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Ferraro DP, Pereyra ME, Barrionuevo JS, Quinzio S, Vera MC, Taboada C, Faivovich J, Brunetti AE. Vascularization inside the epidermis of Neotropical anurans (Nobleobatrachia). J Morphol 2023; 284:e21649. [PMID: 37856282 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Anuran skin is a dynamic organ involved in essential functions that strongly correlate with specific morphological traits. Particularly, gas exchange has been associated with epidermal modifications, such as reduced cell layers and increased vascularization. Here, we describe the epidermal morphology and its association with capillary networks in the dorsal skin of 103 Neotropical anurans (Nobleobatrachia) from different ecomorphs and habitats. Additionally, we examined the lateral and ventral skin for a subset of these species. We report intraepidermal capillaries in (i) dorsal skin of Lepidobatrachus laevis and Lepidobatrachus llanensis (burrowing and semi-aquatic Chacoan species), Hyloscirtus colymba and Hyloscirtus palmeri (arboreal species from humid forests), and Alsodes neuquensis and 15 Telmatobius spp. (aquatic and semi-aquatic species from cold environments); (ii) lateral skin of Boana benitezi and H. colymba (arboreal species from humid forests), and (iii) ventral skin of B. benitezi, H. colymba, Atelognathus patagonicus (aquatic species from cold environments), and four Chacoan species, Chacophrys pierottii, Ceratophrys cranwelli (burrowing/terrestrial species), and Lepidobatrachus asper and L. llanensis (burrowing/semi-aquatic species). Also, verrucae hydrophilicae were observed exclusively in the ventral skin of Leptodactylus fuscus, Leptodactylus laticeps (terrestrial and Chacoan species), and B. benitezi. Regardless of the skin region, the capillaries always penetrate the epidermis from the dermis, while epidermal cell layers are flattened. Our findings support previous hypotheses stating that the environment where species occur influences skin changes related to cutaneous respiration (intraepidermal capillaries in different body regions) and water absorption (intraepidermal capillaries associated with verrucae hydrophilicae within ventral skin). Also, phylogeny might influence the development of these structures, as revealed by the presence of intraepidermal capillaries in almost all analyzed species of Telmatobius. Finally, the co-occurrence of verrucae hydrophilicae in the ventral skin of hylids from humid forests, and leptodactylids from the subhumid Chacoan region suggest an independent origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana P Ferraro
- División Limnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernardino Rivadavia' (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Pereyra
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata (Unidad de Investigación Anexo II), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (CONICET), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Sebastián Barrionuevo
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (UEL- CONICET) and Fundación Miguel Lillo (FML), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Quinzio
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miriam C Vera
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, UNaM-CONICET), Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Carlos Taboada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernardino Rivadavia' (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés E Brunetti
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, UNaM-CONICET), Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Kim HT. Histology and morphometry of the skin of purple spaghetti-eel Moringua raitaborua (Anguilliformes, Moringuidae). Appl Microsc 2023; 53:10. [PMID: 37904050 PMCID: PMC10615986 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-023-00093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purple spaghetti-eel Moringua raitaborua lives on the sandy or muddy bottoms of estuaries, which are subject to rapid and wide changes in salinity, pH, and osmoregulatory and hypoxic conditions due to the influx of organic materials from sources of freshwater. The species has adapted to hypoxic environments by developing a thicker epidermis with stratified polygonal cells, club cells, two types of mucous cells (goblet and, oval cells), stratified cuboidal cells and dermis with abundant blood capillaries. Among them, histological modification of thinner dorsal, lateral, and ventral body skin to include abundant capillaries and well-developed dermal vascularization may provide cutaneous respiration, permitting survival in brackish waters with low levels of oxygen and variable environmental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Tae Kim
- Department of Science Education, Jeonju National University of Education, Jeonju, 55101, Republic of Korea.
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Dorostghoal M, Jazayeri A, Ashiri S. Histological study on the skin structure in two mudskippers, Periophthalmus waltoni and Boleophthalmus dussumieri in relation to their terrestrial life. Appl Microsc 2022; 52:13. [PMID: 36525160 PMCID: PMC9756237 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-022-00081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopic structure of skin in two amphibious mudskipper fish; Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1837 (B. dussumeri) and Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941 (P. waltoni) were investigated in relation to their lifestyle. The general structure of skin is the same among the two species. Epidermis in B. dussumeri was thicker significantly than P. waltoni. The dermal bulges were only well developed in the skin of B. dussumeri. Mucous cells were absent in the epidermis of P. waltoni but present in B. dussumeri. Both B. dussumeri and P. waltoni have well-developed swollen middle cells as a shared epidermal feature. The thickness of the middle cell layer of the epidermis in B. dussumeri was significantly greater than in P. waltoni. Capillaries in the dorsal and ventral parts of the body are more closely distributed to the epidermal surface in P. waltoni than in B. dussumeri. The diffusion distance in the dorsal epidermis of P. waltoni was less than that in the ventral epidermis of B. dussumeri. A comparative examination of the skin of mudskipper species suggests that, due to the more terrestrial lifestyle adopted by P. waltoni, the skin contributes more to respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Dorostghoal
- grid.412504.60000 0004 0612 5699Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, P.O.Box: 65355-141, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ashraf Jazayeri
- grid.412504.60000 0004 0612 5699Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, P.O.Box: 65355-141, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Ashiri
- grid.412504.60000 0004 0612 5699Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, P.O.Box: 65355-141, Ahvaz, Iran
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Dong YW, Blanchard TS, Noll A, Vasquez P, Schmitz J, Kelly SP, Wright PA, Whitehead A. Genomic and physiological mechanisms underlying skin plasticity during water to air transition in an amphibious fish. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb235515. [PMID: 33328287 PMCID: PMC7860121 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.235515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The terrestrial radiation of vertebrates required changes in skin that resolved the dual demands of maintaining a mechanical and physiological barrier while also facilitating ion and gas transport. Using the amphibious killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus, we found that transcriptional regulation of skin morphogenesis was quickly activated upon air exposure (1 h). Rapid regulation of cell-cell adhesion complexes and pathways that regulate stratum corneum formation was consistent with barrier function and mechanical reinforcement. Unique blood vessel architecture and regulation of angiogenesis likely supported cutaneous respiration. Differences in ionoregulatory transcripts and ionocyte morphology were correlated with differences in salinity acclimation and resilience to air exposure. Evolutionary analyses reinforced the adaptive importance of these mechanisms. We conclude that rapid plasticity of barrier, respiratory and ionoregulatory functions in skin evolved to support the amphibious lifestyle of K. marmoratus; similar processes may have facilitated the terrestrial radiation of other contemporary and ancient fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tessa S Blanchard
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center (DPZ), Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Picasso Vasquez
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Juergen Schmitz
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Scott P Kelly
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Patricia A Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Center for Population Biology, Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Kim HT, Yun SW, Park JY. Anatomy, histology, and histochemistry of the olfactory organ of the Korean shuttles mudskipper Periophthalmus modestus. J Morphol 2019; 280:1485-1491. [PMID: 31313859 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Korean shuttles mudskipper Periophthalmus modestus has paired olfactory organs on its snout, consisting of anterior and posterior nostrils, a single olfactory canal with sensory and nonsensory epithelia, and a single accessory nasal sac. Its sensory epithelium consists of numerous islets forming a pseudostratified layer and contains various cells: olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells, lymphatic cells (LCs), and axon bundles. The sensory epithelium is a stratified squamous layer comprising stratified epithelial cells, mucous cells (MCs) with glycogen, flattened cells (FCs), LCs, and unidentified cells. Specific structures are as follows: (a) a tubular anterior nostril projecting outward, (b) a slit posterior nostril, (c) an elongated olfactory canal, (d) an ethmoidal accessory nasal sac, (e) axon bundles found only in the basal layer of the sensory epithelium, (f) FCs only at the top of the nonsensory epithelium, and (g) glycogen-containing MCs. Such structures seem to be unique in that they have not been observed in most teleost fishes spending their whole life in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun T Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seung W Yun
- Department of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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Aguilar L, Leite RN, Ferreira CA, da Cruz AL. The integument of the nonamphibious goby Gobionellus oceanicus: Its functional morphology and respiratory capacity. J Morphol 2018; 279:1548-1558. [PMID: 30407645 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Facultative air-breathing fish can exchange respiratory gases using an air-breathing organ (ABO), such as the oral cavity of the integument, during environmental hypoxia. The goby Gobionellus oceanicus inhabits areas subject to environmental hypoxia; however, its ABO is unknown. To investigate the respiratory potential of G. oceanicus, the gill and integument surface area, diffusion capacity, and their diffusion barrier thickness were measured. Our results show that although gill surface area is smaller than observed in other facultative air-breathing fish, but it has all features necessary to perform aquatic gas exchange. Additionally the integument of the palate has a short diffusion barrier thickness and a large calculated O2 -diffusion capacity suggesting that it functions as the ABO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Aguilar
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Bahia, Institute of Biology, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Nuno Leite
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Bahia, Institute of Biology, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - André Luis da Cruz
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Bahia, Institute of Biology, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Lauriano ER, Faggio C, Capillo G, Spanò N, Kuciel M, Aragona M, Pergolizzi S. Immunohistochemical characterization of epidermal dendritic-like cells in giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:380-385. [PMID: 29337248 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Giant Mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Pallas, 1770), is euryhaline, amphibious, and air-breathing fish. These fishes live in close association to mangrove forests and often spend over 90% of time out of water, in adjacent mudflats. They have developed morphological and physiological adaptations to satisfy their unique lifestyles. The skin is the primary interface between the body and the environment, and has a central role in host defence. The initiation of immune responses to antigens in the vertebrate skin has often been attributed to epidermal Langerhans'cells (LC) that are dendritic cells (DC), antigen-presenting cells (APC) which reside in the epidermis. Dendritic cells have been characterized morphologically and functionally in the teleost fish tissues such as rainbow trout, salmonids, medaka, African catfish and zebrafish. However, there is no evidence of the presence of DCs and their role in mudskippers immunity. The aim of this preliminary study was to characterize, through use of specific antibodies: Toll-like receptor 2, S100, serotonin (5-HT), and Vesicular acetylcholine transporter VAChT, a specific DC-like subpopulation in Pn. schlosseri's epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - C Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - G Capillo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - N Spanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - M Kuciel
- Poison Information Centre, Department of Toxicology and Environmental Disease, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 15, 31-105 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Aragona
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - S Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Jaafar Z, Parenti LR. Systematics of the mudskipper genus OxudercesEydoux & Souleyet 1848 (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) with resurrection from synonymy of O. nexipinnis(Cantor 1849). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeehan Jaafar
- Division of Fishes; Smithsonian Institution; National Museum of Natural History; PO Box 37012, MRC 159 Washington DC 20013-7012 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; 14 Science Drive 4 117543 Singapore
| | - Lynne R. Parenti
- Division of Fishes; Smithsonian Institution; National Museum of Natural History; PO Box 37012, MRC 159 Washington DC 20013-7012 USA
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9
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Park J, Kim I, Lee Y, Kim S. Histology and Morphometrics of the epidermis of the fins and sucking disc of the mudskipper,Periophtholmus modestus(Pisces, Gobiidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Park J, Kim I, Kim S. Morphology and histochemistry of the skin of the mud loach,misgurnus mizolepis, in relation to cutaeneous respiration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2001.9647619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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