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Tekin N, Ertuğrul Karatay S, Dönmez G. Third generation biobutanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii in a medium containing mixotrophically cultivated Dunaliella salina biomass. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:483-493. [PMID: 37610720 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2248298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aims the third generation biobutanol production in P2 medium supplemented D. salina biomass mixotrophically cultivated with marble waste (MW). The wastes derived from the marble industry contain approximately 90% of carbon-rich compounds. Microalgal growth in mixotrophic conditions was optimized in the 0.4-2 g/L of MW concentration range. The highest microalgal concentration was obtained as 0.481 g/L in the presence of 1 g/L MW. Furthermore, some important parameters for the production of biobutanol, such as microalgal cultivation conditions, initial mixotrophic microalgal biomass loading (50-300 g/L), and fermentation time (24-96 h) were optimized. The highest biobutanol, total ABE, biobutanol yield and productivity were determined as 11.88 g/L, 13.89 g/L, 0.331 g/g and 0.165 g/L/h at the end of 72 h in P2 medium including 60 g/L glucose and 200 g/L microalgal biomass cultivated in 1 g/L MW, respectively. The results show that D. salina is a suitable raw material for supporting Clostridium beijerinckii DSMZ 6422 cells on biobutanol production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the use of MW which is a promising feedstock on the mixotrophic cultivation of D. salina for biobutanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlıhan Tekin
- Science Faculty, Biology Department, Ankara University, Beşevler, Turkey
| | | | - Gönül Dönmez
- Science Faculty, Biology Department, Ankara University, Beşevler, Turkey
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Sundaram T, Rajendran S, Gnanasekaran L, Rachmadona N, Jiang JJ, Khoo KS, Show PL. Bioengineering strategies of microalgae biomass for biofuel production: recent advancement and insight. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2252228. [PMID: 37661811 PMCID: PMC10478748 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2252228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae-based biofuel developed over the past decade has become a viable substitute for petroleum-based energy sources. Due to their high lipid accumulation rates and low carbon dioxide emissions, microalgal species are considered highly valuable feedstock for biofuel generation. This review article presented the importance of biofuel and the flaws that need to be overcome to ensure algae-based biofuels are effective for future-ready bioenergy sources. Besides, several issues related to the optimization and engineering strategies to be implemented for microalgae-based biofuel derivatives and their production were evaluated. In addition, the fundamental studies on the microalgae technology, experimental cultivation, and engineering processes involved in the development are all measures that are commendably used in the pre-treatment processes. The review article also provides a comprehensive overview of the latest findings about various algae species cultivation and biomass production. It concludes with the most recent data on environmental consequences, their relevance to global efforts to create microalgae-based biomass as effective biofuels, and the most significant threats and future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaivel Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Lalitha Gnanasekaran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Centre for Research & Development, Mohali, India
| | - Nova Rachmadona
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Jheng-Jie Jiang
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Risk Management (CERM), Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Silva TAFDA, Silva PEDACE, Nascimento TP, Costa RMPB, Converti A, Porto ALF, Bezerra RP. Cost-effective fibrinolytic enzyme production by microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta using medium supplemented with corn steep liquor. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220552. [PMID: 37585969 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme from the microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta was produced under mixotrophic conditions using different corn steep liquor (CSL) concentrations ( 0 ≤ CLS ≤ 0.75%), purified using a combination of salting out and ion-exchange chromatography, and then biochemical characterized. Cultivation of this microalga using 0.5% CSL led to the highest maximum cell concentration (1.960±0.010 mg L-1) and cell productivity (0.140g L-1 day-1), besides a high fibrinolytic activity of the extract obtained by the homogenization method (102 ±1 U mL-1). The enzyme extracted from the microalgal biomass was 5-fold purified with a 20% yield and was found to have a specific activity of 670 U mg-1. The enzyme, whose molecular weight determined by fibrin zymography was 10 kDa, was shown to be stable at pH 3.0-9.0 and up to 70°C with optimal pH and temperature values of 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. When compared to other fibrinolytic enzymes, this protease stood out for its high fibrinolytic activity, which was enhanced by Fe2+, inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, and strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting that it belongs to the serine metalloprotease family. Moreover, thanks to its thermal stability, the enzyme may be easily preserved and activated under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio A F DA Silva
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., s/n, Dois irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Páblo E DA C E Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Prof. Moraes Ave., s/n, Várzea, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Nascimento
- Federal University of Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Br 135, Km 3, Planalto Horizonte, 64900-000 Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - Romero M P B Costa
- University of Pernambuco-UPE, Institute of Biological Sciences, 310, Arnóbio Marquês St., Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, via Opera Pia 15, 16145, 50100-130 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ana Lúcia F Porto
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., s/n, Dois irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Prof. Moraes Ave., s/n, Várzea, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel P Bezerra
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., s/n, Dois irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Wang S, Zhao Q, Yu H, Du X, Zhang T, Sun T, Song W. Assessing the potential of Chlorella sp. phycoremediation liquid digestates from brewery wastes mixture integrated with bioproduct production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1199472. [PMID: 37388770 PMCID: PMC10303122 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1199472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestates from different anaerobic digesters are promising substrates for microalgal culture, leading to effective wastewater treatment and the production of microalgal biomass. However, further detailed research is needed before they can be used on a large scale. The aims of this study were to investigate the culture of Chlorella sp. in DigestateM from anaerobic fermentation of brewer's grains and brewery wastewater (BWW) and to explore the potential use of the biomass produced under different experimental conditions, including diverse cultivation modes and dilution ratios. Cultivation in DigestateM initiated from 10% (v/v) loading, with 20% BWW, obtained maximum biomass production, reaching 1.36 g L-1 that was 0.27g L-1 higher than 1.09 g L-1 of BG11. In terms of DigestateM remediation, the maximum removal of ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus reached 98.20%, 89.98%, 86.98%, and 71.86%, respectively. The maximum lipid, carbohydrate, and protein contents were 41.60%, 32.44%, and 27.72%, respectively. The growth of Chlorella sp. may be inhibited when the Y(II)-Fv/Fm ratio is less than 0.4.
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Mohammadi FS, Arabian D. Optimization of
Chlorella vulgaris
cultivation grown in waste molasses syrup using mixture design. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Sadat Mohammadi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Malek Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Daryush Arabian
- Faculty of Applied Science Malek Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
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Comparative study between immobilized and suspended Chlorella sp in treatment of pollutant sites in Dhiba port Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10766. [PMID: 36193529 PMCID: PMC9526162 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dhiba port has a strategic location near the Neom project. Various anthropogenic activities contributed to the discharge of metals, metalloids and oil spills in the aquatic system and caused environmental pollution. Microalgae are the best microorganisms in aquatic conditions known to be capable of eliminating contaminants. In this work the Chlorella sp. was isolated from seawater, the metals, metalloids were determine using ICP- OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer) and hydrocarbons were determine using GC-MS in different five sites in Dhiba port, after and before treated with Chlorella sp, and immobilized Chlorella sp. The growth parameters (optical density and pigment contents) of Chlorella sp and immobilized Chlorella sp. were investigated during 14 days of grown. The results showed that the most contaminated site by metals and metalloids was site no 3, by Sb, As, Be, Se, and Zn with concentrations 0.07546, 0.05709, 0.09326, 0.4618, and 0.00979 mg/L respectively, and site no 1 was the most contamination by organic compounds, so the site no 1 and site no 3 were chosen to test the efficiency of Chlorella sp. and immobilized Chlorella sp. to remove hydrocarbons and both metals and metalloids. Chlorella sp. and immobilized Chlorella sp. had completely removed metals and metalloids that were present in site 3. There were only 6 compounds remained, after treatments with immobilized alga in site 1. Immobilized Chlorella sp. is the most effective than suspended Chlorella sp in reduces the number of organic compounds in contaminated area. It is an economic tool due to simplifying harvesting and then retaining for further processing.
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Gohara-Beirigo AK, Matsudo MC, Cezare-Gomes EA, Carvalho JCMD, Danesi EDG. Microalgae trends toward functional staple food incorporation: Sustainable alternative for human health improvement. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yousif YID, Mohamed ES, El-Gendy AS. Using chlorella vulgaris for nutrient removal from hydroponic wastewater: experimental investigation and economic assessment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:3240-3258. [PMID: 35704408 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the use of Chlorella vulgaris for bioremediating hydroponic wastewater and producing biomass under different cultivation modes and to explore the economic implications of microalgal biofuels. Total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 98.5% in mixotrophic conditions and 96% in heterotrophic conditions, and total phosphorus (TP) was completely removed (>99%) in both cultivation conditions. TN removal was higher for that which was cultivated under the mixotrophic mode of cultivation. The maximum biomass production (1.26 g/L) and biomass productivity (0.1108 g/L/day) were also reported for mixotrophic conditions. Lipid content was slightly higher for that which was cultivated under heterotrophic conditions: 33 wt% on an ash-free dry weight (AFDW) basis. The highest lipid production was obtained under mixotrophic growth (0.341 g/L). Higher net profit was obtained for both mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivations: 30.6 million $/year for a plant capacity of 3.29 × 104 tone/year and 30.12 million $/year for a plant capacity of 3.17 × 104 tone/year respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that biodiesel and nutritious supplements from soluble protein have the greatest impact on the process economics regarding mixotrophic cultivation, while biodiesel and feeds from insoluble protein have the largest effect on the process economics regarding heterotrophic and autotrophic cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I D Yousif
- Environmental Engineering Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Essam Sh Mohamed
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - A S El-Gendy
- Department of Construction Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt E-mail:
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Song Y, Wang X, Cui H, Ji C, Xue J, Jia X, Ma R, Li R. Enhancing growth and oil accumulation of a palmitoleic acid-rich Scenedesmus obliquus in mixotrophic cultivation with acetate and its potential for ammonium-containing wastewater purification and biodiesel production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113273. [PMID: 34311253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A palmitoleic acid-rich Scenedesmus obliquus strain SXND-02 was isolated from ammonium-containing wastewater. Biomass and lipid production were examined for this microalgal strain in photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivations, respectively, in order to extend its application in wastewater purification coupled with production of valued bio-products. Among the tested conditions, the microalga had better growth and higher lipid accumulation in mixotrophy. NH4Cl inhibited the microalgal growth in photoautotrophic cultivation. However, NaAc alleviated this inhibition in both heterotrophy and mixotrophy. Using 7 g L-1 NaAc and 0.5 g L-1 NH4Cl as carbon and nitrogen sources significantly increased the algal biomass and lipid yields under mixotrophic cultivation, with the highest levels up to 1.0 g L-1 and 59.88%, respectively. Fatty acid profiling indicated that palmitoleic acid was 23% in the S. obliquus SXND-02 under mixotrophic condition, which was about 21-fold higher than that in the control S. obliquus. Furthermore, this microalgal strain was tested in the chicken farm wastewater (CFW) containing high ammonium. Compared with other treatments, the S. obliquus SXND-02 cultivated in the 1/2 CFW + NaAc medium produced larger amounts of biomass (2.18 g L-1) and lipids (50.22%), and simultaneously higher removal rates of total nitrogen (TN) (80%), total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) (68%), total phosphate (TP) (82%), biological oxygen demand (BOD) (86%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (89%) from wastewater. The present data indicate that this excellent microalga can be used in mixotrophic cultivation for wastewater purification coupled with commercial production of valued biomass and high-quality algal oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Song
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Hongli Cui
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Chunli Ji
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jinai Xue
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Ruiyan Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Arutselvan C, Narchonai G, Pugazhendhi A, LewisOscar F, Thajuddin N. Evaluation of microalgal strains and microalgal consortium for higher lipid productivity and rich fatty acid profile towards sustainable biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 339:125524. [PMID: 34303097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This present study has attempted to screen four microalgal strainsChlorella vulgaris, Coelastrellasp.Scenedesmus dimorphusandChlorococcumsp. and consortium for biodiesel application.Coelastrella sp. was found to show marginally higher optical density of 1.13 on 19th day whereas C. vulgaris and S. dimorphus consortium showed 1.59 OD. Regarding the dry cell weight, S. dimorphus and Chlorella vulgaris was found to yield higher DCW at about 0.544 and 0.508 g/L, respectively. In outdoor pond raceway pond, C. vulgaris and S. dimorphus yielded 0.76-0.80 g/L while consortium showed 0.87 g/L biomass. In the case of lipid content, S. dimorphus, C. vulgaris and consortium accumulated 36.4, 35.5 and 39.2% lipids, respectively in lab, whereas in outdoor raceway pond it was 26.4, 32.3 and 34.5%, respectively. The fatty profile of Chlorella and Scenedesmus sp. showed linolelaidic acid, and cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid as prevalent fatty acids whereas the consortium has 53.5% oleic acid than other fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chithirai Arutselvan
- National Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria - Freshwater (NRMC-F) (Sponsored by the DBT, Govt. of India), Division of Microalgal Biodiversity and Bioenergy, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesan Narchonai
- National Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria - Freshwater (NRMC-F) (Sponsored by the DBT, Govt. of India), Division of Microalgal Biodiversity and Bioenergy, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Felix LewisOscar
- National Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria - Freshwater (NRMC-F) (Sponsored by the DBT, Govt. of India), Division of Microalgal Biodiversity and Bioenergy, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nooruddin Thajuddin
- National Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria - Freshwater (NRMC-F) (Sponsored by the DBT, Govt. of India), Division of Microalgal Biodiversity and Bioenergy, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Moreno Osorio JH, Pollio A, Frunzo L, Lens PNL, Esposito G. A Review of Microalgal Biofilm Technologies: Definition, Applications, Settings and Analysis. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.737710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-based algal cultivation has many advantages over the conventional suspended growth methods and has received increased attention as a potential platform for algal production, wastewater treatment (nutrient removal), and a potential pathway to supply feedstock for microalgae-based biorefinery attempts. However, the attached cultivation by definition and application is a result of a complex interaction between the biotic and abiotic components involved. Therefore, the entire understanding of the biofilm nature is still a research challenge due to the need for real-time analysis of the system. In this review, the state of the art of biofilm definition, its life cycle, the proposed designs of bioreactors, screening of carrier materials, and non-destructive techniques for the study of biofilm formation and performance are summarized. Perspectives for future research needs are also discussed to provide a primary reference for the further development of microalgal biofilm systems.
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Assuaging Microalgal Harvesting Woes via Attached Growth: A Critical Review to Produce Sustainable Microalgal Feedstock. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Third-generation biofuels that are derived from microalgal biomass have gained momentum as a way forward in the sustainable production of biodiesel. Such efforts are propelled by the intention to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels as the primary source of energy. Accordingly, growing microalgal biomass in the form of suspended cultivation has been a conventional technique for the past few decades. To overcome the inevitable harvesting shortcomings arising from the excessive energy and time needed to separate the planktonic microalgal cells from water medium, researchers have started to explore attached microalgal cultivation systems. This cultivation mode permits the ease of harvesting mature microalgal biomass, circumventing the need to employ complex harvesting techniques to single out the cells, and is economically attractive. However, the main bottleneck associated with attached microalgal growth is low biomass production due to the difficulties the microalgal cells have in forming attachment and populating thereafter. In this regard, the current review encompasses the novel techniques adopted to promote attached microalgal growth. The physicochemical effects such as the pH of the culture medium, hydrophobicity, as well as the substratum surface properties and abiotic factors that can determine the fate of exponential growth of attached microalgal cells, are critically reviewed. This review aims to unveil the benefits of an attached microalgal cultivation system as a promising harvesting technique to produce sustainable biodiesel for lasting applications.
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Ravanipour M, Hamidi A, Mahvi AH. Microalgae biodiesel: A systematic review in Iran. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Yahampath Arachchige Don CDY, Babel S. Circulation of anodic effluent to the cathode chamber for subsequent treatment of wastewater in photosynthetic microbial fuel cell with generation of bioelectricity and algal biomass. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130455. [PMID: 33839395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic wastewater containing 1500 mg L-1 of COD was treated in the anode chamber for 5, 10, and 20 d. An anode chamber was conducted under anaerobic conditions with mixed culture bacteria inoculum attached to the anode. Anodic effluent was transferred to the cathode chamber for further treatment for 5, 10, and 20 d as the growth medium of Chlorella vulgaris. The microalgal photosynthesis process provided oxygen for the cathodic reaction. In 5 d of anodic hydraulic retention time (HRT), the effluent contained high COD, resulting in low power generation in the P-MFC due to the heterotrophic metabolism carried out by microalgae diminishing photosynthesis. However, high biomass productivity up to 0.649 g L-1 d-1 was obtained in the subsequent treatment of 5 d in the cathode chamber. An anodic HRT of 10 d resulted in higher power generation (0.0254 kWh kg-1 COD), and higher COD removal efficiency up to 60%. A further 10 d treatment in the cathode chamber increased the COD removal efficiency up to 74%. Anode and cathode chambers combined removed 79% of NH4+-N concentration from the original synthetic wastewater within 20 d. This study demonstrated that the anodic effluent of the P-MFC can be utilized in the cathode chamber as a growth medium for microalgae if conducted with appropriate HRT in the anode. P-MFC provides a promising sustainable solution for wastewater treatment while generating electricity and algal biomass as by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamath D Y Yahampath Arachchige Don
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sandhya Babel
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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Kassim MA, Ramli SH, Meng TK. Analysis of microalgal growth kinetic model and carbohydrate biosynthesis cultivated using agro-industrial waste residuals as carbon source. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:514-524. [PMID: 34455938 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1969576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal carbohydrate is considered one of the potential feedstock for biofuel produced via the bioconversion process. However, the current cultivation process using commercial medium exhibited low biomass production and its carbohydrate productivity which become a bottleneck for sustainable microalgal-carbohydrate-based biofuel production. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the utilization of industrial waste including molasses and glycerol on the Halochlorella rubescens and Tetraselmis suecica growth as well as its carbohydrate content under different cultivation modes such as autotrophic, heterotrophic and photoheterotrophic conditions. From this study, the highest maximum biomass of H. rubenscens and T. suecica of 0.653 ± 0.009 and 0.669 ± 0.01gL-1 were obtained when the cultivation was performed under photoheterotrophic using molasses. High carbohydrate content of H. rubescens and T. seucica of 56.81 ± 0.39% and 71.52 ± 0.03% with glucose represent the dominant sugar was observed under this condition. The growth kinetic model of the analysis indicated that Huang and Gompertz Models described well the growth of H. rubescens and T. suecica under photoheteroptroph condition with a high significant R2 of 0.99. The information generated could be beneficial for the future development of low-cost microalgal cultivation media formulation for future microalgal carbohydrate-based products such as bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Asyraf Kassim
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hawa Ramli
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
| | - Tan Kean Meng
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
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Masojídek J, Ranglová K, Rearte TA, Celis Plá PS, Torzillo G, Benavides AMS, Neori A, Gómez C, Álvarez-Gómez F, Lukeš M, Caporgno MP, Abdala R, Miazek K, Massocato TF, da Silva JC, Atzmüller R, Al Mahrouqui H, Estrella FS, Figueroa FL. Changes in photosynthesis, growth and biomass composition in outdoor Chlorella g120 culture during the metabolic shift from heterotrophic to phototrophic cultivation regime. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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A New Shifting Strategy in Flashing Light Based on the Cell Growth Curve to Enhance β-carotene Biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2733-2740. [PMID: 34032884 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae Dunaliella salina has been recognized as an effective source of β-carotene. To elevate the productivity of this species, light has been served as an important induction factor, in this regard, a new idea was inspired as designing a red-to-blue wavelength shifting system based on the growth rate and cell behavior. A photobioreactor was exposed to two panels of flashing red and blue LEDs. At the commencement of the stationary phase, the wavelength shifting was applied and red LEDs were replaced with blue ones. Maximum β-carotene content of 10 mg.g-1 was obtained; at least 300% higher than the content in the controlled system (flashing red and blue light to the end of growth).
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Insights into the physiology of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in sweet sorghum bagasse hydrolysate for sustainable algal biomass and lipid production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6779. [PMID: 33762646 PMCID: PMC7991646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementing cultivation media with exogenous carbon sources enhances biomass and lipid production in microalgae. Utilization of renewable organic carbon from agricultural residues can potentially reduce the cost of algae cultivation, while enhancing sustainability. In the present investigation a medium was developed from sweet sorghum bagasse for cultivation of Chlorella under mixotrophic conditions. Using response surface methodology, the optimal values of critical process parameters were determined, namely inoculum cell density (O.D.750) of 0.786, SSB hydrolysate content of the medium 25% v/v, and zero medium salinity, to achieve maximum lipid productivity of 120 mg/L/d. Enhanced biomass (3.44 g/L) and lipid content (40% of dry cell weight) were observed when the alga was cultivated in SSB hydrolysate under mixotrophic conditions compared to heterotrophic and photoautotrophic conditions. A time course investigation revealed distinct physiological responses in terms of cellular growth and biochemical composition of C. vulgaris cultivated in the various trophic modes. The determined carbohydrate and lipid profiles indicate that sugar addition to the cultivation medium boosts neutral lipid synthesis compared to structural lipids, suggesting that carbon flux is channeled towards triacylglycerol synthesis in the cells. Furthermore, the fatty acid profile of lipids extracted from mixotrophically grown cultures contained more saturated and monosaturated fatty acids, which are suitable for biofuel manufacturing. Scale-up studies in a photobioreactor using SSB hydrolysate achieved a biomass concentration of 2.83 g/L consisting of 34% lipids and 26% carbohydrates. These results confirmed that SSB hydrolysate is a promising feedstock for mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella and synthesis of algal bioproducts and biofuels.
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Zhang J, Perré P. Gas production reveals the metabolism of immobilized Chlorella vulgaris during different trophic modes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123842. [PMID: 32717521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation modes of Chlorella vulgaris, a potential source of biofuel and CO2 mitigation, was studied in immobilized cultures. The gas concentration (O2 and CO2) was measured thanks to an original device manufactured using 3D printing. The biomass was monitored by 3D imaging and image processing. Net O2 and CO2 sources were obtained by a balance equation considering a calibrated leakage and the dissolved gas. Combined experimental and theoretical gas yields (mass of gas per mass of biomass), the photosynthesis proportion of mixotrophic colony was determined. Its increase with light intensity is not linear. Therefore, the highest light intensity (104μmol∙m-2∙s-1) revealed the limit of photosynthesis potential in the growth of mixotrophic colony. In the presence of light, the colony adopts a cylindrical shape instead of a spherical cap. This study proposed mechanisms of synergy inside the colony for heterotrophic and mixotrophic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France.
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Alam MM, Mumtaz AS, Hallenbeck PC, Shah SA, Abidin SZU, Inam F. Morphological characterization, growth appraisal, and probing biofuels potential of newly isolated Scenedesmus sp. from desert Cholistan. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:2079-2088. [PMID: 31587425 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have an excellent potential for producing valuable natural products, including biofuels. Therefore, it is imperative to explore and document the existing microalgal flora and utilize their potentials to cope the increasing human needs. The present work aims at exploring and characterizing newly isolated microalgae from desert Cholistan, a habitat with myriad algal diversity. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular phylogenetic approaches were used for species-level identification. Characterization and growth optimization of Scendesmus sp. were analyzed under three different growth modes to determine the most favorable conditions for increasing biomass, growth rate, and lipid content. The results revealed that mixotrophic (MT) mode significantly increases photosynthetic activity, growth rate, and lipid content with glycerol as supplement carbon source. The investigated Scenedesmus dimorphous produced a maximum dry weight of 1.73 g L-1 , improved fatty acid methyl esters profile and yield lipid up to 40% of DCW (68 g L-1 ) under MT mode, which is almost double to that of photoautotrophic cultivation. The glycerol availability in medium has been identified as the critical element for boosting growth and lipid content. Thus, it can reduce the cost of biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Maqsood Alam
- Departement de microbiologie et immunologie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad Mumtaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Patrick C Hallenbeck
- Departement de microbiologie et immunologie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sayed Afzal Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shiekh Zain Ul Abidin
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi
| | - Farooq Inam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Patel AK, Joun JM, Hong ME, Sim SJ. Effect of light conditions on mixotrophic cultivation of green microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:245-253. [PMID: 30870690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current research aimed to increase mixotrophic biomass from various organic carbon sources by exploring best light conditions. Three substrates glucose, acetic acid and glycerol were studied for their effects on mixotrophic microalgae cultivation under four light conditions. Light irradiance exhibited variability in growth response and photosynthetic efficiency based on type of substrates used in mixotrophic growth. Each substrate showed variability in light requirements for their effective assimilations. From growth responses, glucose and acetic acid respectively exhibited heterotrophic and mixotrophic (better growth in light) natures. Continuous light-deficient condition was adequate for effective mixotrophic growth as well as energy saving for glucose. However, light-sufficient condition required for effective acetic acid supported mixotrophic growth. Mixotrophic benefits from glycerol and its uptake by Chlorella protothecoides was negligible in all light conditions. Investigation of heterotrophic biomass contribution by various substrates in overall mixotrophic yield, glucose offered maximum approx. 43% contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Joun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Eui Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Effect of trophic conditions on microalga growth, nutrient removal, algal organic matter, and energy storage products in Scenedesmus (Acutodesmus) obliquus KGE-17 cultivation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1225-1234. [PMID: 30993444 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the performance of microalga growth, nutrient removal, algal organic matter, and energy storage products in mixotrophic, photoautotrophic, and heterotrophic conditions. Scenedesmus obliquus was used as a model species. Mixotrophic condition showed the highest specific growth rate of 0.96 d-1 as well as the fastest nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate of 85.17 mg-N g-cell-1 day-1 and 11.49 mg-P g-cell-1 day-1, respectively, compared with photoautotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Mixotrophic microalgae had relatively higher carbohydrates and lipids contents (21.8 and 24.0%) than photoautotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Meanwhile, algal organic matter (AOM) in the medium was produced at the highest level under photoautotrophic condition. Mixotrophic condition was more efficient in terms of microalga growth, nutrient removal, production of energy storage products, and suppression of AOM, and would be adaptable for wastewater treatment process.
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Nutrient removal from high strength nitrate containing industrial wastewater using Chlorella sp. strain ACUF_802. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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