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Sutherland Charvis J, Schulz CT, Drohan MM, Rafiee P, Stamates AL, Yang M. A daily examination of perceived stress and coping strategies used among college students during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-5. [PMID: 36701543 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2168126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined inter- and intra-person level associations between stress and overwhelm and adaptive coping strategies used by college students during COVID-19. Participants were 55 college students (Mage = 23.31, SD = 4.49; 87% White, 85% Female), who completed a 21-day daily diary study. The common coping strategies endorsed were media use, relaxation techniques, and exercise. Variability among feelings of stress (ICC = .520) and overwhelm (ICC = .530) were similarly explained by between and within-person differences. Daily stress and overwhelm were positively associated with relaxation techniques, media, and total coping strategies. Further, daily stress was positively associated with connection with others to cope. At the between-person level, average stress was associated with avoidance strategies such as taking a break from news to cope. These findings may prove useful in the development of interventions to increase the practice of adaptive coping strategies to reduce stress and overwhelm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina T Schulz
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Megan M Drohan
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Parisa Rafiee
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Amy L Stamates
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Manshu Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Cheng CHE, Thomas Tobin CS, Weiss JW. Psychological distress, social context, and gender patterns in obesity among a multiethnic sample of U.S. college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1615-1623. [PMID: 33048648 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1817032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The growing prevalence of obesity among college students is a major public health issue, as over one-third are overweight or obese. This study used gender-stratified multivariate analyses to examine psychological distress and social contextual factors as key determinants of obesity. Participants: Students of a large public university in Southern California (N = 2392). Methods: In-class survey administered across various departments and general education courses. Results: Among females, distress (OR = 1.02) and sophomores (OR = 1.87) were associated with increased odds of obesity; Greek life (OR = 0.53) was associated with decreased odds of obesity. Among males, distress was not associated with obesity (OR = 1.00); financial strain (OR = 1.16) was associated with increased odds of obesity. Conclusions: There are gendered patterns in obesity risk with social context having potentially protective effects among women. Enhancing psychological wellbeing as well as creating gender- and context-specific interventions may be an effective strategy to address the rising rates of obesity among the college population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Emily Cheng
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Jie W Weiss
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
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Tovmasyan A, Monk RL, Sawicka I, Heim D. Positive but not negative affect is associated with increased daily drinking likelihood in non-clinical populations: systematic review and meta-analyses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2022; 48:382-396. [PMID: 35767656 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2022.2082300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent meta-analytical findings indicate that affect regulation plays an important role in alcohol craving, consumption volume, and substance use. However, in view of mixed findings, the affect and drinking likelihood literature remains in need of clarification and consolidation.Objectives: This systematic review with meta-analyses interrogated the results from peer-reviewed studies among non-clinical populations that examined the relationship between daily affective states and intraday likelihood of alcohol consumption.Method: A PRISMA guided search of PsychINFO, PsycARTICLES, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, SCOPUS, and JSTOR databases was conducted. Multilevel meta-analyses yielded 11 eligible negative affect studies (2751 participants, 23 effect sizes) and nine studies on positive affect (2244 participants, 14 effect sizes).Results: The pooled associations between intra-day affect and alcohol consumption likelihood revealed no significant association between negative affective state and drinking likelihood (OR = .90, 95% CI [.73, 1.12]) and that positive affect was associated with increased drinking likelihood (OR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.09, 1.27]). Egger's test, P-curve, fail-safe N, and selection models analyses suggested that the obtained results were unlikely to be the product of publication bias and p-hacking alone.Conclusions: Results converge to suggest that, independent of age, affect measure used, and study design, a significant albeit modest relationship between positive affect and alcohol consumption likelihood exists, which does not appear to be the case for negative affect. In conjunction with other recent meta-analyses, current findings help map out a more nuanced understanding of the affect-alcohol/substance use relationship, with potential implications for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tovmasyan
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Monk
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ilona Sawicka
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Heim
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Wolkowicz NR, Peltier MR, Wemm S, MacLean RR. Subjective stress and alcohol use among young adult and adult drinkers: Systematic review of studies using Intensive Longitudinal Designs. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 3:100039. [PMID: 36845979 PMCID: PMC9949329 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Understanding how stress dynamically associates with alcohol use could provide a finer-grain resolution of drinking behavior, facilitating development of more effective and personalized interventions. The primary aim of this systematic review was to examine research using Intensive Longitudinal Designs (ILDs) to determine if greater naturalistic reports of subjective stress (e.g., those assessed moment-to-moment, day-to-day) in alcohol-drinkers associated with a) greater frequency of subsequent drinking, b) greater quantity of subsequent drinking, and c) whether between-/within-person variables moderate or mediate any relationships between stress and alcohol use. Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, we searched EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases in December 2020, ultimately identifying 18 eligible articles, representing 14 distinct studies, from a potential pool of 2,065 studies. Results: Results suggested subjective stress equivocally predicted subsequent alcohol use; in contrast, alcohol use consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship with subsequent subjective stress. These findings remained across ILD sampling strategy and most study characteristics, except for sample type (treatment-seeking vs. community/collegiate). Conclusions: Results appear to emphasize the stress-dampening effects of alcohol on subsequent stress levels and reactivity. Classic tension-reduction models may instead be most applicable to heavier-drinking samples and appear nuanced in lighter-drinking populations, and may depend on specific moderators/mediators (e.g., race/ethnicity, sex, relative coping-strategy use). Notably, a preponderance of studies utilized once-daily, concurrent assessments of subjective stress and alcohol use. Future studies may find greater consistency by implementing ILDs that integrate multiple within-day signal-based assessments, theoretically-relevant event-contingent prompts (e.g., stressor-occurrence, consumption initiation/cessation), and ecological context (e.g., weekday, alcohol availability).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R. Ross MacLean
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System
- Yale University School of Medicine
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Jaffe AE, Kumar SA, Hultgren BA, Smith-LeCavalier KN, Garcia TA, Canning JR, Larimer ME. Meaning in life and stress-related drinking: A multicohort study of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107281. [PMID: 35189495 PMCID: PMC8842409 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students have experienced heightened stressors and reported stress-related drinking. To identify potential protective factors among college students, we investigate the possibility that finding meaning and purpose in one's life may lessen the strength of the association between stress and alcohol consumption in a multicohort sample of college students (N = 694; 64.8% women) recruited between November 2019 and September 2021. Consistent with expectations, negative binomial regressions revealed significant interactions, such that higher stress was only associated with more past-month alcohol use among individuals who reported low levels of meaning in life. The buffering role of meaning in life appeared to be robust; interaction results held when investigating both general perceived stress and COVID-specific stress, and did not vary by cohort. Although longitudinal and experimental research are needed, findings indicate that finding meaning and purpose in one's life may help college students to navigate heightened periods of stress with more adaptive coping strategies that do not result in drinking to cope. Findings highlight the potential utility of meaning-promoting strategies in college alcohol interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Jaffe
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Shaina A. Kumar
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Brittney A. Hultgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tracey A. Garcia
- Department of Psychology, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | | | - Mary E. Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lac A, Luk JW. Pathways from Positive, Negative, and Specific Alcohol Expectancies to Weekday and Weekend Drinking to Alcohol Problems. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:800-809. [PMID: 30685802 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-0986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study tested and identified risk and protective pathways from alcohol expectancies to weekday and weekend consumption to problematic consequences. Adult alcohol users (N = 395) completed measures of alcohol expectancies, daily consumption habits during a typical week, and alcohol-related problems. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor structure of positive expectancy, negative expectancy, weekday drinking, weekend drinking, and alcohol problems. The structural equation model specifying general positive and negative expectancy to weekday and weekend use to alcohol problems exhibited satisfactory fit indices. Specifically, positive expectancy contributed to greater weekend drinking, but negative expectancy prompted greater weekday drinking. Furthermore, lower positive expectancy, higher negative expectancy, higher weekday drinking, and higher weekend drinking each uniquely explained greater alcohol problems. The structural equation model involving the seven specific expectancies to weekday and weekend use to alcohol problems produced high fit indices. Specifically, higher risk and aggression, higher self-perception, and lower cognitive and behavioral impairment expectancies uniquely predicted weekday drinking. In contrast, higher sociability, higher liquid courage, higher risk and aggression, and lower cognitive impairment expectancies explained weekend drinking. The predictive model premised on specific alcohol expectancies as distinct constructs exhibited higher fit indices and more nuanced insights regarding risk and protective pathways for prevention than the model involving general positive versus negative expectancy constructs. Findings underscore that different types of self-fulfilling alcohol expectancy beliefs distinctively explain weekday versus weekend intake and problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado - Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA.
| | - Jeremy W Luk
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Stanesby O, Labhart F, Dietze P, Wright CJC, Kuntsche E. The contexts of heavy drinking: A systematic review of the combinations of context-related factors associated with heavy drinking occasions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218465. [PMID: 31291261 PMCID: PMC6619678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amount of alcohol consumed during an occasion can be influenced by physical and social attributes of the setting, characteristics and state of individuals, and the interactions of these components. This systematic review identifies and describes the specific combinations and sequences of context-related factors that are associated with heavy drinking occasions. Materials and methods We conducted a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Eligible articles were event-level and event-based studies that quantitatively analysed associations of sequences or combinations of context-related factors with event-level alcohol consumption. We extracted information on study design, sample, variables, effect estimates and analytical methods. We compiled a list of combinations and sequences associated with heavier drinking (i.e., ‘risky contexts’) and with lighter drinking (‘protective contexts’). The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42018089500). Results We screened 1902 retrieved records and identified a final sample of 65 eligible studies. Daily mood, day of week, location and drinking group characteristics are important drivers of whether an individual engages in a heavy drinking occasion. The direction and magnitude of some associations differed by gender, age, personality and motives, such that in particular social or physical contexts, some people may feel compelled to drink more while others are compelled to drink less. Very few sequences of factors were reported as being associated with event-level alcohol consumption. Conclusions Contexts or factors are experienced in specific sequences that shape the broader drinking context and influence drinking behaviours and consequences but are under-studied. Event-level studies such as those using ecological momentary assessment can harness new technologies for data collection and analysis to improve understandings of why people engage in heavy drinking. Continued event-level research will facilitate public health interventions and policies that reduce heavy drinking and alcohol-related harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Labhart
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland
- Addiction Switzerland, Research Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Dietze
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cassandra J. C. Wright
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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