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Kabir MH, Guindo ML, Chen R, Luo X, Kong W, Liu F. Heavy Metal Detection in Fritillaria thunbergii Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Coupled with Variable Selection Algorithm and Chemometrics. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061125. [PMID: 36981052 PMCID: PMC10048262 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental and health risks associated with heavy metal pollution are serious. Human health can be adversely affected by the smallest amount of heavy metals. Modeling spectrum requires the careful selection of variables. Hence, simple variables that have a low level of interference and a high degree of precision are required for fast analysis and online detection. This study used laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy coupled with variable selection and chemometrics to simultaneously analyze heavy metals (Cd, Cu and Pb) in Fritillaria thunbergii. A total of three machine learning algorithms were utilized, including a gradient boosting machine (GBM), partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR). Three promising wavelength selection methods were evaluated for comparison, namely, a competitive adaptive reweighted sampling method (CARS), a random frog method (RF), and an uninformative variable elimination method (UVE). Compared to full wavelengths, the selected wavelengths produced excellent results. Overall, RC2, RV2, RP2, RSMEC, RSMEV and RSMEP for the selected variables are as follows: 0.9967, 0.8899, 0.9403, 1.9853 mg kg−1, 11.3934 mg kg−1, 8.5354 mg kg−1; 0.9933, 0.9316, 0.9665, 5.9332 mg kg−1, 18.3779 mg kg−1, 11.9356 mg kg−1; 0.9992, 0.9736, 0.9686, 1.6707 mg kg−1, 10.2323 mg kg−1, 10.1224 mg kg−1 were obtained for Cd Cu and Pb, respectively. Experimental results showed that all three methods could perform variable selection effectively, with GBM-UVE for Cd, SVR-RF for Pb, and GBM-CARS for Cu providing the best results. The results of the study suggest that LIBS coupled with wavelength selection can be used to detect heavy metals rapidly and accurately in Fritillaria by extracting only a few variables that contain useful information and eliminating non-informative variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hilal Kabir
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resource Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi PMB 0248, Nigeria
| | - Mahamed Lamine Guindo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongqin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinmeng Luo
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982825
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Gonçalves LR, Roberto MM, Braga APA, Barozzi GB, Canizela GS, de Souza Gigeck L, de Souza LR, Marin-Morales MA. Another casualty of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic-the environmental impact. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:1696-1711. [PMID: 34689297 PMCID: PMC8542190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cemetery leachate generated by the process of cadaveric decomposition is a significant contaminant of several matrices in the cemetery environment (soil, groundwater, and surface water). The biogenic amines cadaverine and putrescine stand out among the cemetery leachate contaminants, since they are potentially carcinogenic compounds. This review article presents a discussion of possible environmental impacts caused by the increase in deaths resulting from COVID-19 as its central theme. The study also aims to demonstrate the importance of considering, in this context, some climatic factors that can alter both the time of bodily decomposition and the longevity of the virus in the environment. Additionally, some evidence for the transmission of the virus to health professionals and family members after the patient's death and environmental contamination after the burial of the bodies will also be presented. Several sources were consulted, such as scientific electronic databases (NCBI), publications by government agencies (e.g., ARPEN, Brazil) and internationally recognized health and environmental agencies (e.g., WHO, OurWorldInData.org), as well as information published on reliable websites available for free (e.g., CNN) and scientific journals related to the topic. The data from this study sounds the alarm on the fact that an increase in the number of deaths from the complications of COVID-19 has generated serious environmental problems, resulting from Cemetery leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Rocha Gonçalves
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Mantuanelli Roberto
- Hermínio Ometto Foundation's University Center (FHO), Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500 - Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP, CEP: 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Andrade Braga
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bertoletti Barozzi
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Segati Canizela
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Souza Gigeck
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rosa de Souza
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil.
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Gondal MA, Aldakheel RK, Almessiere MA, Nasr MM, Almusairii JA, Gondal B. Determination of heavy metals in cancerous and healthy colon tissues using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and its cross-validation with ICP-AES method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 183:113153. [PMID: 32058289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Certain types of cancer deaths are widespread due to the diagnostic complexities at the early stages. Recent studies revealed that the bio-accumulated heavy metals (act as pro-carcinogens) in the human colon cause strong interactions with the nuclear proteins, leading to the DNA damages and repair processes inhibition, resulting in the cancers. Most of the conventional detection techniques suffer from the insensitiveness, cost-intensiveness, imprecision, slowness, cumbersomeness of sample preparation, and conflicting outcomes. To surmount these shortcomings an accurate, reliable, and rapid detection technique is essential for the early diagnostic and prevention of heavy metals accumulation induced colon cancers. This will enable not only to classify the malignant and non-malignant cells but can differentiate the proteins from abnormal cellular morphology. Using the indigenously developed fast and accurate (calibration-free) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), we analyzed several cancerous and normal colon tissues collected from the colon cancer infected patients aged 40-60 years. The results showed the presence of carcinogenic heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg) in the malignant colon tissues, while the healthy tissues were devoid of these elements. The concentrations of Pb, Cr and Hg in the cancerous samples were discerned to be 3.1, 13.4 and 7.1 μg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the performance accuracy of the LIBS technique was validated by comparing the results obtained from the standard inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). It was established that the LIBS analysis is useful for the speedy, precise and early detection of the heavy metals amassed malignant colon tissues, thereby saving millions of lives by promoting the chances for cancer cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gondal
- Laser Research Group, Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - R K Aldakheel
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Almessiere
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Nasr
- Research Center, PHS Department, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, 11343, P.O. Box 321815, Saudi Arabia
| | - J A Almusairii
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Gondal
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Affiliate University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801 IL, USA
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Romero-Estévez D, Yánez-Jácome GS, Simbaña-Farinango K, Vélez-Terreros PY, Navarrete H. Alkaline Extraction for Lead Determination in Different Types of Commercial Paints. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2040084. [PMID: 31683854 PMCID: PMC6961123 DOI: 10.3390/mps2040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme formed the Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint. All alliance member countries have pledged to develop control regulations that include lead threshold limits. To improve regulations and demonstrate compliance of paint industry products, it is necessary to have adequate, locally applicable methodologies. In this sense, the main objective of this research was to validate the methodology of alkaline extraction for the quantification of lead in ten different types of Ecuadorian commercial paints using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Two hundred and fifty samples from different paint industry products were analyzed, and the results were used to evaluate the method’s performance and robustness. It was determined that the method could be applied for lead concentrations above 100 mg·kg−1, and results showed relative standard deviation values lower than 14.8% and fortification recoveries between 80.3 and 119.4%, fulfilling the acceptance criteria established in the Environmental Protection Agency’s lead-based Paint Laboratory Operations Guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Romero-Estévez
- Centro de Estudios Aplicados en Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, CESAQ-PUCE, Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Pichincha 17012184, Ecuador.
| | - Gabriela S Yánez-Jácome
- Centro de Estudios Aplicados en Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, CESAQ-PUCE, Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Pichincha 17012184, Ecuador.
| | - Karina Simbaña-Farinango
- Centro de Estudios Aplicados en Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, CESAQ-PUCE, Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Pichincha 17012184, Ecuador.
| | - Pamela Y Vélez-Terreros
- Centro de Estudios Aplicados en Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, CESAQ-PUCE, Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Pichincha 17012184, Ecuador.
| | - Hugo Navarrete
- Centro de Estudios Aplicados en Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, CESAQ-PUCE, Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Pichincha 17012184, Ecuador.
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Qasim M, Anwar-ul-Haq M, Sher Afgan M, Kalyar MA, Baig MA. Elemental Analysis of Black Salt by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1137928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Alhasmi AM, Gondal MA, Nasr MM, Shafik S, Habibullah YB. Detection of toxic elements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in smokers' and nonsmokers' teeth and investigation of periodontal parameters. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:7342-7349. [PMID: 26368771 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.007342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A laser-induced breakdown spectrometer (LIBS) was built and optimized to detect levels of toxic elements such as lead, cadmium, and arsenic present in the roots of extracted teeth of smokers and nonsmokers. Sixty extracted teeth from patients having a history of chronic periodontitis were divided into two groups of 30 teeth each for smoker and nonsmoker patients and, as controls, a third group of 30 patients who did not have a history of chronic periodontitis. The respective elemental concentration (Pb, Cd, and As) 23-29, 0.26-0. 31, and 0.64-11 ppm are for nonsmokers, 35-55, 0.33-0.51, and 0.91-1.5 ppm are for smokers, and lastly 0.17-0.31, 0.01-0.05, and 0.05-0.09 ppm are for control group. In order to test the validity of the results achieved using our LIBS system, a standard inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique was also applied for the analysis of the same teeth samples, and ICP results were found to be in excellent agreement with our LIBS results. In addition to this, the gingival index, plaque index, clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth were also recorded. Our LIBS spectroscopic analysis showed high levels of lead, cadmium, and arsenic concentration on root surfaces of teeth, which may be due to CAL.
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Elemental Analysis of Soils by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. SPRINGER SERIES IN OPTICAL SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-45085-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Assessment of lead and cadmium levels in frequently used cosmetic products in Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 2013:962727. [PMID: 24174937 PMCID: PMC3794557 DOI: 10.1155/2013/962727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the content of lead and cadmium in most frequently used brands of cosmetic products (lipstick and eye shadow) in Iran. Fifty samples of lipstick (5 colors in 7 brands) and eye shadow (3 colors in 5 brands) were selected taken from large cosmetic stores in Isfahan (Iran) and lead and cadmium of them were analyzed. The results showed that the concentration of lead and cadmium in the lipsticks was within the range of 0.08–5.2 µg/g and 4.08–60.20 µg/g, respectively. The eye shadow samples had a lead level of 0.85–6.90 µg/g and a cadmium level of 1.54–55.59 µg/g. The content range of the heavy metals in the eye shadows was higher than that of the lipsticks. There was significant difference between the average of the lead content in the different brands of the lipsticks and eye shadows. Thus, the continuous use of these cosmetics can increase the absorption of heavy metals, especially Cd and Pb, in the body when swallowing lipsticks or through dermal cosmetic absorption. The effects of heavy metals such as lead can be harmful, especially for pregnant women and children. Therefore, effort must be made to inform the users and the general public about the harmful consequences of cosmetics.
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Investigation of lead contents in lipsticks by solid sampling high resolution continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 65:34-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mineral contamination from cemetery soils: case study of Zandfontein Cemetery, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:511-20. [PMID: 22470306 PMCID: PMC3315260 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The burial of coffins may pose an environmental and health hazard since the metals that are used in coffin-making may corrode or degrade into harmful toxins. These may leach into the surrounding soils and groundwater. Very little research has been conducted world-wide on the mineral contamination potential of cemeteries, and virtually none in South Africa. The aim of the study is to determine whether burial practices affect the mineral content of soils in cemeteries. This was done by comparing the mineral concentrations of soils within the Zandfontein Cemetery in Tshwane (Gauteng, South Africa) to those off-site as well as those in zones with high burial loads with those zones with fewer burials. Twenty three soil samples were collected from various sites on- and off-site and analyzed for 31 minerals using ICP-AES. It was found that mineral concentrations of soils within the Zandfontein Cemetery were considerably higher than those off-site. Soil samples in multiple burials blocks also have elevated metal concentrations. These excess metals are probably of anthropogenic origin associated with burial practices and could pose an environmental and human health hazard. Strict monitoring of water quality in boreholes in the vicinity of the cemetery is recommended.
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Bukhari M, Awan MA, Qazi IA, Baig MA. Development of a method for the determination of chromium and cadmium in tannery wastewater using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:823016. [PMID: 22567570 PMCID: PMC3335391 DOI: 10.1155/2012/823016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper illustrates systematic development of a convenient analytical method for the determination of chromium and cadmium in tannery wastewater using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A new approach was developed by which liquid was converted into solid phase sample surface using absorption paper for subsequent LIBS analysis. The optimized values of LIBS parameters were 146.7 mJ for chromium and 89.5 mJ for cadmium (laser pulse energy), 4.5 μs (delay time), 70 mm (lens to sample surface distance), and 7 mm (light collection system to sample surface distance). Optimized values of LIBS parameters demonstrated strong spectrum lines for each metal keeping the background noise at minimum level. The new method of preparing metal standards on absorption papers exhibited calibration curves with good linearity with correlation coefficients, R(2) in the range of 0.992 to 0.998. The developed method was tested on real tannery wastewater samples for determination of chromium and cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish Bukhari
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - M. Ali Awan
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- *M. Ali Awan:
| | - Ishtiaq A. Qazi
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - M. Anwar Baig
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Beldjilali S, Yip WL, Hermann J, Baba-Hamed T, Belasri A. Investigation of plasmas produced by laser ablation using single and double pulses for food analysis demonstrated by probing potato skins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2173-83. [PMID: 21461618 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report on investigations of plasmas produced by laser ablation of fresh potatoes using infrared nanosecond laser radiation. A twin laser system consisting of two Nd:YAG oscillators was used to generate single or double pulses of adjustable interpulse delay. The potatoes were irradiated under ambient air with moderate pulse energies of about 10 mJ. The expansion dynamics of the ablation plume was characterized using fast imaging with a gated camera. In addition, time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy was applied to study the spectral line emission of the various plasma species. The electron density was deduced from Stark broadening, and the plasma temperature was inferred from the relative emission intensities of spectral lines. The relative concentrations of metals were estimated from the comparison of the measured emission spectra to the spectral radiance computed for a plasma in local thermal equilibrium. It is shown that the plasma produced by double pulses has a larger volume and a lower density. These properties lead to an increase of the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 2 and thus to an improved measurement sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beldjilali
- LP3, CNRS-Université d'Aix Marseille II, 163 Av. de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France.
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