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Zorina M, Dotsenko VV, Nesterenko PN, Temerdashev A, Dmitrieva E, Feng YQ, Atapattu SN. Phthalylglycyl Chloride as a Derivatization Agent for UHPLC-MS/MS Determination of Adrenaline, Dopamine and Octopamine in Urine. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072900. [PMID: 37049663 PMCID: PMC10095875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine, adrenaline and octopamine are small polar molecules that play a vital role in regulatory systems. In this paper, phthalylglycyl chloride was proposed as a derivatization agent for octopamine, adrenaline and dopamine determination in urine for the first time. The derivatization procedure facilitated the use of reversed-phase liquid chromatography with positive electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry. An LC-HRMS method was developed that provided quantification limits of 5 ng/mL and detection limits of 1.5 ng/mL for all analytes. The 95-97% yield of derivates was observed after a 10 min derivatization with phthalylglycyl chloride at pH 6.5 and 30 °C. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of human urine samples. The obtained results were compared with those of conventional derivatization procedures with 9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl chloride and dansyl chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zorina
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Victor V Dotsenko
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Department of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, North-Caucasus Federal University, 1 Pushkina St., 355000 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Pavel N Nesterenko
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Azamat Temerdashev
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Dmitrieva
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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2
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Emanuel KM, Runner K, Brodnik ZD, Morsey BM, Lamberty BG, Johnson HS, Acharya A, Byrareddy SN, España RA, Fox HS, Gaskill PJ. Deprenyl reduces inflammation during acute SIV infection. iScience 2022; 25:104207. [PMID: 35494221 PMCID: PMC9046124 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of antiretroviral therapy, inflammation is a central factor in numerous HIV-associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This highlights the value of developing therapeutics that both reduce HIV-associated inflammation and treat associated comorbidities. Previous research on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) suggests this class of drugs has anti-inflammatory properties in addition to neuropsychiatric effects. Therefore, we examined the impact of deprenyl, an MAOI, on SIV-associated inflammation during acute SIV infection using the rhesus macaque model of HIV infection. Our results show deprenyl decreased both peripheral and CNS inflammation but had no effect on viral load in either the periphery or CNS. These data show that the MAOI deprenyl may have broad anti-inflammatory effects when given during the acute stage of SIV infection, suggesting more research into the anti-inflammatory effects of this drug could result in a beneficial adjuvant for antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Emanuel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - K Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Z D Brodnik
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, NIH Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Neuronal Networks Section, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - B M Morsey
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - B G Lamberty
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - H S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - A Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - S N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - R A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - H S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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Brooks EL, Mutengwa VS, Abdalla A, Yeoman MS, Patel BA. Determination of tryptophan metabolism from biological tissues and fluids using high performance liquid chromatography with simultaneous dual electrochemical detection. Analyst 2019; 144:6011-6018. [PMID: 31538156 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin and kynurenine are formed following metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan. Both molecules play important biological roles and the balance of how tryptophan metabolism varies to either the serotonin or kynurenine pathway may provide key insight into the inflammatory status of the biological region. At present complex chromatographic methods are utilised which predominately focus on either monitoring analytes in the serotonin or kynurenine pathway rather than both. Our study develops a simple yet robust methodology for the monitoring of tryptophan metabolism. We utilised isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with simultaneously dual electrochemical detection. This approach allowed for separation of co-eluted analytes and identification of analytes from both pathways within 14 minutes. For all analytes, limits of detection were <35 nM. No crosstalk was observed when dual simultaneous detection was conducted in a radial flow cell. Responses from the hippocampus, blood and ileum mucosa highlighted that each region had a varying ratio of serotonin to kynurenine pathway, indicating varied approaches to tryptophan metabolism. The developed method can monitor how the metabolism of tryptophan varies between the two pathways which can provide insight into the inflammatory state of reach region with age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Brodnik ZD, Black EM, Clark MJ, Kornsey KN, Snyder NW, España RA. Susceptibility to traumatic stress sensitizes the dopaminergic response to cocaine and increases motivation for cocaine. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:295-307. [PMID: 28778834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder have a heightened vulnerability to developing substance use disorders; however, the biological underpinnings of this vulnerability remain unresolved. We used the predator odor stress model of post-traumatic stress disorder with segregation of subjects as susceptible or resilient based on elevated plus maze behavior and context avoidance. We then determined behavioral and neurochemical differences across susceptible, resilient, and control populations using a panel of behavioral and neurochemical assays. Susceptible subjects showed a significant increase in the motoric and dopaminergic effects of cocaine, and this corresponded with heightened motivation to self-administer cocaine. Resilient subjects did not show differences in the motoric effects of cocaine, in dopamine signaling in vivo, or in any measure of cocaine self-administration. Nonetheless, we found that these animals displayed elevations in both the dopamine release-promoting effects of cocaine and dopamine autoreceptor sensitivity ex vivo. Our results suggest that the experience of traumatic stress may produce alterations in dopamine systems that drive elevations in cocaine self-administration behavior in susceptible subjects, but may also produce both active and passive forms of resilience that function to prevent gross changes in cocaine's reinforcing efficacy in resilient subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Brodnik
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 W Queen Lane, Philadelphia PA, 19129, United States
| | - Emily M Black
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 W Queen Lane, Philadelphia PA, 19129, United States
| | - Meagan J Clark
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 W Queen Lane, Philadelphia PA, 19129, United States
| | - Kristen N Kornsey
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 W Queen Lane, Philadelphia PA, 19129, United States
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Drexel University, A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 W Queen Lane, Philadelphia PA, 19129, United States.
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Allen SA, Rednour S, Shepard S, Pond BB. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection assay for the quantitative determination of monoamines and respective metabolites in six discrete brain regions of mice. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28474759 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, and reproducible assay is described for the quantitative determination of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, their metabolites, and the internal standard 3,4-dihydroxybenzlyamine hydro-bromide in mouse brain homogenate using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The method was validated in the following brain areas: frontal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. Biogenic amines and relevant metabolites were extracted from discrete brain regions using a simple protein precipitation procedure, and the chromatography was achieved using a C18 column. The method was accurate over the linear range of 0.300-30 ng/mL (r = 0.999) for dopamine and 0.300-15 ng/mL (r = 0.999) for norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxybenzlyamine hydro-bromide, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, with detection limits of ~0.125 ng/mL (5 pg on column) for each of these analytes. Accuracy and linearity for serotonin were observed throughout the concentration range of 0.625-30 ng/mL (r = 0.998) with an analytical detection limit of ~0.300 ng/mL (12 pg on column). Relative recoveries for all analytes were approximately ≥90% and the analytical run time was <10 min. The described method utilized minimal sample preparation procedures and was optimized to provide the sensitivity limits required for simultaneous monoamine and metabolite analysis in small, discrete brain tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena A Allen
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephanie Rednour
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samantha Shepard
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brooks Barnes Pond
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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Brodnik ZD, Double M, España RA, Jaskiw GE. L-Tyrosine availability affects basal and stimulated catecholamine indices in prefrontal cortex and striatum of the rat. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:159-174. [PMID: 28571714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that L-tyrosine (L-TYR) but not D-TYR administered by reverse dialysis elevated catecholamine synthesis in vivo in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and striatum of the rat (Brodnik et al., 2012). We now report L-TYR effects on extracellular levels of catecholamines and their metabolites. In MPFC, reverse dialysis of L-TYR elevated in vivo levels of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (L-TYR 250-1000 μM), homovanillic acid (HVA) (L-TYR 1000 μM) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) (L-TYR 500-1000 μM). In striatum L-TYR 250 μM elevated DOPAC. We also examined L-TYR effects on extracellular dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels during two 30 min pulses (P2 and P1) of K+ (37.5 mM) separated by t = 2.0 h. L-TYR significantly elevated the ratio P2/P1 for DA (L-TYR 125 μM) and NE (L-TYR 125-250 μM) in MPFC but lowered P2/P1 for DA (L-TYR 250 μM) in striatum. Finally, we measured DA levels in brain slices using ex-vivo voltammetry. Perfusion with L-TYR (12.5-50 μM) dose-dependently elevated stimulated DA levels in striatum. In all the above studies, D-TYR had no effect. We conclude that acute increases within the physiological range of L-TYR levels can increase catecholamine metabolism and efflux in MPFC and striatum. Chronically, such repeated increases in L-TYR availability could induce adaptive changes in catecholamine transmission while amplifying the metabolic cost of catecholamine synthesis and degradation. This has implications for neuropsychiatric conditions in which neurotoxicity and/or disordered L-TYR transport have been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Brodnik
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 W. Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Manda Double
- Medical Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland DVAMC, 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 W. Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - George E Jaskiw
- Medical Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland DVAMC, 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Dept. of Psychiatry, Case Western University Medical Center at W.O. Walker 10524 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44133, United States.
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Rao AN, Patil A, Brodnik ZD, Qiang L, España RA, Sullivan KA, Black MM, Baas PW. Pharmacologically increasing microtubule acetylation corrects stress-exacerbated effects of organophosphates on neurons. Traffic 2017; 18:433-441. [PMID: 28471062 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War contracted Gulf War Illness (GWI), a multisymptom disease that primarily affects the nervous system. Here, we treated cultures of human or rat neurons with diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), an analog of sarin, one of the organophosphate (OP) toxicants to which the military veterans were exposed. All observed cellular defects produced by DFP were exacerbated by pretreatment with corticosterone or cortisol, which, in rat and human neurons, respectively, serves in our experiments to mimic the physical stress endured by soldiers during the war. To best mimic the disease, DFP was used below the level needed to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. We observed a diminution in the ratio of acetylated to total tubulin that was correctable by treatment with tubacin, a drug that inhibits HDAC6, the tubulin deacetylase. The reduction in microtubule acetylation was coupled with deficits in microtubule dynamics, which were correctable by HDAC6 inhibition. Deficits in mitochondrial transport and dopamine release were also improved by tubacin. Thus, various negative effects of the toxicant/stress exposures were at least partially correctable by restoring microtubule acetylation to a more normal status. Such an approach may have therapeutic benefit for individuals suffering from GWI or other neurological disorders linked to OP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand N Rao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ankita Patil
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary D Brodnik
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liang Qiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Mark M Black
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Schou-Pedersen AMV, Hansen SN, Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J. Simultaneous quantification of monoamine neurotransmitters and their biogenic metabolites intracellularly and extracellularly in primary neuronal cell cultures and in sub-regions of guinea pig brain. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1028:222-230. [PMID: 27379407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, we describe a validated chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of monoamine neurotransmitters and their biogenic metabolites intracellularly and extracellularly in primary neuronal cell culture and in sub-regions of the guinea pig brain. Electrochemical detection provided limits of quantifications (LOQs) between 3.6 and 12nM. Within the linear range, obtained recoveries were from 90.9±9.9 to 120±14% and intra-day and inter-day precisions found to be less than 5.5% and 12%, respectively. The analytical method was applicable for quantification of intracellular and extracellular amounts of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in guinea pig frontal cortex and hippocampal primary neuronal cell cultures. Noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin were found to be in a range from 0.31 to 1.7pmol per 2 million cells intracellularly, but only the biogenic metabolites could be detected extracellularly. Distinct differences in monoamine concentrations were observed when comparing concentrations in guinea pig frontal cortex and cerebellum tissue with higher amounts of dopamine and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in frontal cortex, as compared to cerebellum. The chemical turnover in frontal cortex tissue of guinea pig was for serotonin successfully predicted from the turnover observed in the frontal cortex cell culture. In conclusion, the present analytical method shows high precision, accuracy and sensitivity and is broadly applicable to monoamine measurements in cell cultures as well as brain biopsies from animal models used in preclinical neurochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie V Schou-Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Stine N Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Soponar F, Sandru M, David V. Dependence of reversed-phase liquid chromatographic retention for aripiprazole and some related chemical impurities on the main elution parameters. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1126729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florin Soponar
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research and Development Center, S.C. Polipharma Industries S.R.L., Sibiu, Romania
| | - Mihaela Sandru
- Research and Development Center, S.C. Polipharma Industries S.R.L., Sibiu, Romania
| | - Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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