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Rybalka N, Blanke M, Tzvetkova A, Noll A, Roos C, Boy J, Boy D, Nimptsch D, Godoy R, Friedl T. Unrecognized diversity and distribution of soil algae from Maritime Antarctica (Fildes Peninsula, King George Island). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1118747. [PMID: 37434717 PMCID: PMC10332270 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1118747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eukaryotic algae in the top few centimeters of fellfield soils of ice-free Maritime Antarctica have many important effects on their habitat, such as being significant drivers of organic matter input into the soils and reducing the impact of wind erosion by soil aggregate formation. To better understand the diversity and distribution of Antarctic terrestrial algae, we performed a pilot study on the surface soils of Meseta, an ice-free plateau mountain crest of Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, being hardly influenced by the marine realm and anthropogenic disturbances. It is openly exposed to microbial colonization from outside Antarctica and connected to the much harsher and dryer ice-free zones of the continental Antarctic. A temperate reference site under mild land use, SchF, was included to further test for the Meseta algae distribution in a contrasting environment. Methods We employed a paired-end metabarcoding analysis based on amplicons of the highly variable nuclear-encoded ITS2 rDNA region, complemented by a clone library approach. It targeted the four algal classes, Chlorophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Ulvophyceae, and Xanthophyceae, representing key groups of cold-adapted soil algae. Results A surprisingly high diversity of 830 algal OTUs was revealed, assigned to 58 genera in the four targeted algal classes. Members of the green algal class Trebouxiophyceae predominated in the soil algae communities. The major part of the algal biodiversity, 86.1% of all algal OTUs, could not be identified at the species level due to insufficient representation in reference sequence databases. The classes Ulvophyceae and Xanthophyceae exhibited the most unknown species diversity. About 9% of the Meseta algae species diversity was shared with that of the temperate reference site in Germany. Discussion In the small portion of algal OTUs for which their distribution could be assessed, the entire ITS2 sequence identity with references shows that the soil algae likely have a wide distribution beyond the Polar regions. They probably originated from soil algae propagule banks in far southern regions, transported by aeolian transport over long distances. The dynamics and severity of environmental conditions at the soil surface, determined by high wind currents, and the soil algae's high adaptability to harsh environmental conditions may account for the high similarity of soil algal communities between the northern and southern parts of the Meseta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Rybalka
- Department of Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (EPSAG), Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Blanke
- Department of Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (EPSAG), Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana Tzvetkova
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Boy
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Diana Boy
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Daniel Nimptsch
- Department of Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (EPSAG), Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roberto Godoy
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Thomas Friedl
- Department of Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (EPSAG), Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Dong YW, Blanchard TS, Noll A, Vasquez P, Schmitz J, Kelly SP, Wright PA, Whitehead A. Genomic and physiological mechanisms underlying skin plasticity during water to air transition in an amphibious fish. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb235515. [PMID: 33328287 PMCID: PMC7860121 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.235515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The terrestrial radiation of vertebrates required changes in skin that resolved the dual demands of maintaining a mechanical and physiological barrier while also facilitating ion and gas transport. Using the amphibious killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus, we found that transcriptional regulation of skin morphogenesis was quickly activated upon air exposure (1 h). Rapid regulation of cell-cell adhesion complexes and pathways that regulate stratum corneum formation was consistent with barrier function and mechanical reinforcement. Unique blood vessel architecture and regulation of angiogenesis likely supported cutaneous respiration. Differences in ionoregulatory transcripts and ionocyte morphology were correlated with differences in salinity acclimation and resilience to air exposure. Evolutionary analyses reinforced the adaptive importance of these mechanisms. We conclude that rapid plasticity of barrier, respiratory and ionoregulatory functions in skin evolved to support the amphibious lifestyle of K. marmoratus; similar processes may have facilitated the terrestrial radiation of other contemporary and ancient fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tessa S Blanchard
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center (DPZ), Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Picasso Vasquez
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Juergen Schmitz
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Scott P Kelly
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Patricia A Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Center for Population Biology, Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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3
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Bennstein SB, Scherenschlich N, Weinhold S, Manser AR, Noll A, Raba K, Kögler G, Walter L, Uhrberg M. Transcriptional and functional characterization of neonatal circulating Innate Lymphoid Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:867-882. [PMID: 33475258 PMCID: PMC8133339 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), comprising ILC1, 2, and 3 subpopulations, play unique roles in maintaining microbiome homeostasis, mucosal tissue integrity, and control of inflammation. So far, their characterization is dominantly based on tissue-resident ILCs, whereas little information is available on circulating ILCs, in particular in newborns. In order to get a deeper understanding of neonatal innate immunity, we analyzed the transcriptomes and effector functions of cord blood (CB) ILCs. By RNAseq analysis, all ILC subsets could be clearly distinguished from each other. CB-derived ILCs were generally closer related to neonatal T than natural killer (NK) cells and several factors shared by all three ILC subsets such as CD28, CCR4, and SLAMF1 are commonly expressed by T cells but lacking in NK cells. Notably, CB ILCs exhibited a unique signature of DNA binding inhibitor (ID) transcription factors (TF) with high ID3 and low ID2 expression distinct from PB- or tonsil-derived ILCs. In vitro stimulation of sorted CB ILCs revealed distinct differences to tissue-resident ILCs in that ILC1-like and ILC3-like cells were nonresponsive to specific cytokine stimulation, indicating functional immaturity. However, CB ILC3-like cells expressed toll-like receptors TLR1 and TLR2 and upon stimulation with the TLR2:1 ligand Pam3 CSK4 , responded with significantly increased proliferation and cytokine secretion. Together, our data provide novel insights into neonatal ILC biology with a unique TF signature of CB ILCs possibly indicating a common developmental pathway and furthermore a role of CB ILC3-like cells in innate host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bianca Bennstein
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Scherenschlich
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Riccarda Manser
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibnitz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Raba
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gesine Kögler
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibnitz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Dolotovskaya S, Bordallo JT, Haus T, Noll A, Hofreiter M, Zinner D, Roos C. Comparing mitogenomic timetrees for two African savannah primate genera (Chlorocebus and Papio). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Dolotovskaya
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juan Torroba Bordallo
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Haus
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Bennstein SB, Weinhold S, Manser AR, Scherenschlich N, Noll A, Raba K, Kögler G, Walter L, Uhrberg M. Umbilical cord blood-derived ILC1-like cells constitute a novel precursor for mature KIR +NKG2A - NK cells. eLife 2020; 9:55232. [PMID: 32657756 PMCID: PMC7358013 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their identification several years ago, molecular identity and developmental relation between human ILC1 and NK cells, comprising group 1 ILCs, is still elusive. To unravel their connection, thorough transcriptional, epigenetic, and functional characterization was performed from umbilical cord blood (CB). Unexpectedly, ILC1-like cells lacked Tbet expression and failed to produce IFNγ. Moreover, in contrast to previously described ILC1 subsets they could be efficiently differentiated into NK cells. These were characterized by highly diversified KIR repertoires including late stage NKG2A-KIR+ effector cells that are commonly not generated from previously known NK cell progenitor sources. This property was dependent on stroma cell-derived Notch ligands. The frequency of the novel ILC1-like NK cell progenitor (NKP) significantly declined in CB from early to late gestational age. The study supports a model in which circulating fetal ILC1-like NKPs travel to secondary lymphoid tissues to initiate the formation of diversified NK cell repertoires after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bianca Bennstein
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Riccarda Manser
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Scherenschlich
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibnitz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Raba
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gesine Kögler
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibnitz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Karunakaran MM, Willcox CR, Salim M, Paletta D, Fichtner AS, Noll A, Starick L, Nöhren A, Begley CR, Berwick KA, Chaleil RAG, Pitard V, Déchanet-Merville J, Bates PA, Kimmel B, Knowles TJ, Kunzmann V, Walter L, Jeeves M, Mohammed F, Willcox BE, Herrmann T. Butyrophilin-2A1 Directly Binds Germline-Encoded Regions of the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR and Is Essential for Phosphoantigen Sensing. Immunity 2020; 52:487-498.e6. [PMID: 32155411 PMCID: PMC7083227 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond in a TCR-dependent fashion to both microbial and host-derived pyrophosphate compounds (phosphoantigens, or P-Ag). Butyrophilin-3A1 (BTN3A1), a protein structurally related to the B7 family of costimulatory molecules, is necessary but insufficient for this process. We performed radiation hybrid screens to uncover direct TCR ligands and cofactors that potentiate BTN3A1's P-Ag sensing function. These experiments identified butyrophilin-2A1 (BTN2A1) as essential to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell recognition. BTN2A1 synergised with BTN3A1 in sensitizing P-Ag-exposed cells for Vγ9Vδ2 TCR-mediated responses. Surface plasmon resonance experiments established Vγ9Vδ2 TCRs used germline-encoded Vγ9 regions to directly bind the BTN2A1 CFG-IgV domain surface. Notably, somatically recombined CDR3 loops implicated in P-Ag recognition were uninvolved. Immunoprecipitations demonstrated close cell-surface BTN2A1-BTN3A1 association independent of P-Ag stimulation. Thus, BTN2A1 is a BTN3A1-linked co-factor critical to Vγ9Vδ2 TCR recognition. Furthermore, these results suggest a composite-ligand model of P-Ag sensing wherein the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR directly interacts with both BTN2A1 and an additional ligand recognized in a CDR3-dependent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Butyrophilins/chemistry
- Butyrophilins/immunology
- Butyrophilins/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Germ Cells/immunology
- Germ Cells/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carrie R Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mahboob Salim
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Paletta
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alina S Fichtner
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Starick
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Nöhren
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte R Begley
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katie A Berwick
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Vincent Pitard
- ImmunoConcEpT Laboratory, Equipe labellisée, LIGUE 2017, UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, CNRS, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Flow Cytometry Facility, TransBioMed Core, Bordeaux University, CNRS UMS 3427, INSERM US05, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- ImmunoConcEpT Laboratory, Equipe labellisée, LIGUE 2017, UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, CNRS, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Flow Cytometry Facility, TransBioMed Core, Bordeaux University, CNRS UMS 3427, INSERM US05, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul A Bates
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Brigitte Kimmel
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Volker Kunzmann
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Jeeves
- Henry Wellcome Building for NMR, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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7
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Sharma A, Liu H, Tobar-Tosse F, Noll A, Chand Dakal T, Li H, Holz FG, Loeffler KU, Herwig-Carl MC. Genome organization in proximity to the BAP1 locus appears to play a pivotal role in a variety of cancers. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1385-1391. [PMID: 31957195 PMCID: PMC7156870 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer studies primarily focus on the characterization of the key driver genes and the underlying pathways. However, the contribution of other cancer-associated genes located in the genomic neighborhood of the driver genes could help to understand further aspects of cancer progression. Given the frequent involvement of chromosome 3 in multiple human cancers, in particular in the form of the prognostically highly relevant monosomy 3 in uveal melanoma (UM), we investigated the cumulative impact of cancer-associated genes on chromosome 3. Our analysis showed that these genes are enriched with repetitive elements with genes surrounded by distinctive repeats (MIR, hAT-Charlie, ERVL-MaLR, LINE-2, and simple/low complexity) in the promoter being more precisely associated with cancer-related pathways than the ones with major transposable elements (SINE/Alu and LINE-1). Additionally, these genes showed strong intrachromosomal chromatin interactions in 3D nuclear organization. Further investigations revealed a genomic hotspot in the vicinity of BAP1 locus, which is affected in 27 types of different cancers and contains abundant noncoding RNAs that are often expressed in a tissue-specific manner. The cross-species comparison of these cancer-associated genes revealed mostly a shared synteny in closer primates. However, near to the BAP1 locus signs of chromosomal inversions were observed during the course of evolution. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the entire genomic neighborhood of cancer-associated genes located on any single chromosome. Based on our results, we hypothesize that monosomy of chromosome 3 will have important clinical and molecular consequences in the respective diseases and in particular in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hongde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur, Udaipur, India
| | - Huamei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin U Loeffler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Gogarten JF, Calvignac-Spencer S, Nunn CL, Ulrich M, Saiepour N, Nielsen HV, Deschner T, Fichtel C, Kappeler PM, Knauf S, Müller-Klein N, Ostner J, Robbins MM, Sangmaneedet S, Schülke O, Surbeck M, Wittig RM, Sliwa A, Strube C, Leendertz FH, Roos C, Noll A. Metabarcoding of eukaryotic parasite communities describes diverse parasite assemblages spanning the primate phylogeny. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 20:204-215. [PMID: 31600853 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite their ubiquity, in most cases little is known about the impact of eukaryotic parasites on their mammalian hosts. Comparative approaches provide a powerful method to investigate the impact of parasites on host ecology and evolution, though two issues are critical for such efforts: controlling for variation in methods of identifying parasites and incorporating heterogeneity in sampling effort across host species. To address these issues, there is a need for standardized methods to catalogue eukaryotic parasite diversity across broad phylogenetic host ranges. We demonstrate the feasibility of a metabarcoding approach for describing parasite communities by analysing faecal samples from 11 nonhuman primate species representing divergent lineages of the primate phylogeny and the full range of sampling effort (i.e. from no parasites reported in the literature to the best-studied primates). We detected a number of parasite families and regardless of prior sampling effort, metabarcoding of only ten faecal samples identified parasite families previously undescribed in each host (x̅ = 8.5 new families per species). We found more overlap between parasite families detected with metabarcoding and published literature when more research effort-measured as the number of publications-had been conducted on the host species' parasites. More closely related primates and those from the same continent had more similar parasite communities, highlighting the biological relevance of sampling even a small number of hosts. Collectively, results demonstrate that metabarcoding methods are sensitive and powerful enough to standardize studies of eukaryotic parasite communities across host species, providing essential new tools for macroecological studies of parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Gogarten
- Project Group 3: Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Viral Evolution, Robert Koch-Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer
- Project Group 3: Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Viral Evolution, Robert Koch-Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles L Nunn
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Markus Ulrich
- Project Group 3: Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nasrin Saiepour
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Deschner
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany.,Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany.,Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Knauf
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Work Group, Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Müller-Klein
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ostner
- Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Martha M Robbins
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Somboon Sangmaneedet
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Martin Surbeck
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roman M Wittig
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | | | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Project Group 3: Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany.,Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
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9
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Rogers J, Raveendran M, Harris RA, Mailund T, Leppälä K, Athanasiadis G, Schierup MH, Cheng J, Munch K, Walker JA, Konkel MK, Jordan V, Steely CJ, Beckstrom TO, Bergey C, Burrell A, Schrempf D, Noll A, Kothe M, Kopp GH, Liu Y, Murali S, Billis K, Martin FJ, Muffato M, Cox L, Else J, Disotell T, Muzny DM, Phillips-Conroy J, Aken B, Eichler EE, Marques-Bonet T, Kosiol C, Batzer MA, Hahn MW, Tung J, Zinner D, Roos C, Jolly CJ, Gibbs RA, Worley KC. The comparative genomics and complex population history of Papio baboons. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau6947. [PMID: 30854422 PMCID: PMC6401983 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that closely related species can accumulate substantial genetic and phenotypic differences despite ongoing gene flow, thus challenging traditional ideas regarding the genetics of speciation. Baboons (genus Papio) are Old World monkeys consisting of six readily distinguishable species. Baboon species hybridize in the wild, and prior data imply a complex history of differentiation and introgression. We produced a reference genome assembly for the olive baboon (Papio anubis) and whole-genome sequence data for all six extant species. We document multiple episodes of admixture and introgression during the radiation of Papio baboons, thus demonstrating their value as a model of complex evolutionary divergence, hybridization, and reticulation. These results help inform our understanding of similar cases, including modern humans, Neanderthals, Denisovans, and other ancient hominins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Muthuswamy Raveendran
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - R. Alan Harris
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas Mailund
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, CF Møllers Alle 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kalle Leppälä
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, CF Møllers Alle 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Georgios Athanasiadis
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, CF Møllers Alle 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Heide Schierup
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, CF Møllers Alle 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jade Cheng
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, CF Møllers Alle 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Munch
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, CF Møllers Alle 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jerilyn A. Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Miriam K. Konkel
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, 105 Collings Street, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Vallmer Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Cody J. Steely
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Thomas O. Beckstrom
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Christina Bergey
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Departments of Anthropology and Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 514 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew Burrell
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Dominik Schrempf
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 11210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maximillian Kothe
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gisela H. Kopp
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Yue Liu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shwetha Murali
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, S413C, Box 355065, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, S413C, Box 355065, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
| | - Konstantinos Billis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Fergal J. Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Matthieu Muffato
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Laura Cox
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 475 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - James Else
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Yerkes Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Todd Disotell
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jane Phillips-Conroy
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, McMillan Hall, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Bronwen Aken
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, S413C, Box 355065, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, S413C, Box 355065, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Dr. Aiguader, 88. 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, c/de les Columnes, s/n. Campus de la UAB. 08193–Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolin Kosiol
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 11210 Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Dyers Brae House, Greenside Place, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Mark A. Batzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Matthew W. Hahn
- Department of Biology and Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Box 90989, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box 24481, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clifford J. Jolly
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kim C. Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Gutleb DR, Ostner J, Schülke O, Wajjwalku W, Sukmak M, Roos C, Noll A. Non-invasive genotyping with a massively parallel sequencing panel for the detection of SNPs in HPA-axis genes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15944. [PMID: 30374157 PMCID: PMC6206064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a genotyping panel for the investigation of the genetic underpinnings of inter-individual differences in aggression and the physiological stress response. The panel builds on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the three subsystems of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis: the catecholamine, serotonin and corticoid metabolism. To promote the pipeline for use with wild animal populations, we used non-invasively collected faecal samples from a wild population of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis). We targeted loci of 46 previously reported SNPs in 21 candidate genes coding for elements of the HPA-axis and amplified and sequenced them using next-generation Illumina sequencing technology. We compared multiple bioinformatics pipelines for variant calling and variant effect prediction. Based on this strategy and the application of different quality thresholds, we identified up to 159 SNPs with different types of predicted functional effects among our natural study population. This study provides a massively parallel sequencing panel that will facilitate integrating large-scale SNP data into behavioural and physiological studies. Such a multi-faceted approach will promote understanding of flexibility and constraints of animal behaviour and hormone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Gutleb
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Research Group Social Evolution in Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany. .,Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - J Ostner
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Research Group Social Evolution in Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - O Schülke
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Research Group Social Evolution in Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - W Wajjwalku
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - M Sukmak
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - C Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Pein MK, Rahne T, Noll A, Plontke SK. Seltene Differenzialdiagnose einer Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeit im Kindesalter. HNO 2018; 66:779-782. [DOI: 10.1007/s00106-018-0486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Hydes T, Noll A, Salinas‐Riester G, Abuhilal M, Armstrong T, Hamady Z, Primrose J, Takhar A, Walter L, Khakoo SI. IL-12 and IL-15 induce the expression of CXCR6 and CD49a on peripheral natural killer cells. Immun Inflamm Dis 2018; 6:34-46. [PMID: 28952190 PMCID: PMC5818449 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Murine hepatic NK cells exhibit adaptive features, with liver-specific adhesion molecules CXCR6 and CD49a acting as surface markers. METHODS We investigated human liver-resident CXCR6+ and CD49a+ NK cells using RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and functional analysis. We further assessed the role of cytokines in generating NK cells with these phenotypes from the peripheral blood. RESULTS Hepatic CD49a+ NK cells could be induced using cytokines and produce high quantities of IFNγ and TNFα, in contrast to hepatic CXCR6+ NK cells. RNA sequencing of liver-resident CXCR6+ NK cells confirmed a tolerant immature phenotype with reduced expression of markers associated with maturity and cytotoxicity. Liver-resident double-positive CXCR6 + CD49a+ hepatic NK cells are immature but maintain high expression of Th1 cytokines as observed for single-positive CD49a+ NK cells. We show that stimulation with activating cytokines can readily induce upregulation of both CD49a and CXCR6 on NK cells in the peripheral blood. In particular, IL-12 and IL-15 can generate CXCR6 + CD49a+ NK cells in vitro from NK cells isolated from the peripheral blood, with comparable phenotypic and functional features to liver-resident CD49a+ NK cells, including enhanced IFNγ and NKG2C expression. CONCLUSION IL-12 and IL-15 may be key for generating NK cells with a tissue-homing phenotype and strong Th1 cytokine profile in the blood, and links peripheral activation of NK cells with tissue-homing. These findings may have important therapeutic implications for immunotherapy of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hydes
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CentreGöttingenGermany
| | - Gabriela Salinas‐Riester
- Transcriptome and Genome Analysis Laboratory GöttingenUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGermany
| | - Mohammed Abuhilal
- Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Thomas Armstrong
- Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Zaed Hamady
- Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - John Primrose
- Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Arjun Takhar
- Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CentreGöttingenGermany
| | - Salim I. Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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13
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Gutleb DR, Roos C, Noll A, Ostner J, Schülke O. COMT Val 158 Met moderates the link between rank and aggression in a non-human primate. Genes Brain Behav 2017; 17:e12443. [PMID: 29194954 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COMT Val158 Met polymorphism is one of the most widely studied genetic polymorphisms in humans implicated in aggression and the moderation of stressful life event effects. We screened a wild primate population for polymorphisms at the COMT Val158 Met site and phenotyped them for aggression to test whether the human polymorphism exists and is associated with variation in aggressive behavior. Subjects were all adults from 4 study groups (37 males, 40 females) of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) in their natural habitat (Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand). We collected focal animal behavioral data (27 males, 36 females, 5964 focal hours) and fecal samples for non-invasive DNA analysis. We identified the human COMT Val158 Met polymorphism (14 Met/Met, 41 Val/Met and 22 Val/Val). Preliminary results suggest that COMT genotype and dominance rank interact to influence aggression rates. Aggression rates increased with rank in Val/Val, but decreased in Met/Met and Val/Met individuals, with no significant main effect of COMT genotype on aggression. Further support for the interaction effect comes from time series analyses revealing that when changing from lower to higher rank position Val/Val individuals decreased, whereas Met/Met individuals increased their aggression rate. Contradicting the interpretation of earlier studies, we show that the widely studied Val158 Met polymorphism in COMT is not unique to humans and yields similar behavioral phenotypes in a non-human primate. This study represents an important step towards understanding individual variation in aggression in a wild primate population and may inform human behavioral geneticists about the evolutionary roots of inter-individual variation in aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Gutleb
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Research Group Social Evolution in Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Ostner
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Research Group Social Evolution in Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - O Schülke
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Research Group Social Evolution in Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Dolotovskaya S, Torroba Bordallo J, Haus T, Noll A, Hofreiter M, Zinner D, Roos C. Comparing mitogenomic timetrees for two African savannah primate genera (Chlorocebus and Papio). Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Complete mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes have proved to be useful in reconstructing primate phylogenies with higher resolution and confidence compared to reconstructions based on partial mtDNA sequences. Here, we analyse complete mtDNA genomes of African green monkeys (genus Chlorocebus), a widely distributed primate genus in Africa representing an interesting phylogeographical model for the evolution of savannah species. Previous studies on partial mtDNA sequences revealed nine major clades, suggesting several cases of para- and polyphyly among Chlorocebus species. However, in these studies, phylogenetic relationships among several clades were not resolved, and divergence times were not estimated. We analysed complete mtDNA genomes for ten Chlorocebus samples representing major mtDNA clades to find stronger statistical support in the phylogenetic reconstruction than in the previous studies and to estimate divergence times. Our results confirmed para- and polyphyletic relationships of most Chlorocebus species, while the support for the phylogenetic relationships between the mtDNA clades increased compared to the previous studies. Our results indicate an initial west–east division in the northern part of the Chlorocebus range with subsequent divergence into north-eastern and southern clades. This phylogeographic scenario contrasts with that for another widespread African savannah primate genus, the baboons (Papio), for which a dispersal from southern Africa into East and West Africa was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Dolotovskaya
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juan Torroba Bordallo
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Haus
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Byrareddy SN, Arthos J, Cicala C, Villinger F, Ortiz KT, Little D, Sidell N, Kane MA, Yu J, Jones JW, Santangelo PJ, Zurla C, McKinnon LR, Arnold KB, Woody CE, Walter L, Roos C, Noll A, Van Ryk D, Jelicic K, Cimbro R, Gumber S, Reid MD, Adsay V, Amancha PK, Mayne AE, Parslow TG, Fauci AS, Ansari AA. Sustained virologic control in SIV+ macaques after antiretroviral and α4β7 antibody therapy. Science 2017; 354:197-202. [PMID: 27738167 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) effectively suppresses replication of both the immunodeficiency viruses, human (HIV) and simian (SIV); however, virus rebounds soon after ART is withdrawn. SIV-infected monkeys were treated with a 90-day course of ART initiated at 5 weeks post infection followed at 9 weeks post infection by infusions of a primatized monoclonal antibody against the α4β7 integrin administered every 3 weeks until week 32. These animals subsequently maintained low to undetectable viral loads and normal CD4+ T cell counts in plasma and gastrointestinal tissues for more than 9 months, even after all treatment was withdrawn. This combination therapy allows macaques to effectively control viremia and reconstitute their immune systems without a need for further therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Division of Pathology, The Yerkes National Primate Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kristina T Ortiz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dawn Little
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Neil Sidell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Philip J Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30680, USA
| | - Chiara Zurla
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30680, USA
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Caroline E Woody
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Donald Van Ryk
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katija Jelicic
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raffaello Cimbro
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Division of Pathology, The Yerkes National Primate Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michelle D Reid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Praveen K Amancha
- Division of Pathology, The Yerkes National Primate Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ann E Mayne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tristram G Parslow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anthony S Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Warren WC, Jasinska AJ, García-Pérez R, Svardal H, Tomlinson C, Rocchi M, Archidiacono N, Capozzi O, Minx P, Montague MJ, Kyung K, Hillier LW, Kremitzki M, Graves T, Chiang C, Hughes J, Tran N, Huang Y, Ramensky V, Choi OW, Jung YJ, Schmitt CA, Juretic N, Wasserscheid J, Turner TR, Wiseman RW, Tuscher JJ, Karl JA, Schmitz JE, Zahn R, O'Connor DH, Redmond E, Nisbett A, Jacquelin B, Müller-Trutwin MC, Brenchley JM, Dione M, Antonio M, Schroth GP, Kaplan JR, Jorgensen MJ, Thomas GWC, Hahn MW, Raney BJ, Aken B, Nag R, Schmitz J, Churakov G, Noll A, Stanyon R, Webb D, Thibaud-Nissen F, Nordborg M, Marques-Bonet T, Dewar K, Weinstock GM, Wilson RK, Freimer NB. The genome of the vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Genome Res 2015; 25:1921-33. [PMID: 26377836 PMCID: PMC4665013 DOI: 10.1101/gr.192922.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We describe a genome reference of the African green monkey or vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops). This member of the Old World monkey (OWM) superfamily is uniquely valuable for genetic investigations of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), for which it is the most abundant natural host species, and of a wide range of health-related phenotypes assessed in Caribbean vervets (C. a. sabaeus), whose numbers have expanded dramatically since Europeans introduced small numbers of their ancestors from West Africa during the colonial era. We use the reference to characterize the genomic relationship between vervets and other primates, the intra-generic phylogeny of vervet subspecies, and genome-wide structural variations of a pedigreed C. a. sabaeus population. Through comparative analyses with human and rhesus macaque, we characterize at high resolution the unique chromosomal fission events that differentiate the vervets and their close relatives from most other catarrhine primates, in whom karyotype is highly conserved. We also provide a summary of transposable elements and contrast these with the rhesus macaque and human. Analysis of sequenced genomes representing each of the main vervet subspecies supports previously hypothesized relationships between these populations, which range across most of sub-Saharan Africa, while uncovering high levels of genetic diversity within each. Sequence-based analyses of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms reveal extremely low diversity in Caribbean C. a. sabaeus vervets, compared to vervets from putatively ancestral West African regions. In the C. a. sabaeus research population, we discover the first structural variations that are, in some cases, predicted to have a deleterious effect; future studies will determine the phenotypic impact of these variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C Warren
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Anna J Jasinska
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Raquel García-Pérez
- ICREA at Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (UPF-CSIC) and Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico (CNAG), PRBB/PCB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hannes Svardal
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Mariano Rocchi
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Bari 70126, Italy
| | | | - Oronzo Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Patrick Minx
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Michael J Montague
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Kim Kyung
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - LaDeana W Hillier
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Milinn Kremitzki
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Tina Graves
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Colby Chiang
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | | | - Nam Tran
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Vasily Ramensky
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Oi-Wa Choi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yoon J Jung
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Christopher A Schmitt
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nikoleta Juretic
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | | - Trudy R Turner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53705, USA; Department of Genetics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Jennifer J Tuscher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Julie A Karl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Jörn E Schmitz
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Roland Zahn
- Crucell Holland B.V., 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Eugene Redmond
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Alex Nisbett
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Béatrice Jacquelin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Jason M Brenchley
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9821, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jay R Kaplan
- Center for Comparative Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157-1040, USA
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Center for Comparative Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157-1040, USA
| | - Gregg W C Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Matthew W Hahn
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Brian J Raney
- University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - Bronwen Aken
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Rishi Nag
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Juergen Schmitz
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gennady Churakov
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roscoe Stanyon
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - David Webb
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | | | - Magnus Nordborg
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- ICREA at Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (UPF-CSIC) and Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico (CNAG), PRBB/PCB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ken Dewar
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06001, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Abstract
Transposable elements, once described by Barbara McClintock as controlling genetic units, not only occupy the largest part of our genome but are also a prominent moving force of genomic plasticity and innovation. They usually replicate and reintegrate into genomes silently, sometimes causing malfunctions or misregulations, but occasionally millions of years later, a few may evolve into new functional units. Retrotransposons make their way into the genome following reverse transcription of RNA molecules and chromosomal insertion. In therian mammals, long interspersed elements 1 (LINE1s) self-propagate but also coretropose many RNAs, including mRNAs and small RNAs that usually exhibit an oligo(A) tail. The revitalization of specific LINE1 elements in the mammalian lineage about 150 Ma parallels the rise of many other nonautonomous mobilized genomic elements. We previously identified and described hundreds of tRNA-derived retropseudogenes missing characteristic oligo(A) tails consequently termed tailless retropseudogenes. Additional analyses now revealed hundreds of thousands of tailless retropseudogenes derived from nearly all types of RNAs. We extracted 2,402 perfect tailless sequences (with discernible flanking target site duplications) originating from tRNAs, spliceosomal RNAs, 5S rRNAs, 7SK RNAs, mRNAs, and others. Interestingly, all are truncated at one or more defined positions that coincide with internal single-stranded regions. 5S ribosomal and U2 spliceosomal RNAs were analyzed in the context of mammalian phylogeny to discern the origin of the therian LINE1 retropositional system that evolved in our 150-Myr-old ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Noll
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten A Raabe
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Gennady Churakov
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany Institute of Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brosius
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany Institute of Evolutionary and Medical Genomics, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schmitz
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany
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Johung T, Venkatesh H, Caretti V, Noll A, Monje M. ME-08 * NEURONS PROMOTE GLIOMA GROWTH IN AN ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT MANNER. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou261.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Noll A, Grundmann N, Churakov G, Brosius J, Makałowski W, Schmitz J. GPAC-genome presence/absence compiler: a web application to comparatively visualize multiple genome-level changes. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 32:275-86. [PMID: 25261406 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of genome-wide and comparative sequence information has been broadened considerably by the databases available from the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Bioinformatics Department. In particular, the identification and visualization of genomic sequences, present in some species but absent in others, led to fundamental insights into gene and genome evolution. However, the UCSC tools currently enable one to visualize orthologous genomic loci for a range of species in only a single locus. For large-scale comparative analyses of such presence/absence patterns a multilocus view would be more desirable. Such a tool would enable us to compare thousands of relevant loci simultaneously and to resolve many different questions about, for example, phylogeny, specific aspects of genome and gene evolution, such as the gain or loss of exons and introns, the emergence of novel transposed elements, nonprotein-coding RNAs, and viral genomic particles. Here, we present the first tool to facilitate the parallel analysis of thousands of genomic loci for cross-species presence/absence patterns based on multiway genome alignments. This genome presence/absence compiler uses annotated or other compilations of coordinates of genomic locations and compiles all presence/absence patterns in a flexible, color-coded table linked to the individual UCSC Genome Browser alignments. We provide examples of the versatile information content of such a screening system especially for 7SL-derived transposed elements, nuclear mitochondrial DNA, DNA transposons, and miRNAs in primates (http://www.bioinformatics.uni-muenster.de/tools/gpac, last accessed October 1, 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Noll
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Grundmann
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gennady Churakov
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brosius
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wojciech Makałowski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schmitz
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Caretti V, Noll A, Woo P, Monje M, Cockle J, Bruning-Richardson A, Picton S, Levesley J, Ilett E, Short S, Melcher A, Lawler S, Garzia L, Dubuc A, Pitcher G, Northcott P, Mariampillai A, Mack S, Zayne K, Chan T, Skowron P, Wu X, Lionel A, Morrisy S, Hawkins C, Kongkham P, Rutka J, Huang A, Kenney A, Yang V, Salter M, Taylor M, Garzia L, Morrisy S, Skowron P, Jelveh S, Lindsay P, Largaespada D, Collier L, Dupuy A, Hill R, Taylor M, Hsieh TH, Wang HW, Cheng WC, Wong TT, Huang X, He Y, Dubuc A, Hashizume R, Zhang W, Stehbens S, Younger S, Barshow S, Zhu S, Wu X, Taylor M, Mueller S, Weiss W, James D, Shuman M, Jan YN, Jan L, Marigil M, Jauregi P, Idoate MA, Xipell E, Aldave G, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Tejada-Solis S, Diez-Valle R, Montero-Carcaboso A, Mora J, Alonso MM, Taylor K, Mackay A, Truffaux N, Morozova O, Butterfield Y, Phillipe C, Vinci M, de Torres C, Cruz O, Mora J, Hargrave D, Monje M, Puget S, Yip S, Jones C, Grill J, Kaul A, Chen YH, Dahiya S, Emnett R, Gianino S, Gutmann D, Miwa T, Oi S, Nonaka Y, Sasaki H, Yoshida K, Lopez E, de Leon AP, Sepulveda C, Zarate L, Diego-Perez J, Pong W, Ding L, McLellan M, Hussain I, Emnett R, Gianino S, Higer S, Leonard J, Guha A, Mardis E, Gutmann D, Sarkar C, Pathak P, Jha P, Purkait S, Sharma V, Sharma MC, Suri V, Faruq M, Mukherjee M, Sivasankaran B, Velayutham RP, Fraschilla IR, Morris KJ, MacDonald TJ, Read TA, Sturm D, Northcott P, Jones D, Korshunov A, Picard D, Lichter P, Huang A, Pfister S, Kool M, Yao TW, Zhang J, Anna B, Brummer T, Gupta N, Nicolaides T, Chan KM, Fang D, Gan H, Hashizume R, Yu C, Schroeder M, Gupta N, Mueller S, James D, Jenkins R, Sarkaria J, Zhang Z. PEDIATRICS LABORATORY RESEARCH. Neuro Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Noll A, Yvette Bröcker YV, Manfred Knoergen MK, Sylva Bartel-Friedrich SB, Kösling S. Funktionelle MRT des auditorischen Systems bei Kindern mit Verdacht auf AVWS. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Beck A, Thieme T, Görlitz T, Losen M, Noll A, Beck T. Die perkutane Nukleotomie – Klinische Wertigkeit von 1100 Therapien. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Beck A, Stengele O, Thieme T, Görlitz T, Noll A, Losen M, Beck V, Papacharalampous X. Komplikationen der Vertebroplastie und Kyphoplastie – eine experimentelle Studie mit klinischen Ergebnissen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Hufnagel-Schmude A, Schlegel V, Görlitz T, Thieme T, Noll A, Losen M, Beck AH. Schlaganfallsymptomatik im Kindesalter,MRT-Angiographie bereits bei „leisen“ Symptomen? Ein Fallbericht. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Görlitz T, Beck AH, Thieme T, Hufnagel-Schmude A, Noll A, Losen M. Der Gallensteinileus – Pitfalls und Lösungswege einer klassischen Diagnose in der Radiologie an Hand von Fallbeschreibungen an einem Klinikum mittlerer Größe. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-941154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Beck AH, Thieme T, Beck T, Görlitz T, Losen M, Hufnagel-Schmude A, Noll A, Papacharalampous X. Der Langzeiteffekt von 1100 perkutanen Nucleotomien als interventionell – radiologische Methode. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Beck AH, Thieme T, Görlitz T, Noll A, Hufnagel-Schmude A, Beck T, Papacharalampous X, Losen M. A.Femoralis – Stents. Ein Follow – up von 64 Patienten 2–8 Jahre nach perkutaner Implantation. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Beck AH, Thieme T, Görlitz T, Hufnagel A, Losen T, Noll A. 10 Jahre Erfahrungen mit der perkutanen Nucleotomie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-867564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Schiller F, Thieme T, Görlitz T, Hufnagel-Schmude A, Noll A, Losen M, Beck A. Radiologische Untersuchung und Betrachtung archäologischer Ausgrabungen und Funde. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-868278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Beck A, Thieme T, Papacharalampous X, Görlitz T, Hufnagel-Schmude A, Noll A, Losen M. Die Klinische Wertigkeit der percutanen Nucleotomie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-827923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Beck A, Thieme T, Görlitz T, Hufnagel-Schmude A, Noll A, Losen M, Papacharalampous X, Beller KD. Das Risiko der zerebralen CO2-Applikation. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-827634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Hornef MW, Noll A, Schirmbeck R, Reimann J, Autenrieth IB. DNA vaccination using coexpression of cytokine genes with a bacterial gene encoding a 60-kDa heat shock protein. Med Microbiol Immunol 2000; 189:97-104. [PMID: 11138643 DOI: 10.1007/s004300000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Coexpression of cytokine genes together with antigen-encoding genes in DNA vaccination vectors can increase humoral and cellular immune responses and may steer them in a Th1 or Th2 direction. In this study, the modulatory effect of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-gamma coexpressed with the 60-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60) of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 (Y-Hsp60) was studied. DNA vaccination with gamma-hsp60 evoked specific humoral and cellular immune responses as well as reduction of the splenic bacterial load upon challenge with Y. enterocolitica in a mouse infection model. Coexpression of IL-2 or IFN-gamma enhanced Y. enterocolitica-specific total IgG (P < 0.05) and IgG2a antibody responses. Coexpression of IFN-gamma also improved the proliferative T cell responses upon stimulation with Y-Hsp60. A reduction of the splenic bacterial load as compared with the plasmid encoding Y-Hsp60 only was found for the IFN-gamma coexpressing vector. Thus, coexpression of cytokine genes such as IFN-gamma in DNA vaccination vectors might improve immunity and help to overcome the side effects of standard adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Hornef
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, LMU Munich, Germany.
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33
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Konieczny MP, Suhr M, Noll A, Autenrieth IB, Alexander Schmidt M. Cell surface presentation of recombinant (poly-) peptides including functional T-cell epitopes by the AIDA autotransporter system. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000; 27:321-32. [PMID: 10727888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2000.tb01446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the efficient surface presentation and release of virulence factors especially pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria have developed several distinct secretion mechanisms. An increasing number of pathogens in various species employs a mechanism denoted the 'autotransporter' pathway. This pathway is characterised by an outer membrane translocator module representing the C-terminal domain of the transported protein itself. An intriguing potential application of such systems involves the transport and surface expression of recombinant proteins or peptides, like e.g. the presentation of antigens for the generation of live oral vectors as vaccine carriers. Here we report on the incorporation of heterologous (poly-) peptides in permissive sites of the translocator module of the adhesin-involved-in-diffuse-adherence (AIDA) autotransporter system. We demonstrate the presentation of the B subunit of the heat labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LTB) as well as of functional T-cell epitopes of Yersinia enterocolitica heat-shock protein 60 (Y-hsp60) on the surface of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Konieczny
- Institut für Infektiologie-Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Igwe EI, Rüssmann H, Roggenkamp A, Noll A, Autenrieth IB, Heesemann J. Rational live oral carrier vaccine design by mutating virulence-associated genes of Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect Immun 1999; 67:5500-7. [PMID: 10496939 PMCID: PMC96914 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.10.5500-5507.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O8 strains harboring mutations in virulence-associated genes coding for Yersinia adhesin A (YadA), Mn-cofactored superoxide dismutase (SodA), and high-molecular-weight protein 1 were analyzed for their ability to colonize and persist in tissues after orogastric immunization of C57BL/6 mice. We demonstrated that all three Yersinia mutant strains were markedly impaired in their ability to disseminate into the spleens and livers of immunized mice but were able to colonize the Peyer's patches for at least 12 days, resulting in the induction of significant antibody titers against Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) and in the priming of Yersinia antigen-specific CD4+ Th1 cells isolated from spleens. The high level of attenuation did not diminish the immunogenic properties of the mutant strains. In fact, mice immunized with a single oral dose of any of the mutant strains were protected against a lethal oral-challenge infection with wild-type Y. enterocolitica. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Yersinia-specific antibodies from sera of mice immunized with the mutant WAP-314 sodA revealed that this protection could be mediated by Yersinia-specific immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Igwe
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Naked plasmid DNA (pRc/Y-hsp60) with a cytomegalovirus promoter and a sequence encoding Yersinia enterocolitica 60-kDa heat shock protein (Y-HSP60) was used for vaccination. After intramuscular injection of pRc/Y-hsp60, Y-hsp60 mRNA could be detected by reverse transcription-PCR in muscle, liver and spleen. A single immunization with pRc/Y-hsp60 induced significant Y-HSP60-specific T cell responses after 1 week. IFN-gamma production by spleen cells upon stimulation with Y-HSP60 was strictly dependent on the presence of CD4+ T cells, indicating the generation of a Th1 response upon DNA immunization. DNA immunization in addition induced strong Y-HSP60-specific IgG2a, weak IgG1, but not IgA antibodies. Immunization of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with pRc/Y-hsp60 conferred protection against disseminated Y. enterocolitica infection in spleen, but not at the site of mucosal entry, the Peyer's patches. Furthermore, pRc/Y-hsp60 vaccination did not induce cross-protection against related pathogens. Vaccination of beta2-microglobulin- and H2-I-Abeta-deficient mice was not protective, suggesting that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required for protective immunity induced by DNA vaccination.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/genetics
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Division
- Chaperonin 60/genetics
- Chaperonin 60/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- RNA, Messenger
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Yersinia Infections/microbiology
- Yersinia Infections/prevention & control
- Yersinia enterocolitica/genetics
- Yersinia enterocolitica/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noll
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, LMU München, Germany
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Abstract
After invasion via M cells enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica subsequently establish an infection at three different sites: (i) Peyer's patches (PP), (ii) mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and after systemic dissemination in (iii) spleen, liver and lung. In order to characterize protective properties of intestinal T cells at the different sites of Y. enterocolitica infection, PP and MLN T cells were isolated from Y. enterocolitica-infected C57B1/6 mice and Yersinia-specific T cell lines were generated. These T cells exhibited the phenotype of CD4 Th1 cells. The adoptive transfer of Yersinia-specific Th1 cells from PP and MLN conferred protection against a lethal orogastric inoculum with Y. enterocolitica as revealed by survival post-infection. However, determination of bacterial counts in infected organs revealed that the transfer of PP T cells conferred protection in spleen but not in MLN and PP, whereas the transfer of T cells from MLN reduced bacterial counts in both spleen and MLN but not in PP. To elucidate the different protection pattern we wanted to track the transferred cells in vivo. For this purpose the cells were labelled with the stable green fluorescent cell linker PKH2-GL prior to the adoptive transfer. In vivo tracking of these cells revealed that the distribution pattern of transferred T cells in spleen, MLN and PP correlated closely with the protection pattern observed after Yersinia infection. Thus, most cells were recovered from the spleen, while only few cells were recovered from MLN and PP. In keeping with these results a rapid and significant increase in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in the spleen of mice after adoptive transfer of T cell lines was observed. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that intestinal CD4 Th1 cells from PP and MLN may be involved in the defence against Y. enterocolitica at different sites of the infection, and that PKH2-GL labelling is a suitable tool to characterize T cell functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Kempf
- Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie der Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Germany
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Bohn E, Schmitt E, Bielfeldt C, Noll A, Schulte R, Autenrieth IB. Ambiguous role of interleukin-12 in Yersinia enterocolitica infection in susceptible and resistant mouse strains. Infect Immun 1998; 66:2213-20. [PMID: 9573110 PMCID: PMC108184 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.5.2213-2220.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/1997] [Accepted: 02/25/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous interleukin-12 (IL-12) mediates protection against Yersinia enterocolitica in C57BL/6 mice by triggering gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in NK and CD4+ T cells. Administration of exogenous IL-12 confers protection against yersiniae in Yersinia-susceptible BALB/c mice but exacerbates yersiniosis in resistant C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, we wanted to dissect the different mechanisms exerted by IL-12 during Yersinia infections by using different models of Yersinia-resistant and -susceptible mice, including resistant C57BL/6 mice, susceptible BALB/c mice, intermediate-susceptible wild-type 129/Sv mice, 129/Sv IFN-gamma-receptor-deficient (IFN-gamma R-/-) mice and C57BL/6 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor p55 chain-deficient (TNFR p55-/-) mice. IFN-gamma R-/- mice turned out to be highly susceptible to infection by Y. enterocolitica compared with IFN-gamma R+/+ mice. Administration of IL-12 was protective in IFN-gamma R+/+ mice but not in IFN-gamma R-/- mice, suggesting that IFN-gamma R-induced mechanisms are essential for IL-12-induced resistance against yersiniae. BALB/c mice could be rendered Yersinia resistant by administration of anti-CD4 antibodies or by administration of IL-12. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice could be rendered more resistant by administration of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Furthermore, IL-12-triggered toxic effects in C57BL/6 mice were abrogated by coadministration of TGF-beta. While administration of IL-12 alone increased TNF-alpha levels, administration of TGF-beta or TGF-beta plus IL-12 decreased both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels in Yersinia-infected C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, IL-12 did not induce toxicity in Yersinia-infected TNFR p55-/- mice, suggesting that TNF-alpha accounts for IL-12-induced toxicity. Taken together, IL-12 may induce different effector mechanisms in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice resulting either in protection or exacerbation. These results are important for understanding the critical balance of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines in bacterial infections which is decisive for beneficial effects of cytokine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bohn
- Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Reinhard G, Noll A, Schlebusch H, Mallmann P, Ruecker AV. Shifts in the TH1/TH2 balance during human pregnancy correlate with apoptotic changes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 245:933-8. [PMID: 9588218 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An important prerequisite for a successful pregnancy is that the maternal immune system does not reject the fetus. Down-regulation of the T helper 1 (TH1) associated cellular immune response could therefore be essential. With flow cytometric techniques, we show on a single cell level that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood produce less TH1 cytokines (i.e. IFN-gamma and IL-2) and more TH2 cytokines (i.e. IL-4) during normal human pregnancy and shortly after delivery than during non-pregnancy. The TH1/TH2 cytokine ratio in T cells of women during pregnancy and after delivery was significantly decreased. In contrast the TH1/TH2 ratio was elevated to near normal in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions, indicating a marked shift towards TH1 immunity. Fas antigen (CD95) on T cells was significantly elevated during pregnancy and in the post-delivery phase whereas the intracellular expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 remained unchanged. Nevertheless Fas-mediated apoptosis in T cells was markedly reduced during normal human pregnancy. We hypothesize that TH1 cells undergo predominantly Fas-mediated apoptosis during pregnancy as has been shown in some TH2-prone diseases (e.g. SLE, HIV) where an elevated Fas expression on peripheral T cells is observed. This could explain the exacerbated occurrence of TH2-associated diseases in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reinhard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Germany.
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Abstract
Bodily sensations are relevant to problems such as hypochondriasis, but the issue of whether people are accurate in their perception remains unclear. The accuracy of perception of bodily sensations was analysed in 20 male and 20 female volunteers using two methods: a heart beat tracking procedure and the within-S correlational approach described by Steptoe and Vögele (1992, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 597-607). The correlational approach involved monitoring of heart rate, skin conductance level and total respiratory resistance during relaxation and task periods, and computing correlations between appropriate physiological parameters and ratings of heart rate, sweaty hands and difficulty with breathing. In general, subjective ratings of bodily sensations were tied more closely with feelings of distress than with objective physiological state. Error scores on the heart beat tracking procedure showed no association with hypochondriacal concerns or with vigilant and avoidant coping styles measured with the Mainz Coping Inventory. Individuals varied considerably in accuracy as assessed with the correlational approach. However, there was a significant negative association between hypochondriacal concerns and accuracy of perception of sweat gland activity. The results are discussed in relation to measures of somatic perception and the experience of bodily sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steptoe
- Department of Psychology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, U.K
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Noll A, Bücheler N, Bohn E, Autenrieth IB. Microbial heat shock proteins as vaccine. Behring Inst Mitt 1997:87-98. [PMID: 9382774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Noll
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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Noll A, Autenrieth IB. Yersinia-hsp60-reactive T cells are efficiently stimulated by peptides of 12 and 13 amino acid residues in a MHC class II (I-Ab)-restricted manner. Clin Exp Immunol 1996; 105:231-7. [PMID: 8706327 PMCID: PMC2200511 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (hsp) are immunodominant antigens in microbial infections. Previous work from this laboratory demonstrated that Yersinia-hsp60 (Y-hsp60)-reactive CD4+ alpha beta T cells play an important role for resolution of Y. enterocolitica infections in mice. In the present study we identified two epitopes of Y-hsp60 recognized by CD4+ Th1 cell clones. The epitopes comprise 12 (214-225) and 13 (74-86) amino acid (aa) residues of Y-hsp60, and are the first described for MHC class II (I-Ab) molecules. Both epitopes are also recognized by T cells isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes from mice orogastrically infected with yersiniae. Stimulation of T cells with peptides of 12 and 13 aa residues of Y-hsp60 caused highly efficient proliferation compared with longer peptides, full-length recombinant Y-hsp60, or heat-killed Yersinia (HKY). Incubation of antigen-presenting cells with chloroquine blocked both peptide and HKY-triggered T cell proliferation, whereas cytochalasin B only blocked HKY-induced proliferation and to a lesser extent peptide-induced proliferation. The identified epitopes reside in a region of Y-hsp60 that is conserved between Enterobacteriaceae but highly variable when compared with murine or human hsp60. Although both epitopes are identical to the related sequence of hsp60 (GroEL) of Escherichia coli, only weak T cell responses were observed upon stimulation with GroEL of E. coli, suggesting that other factors, e.g. flanking amino acid residues, might be important for antigen processing and T cell stimulation in a class II-restricted manner. Furthermore, these observations might be of significance for the rational design of subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noll
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie der Universität Würzburg, Germany
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Noll A. Immunity against Yersinia enterocolitica by vaccination with Yersinia HSP60 immunostimulating complexes or Yersinia HSP60 plus interleukin-12. Infect Immun 1996; 64:2955-61. [PMID: 8757820 PMCID: PMC174174 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.8.2955-2961.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial heat shock proteins (HSP) are dominant antigens for the host immune response. Because of the high sequence homology between mammalian and microbial HSP, their value as component of a subunit vaccine has been the subject of controversy. Previous work from this laboratory, however, demonstrated for the first time that the adoptive transfer of HSP60-reactive CD4+ alphabeta T-cell clones confers protection against bacterial infection in mice but does not induce autoimmunity. In the present study, we have therefore evaluated the potential role of Yersinia HSP60 (Y-HSP60) as a vaccine in the Yersinia enterocolitica mouse infection model. For this purpose, immunostimulating complexes (ISCOM) which included Y-HSP60 were constructed. Parenteral administration of this vaccine induced high Y-HSP60-specific serum antibody responses as well as T-cell responses. This reaction was parallelled by immunity against a lethal challenge with Y. enterocolitica. In contrast, mucosal application of Y-HSP60-ISCOM failed to induce systemic Y-HSP60-specific T-cell responses and thus failed to induce immunity against yersiniae. Likewise, vaccination with purified recombinant Y-HSP60 induced antibody responses but only weak T-cell responses. Therefore, this vaccination protocol was not protective. However, when interleukin-12 was used as an adjuvant, purified Y-HSP60 induced significant Y-HSP60-specific T-cell responses and thus induced protection against subsequent challenge with yersiniae. These studies suggest that (i) microbial HSP might be promising candidates for the design of subunit vaccines and (ii) interleukin-12 is an efficient alternative adjuvant to ISCOM particles for induction of protective CD4 Th1-cell-dependent immune responses against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noll
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie der Universität Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
To investigate the role of heat shock proteins (HSP) of Yersinia enterocolitica for the host immune response against this pathogen, we cloned and expressed a 60-kDa HSP of Y. enterocolitica serotype O8. A fragment of Y. enterocolitica O8 HSP60 encoded by amino acids 90 to 286 was sequenced and showed more than 90% homology with HSP60 of Y. enterocolitica O3 and GroEL of Escherichia coli and 59% homology with HSP65 of Mycobacterium bovis. The arthritogenic T-cell epitope of mycobacterial HSP65 (amino acid residues 180 to 188) was not found on Yersinia HSP60. To determine whether Yersinia HSP60 is an immunodominant antigen, the immune responses of Yersinia-infected C57BL/6 mice were analyzed. Yersinia-infected mice evolved a significant serum antibody and splenic T-cell response against Yersinia HSP60. CD4+ alpha beta T-cell clones which were generated from splenic T cells isolated from either Yersinia-infected or Yersinia HSP60-immunized mice, recognized both heat-killed Yersinia serotypes O3 and O8 as well as recombinant Yersinia HSP60 but not heat-killed Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Salmonella typhimurium, or recombinant HSP65 of Mycobacterium bovis. The adoptive transfer of HSP60-reactive T-cell clones mediated significant protection against a lethal infection with Y. enterocolitica O8. These results indicate that HSP60 of Y. enterocolitica is an immunodominant antigen which is recognized by both antibodies and CD4+ alpha beta T cells. Moreover, this is the first report providing direct evidence that microbial HSP may elicit a protective immune response which is not associated with autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noll
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie Universität Würzburg, Germany
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Noll A, Rusch G, Röcher H, Dreute J, Heinrich W. The Siegen automatic measuring system for nuclear track detectors: New developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/1359-0189(88)90145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Report on the occurrence of "acquired" A or B in stored blood samples. This bacterial alteration is of importance when an indirect experimental investigation with the absorption-elution technique is needed in advanced cases of hemolysis. One has to consider this disturbing factor in identification tests (alcoholic blood samples). In dried blood stains we did not notice this problem, but it has to be taken into account in genitals stains.
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Noll A. Socio-economic aspects of drug control and related United Nations action. Bull Narc 1978; 30:9-20. [PMID: 248290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Noll A. Drug abuse and penal provisions of the international drug control treaties. Bull Narc 1977; 29:41-57. [PMID: 246374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hausen J, Bandel G, Esch W, Nitsche R, Doehring H, Staudinger H, Heuer W, Schulz GV, Kolleck L, R�hrs W, Forrer M, Amigo A, Krahl M, Rossi LM, Peakes GL, Mooney M, Speitmann M, Noll A, Kuntze W, Vieweg R, Batsch H, Meissner A, Erk S, Keller A, Poltz H, Steger W. Kunststoffe. Anal Bioanal Chem 1941. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01324136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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