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Zhang MJ, Durvasula A, Chiang C, Koch EM, Strober BJ, Shi H, Barton AR, Kim SS, Weissbrod O, Loh PR, Gazal S, Sunyaev S, Price AL. Pervasive correlations between causal disease effects of proximal SNPs vary with functional annotations and implicate stabilizing selection. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3707248. [PMID: 38168385 PMCID: PMC10760228 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3707248/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The genetic architecture of human diseases and complex traits has been extensively studied, but little is known about the relationship of causal disease effect sizes between proximal SNPs, which have largely been assumed to be independent. We introduce a new method, LD SNP-pair effect correlation regression (LDSPEC), to estimate the correlation of causal disease effect sizes of derived alleles between proximal SNPs, depending on their allele frequencies, LD, and functional annotations; LDSPEC produced robust estimates in simulations across various genetic architectures. We applied LDSPEC to 70 diseases and complex traits from the UK Biobank (average N=306K), meta-analyzing results across diseases/traits. We detected significantly nonzero effect correlations for proximal SNP pairs (e.g., -0.37±0.09 for low-frequency positive-LD 0-100bp SNP pairs) that decayed with distance (e.g., -0.07±0.01 for low-frequency positive-LD 1-10kb), varied with allele frequency (e.g., -0.15±0.04 for common positive-LD 0-100bp), and varied with LD between SNPs (e.g., +0.12±0.05 for common negative-LD 0-100bp) (because we consider derived alleles, positive-LD and negative-LD SNP pairs may yield very different results). We further determined that SNP pairs with shared functions had stronger effect correlations that spanned longer genomic distances, e.g., -0.37±0.08 for low-frequency positive-LD same-gene promoter SNP pairs (average genomic distance of 47kb (due to alternative splicing)) and -0.32±0.04 for low-frequency positive-LD H3K27ac 0-1kb SNP pairs. Consequently, SNP-heritability estimates were substantially smaller than estimates of the sum of causal effect size variances across all SNPs (ratio of 0.87±0.02 across diseases/traits), particularly for certain functional annotations (e.g., 0.78±0.01 for common Super enhancer SNPs)-even though these quantities are widely assumed to be equal. We recapitulated our findings via forward simulations with an evolutionary model involving stabilizing selection, implicating the action of linkage masking, whereby haplotypes containing linked SNPs with opposite effects on disease have reduced effects on fitness and escape negative selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jinye Zhang
- Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arun Durvasula
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Colby Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Evan M. Koch
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Strober
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison R. Barton
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samuel S. Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omer Weissbrod
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven Gazal
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Shamil Sunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alkes L. Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Zhang MJ, Durvasula A, Chiang C, Koch EM, Strober BJ, Shi H, Barton AR, Kim SS, Weissbrod O, Loh PR, Gazal S, Sunyaev S, Price AL. Pervasive correlations between causal disease effects of proximal SNPs vary with functional annotations and implicate stabilizing selection. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.04.23299391. [PMID: 38106023 PMCID: PMC10723494 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.23299391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The genetic architecture of human diseases and complex traits has been extensively studied, but little is known about the relationship of causal disease effect sizes between proximal SNPs, which have largely been assumed to be independent. We introduce a new method, LD SNP-pair effect correlation regression (LDSPEC), to estimate the correlation of causal disease effect sizes of derived alleles between proximal SNPs, depending on their allele frequencies, LD, and functional annotations; LDSPEC produced robust estimates in simulations across various genetic architectures. We applied LDSPEC to 70 diseases and complex traits from the UK Biobank (average N=306K), meta-analyzing results across diseases/traits. We detected significantly nonzero effect correlations for proximal SNP pairs (e.g., -0.37±0.09 for low-frequency positive-LD 0-100bp SNP pairs) that decayed with distance (e.g., -0.07±0.01 for low-frequency positive-LD 1-10kb), varied with allele frequency (e.g., -0.15±0.04 for common positive-LD 0-100bp), and varied with LD between SNPs (e.g., +0.12±0.05 for common negative-LD 0-100bp) (because we consider derived alleles, positive-LD and negative-LD SNP pairs may yield very different results). We further determined that SNP pairs with shared functions had stronger effect correlations that spanned longer genomic distances, e.g., -0.37±0.08 for low-frequency positive-LD same-gene promoter SNP pairs (average genomic distance of 47kb (due to alternative splicing)) and -0.32±0.04 for low-frequency positive-LD H3K27ac 0-1kb SNP pairs. Consequently, SNP-heritability estimates were substantially smaller than estimates of the sum of causal effect size variances across all SNPs (ratio of 0.87±0.02 across diseases/traits), particularly for certain functional annotations (e.g., 0.78±0.01 for common Super enhancer SNPs)-even though these quantities are widely assumed to be equal. We recapitulated our findings via forward simulations with an evolutionary model involving stabilizing selection, implicating the action of linkage masking, whereby haplotypes containing linked SNPs with opposite effects on disease have reduced effects on fitness and escape negative selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jinye Zhang
- Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arun Durvasula
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Colby Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Evan M Koch
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Strober
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison R Barton
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samuel S Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omer Weissbrod
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven Gazal
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Shamil Sunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alkes L Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Kandalaft L, Fritah H, Graciotti M, Chiang C, Petremand R, Guillaume P, Schmidt J, Stevenson B, Gfeller D, Harari A. 182P Cancer vaccines based on whole-tumor-lysate or neoepitopes with validated HLA-binding outperform those with predicted HLA-binding affinity. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Mok A, Leow J, Chiang C, Hsieh P, Lam W, Tsang W, Chan H, Law M, Leung C, Li C, So H, Liu P, Au W, Fan Y, Lin T, Teoh J, Tsu J, Ng C, Wu H, Tan T, Chiong E, Huang C, Chiu PF. Role of PSA density in prediction of significant prostate cancer among Asian men with MRI-guided biopsies: A multicenter evaluation. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schneider LS, Bennett DA, Farlow MR, Peskind ER, Raskind MA, Sano M, Stern Y, Haneline S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, O'Neil J, Walter R, Maresca S, Culp M, Alexander R, Saunders AM, Burns DK, Chiang C. Adjudicating Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer's Disease as a Novel Endpoint Event in the TOMMORROW Prevention Clinical Trial. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:625-634. [PMID: 36281666 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2022.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an essential outcome in Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention trials and a compelling milestone for clinically meaningful change. Determining MCI, however, may be variable and subject to disagreement. Adjudication procedures may improve the reliability of these determinations. We report the performance of an adjudication committee for an AD prevention trial. METHODS The TOMMORROW prevention trial selected cognitively normal participants at increased genetic risk for AD and randomized them to low-dose pioglitazone or placebo treatment. When adjudication criteria were triggered, a participant's clinical information was randomly assigned to a three-member panel of a six-member independent adjudication committee. Determination of whether or not a participant reached MCI due to AD or AD dementia proceeded through up to three review stages - independent review, collaborative review, and full committee review - requiring a unanimous decision and ratification by the chair. RESULTS Of 3494 participants randomized, the committee adjudicated on 648 cases from 386 participants, resulting in 96 primary endpoint events. Most participants had cases that were adjudicated once (n = 235, 60.9%); the rest had cases that were adjudicated multiple times. Cases were evenly distributed among the eight possible three-member panels. Most adjudicated cases (485/648, 74.8%) were decided within the independent review (stage 1); 14.0% required broader collaborative review (stage 2), and 11.1% needed full committee discussion (stage 3). The primary endpoint event decision rate was 39/485 (8.0%) for stage 1, 29/91 (31.9%) for stage 2, and 28/72 (38.9%) for stage 3. Agreement between the primary event outcomes supported by investigators' clinical diagnoses and the decisions of the adjudication committee increased from 50% to approximately 93% (after around 100 cases) before settling at 80-90% for the remainder of the study. CONCLUSIONS The adjudication process was designed to provide independent, consistent determinations of the trial endpoints. These outcomes demonstrated the extent of uncertainty among trial investigators and agreement between adjudicators when the transition to MCI due to AD was prospectively assessed. These methods may inform clinical endpoint determination in future AD secondary prevention studies. Reliable, accurate assessment of clinical events is critical for prevention trials and may mean the difference between success and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Schneider
- Lon S. Schneider, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1540 Alcazar St, CHP216, Los Angeles CA, 90033, USA, Phone no: +1 323 442 7600,
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6
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Scott AJ, Chiang C, Hall IM. Structural variants are a major source of gene expression differences in humans and often affect multiple nearby genes. Genome Res 2021; 31:2249-2257. [PMID: 34544830 PMCID: PMC8647827 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275488.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural variants (SVs) are an important source of human genome diversity, but their functional effects are poorly understood. We mapped 61,668 SVs in 613 individuals from the GTEx project and measured their effects on gene expression. We estimate that common SVs are causal at 2.66% of eQTLs, a 10.5-fold enrichment relative to their abundance in the genome. Duplications and deletions were the most impactful variant types, whereas the contribution of mobile element insertions was small (0.12% of eQTLs, 1.9-fold enriched). Multitissue analysis of eQTLs revealed that gene-altering SVs show more constitutive effects than other variant types, with 62.09% of coding SV-eQTLs active in all tissues with eQTL activity compared with 23.08% of coding SNV- and indel-eQTLs. Noncoding SVs, SNVs and indels show broadly similar patterns. We also identified 539 rare SVs associated with nearby gene expression outliers. Of these, 62.34% are noncoding SVs that affect gene expression but have modest enrichment at regulatory elements, showing that rare noncoding SVs are a major source of gene expression differences but remain difficult to predict from current annotations. Both common and rare SVs often affect the expression of multiple genes: SV-eQTLs affect an average of 1.82 nearby genes, whereas SNV- and indel-eQTLs affect an average of 1.09 genes, and 21.34% of rare expression-altering SVs show effects on two to nine different genes. We also observe significant effects on rare gene expression changes extending 1 Mb from the SV. This provides a mechanism by which individual SVs may have strong or pleiotropic effects on phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Scott
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Colby Chiang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Ira M Hall
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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Shen C, Chiang C, Luo Y, Huang H, Chiu C. FP12.05 The Intrinsic Limitation and Clinical Impact of Mutant Allele-Specific Real-Time PCR-Based EGFR Mutation Assay in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Lorenzen B, Ciennik A, Hauck T, Chiang C, Schwartz A. 347 The Effect of Electronic Assignment of Patients to Physicians in the Emergency Department on Operational Metrics. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Logel M, Pammett R, Chiang C, O'Toole A, Gooderham M. The effectiveness of intralesional Candida antigen immunotherapy as a treatment for anogenital warts: a retrospective chart review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e142-e145. [PMID: 34553430 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Logel
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada.,McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R Pammett
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Chiang
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada.,University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - A O'Toole
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada.,Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M Gooderham
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada.,Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Chan S, Chiang C, Lee S, Choi H. P-2 First-line atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Chen L, Abel HJ, Das I, Larson DE, Ganel L, Kanchi KL, Regier AA, Young EP, Kang CJ, Scott AJ, Chiang C, Wang X, Lu S, Christ R, Service SK, Chiang CWK, Havulinna AS, Kuusisto J, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Palotie A, Ripatti S, Freimer NB, Locke AE, Stitziel NO, Hall IM. Association of structural variation with cardiometabolic traits in Finns. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:583-596. [PMID: 33798444 PMCID: PMC8059371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of genome structural variation (SV) to quantitative traits associated with cardiometabolic diseases remains largely unknown. Here, we present the results of a study examining genetic association between SVs and cardiometabolic traits in the Finnish population. We used sensitive methods to identify and genotype 129,166 high-confidence SVs from deep whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 4,848 individuals. We tested the 64,572 common and low-frequency SVs for association with 116 quantitative traits and tested candidate associations using exome sequencing and array genotype data from an additional 15,205 individuals. We discovered 31 genome-wide significant associations at 15 loci, including 2 loci at which SVs have strong phenotypic effects: (1) a deletion of the ALB promoter that is greatly enriched in the Finnish population and causes decreased serum albumin level in carriers (p = 1.47 × 10-54) and is also associated with increased levels of total cholesterol (p = 1.22 × 10-28) and 14 additional cholesterol-related traits, and (2) a multi-allelic copy number variant (CNV) at PDPR that is strongly associated with pyruvate (p = 4.81 × 10-21) and alanine (p = 6.14 × 10-12) levels and resides within a structurally complex genomic region that has accumulated many rearrangements over evolutionary time. We also confirmed six previously reported associations, including five led by stronger signals in single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and one linking recurrent HP gene deletion and cholesterol levels (p = 6.24 × 10-10), which was also found to be strongly associated with increased glycoprotein level (p = 3.53 × 10-35). Our study confirms that integrating SVs in trait-mapping studies will expand our knowledge of genetic factors underlying disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Haley J Abel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Indraniel Das
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - David E Larson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Liron Ganel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Krishna L Kanchi
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Allison A Regier
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Erica P Young
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chul Joo Kang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Alexandra J Scott
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Colby Chiang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xinxin Wang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shuangjia Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ryan Christ
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Susan K Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Charleston W K Chiang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Ira M Hall
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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12
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Chiang C, Chiang C, Lee G, Lee C. Performance of the ESC 0/1-hour algorithm for diagnosis of myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1-hour algorithm has been recommended for early rule-out and rule-in of non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. This algorithm has primarily been validated in Europe, America, and Australasia, with less knowledge of its performance outside of these settings.
Purpose
We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the performance of the ESC 0/1-hour algorithm across different contexts.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant studies published between 1 January 2008 and 31 May 2019. The primary outcome was index myocardial infarction and the secondary outcome was major adverse cardiac event or mortality. A bivariate random-effects meta-analysis was used to derive the pooled estimate of each outcome.
Results
A total of 11,014 patients from 10 cohorts were included in this meta-analysis. The algorithm based on hs-cTnT (Roche), hs-cTnI (Abbott), and hs-cTnI (Siemens) had pooled sensitivity of 98.4% [95% CI=95.1%-99.5%], 98.1% [95% CI=94.6%-99.3%], and 98.7% [95% CI=97.3%-99.3%], respectively. The algorithm based on hs-cTnT (Roche) and hs-cTnI (Siemens) had pooled specificity of 91.2% [95% CI=86.0%-94.6%] and 95.9% [95% CI=94.1%-97.2%], respectively. Among patients in the rule-out category, the pooled mortality rate at 30 days and at 1 year was 0.1% [95% CI=0.0%-0.4%] and 0.8% [95% CI=0.5%-1.2%], respectively. Among patients in the observation zone, the pooled mortality rate was 0.7% [95% CI=0.3%-1.2%] at 30-days but increased to 8.1% [95% CI=6.1%-10.4%] at 1-year, comparable to the mortality rate in the rule-in group.
Conclusion
Our results support the use of the 0/1-hour algorithm to triage patients with suspected non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. However, the algorithm may not be sufficiently safe if the 1% miss-rate for myocardial infarction is desired. Patients in the observation zone have a poor prognosis and management strategies for these patients are urgently needed.
Performance of the 0/1-hour algorithm
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Ministry of Science and Technology, R.O.C
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chiang
- National Taiwan University, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C.H Chiang
- Fu Jen Catholic University, Department of Medicine, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - G.H Lee
- National Taiwan University, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C.C Lee
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Chiang C, Chiang C, Lee G, Lee C. Performance of the ESC 0/3-hour algorithm for rapid triage of myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/3-hour algorithm is one of the most widely strategies used for rule-out or rule-in of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, a systematic evaluation of its performance has not been conducted. Furthermore, recent studies showed that the 0/3-hour algorithm is non-superior to the 0/1-hour algorithm.
Purpose
This study aims to summarize the safety and efficacy of the 0/3-hour algorithm and its comparative performance with the 0/1-hour algorithm.
Methods
We conducted literature search on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published between 1 January 2008 and 31 May 2019. A bivariate random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the primary and secondary outcomes, defined as index myocardial infarction and triage efficacy, major adverse cardiac event (MACE) or mortality at 30 days, respectively.
Results
A total of 10,832 patients from 9 studies with a pooled AMI prevalence of 16% were analyzed. The 0/3-hour algorithm ruled out 69% of the patients with a pooled sensitivity of 94.2% [95% CI: 87.6%–97.4%] and negative predictive value of 98.6% [95% CI: 97.0%–99.4%]; 17% of the patients were ruled in with a pooled specificity of 94.9% [95% CI: 88.6%–97.8%] and positive predictive value of 72.9% [95% CI: 54.6%–85.7%]. The 30-day mortality and 30-day MACE for patients that were ruled out were 0.0% [95% CI: 0.0%–0.0%] and 1.4% [95% CI: 0.9%–2.0%], respectively. In a pooled analysis of 3 cohorts, the 0/3-hour algorithm had a non-superior sensitivity compared with the 0/1-hour algorithm (94.4% [95% CI: 87.0%–97.7%] vs. 98.4% [95% CI: 95.4%–99.7%]). The 0/3-hour algorithm also had a similar rule-out efficacy compared with the 0/1-hour algorithm (52% [95% CI: 39%–65%] vs. 53% [95% CI: 42%–64%]).
Conclusion
The widely used 0/3-hour algorithm has sensitivity substantially below the consensus goal of 99% and may not be sufficiently safe for triage of myocardial infarction. Furthermore, the 0/3-hour algorithm is not superior to the 0/1-hour algorithm despite the additional triage time.
Performance of ESC 0/3-hour algorithm
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Taiwan National Ministry of Science and Technology Grants
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chiang
- Fu Jen Catholic University, Department of Medicine, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C.H Chiang
- National Taiwan University, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - G.H Lee
- National Taiwan University, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C.C Lee
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Abel HJ, Larson DE, Regier AA, Chiang C, Das I, Kanchi KL, Layer RM, Neale BM, Salerno WJ, Reeves C, Buyske S, Matise TC, Muzny DM, Zody MC, Lander ES, Dutcher SK, Stitziel NO, Hall IM. Mapping and characterization of structural variation in 17,795 human genomes. Nature 2020; 583:83-89. [PMID: 32460305 PMCID: PMC7547914 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A key goal of whole-genome sequencing for studies of human genetics is to interrogate all forms of variation, including single-nucleotide variants, small insertion or deletion (indel) variants and structural variants. However, tools and resources for the study of structural variants have lagged behind those for smaller variants. Here we used a scalable pipeline1 to map and characterize structural variants in 17,795 deeply sequenced human genomes. We publicly release site-frequency data to create the largest, to our knowledge, whole-genome-sequencing-based structural variant resource so far. On average, individuals carry 2.9 rare structural variants that alter coding regions; these variants affect the dosage or structure of 4.2 genes and account for 4.0-11.2% of rare high-impact coding alleles. Using a computational model, we estimate that structural variants account for 17.2% of rare alleles genome-wide, with predicted deleterious effects that are equivalent to loss-of-function coding alleles; approximately 90% of such structural variants are noncoding deletions (mean 19.1 per genome). We report 158,991 ultra-rare structural variants and show that 2% of individuals carry ultra-rare megabase-scale structural variants, nearly half of which are balanced or complex rearrangements. Finally, we infer the dosage sensitivity of genes and noncoding elements, and reveal trends that relate to element class and conservation. This work will help to guide the analysis and interpretation of structural variants in the era of whole-genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley J Abel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David E Larson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Allison A Regier
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Colby Chiang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Indraniel Das
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krishna L Kanchi
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan M Layer
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William J Salerno
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tara C Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan K Dutcher
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ira M Hall
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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15
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Chan S, Chiang C, Lee S, Wong I, Choi H. P-259 Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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16
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Samuel E, Chiang C, Jennens R, Faulkner D, Francis PA. Fulvestrant falsely elevates oestradiol levels in immunoassays in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2020; 126:104-105. [PMID: 31927211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Samuel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Chiang
- Department of Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - R Jennens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Faulkner
- Department of Biochemistry, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P A Francis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
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17
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Pfister K, Pipka JL, Chiang C, Liu Y, Clark RA, Keller R, Skoglund P, Guertin MJ, Hall IM, Stukenberg PT. Identification of Drivers of Aneuploidy in Breast Tumors. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2758-2769. [PMID: 29847804 PMCID: PMC5997284 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although aneuploidy is found in the majority of tumors, the degree of aneuploidy varies widely. It is unclear how cancer cells become aneuploid or how highly aneuploid tumors are different from those of more normal ploidy. We developed a simple computational method that measures the degree of aneuploidy or structural rearrangements of large chromosome regions of 522 human breast tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Highly aneuploid tumors overexpress activators of mitotic transcription and the genes encoding proteins that segregate chromosomes. Overexpression of three mitotic transcriptional regulators, E2F1, MYBL2, and FOXM1, is sufficient to increase the rate of lagging anaphase chromosomes in a non-transformed vertebrate tissue, demonstrating that this event can initiate aneuploidy. Highly aneuploid human breast tumors are also enriched in TP53 mutations. TP53 mutations co-associate with the overexpression of mitotic transcriptional activators, suggesting that these events work together to provide fitness to breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Pfister
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Justyna L Pipka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Colby Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yunxian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Royden A Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ray Keller
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Paul Skoglund
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael J Guertin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ira M Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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18
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Larson DE, Abel HJ, Chiang C, Badve A, Das I, Eldred JM, Layer RM, Hall IM. svtools: population-scale analysis of structural variation. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:4782-4787. [PMID: 31218349 PMCID: PMC6853660 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Large-scale human genetics studies are now employing whole genome sequencing with the goal of conducting comprehensive trait mapping analyses of all forms of genome variation. However, methods for structural variation (SV) analysis have lagged far behind those for smaller scale variants, and there is an urgent need to develop more efficient tools that scale to the size of human populations. Here, we present a fast and highly scalable software toolkit (svtools) and cloud-based pipeline for assembling high quality SV maps-including deletions, duplications, mobile element insertions, inversions and other rearrangements-in many thousands of human genomes. We show that this pipeline achieves similar variant detection performance to established per-sample methods (e.g. LUMPY), while providing fast and affordable joint analysis at the scale of ≥100 000 genomes. These tools will help enable the next generation of human genetics studies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION svtools is implemented in Python and freely available (MIT) from https://github.com/hall-lab/svtools. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Larson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haley J Abel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Colby Chiang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Abhijit Badve
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Indraniel Das
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - James M Eldred
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ryan M Layer
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ira M Hall
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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19
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Chiang C, Yeh Y, Chiu C. EP1.14-35 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Transformation After Acquired Resistance to Osimertinib. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Wong S, Chiang C, Yeung S, Lee S, Lee A, Wong C. The use of oral capecitabine with irinotecan and cetuximab (mCAPIRI-C) among colorectal cancer patients with unresectable liver-only metastases. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Galligan A, Xu W, Fourlanos S, Nankervis A, Chiang C, Mant AM, Parente P, Rischin D, Krishnamurthy B, Sandhu S, Colman PG. Diabetes associated with immune checkpoint inhibition: presentation and management challenges. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1283-1290. [PMID: 29908076 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, immune checkpoint blockade has become a standard therapy for a wide range of cancers. Adverse events including endocrinopathies result from the induction of autoimmunity. CASE REPORT We report a case series of nine individuals who presented with immunotherapy-induced type 1 diabetes between 2015-2017. DISCUSSION Onset of diabetes occurred within 12 weeks of commencing therapy. Anti- GAD antibodies were present in six people. Retrospective testing of islet antibodies in pre-treatment samples was possible in two people and this revealed anti-GAD seroconversion in the first and high anti-GAD titres pre and post-treatment in the second person. Six people had high risk HLA haplotypes. Clinical and genetic factors are described and compared with previously published cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galligan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - W Xu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
| | - S Fourlanos
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - A Nankervis
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - C Chiang
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
| | - A M Mant
- Cancer Services, Eastern Health, Monash University
| | - P Parente
- Cancer Services, Eastern Health, Monash University
| | - D Rischin
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne
| | | | - S Sandhu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne
| | - P G Colman
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
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22
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Lo Y, Li C, Chen H, Chiang C, Huang C, Chen H, Liu F. 620 Galectin-8 is upregulated in psoriasis and promotes IL-17A-induced keratinocyte proliferation by modulating mitosis. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Li X, Kim Y, Tsang EK, Davis JR, Damani FN, Chiang C, Hess GT, Zappala Z, Strober BJ, Scott AJ, Li A, Ganna A, Bassik MC, Merker JD, Hall IM, Battle A, Montgomery SB. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues. Nature 2018; 550:239-243. [PMID: 29022581 PMCID: PMC5877409 DOI: 10.1038/nature24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rare genetic variants are abundant in humans and are expected to contribute to individual disease risk. While genetic association studies have successfully identified common genetic variants associated with susceptibility, these studies are not practical for identifying rare variants. Efforts to distinguish pathogenic variants from benign rare variants have leveraged the genetic code to identify deleterious protein-coding alleles, but no analogous code exists for non-coding variants. Therefore, ascertaining which rare variants have phenotypic effects remains a major challenge. Rare non-coding variants have been associated with extreme gene expression in studies using single tissues, but their effects across tissues are unknown. Here we identify gene expression outliers, or individuals showing extreme expression levels for a particular gene, across 44 human tissues by using combined analyses of whole genomes and multi-tissue RNA-sequencing data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project v6p release. We find that 58% of underexpression and 28% of overexpression outliers have nearby conserved rare variants compared to 8% of non-outliers. Additionally, we developed RIVER (RNA-informed variant effect on regulation), a Bayesian statistical model that incorporates expression data to predict a regulatory effect for rare variants with higher accuracy than models using genomic annotations alone. Overall, we demonstrate that rare variants contribute to large gene expression changes across tissues and provide an integrative method for interpretation of rare variants in individual genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yungil Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily K Tsang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Biomedical Informatics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joe R Davis
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Farhan N Damani
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, Maryland, USA
| | - Colby Chiang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Gaelen T Hess
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zachary Zappala
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin J Strober
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Alexandra J Scott
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jason D Merker
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ira M Hall
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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24
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Liao B, Chiang C, Chen P, Shen Y, Chen W, Hung J, Rau K, Lai C, Chen C, Kuo Y, Tsai Y, Wu S, Lin C, Wei Y, Wu M, Tsao S, Tsao T, Ho C, Feng Y, Tsao C, Lin M, Chong I, Hsia T, Chu N, Chen Y, Yu C, Yang J. P2.07-027 Efficacy and Safety of Nivolumab Therapy for Advanced NSCLC in the Expanded Access Named Patient Program in Taiwan. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Huang H, Chiu C, Su W, Feng J, Chiang C, Lin C, Lin S, Cheng C. MA 03.07 The Predictive Value of Interferon-γ Release Assays (IGRA) for Chemotherapy Response in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Shiao T, Chiang C, Luo Y, Chao H, Huang H, Chiu C. P3.02-043 Clinical and Genetic Features in Lung Adenocarcinoma Without EGFR Mutation and ALK Rearrangement in Taiwan. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Shaw ND, Brand H, Kupchinsky ZA, Bengani H, Plummer L, Jones TI, Erdin S, Williamson KA, Rainger J, Stortchevoi A, Samocha K, Currall BB, Dunican DS, Collins RL, Willer JR, Lek A, Lek M, Nassan M, Pereira S, Kammin T, Lucente D, Silva A, Seabra CM, Chiang C, An Y, Ansari M, Rainger JK, Joss S, Smith JC, Lippincott MF, Singh SS, Patel N, Jing JW, Law JR, Ferraro N, Verloes A, Rauch A, Steindl K, Zweier M, Scheer I, Sato D, Okamoto N, Jacobsen C, Tryggestad J, Chernausek S, Schimmenti LA, Brasseur B, Cesaretti C, García-Ortiz JE, Buitrago TP, Silva OP, Hoffman JD, Mühlbauer W, Ruprecht KW, Loeys BL, Shino M, Kaindl AM, Cho CH, Morton CC, Meehan RR, van Heyningen V, Liao EC, Balasubramanian R, Hall JE, Seminara SB, Macarthur D, Moore SA, Yoshiura KI, Gusella JF, Marsh JA, Graham JM, Lin AE, Katsanis N, Jones PL, Crowley WF, Davis EE, FitzPatrick DR, Talkowski ME. Corrigendum: SMCHD1 mutations associated with a rare muscular dystrophy can also cause isolated arhinia and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome. Nat Genet 2017; 49:969. [PMID: 28546579 DOI: 10.1038/ng0617-969c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Chiang C, Scott AJ, Davis JR, Tsang EK, Li X, Kim Y, Hadzic T, Damani FN, Ganel L, Montgomery SB, Battle A, Conrad DF, Hall IM. The impact of structural variation on human gene expression. Nat Genet 2017; 49:692-699. [PMID: 28369037 PMCID: PMC5406250 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Structural variants (SVs) are an important source of human genetic diversity, but their contribution to traits, disease and gene regulation remains unclear. We mapped cis expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in 13 tissues via joint analysis of SVs, single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and short insertion/deletion (indel) variants from deep whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We estimated that SVs are causal at 3.5-6.8% of eQTLs-a substantially higher fraction than prior estimates-and that expression-altering SVs have larger effect sizes than do SNVs and indels. We identified 789 putative causal SVs predicted to directly alter gene expression: most (88.3%) were noncoding variants enriched at enhancers and other regulatory elements, and 52 were linked to genome-wide association study loci. We observed a notable abundance of rare high-impact SVs associated with aberrant expression of nearby genes. These results suggest that comprehensive WGS-based SV analyses will increase the power of common- and rare-variant association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby Chiang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Scott
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joe R. Davis
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily K. Tsang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yungil Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tarik Hadzic
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farhan N. Damani
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liron Ganel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Stephen B. Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald F. Conrad
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ira M. Hall
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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29
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Zhang Y, Yatsuya H, Li Y, Chiang C, Hirakawa Y, Kawazoe N, Tamakoshi K, Toyoshima H, Aoyama A. Long-term weight-change slope, weight fluctuation and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Japanese men and women: findings of Aichi Workers' Cohort Study. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e252. [PMID: 28319107 PMCID: PMC5380898 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association of long-term weight-change slopes, weight fluctuation and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in middle-aged Japanese men and women. METHODS A total of 4234 participants of Aichi Workers' Cohort Study who were aged 35-66 years and free of diabetes in 2002 were followed through 2014. Past body weights at the ages of 20, 25, 30, 40 years, and 5 years before baseline as well as measured body weight at baseline were regressed on the ages. Slope and root-mean-square-error of the regression line were obtained and used to represent the weight changes and the weight fluctuation, respectively. The associations of the weight-change slopes and the weight fluctuation with incident T2DM were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 12.2 years, 400 incident cases of T2DM were documented. After adjustment for baseline overweight and other lifestyle covariates, the weight-change slopes were significantly associated with higher incidence of T2DM (hazard ratio (HR): 1.80, 95% confident interval (CI): 1.17-2.77 for men; and HR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.07-7.23 for women), while the weight fluctuation was not (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00-1.18 for men and HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.84-1.25 for women). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the presence of overweight, the long-term weight-change slopes were significantly associated with the increased risk of T2DM; however, the weight fluctuation was not associated with the risk of T2DM in middle-aged Japanese men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Li
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - C Chiang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Hirakawa
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Kawazoe
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Tamakoshi
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Toyoshima
- Education and Clinical Research Training Centre, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Aoyama
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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30
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Maussion G, Cruceanu C, Rosenfeld JA, Bell SC, Jollant F, Szatkiewicz J, Collins RL, Hanscom C, Kolobova I, de Champfleur NM, Blumenthal I, Chiang C, Ota V, Hultman C, O'Dushlaine C, McCarroll S, Alda M, Jacquemont S, Ordulu Z, Marshall CR, Carter MT, Shaffer LG, Sklar P, Girirajan S, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Turecki G, Stavropoulos DJ, Sullivan PF, Scherer SW, Talkowski ME, Ernst C. Cover Image, Volume 173A, Number 2, February 2017. Am J Med Genet A 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Maussion
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Canada
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Canada
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montreal Canada
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Signature Genomic Laboratories; PerkinElmer, Inc.; Spokane Washington
| | - Scott C. Bell
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Canada
| | - Fabrice Jollant
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Canada
- Nîmes Academic Hospital (CHU); Nîmes France
| | - Jin Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Ryan L. Collins
- Center for Human Genetic Research; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Carrie Hanscom
- Center for Human Genetic Research; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Ilaria Kolobova
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Canada
| | | | - Ian Blumenthal
- Center for Human Genetic Research; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Colby Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville Virginia
- McDonnell Genome Institute; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Vanessa Ota
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Canada
| | - Christina Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Steve McCarroll
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge Massachusetts
- Department of Genetics; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry Halifax; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Department of Pediatrics; Sainte-Justine Hospital; University of Montreal; Montreal Canada
| | - Zehra Ordulu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Genetics and Genome Biology; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Canada
| | - Melissa T. Carter
- Regional Genetics Program; The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Ottawa Canada
| | - Lisa G. Shaffer
- Signature Genomic Laboratories; PerkinElmer, Inc.; Spokane Washington
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Genetics and Genome Sciences; Mount Sinai Hospital; New York New York
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park; Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia C. Morton
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge Massachusetts
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology and of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Manchester Academic Health Science Center; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - James F. Gusella
- Center for Human Genetic Research; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge Massachusetts
- Department of Genetics; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Canada
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montreal Canada
| | - Dimitri J. Stavropoulos
- Genome Diagnostics; Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Genetics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Genetics and Genome Biology; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics and McLaughlin Centre; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - Michael E. Talkowski
- Center for Human Genetic Research; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Carl Ernst
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Canada
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montreal Canada
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31
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Jacobsen JC, Erdin S, Chiang C, Hanscom C, Handley RR, Barker DD, Stortchevoi A, Blumenthal I, Reid SJ, Snell RG, MacDonald ME, Morton AJ, Ernst C, Gusella JF, Talkowski ME. Potential molecular consequences of transgene integration: The R6/2 mouse example. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41120. [PMID: 28120936 PMCID: PMC5264158 DOI: 10.1038/srep41120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of exogenous DNA into a host genome represents an important route to generate animal and cellular models for exploration into human disease and therapeutic development. In most models, little is known concerning structural integrity of the transgene, precise site of integration, or its impact on the host genome. We previously used whole-genome and targeted sequencing approaches to reconstruct transgene structure and integration sites in models of Huntington’s disease, revealing complex structural rearrangements that can result from transgenesis. Here, we demonstrate in the R6/2 mouse, a widely used Huntington’s disease model, that integration of a rearranged transgene with coincident deletion of 5,444 bp of host genome within the gene Gm12695 has striking molecular consequences. Gm12695, the function of which is unknown, is normally expressed at negligible levels in mouse brain, but transgene integration has resulted in cortical expression of a partial fragment (exons 8–11) 3’ to the transgene integration site in R6/2. This transcript shows significant expression among the extensive network of differentially expressed genes associated with this model, including synaptic transmission, cell signalling and transcription. These data illustrate the value of sequence-level resolution of transgene insertions and transcription analysis to inform phenotypic characterization of transgenic models utilized in therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie C Jacobsen
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of M.I.T and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, USA
| | - Colby Chiang
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Carrie Hanscom
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Renee R Handley
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Douglas D Barker
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Alex Stortchevoi
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ian Blumenthal
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Suzanne J Reid
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Russell G Snell
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Marcy E MacDonald
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of M.I.T and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - A Jennifer Morton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Ernst
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec ON H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - James F Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of M.I.T and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of M.I.T and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA.,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
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32
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Shaw ND, Brand H, Kupchinsky ZA, Bengani H, Plummer L, Jones TI, Erdin S, Williamson KA, Rainger J, Stortchevoi A, Samocha K, Currall BB, Dunican DS, Collins RL, Willer JR, Lek A, Lek M, Nassan M, Pereira S, Kammin T, Lucente D, Silva A, Seabra CM, Chiang C, An Y, Ansari M, Rainger JK, Joss S, Smith JC, Lippincott MF, Singh SS, Patel N, Jing JW, Law JR, Ferraro N, Verloes A, Rauch A, Steindl K, Zweier M, Scheer I, Sato D, Okamoto N, Jacobsen C, Tryggestad J, Chernausek S, Schimmenti LA, Brasseur B, Cesaretti C, García-Ortiz JE, Buitrago TP, Silva OP, Hoffman JD, Mühlbauer W, Ruprecht KW, Loeys BL, Shino M, Kaindl AM, Cho CH, Morton CC, Meehan RR, van Heyningen V, Liao EC, Balasubramanian R, Hall JE, Seminara SB, Macarthur D, Moore SA, Yoshiura KI, Gusella JF, Marsh JA, Graham JM, Lin AE, Katsanis N, Jones PL, Crowley WF, Davis EE, FitzPatrick DR, Talkowski ME. SMCHD1 mutations associated with a rare muscular dystrophy can also cause isolated arhinia and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome. Nat Genet 2017; 49:238-248. [PMID: 28067909 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arhinia, or absence of the nose, is a rare malformation of unknown etiology that is often accompanied by ocular and reproductive defects. Sequencing of 40 people with arhinia revealed that 84% of probands harbor a missense mutation localized to a constrained region of SMCHD1 encompassing the ATPase domain. SMCHD1 mutations cause facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 2 (FSHD2) via a trans-acting loss-of-function epigenetic mechanism. We discovered shared mutations and comparable DNA hypomethylation patterning between these distinct disorders. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated alteration of smchd1 in zebrafish yielded arhinia-relevant phenotypes. Transcriptome and protein analyses in arhinia probands and controls showed no differences in SMCHD1 mRNA or protein abundance but revealed regulatory changes in genes and pathways associated with craniofacial patterning. Mutations in SMCHD1 thus contribute to distinct phenotypic spectra, from craniofacial malformation and reproductive disorders to muscular dystrophy, which we speculate to be consistent with oligogenic mechanisms resulting in pleiotropic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie D Shaw
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary A Kupchinsky
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hemant Bengani
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lacey Plummer
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takako I Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen A Williamson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joe Rainger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexei Stortchevoi
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaitlin Samocha
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin B Currall
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donncha S Dunican
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ryan L Collins
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason R Willer
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angela Lek
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Malik Nassan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shahrin Pereira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tammy Kammin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane Lucente
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Silva
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catarina M Seabra
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,GABBA Program, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Colby Chiang
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu An
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Morad Ansari
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacqueline K Rainger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Genetics Service, South Glasgow University Hospitals, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill Clayton Smith
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Margaret F Lippincott
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvia S Singh
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nirav Patel
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny W Jing
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer R Law
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nalton Ferraro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alain Verloes
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ianina Scheer
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Christina Jacobsen
- Division of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeanie Tryggestad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Steven Chernausek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lisa A Schimmenti
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Benjamin Brasseur
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Claudia Cesaretti
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jose E García-Ortiz
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jodi D Hoffman
- Divisions of Genetics and Maternal Fetal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfgang Mühlbauer
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, ATOS Klinik, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus W Ruprecht
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bart L Loeys
- Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Masato Shino
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chie-Hee Cho
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronica van Heyningen
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eric C Liao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ravikumar Balasubramanian
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janet E Hall
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie B Seminara
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Macarthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven A Moore
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - James F Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph A Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John M Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter L Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William F Crowley
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center and NICHD Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Fertility and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Maussion G, Cruceanu C, Rosenfeld JA, Bell SC, Jollant F, Szatkiewicz J, Collins RL, Hanscom C, Kolobova I, de Champfleur NM, Blumenthal I, Chiang C, Ota V, Hultman C, O'Dushlaine C, McCarroll S, Alda M, Jacquemont S, Ordulu Z, Marshall CR, Carter MT, Shaffer LG, Sklar P, Girirajan S, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Turecki G, Stavropoulos DJ, Sullivan PF, Scherer SW, Talkowski ME, Ernst C. Implication of LRRC4C and DPP6 in neurodevelopmental disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:395-406. [PMID: 27759917 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We performed whole-genome sequencing on an individual from a family with variable psychiatric phenotypes that had a sensory processing disorder, apraxia, and autism. The proband harbored a maternally inherited balanced translocation (46,XY,t(11;14)(p12;p12)mat) that disrupted LRRC4C, a member of the highly specialized netrin G family of axon guidance molecules. The proband also inherited a paternally derived chromosomal inversion that disrupted DPP6, a potassium channel interacting protein. Copy Number (CN) analysis in 14,077 cases with neurodevelopmental disorders and 8,960 control subjects revealed that 60% of cases with exonic deletions in LRRC4C had a second clinically recognizable syndrome associated with variable clinical phenotypes, including 16p11.2, 1q44, and 2q33.1 CN syndromes, suggesting LRRC4C deletion variants may be modifiers of neurodevelopmental disorders. In vitro, functional assessments modeling patient deletions in LRRC4C suggest a negative regulatory role of these exons found in the untranslated region of LRRC4C, which has a single, terminal coding exon. These data suggest that the proband's autism may be due to the inheritance of disruptions in both DPP6 and LRRC4C, and may highlight the importance of the netrin G family and potassium channel interacting molecules in neurodevelopmental disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Maussion
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, PerkinElmer, Inc., Spokane, Washington
| | - Scott C Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fabrice Jollant
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Nîmes Academic Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
| | - Jin Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ryan L Collins
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Carrie Hanscom
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ilaria Kolobova
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Ian Blumenthal
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Colby Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vanessa Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christina Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Steve McCarroll
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry Halifax, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zehra Ordulu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian R Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melissa T Carter
- Regional Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lisa G Shaffer
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, PerkinElmer, Inc., Spokane, Washington
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Genetics and Genome Sciences, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology and of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James F Gusella
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics and McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carl Ernst
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Lin C, Tsai Y, Lin H, Chuang K, Chiang C. SU-G-IeP4-14: Prostate Brachytherapy Activity Measurement and Source Localization by Using a Dual Photon Emission Computed Tomography System: A Feasibility Study. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Wang C, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi K, Toyoshima H, Wada K, Li Y, Hilawe EH, Uemura M, Chiang C, Zhang Y, Aoyama A. Association of Parental History of Diabetes Mellitus with the Offspring's Incidence is Modified by Offspring's Body Weight, Findings from a Japanese Worksite-Based Cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Hilawe EH, Yatsuya H, Li Y, Uemura M, Wang C, Chiang C, Toyoshima H, Tamakoshi K, Zhang Y, Aoyama A. Adiponectin, but neither Leptin nor C-reactive protein, Mediates the Association between Smoking and Diabetes. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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37
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Uemura M, Yatsuya H, Li Y, Wang C, Hilawe EH, Chiang C, Toyoshima H, Tamakoshi K, Zhang Y, Aoyama A. Positive Association between Breakfast Skipping and Incidence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence from a Japanese Worksite-Based Cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Warren WC, Jasinska AJ, García-Pérez R, Svardal H, Tomlinson C, Rocchi M, Archidiacono N, Capozzi O, Minx P, Montague MJ, Kyung K, Hillier LW, Kremitzki M, Graves T, Chiang C, Hughes J, Tran N, Huang Y, Ramensky V, Choi OW, Jung YJ, Schmitt CA, Juretic N, Wasserscheid J, Turner TR, Wiseman RW, Tuscher JJ, Karl JA, Schmitz JE, Zahn R, O'Connor DH, Redmond E, Nisbett A, Jacquelin B, Müller-Trutwin MC, Brenchley JM, Dione M, Antonio M, Schroth GP, Kaplan JR, Jorgensen MJ, Thomas GWC, Hahn MW, Raney BJ, Aken B, Nag R, Schmitz J, Churakov G, Noll A, Stanyon R, Webb D, Thibaud-Nissen F, Nordborg M, Marques-Bonet T, Dewar K, Weinstock GM, Wilson RK, Freimer NB. The genome of the vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Genome Res 2015; 25:1921-33. [PMID: 26377836 PMCID: PMC4665013 DOI: 10.1101/gr.192922.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We describe a genome reference of the African green monkey or vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops). This member of the Old World monkey (OWM) superfamily is uniquely valuable for genetic investigations of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), for which it is the most abundant natural host species, and of a wide range of health-related phenotypes assessed in Caribbean vervets (C. a. sabaeus), whose numbers have expanded dramatically since Europeans introduced small numbers of their ancestors from West Africa during the colonial era. We use the reference to characterize the genomic relationship between vervets and other primates, the intra-generic phylogeny of vervet subspecies, and genome-wide structural variations of a pedigreed C. a. sabaeus population. Through comparative analyses with human and rhesus macaque, we characterize at high resolution the unique chromosomal fission events that differentiate the vervets and their close relatives from most other catarrhine primates, in whom karyotype is highly conserved. We also provide a summary of transposable elements and contrast these with the rhesus macaque and human. Analysis of sequenced genomes representing each of the main vervet subspecies supports previously hypothesized relationships between these populations, which range across most of sub-Saharan Africa, while uncovering high levels of genetic diversity within each. Sequence-based analyses of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms reveal extremely low diversity in Caribbean C. a. sabaeus vervets, compared to vervets from putatively ancestral West African regions. In the C. a. sabaeus research population, we discover the first structural variations that are, in some cases, predicted to have a deleterious effect; future studies will determine the phenotypic impact of these variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C Warren
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Anna J Jasinska
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Raquel García-Pérez
- ICREA at Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (UPF-CSIC) and Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico (CNAG), PRBB/PCB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hannes Svardal
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Mariano Rocchi
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Bari 70126, Italy
| | | | - Oronzo Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Patrick Minx
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Michael J Montague
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Kim Kyung
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - LaDeana W Hillier
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Milinn Kremitzki
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Tina Graves
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Colby Chiang
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | | | - Nam Tran
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Vasily Ramensky
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Oi-Wa Choi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yoon J Jung
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Christopher A Schmitt
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nikoleta Juretic
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | | - Trudy R Turner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53705, USA; Department of Genetics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Jennifer J Tuscher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Julie A Karl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Jörn E Schmitz
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Roland Zahn
- Crucell Holland B.V., 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Eugene Redmond
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Alex Nisbett
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Béatrice Jacquelin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Jason M Brenchley
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9821, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jay R Kaplan
- Center for Comparative Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157-1040, USA
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Center for Comparative Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157-1040, USA
| | - Gregg W C Thomas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Matthew W Hahn
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Brian J Raney
- University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - Bronwen Aken
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Rishi Nag
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Juergen Schmitz
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gennady Churakov
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roscoe Stanyon
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - David Webb
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | | | - Magnus Nordborg
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- ICREA at Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (UPF-CSIC) and Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico (CNAG), PRBB/PCB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ken Dewar
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06001, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Cheung AS, Baqar S, Sia R, Hoermann R, Iuliano-Burns S, Vu TDT, Chiang C, Hamilton EJ, Gianatti E, Seeman E, Zajac JD, Grossmann M. Testosterone levels increase in association with recovery from acute fracture in men. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:2027-33. [PMID: 24803329 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this longitudinal case-control study, acute fracture was associated with low serum testosterone, which was transient in 43% of men. While assessment of gonadal status is part of the assessment of bone fragility, measurement of testosterone in the early period after fracture may overestimate the prevalence of androgen deficiency. INTRODUCTION Measurement of circulating testosterone is recommended in the evaluation of bone fragility in men. Since acute illness can transiently decrease circulating testosterone, we quantified the association of acute fracture and serum testosterone levels. METHODS A case-control study was conducted involving 240 men with a radiologically confirmed minimal trauma fracture presenting to a tertiary referral hospital and 89 age-matched men without a history of minimal trauma fracture serving as controls. Follow-up testosterone levels 6 months after baseline were available for 98 cases and 27 controls. Results were expressed as the median and interquartile (IQR) range. RESULTS Compared to controls, cases had lower total testosterone [TT, 7.2 (3.5, 10.8) vs 13.6 (10.9, 17.1) nmol/L, p < 0.001]. The 143 cases treated as inpatients had lower testosterone levels than the 97 cases treated as outpatients [TT 4.7 (2.3, 8.1) vs 10.3 (7.5, 12.7) nmol/L, p < 0.001]. Group differences in calculated free testosterone (cFT) were comparable to the group differences in TT. At follow-up, in 98 cases, median TT increased from 6.5 nmol/L (3.2, 8.5) to 9.6 nmol/L (6.9, 12.0) p < 0.0001, and SHBG remained unchanged. Of cases with low testosterone, 43% with TT <10 nmol/L and/or cFT <230 pmol/L at presentation were reclassified as androgen sufficient at follow-up. TT was unchanged in the controls. CONCLUSIONS Low testosterone levels in men presenting with an acute fracture may, at least in part, be due to an acute, fracture-associated, stress response. To avoid over diagnosis, evaluation for testosterone deficiency should be deferred until recovery from the acute event.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Cheung
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
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Layer RM, Chiang C, Quinlan AR, Hall IM. LUMPY: a probabilistic framework for structural variant discovery. Genome Biol 2014; 15:R84. [PMID: 24970577 PMCID: PMC4197822 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-6-r84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 854] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive discovery of structural variation (SV) from whole genome sequencing data requires multiple detection signals including read-pair, split-read, read-depth and prior knowledge. Owing to technical challenges, extant SV discovery algorithms either use one signal in isolation, or at best use two sequentially. We present LUMPY, a novel SV discovery framework that naturally integrates multiple SV signals jointly across multiple samples. We show that LUMPY yields improved sensitivity, especially when SV signal is reduced owing to either low coverage data or low intra-sample variant allele frequency. We also report a set of 4,564 validated breakpoints from the NA12878 human genome. https://github.com/arq5x/lumpy-sv.
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Spaans F, Melgert BN, Chiang C, Borghuis T, Klok PA, de Vos P, van Goor H, Bakker WW, Faas MM. Extracellular ATP decreases trophoblast invasion, spiral artery remodeling and immune cells in the mesometrial triangle in pregnant rats. Placenta 2014; 35:587-95. [PMID: 24953164 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is characterized by deficient trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling, a process governed by inflammatory cells. High levels of the danger signal extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have been found in women with preeclampsia and infusion of ATP in pregnant rats induced preeclampsia-like symptoms such as albuminuria and placental ischemia. We hypothesized that ATP inhibits trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling and affects macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells present in the rat mesometrial triangle. METHODS Pregnant rats were infused with ATP or saline (control) on day 14 of pregnancy. Rats were sacrificed on day 15, 17 or 20 of pregnancy and placentas with mesometrial triangle were collected. Sections were stained for trophoblast cells, α-smooth muscle actin (spiral artery remodeling), NK cells and various macrophage populations. Expression of various cytokines in the mesometrial triangle was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS ATP infusion decreased interstitial trophoblast invasion on day 17 and spiral artery remodeling on day 17 and 20, increased activated tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive macrophages on day 15, decreased NK cells on day 17 and 20, and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive and CD206-positive macrophages and TNF-α and IL-33 expression at the end of pregnancy (day 20). DISCUSSION Interstitial trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in the rat mesometrial triangle were decreased by infusion of ATP. These ATP-induced modifications were preceded by an increase in activated TRAP-positive macrophages and coincided with NK cell numbers, suggesting that they are involved. CONCLUSION Trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling may be inhibited by ATP-induced activated macrophages and decreased NK cells in the mesometrial triangle in rat pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Spaans
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B N Melgert
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Chiang
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Borghuis
- Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P A Klok
- Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P de Vos
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H van Goor
- Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W W Bakker
- Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Lengyel E, Tiwari P, Chiang C, Zhang Y, Mitra A. Regulation of ovarian cancer metastatic colonization by MIR-193B. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jewell A, Mitra A, Chiang C, Yamada S, Lengyel E. Identifying the microrna expression signature associated with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hong J, Fu S, Chen F, Wang C, Chiang C. Temporal and Spatial Changes of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) in the Tumors and Peripheral Blood After High-Dose Tumor Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Currall BB, Chiang C, Talkowski ME, Morton CC. Erratum to: Mechanisms for Structural Variation in the Human Genome. Curr Genet Med Rep 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-013-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tanyi J, Kandalaft L, Chiang C, Mantia-Smaldone G, Zsiros E, Powell D, Coukos G. A phase-I trial of a novel autologous oxidized whole-tumor antigen vaccine therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chiang C. SP5-1 Challenges to the global control of tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(13)70133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bahl S, Chiang C, Beauchamp RL, Neale BM, Daly MJ, Gusella JF, Talkowski ME, Ramesh V. Lack of association of rare functional variants in TSC1/TSC2 genes with autism spectrum disorder. Mol Autism 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 23514105 PMCID: PMC3610211 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reported in 30 to 60% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) but shared genetic mechanisms that exist between TSC-associated ASD and idiopathic ASD have yet to be determined. Through the small G-protein Rheb, the TSC proteins, hamartin and tuberin, negatively regulate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. It is well established that mTORC1 plays a pivotal role in neuronal translation and connectivity, so dysregulation of mTORC1 signaling could be a common feature in many ASDs. Pam, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, binds to TSC proteins and regulates mTORC1 signaling in the CNS, and the FBXO45-Pam ubiquitin ligase complex plays an essential role in neurodevelopment by regulating synapse formation and growth. Since mounting evidence has established autism as a disorder of the synapses, we tested whether rare genetic variants in TSC1, TSC2, MYCBP2, RHEB and FBXO45, genes that regulate mTORC1 signaling and/or play a role in synapse development and function, contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic ASD. Methods Exons and splice junctions of TSC1, TSC2, MYCBP2, RHEB and FBXO45 were resequenced for 300 ASD trios from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) using a pooled PCR amplification and next-generation sequencing strategy, targeted to the discovery of deleterious coding variation. These detected, potentially functional, variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing of the individual samples comprising the pools in which they were identified. Results We identified a total of 23 missense variants in MYCBP2, TSC1 and TSC2. These variants exhibited a near equal distribution between the proband and parental pools, with no statistical excess in ASD cases (P > 0.05). All proband variants were inherited. No putative deleterious variants were confirmed in RHEB and FBXO45. Three intronic variants, identified as potential splice defects in MYCBP2 did not show aberrant splicing upon RNA assay. Overall, we did not find an over-representation of ASD causal variants in the genes studied to support them as contributors to autism susceptibility. Conclusions We did not observe an enrichment of rare functional variants in TSC1 and TSC2 genes in our sample set of 300 trios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bahl
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Abstract
It has been known for several decades that genetic variation involving changes to chromosomal structure (i.e., structural variants) can contribute to disease; however this relationship has been brought into acute focus in recent years largely based on innovative new genomics approaches and technology. Structural variants (SVs) arise from improperly repaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). DSBs are a frequent occurrence in all cells and two major pathways are involved in their repair: homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. Errors during these repair mechanisms can result in SVs that involve losses, gains and rearrangements ranging from a few nucleotides to entire chromosomal arms. Factors such as rearrangements, hotspots and induced DSBs are implicated in the formation of SVs. While de novo SVs are often associated with disease, some SVs are conserved within human subpopulations and may have had a meaningful influence on primate evolution. As the ability to sequence the whole human genome rapidly evolves, the diversity of SVs is illuminated, including very complex rearrangements involving multiple DSBs in a process recently designated as "chromothripsis". Elucidating mechanisms involved in the etiology of SVs informs disease pathogenesis as well as the dynamic function associated with the biology and evolution of human genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Currall
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, New Research Building, Room 160D, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen X, Shen Y, Zhang F, Chiang C, Pillalamarri V, Blumenthal I, Talkowski M, Wu BL, Gusella J. Molecular analysis of a deletion hotspot in the NRXN1 region reveals the involvement of short inverted repeats in deletion CNVs. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:375-86. [PMID: 23472757 PMCID: PMC3591860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NRXN1 microdeletions occur at a relatively high frequency and confer increased risk for neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral abnormalities. The mechanism that makes NRXN1 a deletion hotspot is unknown. Here, we identified deletions of the NRXN1 region in affected cohorts, confirming a strong association with the autism spectrum and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Interestingly, deletions in both affected and control individuals were clustered in the 5' portion of NRXN1 and its immediate upstream region. To explore the mechanism of deletion, we mapped and analyzed the breakpoints of 32 deletions. At the deletion breakpoints, frequent microhomology (68.8%, 2-19 bp) suggested predominant mechanisms of DNA replication error and/or microhomology-mediated end-joining. Long terminal repeat (LTR) elements, unique non-B-DNA structures, and MEME-defined sequence motifs were significantly enriched, but Alu and LINE sequences were not. Importantly, small-size inverted repeats (minus self chains, minus sequence motifs, and partial complementary sequences) were significantly overrepresented in the vicinity of NRXN1 region deletion breakpoints, suggesting that, although they are not interrupted by the deletion process, such inverted repeats can predispose a region to genomic instability by mediating single-strand DNA looping via the annealing of partially reverse complementary strands and the promoting of DNA replication fork stalling and DNA replication error. Our observations highlight the potential importance of inverted repeats of variable sizes in generating a rearrangement hotspot in which individual breakpoints are not recurrent. Mechanisms that involve short inverted repeats in initiating deletion may also apply to other deletion hotspots in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yiping Shen
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Colby Chiang
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vamsee Pillalamarri
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ian Blumenthal
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael Talkowski
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bai-Lin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Children’s Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - James F. Gusella
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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