provides a strong basis for hUC-MSC replacement therapy in conjunction with curcumin in the treatment and management of SCI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wanjiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Prevention and Treatment, Army Medical University), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chen Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Prevention and Treatment, Army Medical University), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chen Yaxing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Prevention and Treatment, Army Medical University), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wang Jie
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhang Hongyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Prevention and Treatment, Army Medical University), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ni Fei
- Department of Field Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ling Chengmin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Prevention and Treatment, Army Medical University), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Feng Chengjian
- Department of Medical Engineering, 958th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuan Jichao
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Lin Jiangkai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Prevention and Treatment, Army Medical University), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Neuroprotective effects of Riluzole and Curcumin in human astrocytes and spinal cord white matter hypoxia. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135351. [PMID: 32891672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the spinal cord (SC) can result in irreversible impairments or complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Riluzole, a sodium channel-blocker and glutamate inhibitor, is in preclinical use for SC injury (SCI), and curcumin is an intracellular calcium inhibitor that attenuates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. As riluzole and curcumin have different mechanisms to protect against SCI, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of a combination of riluzole and curcumin in human astrocytes and white matter injury (WMI) model of SCI. Our data show that a combination of riluzole (1 μM) and curcumin (1 μM) was effective in inhibiting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative dress in astrocytes derived from human SC, however, curcumin alone showed a significant inhibition. In addition, our results demonstrated that curcumin alone downregulates the hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1, GFAP, and NF-H proteins in WMI, whereas riluzole alone and in combination with curcumin remained ineffective in changing the expression of these proteins. Contrarily, after inhibiting Ca2+ influx with EGTA, riluzole alone and in combination with curcumin significantly downregulated hypoxia-induced expression of GFAP and NF-H. After analysis of caspase 9 and cleaved caspase 9, we observed that curcumin and riluzole both inhibit apoptosis significantly, whereas their combination remains ineffective. Furthermore, we observed that neuroprotective effects of curcumin and riluzole are mediated through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that curcumin and riluzole protect astrocytes from oxidative stress and white matter from hypoxia. However, their combination is not beneficial to reduce hypoxia-induced astrocytosis, axonal damage, and apoptosis. From our results, it is evident that curcumin is more effective in reducing WMI than riluzole.
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Ryskalin L, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Lazzeri G, Frati A, Fornai F. The Multi-Faceted Effect of Curcumin in Glioblastoma from Rescuing Cell Clearance to Autophagy-Independent Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:E4839. [PMID: 33092261 PMCID: PMC7587955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on the multi-faceted effects of curcumin on the neurobiology glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), with a special emphasis on autophagy (ATG)-dependent molecular pathways activated by such a natural polyphenol. This is consistent with the effects of curcumin in a variety of experimental models of neurodegeneration, where the molecular events partially overlap with GBM. In fact, curcumin broadly affects various signaling pathways, which are similarly affected in cell degeneration and cell differentiation. The antitumoral effects of curcumin include growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, anti-migration and anti-invasion, as well as chemo- and radio-sensitizing activity. Remarkably, most of these effects rely on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent ATG induction. In addition, curcumin targets undifferentiated and highly tumorigenic GBM cancer stem cells (GSCs). When rescuing ATG with curcumin, the tumorigenic feature of GSCs is suppressed, thus counteracting GBM establishment and growth. It is noteworthy that targeting GSCs may also help overcome therapeutic resistance and reduce tumor relapse, which may lead to a significant improvement of GBM prognosis. The present review focuses on the multi-faceted effects of curcumin on GBM neurobiology, which represents an extension to its neuroprotective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Alessandro Frati
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (G.L.)
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
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Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Mastroiacovo F, Polzella M, Lazzeri G, Fornai F. Merging the Multi-Target Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Protein Aggregation and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101022. [PMID: 33092300 PMCID: PMC7589770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wide experimental evidence has been provided in the last decade concerning the neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Generally, the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds belonging to different phytochemical classes are attributed to antioxidant, anti-aggregation, and anti-inflammatory activity along with the restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis and targeting alterations of cell-clearing systems. Far from being independent, these multi-target effects represent interconnected events that are commonly implicated in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases, independently of etiology, nosography, and the specific misfolded proteins being involved. Nonetheless, the increasing amount of data applying to a variety of neurodegenerative disorders joined with the multiple effects exerted by the wide variety of plant-derived neuroprotective agents may rather confound the reader. The present review is an attempt to provide a general guideline about the most relevant mechanisms through which naturally occurring agents may counteract neurodegeneration. With such an aim, we focus on some popular phytochemical classes and bioactive compounds as representative examples to design a sort of main highway aimed at deciphering the most relevant protective mechanisms which make phytochemicals potentially useful in counteracting neurodegeneration. In this frame, we emphasize the potential role of the cell-clearing machinery as a kernel in the antioxidant, anti-aggregation, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial protecting effects of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mastroiacovo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Maico Polzella
- Aliveda Laboratories, Viale Karol Wojtyla 19, 56042 Crespina Lorenzana, Italy;
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (F.F.)
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Attari F, Ghadiri T, Hashemi M. Combination of curcumin with autologous transplantation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells leads to more efficient repair of damaged cerebral tissue of rat. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1610-1622. [PMID: 32627273 DOI: 10.1113/ep088697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Can the neuroprotective agent curcumin affect restorative action of neural stem/progenitor cells in the injured rat brain? What is the main finding and its importance? In the presence of curcumin, transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the context of PuraMatrix reduced lesion size and reactive inflammatory responses, and boosted survival rate of grafted neurons. In addition it improved the neurological status of injured animals. This could be beneficial in designing new therapeutic approaches for brain injury based on this combination therapy. ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is catastrophic neurological damage associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. To date, there is no specific treatment for restoring lost brain tissue. In light of the complex pathology of brain injury, the present study evaluated the effects of combination therapy using autologous neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs), PuraMatrix (PM) and curcumin in an animal model of brain injury. After stereotactic biopsy of subventricular zone tissue and culture of NS/PCs, 36 male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were randomly divided into six groups receiving dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), curcumin (100 mg kg-1 in DMSO), PM + curcumin (100 mg kg-1 in DMSO), NS/PCs + curcumin (100 mg kg-1 in DMSO), NS/PCs + PM + curcumin (100 mg kg-1 in DMSO) and NS/PCs + PM + curcumin (1 µm) following acute brain injury. The animals were evaluated in term of neurological status for 4 weeks, then decapitated. Nissl and TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry for bromodeoxyuridine, glial fibrillary acidic protein, doublecortin, Map2, Olig2, Iba1 and CD68 were performed. We found that combination therapy by NS/PCs + PM + curcumin reduced the lesion size, astrogliosis, macrophage and microglial reaction as well as the number of apoptotic cells. Moreover, the transplanted cells were able to survive and differentiate after 4 weeks. Besides these findings, transplantation of NS/PCs in the context of PM and curcumin improved the neurological status of injured animals. In conclusion, our data suggest that this combination therapy can be beneficial in developing future therapeutic approaches for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Attari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ghadiri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Hashemi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abbaszadeh F, Fakhri S, Khan H. Targeting apoptosis and autophagy following spinal cord injury: Therapeutic approaches to polyphenols and candidate phytochemicals. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105069. [PMID: 32652198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder associated with the loss of sensory and motor function. Understanding the precise dysregulated signaling pathways, especially apoptosis and autophagy following SCI, is of vital importance in developing innovative therapeutic targets and treatments. The present study lies in the fact that it reveals the precise dysregulated signaling mediators of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI and also examines the effects of polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals. It provides new insights to develop new treatments for post-SCI complications. Accordingly, a comprehensive review was conducted using electronic databases including, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline, along with the authors' expertise in apoptosis and autophagy as well as their knowledge about the effects of polyphenols and other phytochemicals on SCI pathogenesis. The primary mechanical injury to spinal cord is followed by a secondary cascade of apoptosis and autophagy that play critical roles during SCI. In terms of pharmacological mechanisms, caspases, Bax/Bcl-2, TNF-α, and JAK/STAT in apoptosis along with LC3 and Beclin-1 in autophagy have shown a close interconnection with the inflammatory pathways mainly glutamatergic, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK/MAPK, and other cross-linked mediators. Besides, apoptotic pathways have been shown to regulate autophagy mediators and vice versa. Prevailing evidence has highlighted the importance of modulating these signaling mediators/pathways by polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals post-SCI. The present review provides dysregulated signaling mediators and therapeutic targets of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI, focusing on the modulatory effects of polyphenols and other potential phytochemical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Ray SK. Modulation of autophagy for neuroprotection and functional recovery in traumatic spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1601-1612. [PMID: 32209759 PMCID: PMC7437603 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious central nervous system trauma that leads to loss of motor and sensory functions in the SCI patients. One of the cell death mechanisms is autophagy, which is 'self-eating' of the damaged and misfolded proteins and nucleic acids, damaged mitochondria, and other impaired organelles for recycling of cellular building blocks. Autophagy is different from all other cell death mechanisms in one important aspect that it gives the cells an opportunity to survive or demise depending on the circumstances. Autophagy is a therapeutic target for alleviation of pathogenesis in traumatic SCI. However, functions of autophagy in traumatic SCI remain controversial. Spatial and temporal patterns of activation of autophagy after traumatic SCI have been reported to be contradictory. Formation of autophagosomes following therapeutic activation or inhibition of autophagy flux is ambiguous in traumatic SCI studies. Both beneficial and harmful outcomes due to enhancement autophagy have been reported in traumatic SCI studies in preclinical models. Only further studies will make it clear whether therapeutic activation or inhibition of autophagy is beneficial in overall outcomes in preclinical models of traumatic SCI. Therapeutic enhancement of autophagy flux may digest the damaged components of the central nervous system cells for recycling and thereby facilitating functional recovery. Many studies demonstrated activation of autophagy flux and inhibition of apoptosis for neuroprotective effects in traumatic SCI. Therapeutic induction of autophagy in traumatic SCI promotes axonal regeneration, supporting another beneficial role of autophagy in traumatic SCI. In contrast, some other studies demonstrated that disruption of autophagy flux in traumatic SCI strongly correlated with neuronal death at remote location and impaired functional recovery. This article describes our current understanding of roles of autophagy in acute and chronic traumatic SCI, cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis, therapeutic activation or inhibition of autophagy for promoting functional recovery, and future of autophagy in traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan K. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA,Correspondence to: Swapan K. Ray, .
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Forouzanfar F, Read MI, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Neuroprotective effects of curcumin through autophagy modulation. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:652-664. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Morgayn I. Read
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Limerick Limerick Ireland
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA Tehran Iran
- Biotechnology Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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