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Isaacs A, Bonsey A, Couch D. Centralized Intake Models and Recommendations for Their Use in Non-Acute Mental Health Services: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095747. [PMID: 37174264 PMCID: PMC10177908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Centralized intake [CI] or single-entry models are utilized in health systems to facilitate service access by reducing waiting times. This scoping review aims to consolidate the Literature on CI service models to identify their characteristics and rationales for their use, as well as contexts in which they are used and challenges and benefits in implementing them. The review also aims to offer some lessons learned from the Literature and to make recommendations for its implementation in non-acute mental health services. The findings show that CI is mostly considered when there is increased demand for services and clients are required to navigate multiple services that operate individually. Successful models have meaningfully engaged all stakeholders from the outset and the telephone is the most common mode of intake. Recommendations are made for planning and preparation, for elements of the model, and for setting up the service network. When successfully implemented, CI has been shown to improve access and increase demand for services. However, if CI is not supported by a network of service providers who offer care that is acceptable to clients, the purpose of its implementation could be lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Isaacs
- School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Warragul, VIC 3820, Australia
| | - Alistair Bonsey
- Victorian and Tasmanian Primary Health Network Alliance, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Danielle Couch
- School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Warragul, VIC 3820, Australia
- Victorian and Tasmanian Primary Health Network Alliance, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Logan-Greene P, Bascug EW, DiClemente RJ, Voisin DR. Heterogeneity of Sexual Risk Profiles Among Juvenile Justice-Involved African American Girls. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-020-09594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Selitsky L, Markowitz N, Baxa DM, Kaljee L, Miree CA, Islam N, Burse C, Newaz R, Dankerlui D, Jacobsen G, Joseph C. Self-report of domestic violence and forced sex are related to sexual risk behaviors in a sample of juvenile detainees. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2020; 8:15. [PMID: 32577955 PMCID: PMC7313184 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-020-00116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Justice-involved youth have higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and a higher prevalence of the associated sexual risk behaviors. Sexual risk behaviors are also associated with alcohol and drug use. Research suggests that a history of trauma is an important predictor of alcohol and drug use in youth offenders, and therefore is a likely contributor to sexual risk behavior in this population. The objective of this analysis is to determine the association of trauma, specifically, domestic violence and forced sex, to six sexual risk behaviors and a history of chlamydia among detained youth. METHODS The analysis uses data from a convenience sample of detainees assenting to HIV testing conducted December 2016 - August 2017 using the state-certified Voluntary Counseling Testing and Referral (VCTR) process. RESULTS Of the 379 youth that received VCTR at the facility, 308 (81.3%) were used in this analysis. Report of domestic violence was significantly associated with sex under the influence of alcohol and was also significantly associated with sex under the influence of marijuana. Forced sex was associated with a sexual partner of unknown HIV status. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic experiences were related to sexual risk behaviors in this analysis, and substance use was strongly implicated in the association. Trauma is known to be a catalyst to sexual risk behaviors, substance use, and delinquency in adolescence. Results support the findings of other investigators and re-iterate the need for trauma-informed interventions that can improve the life trajectories of detained youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Selitsky
- Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA
| | - Norman Markowitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Henry Ford Health System and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Dwayne M. Baxa
- William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - Linda Kaljee
- Global Health Initiative, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Miree
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Nishat Islam
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Chez Burse
- Global Health Initiative, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - Rehnuma Newaz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Doreen Dankerlui
- Global Health Initiative, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - Gordon Jacobsen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, Michigan USA
| | - Christine Joseph
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, Michigan USA
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Tolou-Shams M, Brown LK, Marshall BDL, Dauria E, Koinis-Mitchell D, Kemp K, Poindexter B. The Behavioral Health Needs of First-Time Offending Justice-Involved Youth: Substance Use, Sexual Risk and Mental Health. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2020; 28:291-303. [PMID: 34220180 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1774023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examines substance use, emotional/behavioral symptoms and sexual risk among first-time offending, court-involved, non-incarcerated (FTO-CINI) youth. Youth and caregivers (N=423) completed tablet-based assessments. By time of first justice contact (average 14.5 years old), 49% used substances, 40% were sexually active and 33% reported both. Youth with co-occurring substance use and sexual risk had more emotional/behavioral symptoms; youth with delinquent offenses and females had greater co-occurring risk. Time of first offense is a critical period to intervene upon high rates of mental health need for those with co-occurring substance use and sexual risk to prevent poor health and legal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tolou-Shams
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Larry K Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health; 121 S Main St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Emily Dauria
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Daphne Koinis-Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kathleen Kemp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Brittney Poindexter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Shekar A, Gross A, Luebbers E, Honsky J. Effects of an Interprofessional Student-Led Sexual Education Program on Self-Efficacy and Attitudes About Sexual Violence in Youths in Juvenile Detention. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2020; 33:302-306. [PMID: 31874315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE We aim to explore the impact of an interprofessional graduate student-led sexual education curriculum on sexual self-efficacy, perceived importance of sexual consent, and willingness to intervene against sexual violence in the high-risk population of detained youths. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Medical, nursing, social work, and physician assistant students implemented a 3-session, comprehensive sexual health curriculum for detained youths (n = 253). INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The curriculum from Son et al (2017) was adapted to include a more targeted curriculum on consent and safe relationships. Youths completed pre- and postintervention assessments that evaluated their sexual self-efficacy and violence-related beliefs and behaviors. RESULTS Detained youths completing the curriculum showed statistically significant increases in the sexual self-efficacy (P < .001), view of the importance of consent (P < .001), and willingness to intervene (P = .0027). The subset of male individuals and adolescents aged 17-19 years achieved statistically significant improvement in each category; adolescents aged 12-14 years did not. Female participants showed statistically significant improvement in sexual self-efficacy scores only. CONCLUSIONS The curriculum addressing topics of consent and sexual violence was effective in improving detained youths' belief in their ability to safely navigate a sexual encounter and their attitudes toward sexual assault. Additional research on gender- and age-specific programming and the long-term impact on sexual health risk behaviors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Shekar
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Abby Gross
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ellen Luebbers
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jesse Honsky
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Dembo R, Faber J, Cristiano J, Wareham J, Krupa J, Schmeidler J, Terminello A, DiClemente RJ. Individual- and Community-Level Factors in the STD Status of Justice-Involved Youth: Multi-Group, Exploratory Two-Level Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:2171-2186. [PMID: 31214909 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Justice-involved youth display higher prevalence rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), in comparison with youth in the general population, highlighting a critical public health concern. Individual factors are important predictors of STDs, but only provide a partial understanding of this public health issue. Communities experiencing higher levels of disorder and lower levels of cohesion tend to have fewer institutional resources available, which may impact sexual risk behavior and STDs. However, few studies have examined the association between community characteristics and STD prevalence among adolescents. The current study examined community-level (n = 106) characteristics and individual-level attributes in explaining STDs among justice-involved youth (n = 1233: n = 515 female; n = 718 male). At the individual level, results showed older males and those with more drug-related problems were more likely to be STD positive, while females with more sexual partners and those with less drug-related problems were more likely to be STD positive. At the community level, females residing in areas with fewer educated residents were more likely to be STD positive. These gender differences were significant, suggesting a gendered perspective is important for understanding STD infection. The justice system represents a critical opportunity in the treatment and prevention of STDs for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dembo
- Criminology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| | - Jessica Faber
- Agency for Community Treatment Services, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Wareham
- Department of Criminal Justice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Julie Krupa
- School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James Schmeidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Asha Terminello
- Agency for Community Treatment Services, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ralph J DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Justice-involved youth are at exceedingly high risk of trauma exposure, multisystem involvement, and mental health distress, including depression. Justice-involved youth carry with them both a high symptom burden and a high cost to society. Both could be reduced through evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies. Effective treatment of mental disorders may reduce future justice involvement, whereas lack of treatment increases likelihood of justice involvement into adulthood. Multiple effective programs exist to improve the lives of justice-involved youth and subsequently decrease the cost to society of detaining and adjudicating these youth within the juvenile justice system.
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Tam CC, Dauria EF, Cook MC, Ti A, Comfort M, Tolou-Shams M. Justice involvement and girls' sexual health: Directions for policy and practice. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2019; 98:278-283. [PMID: 31341344 PMCID: PMC6656393 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arrested girls in the United States (US) are often diverted from detention through referrals to juvenile specialty courts (e.g., juvenile drug court), community-based diversion programs, or pre-adjudicated probation services. Limited research suggests that sexual and reproductive health needs for diverted, or court-involved, non-incarcerated (CINI) girls are similar to that of their detained counterparts. Despite the US justice system's emphasis on diverting youth from detention, research and programmatic efforts to improve sexual and reproductive health outcomes has primarily focused on detained girls. Policy and programming for CINI girls is scant and thus warrants further attention. This report details the immediate sexual and reproductive health needs of CINI girls. We discuss implications of current health care policies and practices for this population and conclude with recommendations for research focused on improving access to sexual and reproductive health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Tam
- University of California, Berkeley and Alcohol Research Group
| | | | | | | | - Megan Comfort
- RTI International and University of California, San Francisco
| | - Marina Tolou-Shams
- University of California, San Francisco and UCSF Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital
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Tolou-Shams M, Harrison A, Hirschtritt ME, Dauria E, Barr-Walker J. Substance Use and HIV Among Justice-Involved Youth: Intersecting Risks. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2019; 16:37-47. [PMID: 30734906 PMCID: PMC6597179 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses recent advances in research on the intersection of HIV prevention and substance use among youth involved with the justice system. We discuss current themes of recent findings and provide guidance for researchers, policymakers, and clinicians on the next steps in advancing work in this nascent area. RECENT FINDINGS Of the 46 studies that measured HIV risk and substance use among justice-involved youth, 56% were cross-sectional designs, 22% were intervention trials, and 22% were longitudinal designs. Cross-sectional studies suggested that substance use is highly associated with HIV risk behaviors. Longitudinal analyses underscored the importance of understanding contextual risk factors, such as trauma and violence. Intervention trials demonstrated improved scientific rigor of behavioral approaches. Despite recent advances, research in this field remains limited. Future directions include longer follow-up periods, consideration of biomedical HIV-prevention interventions, and a focus on dissemination and implementation science of efficacious interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tolou-Shams
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Anna Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Hirschtritt
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, 401 Parnassus Ave, 94143, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Dauria
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jill Barr-Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- ZSFG Library, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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