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Mwandira W, Mavroulidou M, Satheesh A, Gunn MJ, Gray C, Purchase D, Garelick J. An electrokinetic-biocementation study for clay stabilisation using carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104916-104931. [PMID: 37702861 PMCID: PMC10567949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of biocementing clay soil underneath a railway embankment of the UK rail network via carbonic anhydrase (CA) biocementation, implementing the treatments electrokinetically. Compared to previous biocementation studies using the ureolytic route, the CA pathway is attractive as CA-producing bacteria can sequester CO2 to produce biocement. Clay soil samples were treated electrokinetically using biostimulation and bioaugmentation conditions to induce biocementation. The effects of the treatment were assessed in terms of undrained shear strength using the cone penetration test, moisture content, and calcium carbonate content measurements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were also conducted on soil samples before and after treatment to evaluate the reaction products. The results showed that upon biostimulation, the undrained shear strength of the soil increased uniformly throughout the soil, from 17.6 kPa (in the natural untreated state) to 106.6 kPa. SEM micrographs also showed a clear change in the soil structure upon biostimulation. Unlike biostimulation, bioaugmentation did not have the same performance, although a high amount of CaCO3 precipitates was detected, and bacteria were observed to have entered the soil. The prospects are exciting, as it was shown that it is possible to achieve a considerable strength increase by the biostimulation of native bacteria capturing CO2 while improving the soil strength, thus having the potential to contribute both to the resilience of existing railway infrastructure and to climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Mwandira
- Division of Civil and Building Services Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Maria Mavroulidou
- Division of Civil and Building Services Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK.
| | - Anjali Satheesh
- Division of Civil and Building Services Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Michael John Gunn
- Division of Civil and Building Services Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | | | - Diane Purchase
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Garelick
- Network Rail-Eastern Region, One Stratford Place, Stratford City, London, E20, UK
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2
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Ullah H, Lun L, Rashid A, Zada N, Chen B, Shahab A, Li P, Ali MU, Lin S, Wong MH. A critical analysis of sources, pollution, and remediation of selenium, an emerging contaminant. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1359-1389. [PMID: 35972610 PMCID: PMC9379879 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential metalloid and is categorized as emerging anthropogenic contaminant released to the environment. The rise of Se release into the environment has raised concern about its bioaccumulation, toxicity, and potential to cause serious damages to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. Therefore, it is extremely important to monitor Se level in environment on a regular basis. Understanding Se release, anthropogenic sources, and environmental behavior is critical for developing an effective Se containment strategy. The ongoing efforts of Se remediation have mostly emphasized monitoring and remediation as an independent topics of research. However, our paper has integrated both by explaining the attributes of monitoring on effective scale followed by a candid review of widespread technological options available with specific focus on Se removal from environmental media. Another novel approach demonstrated in the article is the presentation of an overwhelming evidence of limitations that various researchers are confronted with to overcome achieving effective remediation. Furthermore, we followed a holistic approach to discuss ways to remediate Se for cleaner environment especially related to introducing weak magnetic field for ZVI reactivity enhancement. We linked this phenomenal process to electrokinetics and presented convincing facts in support of Se remediation, which has led to emerge 'membrane technology', as another viable option for remediation. Hence, an interesting, innovative and future oriented review is presented, which will undoubtedly seek attention from global researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Lu Lun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Audil Rashid
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700 Pakistan
| | - Noor Zada
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara, 18300 Pakistan
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Asfandyar Shahab
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change in XI’an, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change in XI’an, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Siyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium On Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Wang H, Duan R, Zhou X, Wang J, Liu Y, Xu R, Liao Z. Efficient removal of mercury and chromium from wastewater via biochar fabricated with steel slag: Performance and mechanisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:961907. [PMID: 36091466 PMCID: PMC9453161 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.961907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar derived from biomass is regarded as a promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment, but the high cost of modification is still a challenge for its large-scale practical applications. In this study, we employed steel slag as a low-cost fabricant and synthesized hydrothermally carbonized steel slag (HCSS), as a stable environmentally functional material for heavy metal removal. Typically, positively and negatively charged heavy metal contaminants of Hg2+ and Cr2O72− were employed to testify the performance of HCSS as an adsorbent, and good capacities [(283.24 mg/g for Hg (II) and 323.16 mg/g for Cr (VI)] were found. The feasibility of HCSS on real wastewater purification was also evaluated, as the removal efficiency was 94.11% and 88.65% for Hg (II) and Cr (VI), respectively. Mechanism studies revealed that the modification of steel slag on bio-adsorbents offered copious active sites for pollutants. As expected, oxygen-containing functional groups in HCSS acted as the main contributor to adsorption capacity. Moreover, some reactive iron species (i.e., Fe2+) played an essential role in chemical reduction of Cr (VI). The adsorptive reactions were pH-dependent, owing to other more mechanisms, such as coprecipitation, ion-exchange, and electrostatic attraction. This promising recycling approach of biomass waste and the design of agro-industrial byproducts can be highly suggestive of the issues of resource recovery in the application of solid waste-derived environmentally functional materials for heavy metal remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Wang
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Duan
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinquan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemical Engineer and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Xu, ; Zhuwei Liao,
| | - Zhuwei Liao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Urban Construction Engineering Division, Wenhua College, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Xu, ; Zhuwei Liao,
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4
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Veciana M, Bräunig J, Farhat A, Pype ML, Freguia S, Carvalho G, Keller J, Ledezma P. Electrochemical oxidation processes for PFAS removal from contaminated water and wastewater: fundamentals, gaps and opportunities towards practical implementation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128886. [PMID: 35436757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is emerging as one of the most promising methods for the degradation of recalcitrant per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water and wastewater, as these compounds cannot be effectively treated with conventional bio- or chemical approaches. This review examines the state of the art of EO for PFASs destruction, and comprehensively compares operating parameters and treatment performance indicators for both synthetic and real contaminated water and wastewater media. The evaluation shows the need to use environmentally-relevant media to properly quantify the effectiveness/efficiency of EO for PFASs treatment. Additionally, there is currently a lack of quantification of sorption losses, resulting in a likely over-estimation of process' efficiencies. Furthermore, the majority of experimental results to date indicate that short-chain PFASs are the most challenging and need to be prioritized as environmental regulations become more stringent. Finally, and with a perspective towards practical implementation, several operational strategies are proposed, including processes combining up-concentration followed by EO destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersabel Veciana
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Bräunig
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ali Farhat
- GHD Pty Ltd, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Marie-Laure Pype
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stefano Freguia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gilda Carvalho
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jürg Keller
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pablo Ledezma
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
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5
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Gomes RL, Gomes HI. Selenium (Se) recovery for technological applications from environmental matrices based on biotic and abiotic mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128122. [PMID: 34979385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element with application in manufacturing from food to medical industries. Water contamination by Se is of concern due to anthropogenic activities. Recently, Se remediation has received increasing attention. Hence, different types of remediation techniques are listed in this work, and their potential for Se recovery is evaluated. Sorption, co-precipitation, coagulation and precipitation are effective for low-cost Se removal. In photocatalytic, zero-valent iron and electrochemical systems, the above mechanisms occur with reduction as an immobilization and detoxification process. In combination with magnetic separation, the above techniques are promising for Se recovery. Biological Se oxyanions reduction has been widely recognized as a cost-effective method for Se remediation, simultaneously generating biosynthetic Se nanoparticles (BioSeNPs). Increasing the extracellular production of BioSeNPs and controlling their morphology will benefit its recovery. However, the mechanism of the microbial production of BioSeNPs is not well understood. Se containing products from both microbial reduction and abiotic methods need to be refined to obtain pure Se. Eco-friendly and cost-effective Se refinery methods need to be developed. Overall, this review offers insight into the necessity of shifting attention from Se remediation to Se recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Wang
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Yanming Wang
- Sustainable Process Technologies Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Helena I Gomes
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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6
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Saygili E, Orakci B, Koprulu M, Demirhan A, Ilhan-Ayisigi E, Kilic Y, Yesil-Celiktas O. Quantitative determination of H 2O 2 for detection of alanine aminotransferase using thin film electrodes. Anal Biochem 2019; 591:113538. [PMID: 31830435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal concentrations or absence of biomolecules (e.g., proteins) in blood can further be used in diagnosis of a particular pathology at an early stage. Current studies are intensely focusing on the analysis of interaction and detection of biomolecules via point-of-care systems (POCs), allowing miniaturized and parallelized reactions, simultaneously. Recent developments have shown that the collaboration of electrochemical sensing techniques and POCs to overcome challenging problems in health-care settings provides new approaches in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to adapt the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme to the platinum (Pt) thin film electrode system and quantitatively determine the enzyme levels via enzymatically generated H2O2 with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A simple potentiostat architecture with expanded sweep range utilizing dual LMP91000 devices was developed and adapted to the needs of the biosensor. In order to calibrate the system, known concentrations of H2O2 were also tested. Moreover, signals associated with the other electroactive species coming from the ALT reaction were eliminated. Resulted potential range has been achieved between +500 mV and +900 mV and the linear range was found to be 0.05 M-0.5 M for H2O2, whereas 5 UL-1 to 120 UL-1 for ALT enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Saygili
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Beyza Orakci
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melisa Koprulu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alper Demirhan
- Solar Biyoteknoloji Ltd. (SolarBiotec), 35530, Bayrakli, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Ilhan-Ayisigi
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Genetic and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Yalin Kilic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, 35330, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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7
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Hojabri S, Rajic L, Alshawabkeh AN. Transient reactive transport model for physico-chemical transformation by electrochemical reactive barriers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 358:171-177. [PMID: 29990804 PMCID: PMC6247793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive model that integrates coupled effects of chemical, physical, and electrochemical processes, is necessary for design, analysis, and implementation of the electro-remediation of groundwater under flow conditions. A coupled system of equations to solve for transport and multiple reactions in an electrochemical reactor is numerically intensive due to highly stiff nature of reaction model formulation. In this study, the focus is to develop an efficient model for reactions associated with the transport and physico-chemical transformation in an electrochemical reactor. The model incorporates effects of transport mechanisms as well as chemical and electrochemical reactions. Model verification is provided for pH profiles under different electrolyte compositions in two sets of reactors; a batch and a flow-through reactor. The model is able to predict the concentration of species during the electrochemical remediation process with a close correlation to experimental data (R2 = 0.99 for batch and R2 = 0.78 for flow-through reactor.) Imposing polarity reversal to the system will cause fluctuation of pH, however, the trend stays the same as if no polarity were applied. Ultimately, volumetric charge flow is introduced as a unique parameter characterizing the electroremediation reactor for operating purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hojabri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ljiljana Rajic
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Akram N Alshawabkeh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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8
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He Y, Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Huang H, Shang C, Luo L, Gao J, Tang L. Selenium contamination, consequences and remediation techniques in water and soils: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:288-301. [PMID: 29554620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) contamination in surface and ground water in numerous river basins has become a critical problem worldwide in recent years. The exposure to Se, either direct consumption of Se or indirectly may be fatal to the human health because of its toxicity. The review begins with an introduction of Se chemistry, distribution and health threats, which are essential to the remediation techniques. Then, the review provides the recent and common removal techniques for Se, including reduction techniques, phytoremediation, bioremediation, coagulation-flocculation, electrocoagulation (EC), electrochemical methods, adsorption, coprecipitation, electrokinetics, membrance technology, and chemical precipitation. Removal techniques concentrate on the advantages, drawbacks and the recent achievements of each technique. The review also takes an overall consideration of experimental conditions, comparison criteria and economic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhuo He
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yujia Xiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Hongli Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Cui Shang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jun Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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9
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Electrolytic control of hydrogen peroxide release from calcium peroxide in aqueous solution. Electrochem commun 2018; 93:81-85. [PMID: 30542246 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for water treatment is more practical than the use of liquid H2O2, which is costly to store and transport. Calcium peroxide (CaO2), a solid carrier of H2O2, can release H2O2 on dissolution in water. However, the constant H2O2 release rate of CaO2 has been a bottleneck constraining its wider application. In this study, a practical electrochemical method using a divided cell is developed to control the rate of release of H2O2 from CaO2. The results show that the rate of H2O2 release from CaO2 is enhanced in the anolyte. The increase in H2O2 release is positively correlated with the current. Under a current of 100 mA, the H2O2 concentration was 2.5 times higher after 30 min of electrolysis than in the control experiment in which no current was applied. Water electrolysis in the anodic compartment generates protons that not only: (i) en-hance dissolution of CaO2 and release of H2O2, but also (ii) neutralize the alkaline pH resulting from CaO2 dissolution, thus providing new advantages for the use of CaO2. This effective technique may be suitable for the sophisticated control of H2O2 release in environmental applications.
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10
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Shin SY, Park SM, Baek K. Soil moisture could enhance electrokinetic remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9820-9825. [PMID: 28271352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is the most efficient technique for remediation of fine-grained soil. The primary removal mechanisms of heavy metal in EKR are the electromigration and electroosmosis flow under appropriate electric gradients. Most EKR studies have researched the variation according to the electrolyte and electric voltage. Also, EKR could be influenced by the migration velocity of ions, while few studies have investigated the effect of moisture content. In this study, soil moisture was controlled by using tap water and NaOH as electrolytes to enhance electromigration and electroosmosis flow. In both electrolytes, the higher moisture content led to the more As removal efficiency, but there were no differences between tap water and NaOH. Therefore, tap water was the most cost-effective electrolyte to remove As from fine-grained soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Hoseinzadeh E, Rezaee A. Electrochemical degradation of RB19 dye using low-frequency alternating current: effect of a square wave. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19686h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly aims to investigate the effects of alternating current (AC) on Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RB19) dye removal from aqueous solutions by an electrochemical (EC) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Hoseinzadeh
- Environmental and Occupational Health Dept
- Faculty of Medical Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaee
- Environmental and Occupational Health Dept
- Faculty of Medical Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
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12
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Baek K, Ciblak A, Mao X, Kim EJ, Alshawabkeh A. Iron anode mediated transformation of selenate in sand columns. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:6538-45. [PMID: 24035677 PMCID: PMC6886739 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Removal of aqueous selenate by iron electrolysis is investigated using sand-packed column experiments under a flowing condition. An iron anode generates ferrous ions, while cathode produces hydroxide, thus producing ferrous hydroxide capable of reducing selenate to elemental selenium. Additionally, siderite could reduce selenate or selenite to elemental selenium. The removal rate of selenate is proportional to the contact time and the yield of ferrous hydroxide or ferrous carbonate. At a sequence of anode-cathode, the transformation of selenate mostly occurs in the zone after cathode. An operation of 48 h electrolysis finally transforms 82.2% of selenate at 0.2 mM of initial concentration, 1.8 m/day of seepage velocity and 1.26 mA/cm(2) of current density. A longer reactive zone after cathode slightly increases the reduction of selenate to 84.1%, in comparison with 82.2% of a shorter residence time in the reactive zone after cathode. With shorter electrode spacing (approximately 27% shorter), the transformation rate of selenate decreased to 73.5%; however, the specific electrical energy consumption was saved by 78%. A sequence of cathode-anode was ineffective in removing selenate because of the lack of reducing agent in the column. The results indicate that the electrochemical system might be effective in removing selenate in a single well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Baek K, Kasem N, Ciblak A, Vesper D, Padilla I, Alshawabkeh AN. Electrochemical Removal Of Selenate From Aqueous Solutions. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2013; 215-216:678-684. [PMID: 23378820 PMCID: PMC3559022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Removal of selenate from solution is investigated in batch electrochemical systems using reactive iron anodes and copper plate cathode in a bicarbonate medium. Iron anodes produce ferrous hydroxide, which is a major factor in the removal of selenate from solution. Iron anodes also generate a significant decrease in the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the solution because it prevents generation of oxygen gas at the anode by electrolysis. The removal rates varied from 45.1 to 97.4%, depending on current density and selenate concentration. The transformation of selenate by the process is modeled based on a heterogeneous reaction coupled with electrochemical generation of ferrous and hydroxide. The rates are optimized at lower initial concentrations, higher electrical currents, and the presence of anions. Presence of dissolved oxygen does not cause any significant effects the removal of selenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, Republic of Korea
- Co-corresponding author: (Kitae Baek), Tel.:+ 82-63-270-2437; Fax:+ 82-63-270-2449;
| | - Naji Kasem
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Ciblak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorothy Vesper
- Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, 98 Beechurst Ave, 330 Brooks Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ingrid Padilla
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00681
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author: (Akram Alshawabkeh), Tel.: + 1-617-373-3994; Fax:+ 1-617-373-4419;
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Mao X, Yuan S, Fallahpour N, Ciblak A, Howard J, Padilla I, Loch-Caruso R, Alshawabkeh AN. Electrochemically induced dual reactive barriers for transformation of TCE and mixture of contaminants in groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:12003-11. [PMID: 23067023 PMCID: PMC3493133 DOI: 10.1021/es301711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel reactive electrochemical flow system consisting of an iron anode and a porous cathode is proposed for the remediation of mixture of contaminants in groundwater. The system consists of a series of sequentially arranged electrodes, a perforated iron anode, a porous copper cathode followed by a mesh-type mixed metal oxide anode. The iron anode generates ferrous species and a chemically reducing environment, the porous cathode provides a reactive electrochemically reducing barrier, and the inert anode provides protons and oxygen to neutralize the system. The redox conditions of the electrolyte flowing through this system can be regulated by controlling the distribution of the electric current. Column experiments are conducted to evaluate the process and study the variables. The electrochemical reduction on a copper foam cathode produced an electrode-based reductive potential capable of reducing TCE and nitrate. Rational electrodes arrangement, longer residence time of electrolytes and higher surface area of the foam electrode improve the reductive transformation of TCE. More than 82.2% TCE removal efficiency is achieved for the case of low influent concentration (<7.5 mg/L) and high current (>45 mA). The ferrous species produced from the iron anode not only enhance the transformation of TCE on the cathode, but also facilitates transformation of other contaminants including dichromate, selenate and arsenite. Removal efficiencies greater than 80% are achieved for these contaminants in flowing contaminated water. The overall system, comprising the electrode-based and electrolyte-based barriers, can be engineered as a versatile and integrated remedial method for a relatively wide spectrum of contaminants and their mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Mao
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Noushin Fallahpour
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ali Ciblak
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joniqua Howard
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 00681
| | - Ingrid Padilla
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 00681
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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