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Wang R, Wang L, Yang Y, Zhan J, Ji D, Hu B, Ling Z, Xue M, Zhao S, Yao D, Liu Y, Wang Y. Comparative analysis for the impacts of VOC subgroups and atmospheric oxidation capacity on O 3 based on different observation-based methods at a suburban site in the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118250. [PMID: 38244964 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The persistent O3 pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region remains unresolved, largely due to limited comprehension of O3-precursor relationship and photochemistry drivers. In this work, intraday O3 sensitivity evolution from VOC-limited (volatile organic compound) regime in the forenoon to transition regime in the late afternoon was inferred by relative incremental reactivity (RIR) in summer 2019 at Xianghe, a suburban site in BTH region, suggesting that VOC-focused control policy could combine with stringent afternoon NOx control. Then detailed impacts of VOC subgroups on O3 formation were further comprehensively quantified by parametric OH reactivity (KOH), O3 formation potential (OFP), as well as RIR weighted value and O3 formation path tracing (OFPT) approach based on photochemical box model. O3 episode days corresponded to stronger O3 formation, depicted by higher KOH (10.4 s-1), OFP (331.7 μg m-3), RIR weighted value (1.2), and F(O3)-OFPT (15.5 ppbv h-1). High proportions of isoprene and OVOCs (oxygenated VOCs) to the total KOH and the OFPT method were demonstrated whereas results of OFP and RIR-weighted presented extra great impacts of aromatics on O3 formation. The OFPT approach captured the process that has already happened and included final O3 response to the original VOC, thus reliable for replicating VOC impacts. The comparison results of the four methods showed similarities when utilizing KOH and OFPT methods, which reveals that the potential applicability of simple KOH for contingency VOC control and more complex OFPT method for detailed VOC- and source-oriented control during policy-making. To investigate propulsion of VOC-involved O3 photochemistry, atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) was quantified by two atmospheric oxidation indexes (AOI). Both AOIp_G (7.0 × 107 molec cm-3 s-1, potential AOC calculated by oxidation reaction rates) and AOIe_G (8.5 μmol m-3, estimated AOC given redox electron transfer for oxidation products) were stronger on O3 episode days, indicating that AOC promoted the radical cycling initiated from VOC oxidation and subsequent O3 production. Result-oriented AOIe_G reasonably characterized actual AOC inferred by good linear correlation between AOIe_G and O3 concentrations compared to process-oriented AOIp_G. Therefore, with continuous NOx abatement, AOIe_G should be considered to represent actual AOC, also O3-inducing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junlei Zhan
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhenhao Ling
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Min Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuman Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Dan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Luo H, Zhao K, Yuan Z, Yang L, Zheng J, Huang Z, Huang X. Emission source-based ozone isopleth and isosurface diagrams and their significance in ozone pollution control strategies. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:138-149. [PMID: 34130831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, ozone (O3) pollution has been continuously worsening in most developing countries. The accurate identification of the nonlinear relationship between O3 and its precursors is a prerequisite for formulating effective O3 control measures. At present, precursor-based O3 isopleth diagrams are widely used to infer O3 control strategy at a particular location. However, there is frequently a large gap between the O3-precursor nonlinearity delineated by the O3 isopleths and the emission source control measures to reduce O3 levels. Consequently, we developed an emission source-based O3 isopleth diagram that directly illustrates the O3 level changes in response to synergistic control on two types of emission sources using a validated numerical modeling system and the latest regional emission inventory. Isopleths can be further upgraded to isosurfaces when co-control on three types of emission sources is investigated. Using Guangzhou and Foshan as examples, we demonstrate that similar precursor-based O3 isopleths can be associated with significantly different emission source co-control strategies. In Guangzhou, controlling solvent use emissions was the most effective approach to reduce peak O3 levels. In Foshan, co-control of on-road mobile, solvent use, and fixed combustion sources with a ratio of 3:1:2 or 3:1:3 was best to effectively reduce the peak O3 levels below 145 ppbv. This study underscores the importance of using emission source-based O3 isopleths and isosurface diagrams to guide a precursor emission control strategy that can effectively reduce the peak O3 levels in a particular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Luo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaihui Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zibing Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Leifeng Yang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhijiong Huang
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518022, China
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Li Y, Yin S, Yu S, Bai L, Wang X, Lu X, Ma S. Characteristics of ozone pollution and the sensitivity to precursors during early summer in central plain, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:354-368. [PMID: 33183714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an observation experiment from May 1 to June 30, 2018 in Zhengzhou, a major city in central China, where ground ozone (O3) pollution has become serious in recent years. The concentrations of O3 and its precursors, as well as H2O2 and meteorological data were obtained from the urban site (Yanchang, YC), suburban (Zhengzhou University, ZZU) and background sites (Ganglishuiku, GLSK). Result showed that the rates of O3 concentration exceeded Chinese National Air Quality Standard Grade II (93.3 ppbv) were 59.0%, 52.5%, and 55.7% at the above three sites with good consistency, respectively, indicating that O3 pollution is a regional problem in Zhengzhou. The daily peak O3 appeared at 15:00-16:00, which was opposite to VOCs, NOx, and CO and consistent with H2O2. The exhaustive statistical analysis of meteorological factors and chemical effects on O3 formation at YC was advanced. The high concentration of precursors, high temperature, low relative humidity, and moderately high wind speed together with the wind direction dominated by south and southeast wind contribute to urban O3 episodes in Zhengzhou. O3 formation analysis showed that reactive alkenes such as isoprene and cis-2-butene contributed most to O3 formation. The VOCs/NOx ratio and smog production model were used to determine O3-VOC-NOx sensitivity. The O3 formation in Zhengzhou during early summer was mainly under VOC-limited and transition regions alternately, which implies that the simultaneous emission reduction of alkenes and NOx is effective in reducing O3 pollution in Zhengzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasong Li
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shasha Yin
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shijie Yu
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuangliang Ma
- Henan Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou, 450004, China
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Wang Y, Liao H. Effect of emission control measures on ozone concentrations in Hangzhou during G20 meeting in 2016. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127729. [PMID: 32763646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of emission control measures on ozone (O3) concentrations in Hangzhou during G20 (The Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors) meeting during 24 August to 6 September of 2016 was evaluated using the nested version of a global chemical transport model. During G20, observed concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO were all below national air quality standards, whereas those of MDA8 O3 were above national standard (with an averaged value of 160.2 μg m-3) but had a decreasing trend. Model sensitivity studies show that, MDA8 O3 concentrations in Hangzhou during G20 were reduced by 11.3 μg m-3 (6.8%), 14.8 μg m-3 (8.9%), and 19.5 μg m-3 (11.7%) with emission control measures in the core area, Zhejiang province, and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, respectively, indicating that control measures were the most effective when carried out jointly in YRD. Considering the ratios of NOx to VOCs during G20, Hangzhou and most areas of Zhejiang province were in transitional regime; reductions in either NOx or VOCs could reduce O3 concentrations. We also quantified how sensitive O3 concentrations respond to emission reductions in sectors of industry, power, residential and transportation in the whole of YRD during G20. The removal of emissions in industry and transportation sectors would lead to the largest reductions of 17.6 μg m-3 (10.5%) and 12.3 μg m-3 (7.4%) in MDA8 O3 concentrations in Hangzhou during G20, respectively. This study has important implications for the control of high O3 levels in eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Bockarie AS, Marais EA, MacKenzie AR. Air Pollution and Climate Forcing of the Charcoal Industry in Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13429-13438. [PMID: 33086012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The demand for charcoal in Africa is growing rapidly, driven by urbanization and lack of access to electricity. Charcoal production and use, including plastic burning to initiate combustion, release large quantities of trace gases and particles that impact air quality and climate. Here, we develop an inventory of current (2014) and future (2030) emissions from the charcoal supply chain in Africa that we implement in the GEOS-Chem model to quantify the contribution of charcoal to surface concentrations of PM2.5 and ozone and direct radiative forcing due to aerosols and ozone. We estimate that the charcoal industry in 2014 required 140-460 Tg of biomass and 260 tonnes of plastic and that industry emissions could double by 2030, so that methane emissions from the charcoal industry could outcompete those from open fires by 2025. In 2014, the largest enhancements in PM2.5 (0.5-1.4 μg m-3) and ozone (0.4-0.7 ppbv) occur around the densely populated cities in East and West Africa. Cooling due to aerosols (-100 to -300 mW m-2) is concentrated over dense cities, whereas warming due to ozone is widespread, peaking at 4.2 mW m-2 over the Atlantic Ocean. These effects will worsen with ongoing dependence on this energy source, spurred by rapid urbanization and absence of viable cleaner alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred S Bockarie
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Eloise A Marais
- Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - A R MacKenzie
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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Long-Term Observed Visibility in Eastern Thailand: Temporal Variation, Association with Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors, and Trends. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzed long-term observed visibility over Eastern Thailand, with a focus on urbanized/highly industrialized coastal areas. The temporal coverage spans 9 to 35 years for visibility data and 9 to 15 years for air quality data for the selected stations. Visibility shows strong seasonality and its degradation intensifies in the dry season. It shows a negative correspondence with PM10 and relative humidity, which is evident from different methods. Visibility has strong dependence on wind direction, suggesting the influence of local pollution sources. Back-trajectory results suggest important influences of long-range transport and humidity. Secondary aerosol formation has the potential to aggravate visibility based on a precursor-ratio method. The trends in average visibility at most stations in recent years show negative shift, decreasing direction, or persistence of relatively low visibility, possibly due to increase in air pollution. Contrast was found in the meteorologically adjusted trend (based on generalized linear models) in visibility and PM10, which is partly attributed to the role of fine particles. The study suggests that visibility degradation is a problem in Eastern Thailand and is affected by both air pollutants and meteorology. The study hopes to get attention from policymakers regarding issue of visibility degradation in the region.
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