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Mahmutović-Dizdarević I, Mesic A, Jerković-Mujkić A, Žujo B, Avdić M, Hukić M, Omeragić E, Osmanović A, Špirtović-Halilović S, Ahmetovski S, Mujkanović S, Pramenković E, Salihović M. Biological potential, chemical profiling, and molecular docking study of Morus alba L. extracts. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106114. [PMID: 38971331 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Morus alba L. is a plant with a long history of dietary and medicinal uses. We hypothesized that M. alba possesses a significant biological potential. In that sense, we aimed to generate the chemical, antimicrobial, toxicological, and molecular profile of M. alba leaf and fruit extracts. Our results showed that extracts were rich in vitamin C, phenols, and flavonoids, with quercetin and pterostilbene concentrated in the leaf, while fisetin, hesperidin, resveratrol, and luteolin were detected in fruit. Extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. The widest inhibition zones were in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 15.62 μg/ml in Enterococcus faecalis to 500 μg/ml in several bacteria. Minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 31.25 μg/ml to 1000 μg/ml. Extracts impacted the biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent and species-specific manner. A significant difference in the frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges between the methanolic extract of fruit (0.5 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml), as well as for the frequency of micronuclei between ethanolic extract of leaf (2 μg/ml) and the control group was observed. Molecular docking suggested that hesperidin possesses the highest binding affinity for multidrug efflux transporter AcrB and acyl-PBP2a from MRSA, as well as for the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. This study, by complementing previous research in this field, gives new insights that could be of great value in obtaining a more comprehensive picture of the Morus alba L. bioactive potential, chemical composition, antimicrobial and toxicological features, as well as molecular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutović-Dizdarević
- University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Aner Mesic
- University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anesa Jerković-Mujkić
- University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Belma Žujo
- University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Monia Avdić
- International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering, Natural and Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Francuske revolucije bb, 71210 Ilidža, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Center for Disease Control and Geohealth Studies, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirsada Hukić
- Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Center for Disease Control and Geohealth Studies, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Institute for Biomedical Diagnostics and Research Nalaz, Čekaluša 69, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Elma Omeragić
- University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Pharmacy, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amar Osmanović
- University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Pharmacy, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Selma Špirtović-Halilović
- University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Pharmacy, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sarah Ahmetovski
- University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Samra Mujkanović
- University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emina Pramenković
- International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering, Natural and Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Francuske revolucije bb, 71210 Ilidža, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirsada Salihović
- University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Pharmacy, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Fauzi A, Kifli N, Noor MHM, Hamzah H, Azlan A. Bioactivity, phytochemistry studies and subacute in vivo toxicity of ethanolic leaf extract of white mulberry (Morus alba linn.) in female mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117914. [PMID: 38360381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional uses of Morus alba L. leaf extracts (MLE) have been reported for treating hyperglycaemia and diabetes. Phytochemical compounds in the leaves demonstrated the ability to enhance insulin sensitivity and β-cell secretory function, suggesting their potential value in reducing blood glucose and treating diabetes. However, the phytochemical constituents and safety of the herbal medicines need to be verified in each experimental field from different growing areas. Studies on the phytochemistry and toxicity of Morus alba leaves in Southeast Asia, especially in Brunei, have never been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the bioactivity and phytochemistry of Morus alba ethanolic leaf extract from Brunei Darussalam and its subacute toxic effects in the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) female mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phenolic yield and antioxidant of the extract were analysed. Meanwhile, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography were utilised to determine the phenolic compound of the MLE. In the subacute toxicity study, twenty-five female mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, which received oral gavage of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide solvent (DMSO), and the MLE treatment group, which received the extract at a dose of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Physiology, haematology, biochemistry, and histology were evaluated during the study. RESULTS Morus alba leaf depicted total phenolic 10.93 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (DW), flavonoid 256.67 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g DW, and antioxidant bioactivity content of 602.03 IC50 μg/mL and 13.21 mg Fe2+/g DW. Twenty compounds in the Morus alba ethanolic leaf extract were identified, with chlorogenic acid (305.60 mg/100 g DW) as the primary compound. As for subacute toxicity in this study, neither mortality nor haematological changes were observed. On the other hand, administration of 500 and 1000 mg/kg MLE resulted in mild hepatocellular injury, as indicated by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in liver enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The histopathological score showed mild hepatocellular necrosis in administering 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of MLE. The parameters of renal injury were within normal limits, with the increase in eosinophilic cytoplasm observed in the histological scoring at 1000 mg/kg of MLE. CONCLUSIONS Morus alba leaf extract showed abundant polyphenols. In a study on subacute toxicity, MLE caused mild hepatotoxicity in mice. The toxic effect of the extract may be due to kaempferol and chlorogenic acid compounds. The 125 mg/kg MLE dose was safe with no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fauzi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65141, Indonesia.
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAP Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE, 1410, Brunei.
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Gryn-Rynko A, Hołyńska-Iwan I, Janiak MA, Olszewska-Słonina D, Amarowicz R, Graczyk R. The impact of Morus alba L. leaf extract on intestinal ion transport. An in vitro study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112939. [PMID: 35461088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L. (White mulberry), is an important and popular herbal plant of the Moraceae family. It has been widely used due to its therapeutic properties, which include antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, and hypolpidemic activity. The present study evaluates the effects of aqueous white mulberry leaf extract on the transepithelial ion pathway in the rabbit colon epithelium (n = 48), using electrophysiological methods. In addition, the antioxidant potential and the chemical composition of the extract were determined. A mechanical-chemical stimulation with white mulberry in RH fluid (MB-RH) caused a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in the transepithelial electrical potential difference, from - 0.130 to - 0.685 mV. Gentle washing of the intestine with white mulberry in bumetanide, used as inhibitor of transepithelial chloride pathways, resulted in 14.8% shorter reaction than during MB-RH stimulation. There were no statistically significant differences between the electric potential values measured during stimulation with amiloride solution, used as inhibitor of transepithelial sodium pathways, and white mulberry in amilorid solution (p = 0.485). A short-term application of extract to the colon epithelium is responsible for local and reversible inhibition of chloride ion channels. The extract enhances sodium ion absorption and consequently changes the electrical potential. The effect of white mulberry extract on sodium ion transport may be related to the mechanism of hypoglycaemic activity of mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gryn-Rynko
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
| | - Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Adam Janiak
- Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Radomir Graczyk
- Department of Biology and Animal Environment, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Poland
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Erden Y. Sour black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) causes cell death by decreasing mutant p53 expression in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wang Z, Tang C, Dai F, Xiao G, Luo G. HPLC determination of phenolic compounds in different solvent extracts of mulberry leaves and antioxidant capacity of extracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1904980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanwei Dai
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Z, Tang C, Xiao G, Dai F, Lin S, Li Z, Luo G. Comparison of free and bound phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of leaves from different mulberry varieties. BMC Chem 2021; 15:21. [PMID: 33781331 PMCID: PMC8008543 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are used in traditional Chinese medicine and contain numerous active substances that are known to be beneficial for human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of the leaves from 23 mulberry cultivars. Qualitative LC-ESI-QTOF analysis revealed the presence of 11 phenolic compounds in the free phenolic extracts and 10 phenolic compounds in the bound fractions. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were the major components in the free and bound fractions, respectively. The results revealed that the changguosang cultivar from Taiwan contained the greatest content of phenolic compounds as well as the highest antioxidant activity among the 23 cultivars examined, as determined using three separate antioxidant assays. The isoquercitrin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin contents of the free phenolic extracts displayed significant correlations with the antioxidant activities, while syringic acid and rutin were the main contributors to the antioxidant activities of the bound phenolic fractions. The obtained results demonstrate that mulberry leaves contain a variety of beneficial phenolic substances and may be suitable for further development as a herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Wang
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanwei Dai
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu J, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Zhou Y, Huang D, Xu L. Interrelation of cholesterol‐lowering, antioxidant activity and DNA damage protection to the different solvent extracts of mulberry (
Morus alba
L.). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Liangyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Food Science and Technology Programme Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China
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Maier C, Basu P, Thallapareddy C. In vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of dioecious Morus alba (Moraceae) extracts. Pharmacognosy Res 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_103_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Pharmacological Properties of Morus nigra L. (Black Mulberry) as A Promising Nutraceutical Resource. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020437. [PMID: 30791521 PMCID: PMC6412198 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry plants belonging to the Moraceae family have been grown for the purpose of being the nutrient source for silk worm and raw materials for the preparation of jams, marmalades, vinegars, juices, wines, and cosmetics. Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) is native to Southwestern Asia, and it has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for animals and humans. In this article, recent research progress on various biological and pharmacological properties of extracts, fractions, and isolated active constituents from different parts of M. nigra are reviewed. M. nigra exhibited a wide-spectrum of biological and pharmacological therapeutic effects including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-melanogenic, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. M. nigra also showed protective effects against various human organs and systems, mainly based on its antioxidant capacity. These findings strongly suggest that M. nigra can be used as a promising nutraceutical resource to control and prevent various chronic diseases.
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Demir S, Turan I, Aliyazicioglu Y, Kilinc K, Yaman SO, Ayazoglu Demir E, Arslan A, Mentese A, Deger O. Morus RubraExtract Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Telomerase. Nutr Cancer 2016; 69:74-83. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1247887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Biological activities and chemical composition of Morus leaves extracts obtained by maceration and supercritical fluid extraction. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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