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G Campoy J, Lema M, Fenollosa E, Munné-Bosch S, Retuerto R. Functional responses to climate change may increase invasive potential of Carpobrotus edulis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:1902-1916. [PMID: 34636413 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Biological invasions and climate change are major threats to biodiversity. It is therefore important to anticipate how the climate changes projected for Southern Europe would affect the ecophysiological performance of the invasive South African plant, Carpobrotus edulis (ice plant or sour fig), and its capacity to undergo rapid adaptive evolution. METHODS We manipulated the climate conditions in a field plot located on the island of Sálvora (northwest of the Iberian Peninsula) to establish a full factorial experiment with C. edulis plants transplanted from four native (southern African) and four invasive (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) populations. Throughout 14 months we measured growth and functional traits of this species under two temperatures (control vs. increased), and two rainfall levels (control vs. reduced). RESULTS Temperature increased photochemical efficiency and relative growth rate of C. edulis. Rainfall modulated some of the effects of temperature on C and N isotopic composition, and pigment contents. Invasive populations showed lower root mass allocation and higher survival rates, as well as increased water use efficiency, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll, and xanthophyll cycle pigment contents than native populations. CONCLUSIONS The increased growth and physiological performances observed under our experimental conditions suggest that the expected climate changes would further promote the invasion of C. edulis. Differences between native and invasive genotypes in survival and functional traits revealed that populations have diverged during the process of invasion, what gives support to the invasiveness hypothesis. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing intraspecific variability in functional responses to better predict how invasive species will respond to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina G Campoy
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, 15782, Spain
| | - Margarita Lema
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, 15782, Spain
| | - Erola Fenollosa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Retuerto
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, 15782, Spain
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Fenollosa E, Jené L, Munné-Bosch S. Geographic patterns of seed trait variation in an invasive species: how much can close populations differ? Oecologia 2021; 196:747-761. [PMID: 34216272 PMCID: PMC8292299 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seeds play a major role in plant species persistence and expansion, and therefore they are essential when modeling species dynamics. However, homogeneity in seed traits is generally assumed, underestimating intraspecific trait variability across the geographic space, which might bias species success models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence and consequences of interpopulation variability in seed traits of the invasive species Carpobrotus edulis at different geographical scales. We measured seed production, morphology, vigour and longevity of nine populations of C. edulis along the Catalan coast (NE Spain) from three differentiated zones with a human presence gradient. Geographic distances between populations were contrasted against individual and multivariate trait distances to explore trait variation along the territory, evaluating the role of bioclimatic variables and human density of the different zones. The analysis revealed high interpopulation variability that was not explained by geographic distance, as regardless of the little distance between some populations (< 0.5 km), significant differences were found in several seed traits. Seed production, germination, and persistence traits showed the strongest spatial variability up to 6000% of percent trait variability between populations, leading to differentiated C. edulis soil seed bank dynamics at small distances, which may demand differentiated strategies for a cost-effective species management. Seed trait variability was influenced by human density but also bioclimatic conditions, suggesting a potential impact of increased anthropogenic pressure and climate shifts. Geographic interpopulation trait variation should be included in ecological models and will be important for assessing species responses to environmental heterogeneity and change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erola Fenollosa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laia Jené
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Fenollosa E, Munné-Bosch S. Reproductive load modulates drought stress response but does not compromise recovery in an invasive plant during the Mediterranean summer. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:221-230. [PMID: 32771933 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite summer drought may challenge plant survival in Mediterranean-type ecosystems, the role of reproductive load on drought stress and recovery has been poorly studied in invasive plants, most particularly under natural field conditions. In this study, a highly plastic clonal invasive species, Carpobrotus edulis was used to explore a putative differential response to drought between reproductive (senescent) ramets and non-reproductive ramets. Furthermore, fruit removal was used to assess how alterations on the source-sink dynamics influence plant performance during drought stress and recovery. We examined the variations in chloroplast pigments, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and cytokinins in leaves of non-reproductive and reproductive ramets (either with intact or fruit-removed ramets) in response to summer drought stress and recovery after rains under Mediterranean field conditions. Results showed that although both ramet types within a C. edulis patch recovered at the end of the summer, increased photoprotective investment was found in leaves from reproductive ramets, thus indicating an increased photoprotective demand associated with reproduction at the ramet level. This response was associated with differentiated cytokinin contents in leaves of reproductive ramets compared to those of non-reproductive ramets. Although leaf senescence was not reversed by the fruit removal, leaves recovered their chlorophyll content after rainfall during late summer in parallel with the accumulation of cytokinins. In conclusion, C. edulis shows a huge plasticity in drought stress responses with a marked compartmentation at the ramet level, which helps at least in part to an efficient recovery from unpredictable water shortage periods in the current frame of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erola Fenollosa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Spain
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Fenollosa E, Jené L, Munné-Bosch S. A rapid and sensitive method to assess seed longevity through accelerated aging in an invasive plant species. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:64. [PMID: 32411273 PMCID: PMC7206761 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed longevity and vigor assessment is crucial for efficient ex situ biodiversity conservation in genebanks but may also have potential applications for the understanding of ecological processes and in situ biodiversity conservation. In fact, one of the factors determining the persistence of invasive species, a main threat to global biodiversity, is the generation of soil seed banks where seeds may remain viable for several years. Artificial seed aging tests using high temperatures and high relative humidity have been described for seed longevity estimation but have been mainly optimized for species with commercial interest. Thus, the aim of the study is to define a rapid and sensitive method to assess seed longevity and vigor through accelerated aging in the worldwide distributed invasive species Carpobrotus edulis to provide tools to biodiversity managers to evaluate invasive potential and develop effective post-eradication plans. RESULTS Slow seed deterioration rate was obtained when C. edulis seeds were subjected to common accelerated aging temperatures (43-45 °C). This contrasts with the rapid viability decay between 24-72 h when seeds were subjected to temperatures superior to 55 °C, a strong inflection point for this species' thermosensitivity. Relative humidity also played a role in defining seed survival curves, but only at high temperatures, speeding up the deterioration process. The selected aging conditions, 55 °C at 87% relative humidity were tested over two C. edulis populations and three measures were proposed to parametrize the differential sigmoidal seed survival curves, defining the seed resistance to deterioration (L5, aging time where 95% of seeds maintain their viability), medium longevity (L50, 50% of seeds lose their viability) and lethal aging time (L95, 95% of viability loss). CONCLUSIONS An accelerated aging test at 55 °C and 87% relative humidity constitutes a rapid and sensitive method that can be performed within a working week, allowing managers to easily test seed vigor and longevity. This test may contribute to assess invasive potential, design effective monitoring programs and soil seed bank eradication treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erola Fenollosa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Jené
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Souza-Alonso P, Lechuga-Lago Y, Guisande-Collazo A, Pereiro Rodríguez D, Rosón Porto G, González Rodríguez L. Drifting away. Seawater survival and stochastic transport of the invasive Carpobrotus edulis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135518. [PMID: 31806303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas are vulnerable and fluctuating habitats that include highly valuable spaces for habitat and species conservation and, at the same time, they are among the most invaded ecosystems worldwide. Occupying large areas within Mediterranean-climate coastlines, the "ecosystem engineer" Carpobrotus edulis appears as a menace for coastal biodiversity and ecosystem services. By combining the observation, current distribution, glasshouse experiment, and dispersion modeling, we aim to achieve a better understanding of the successful invasion process and potential dispersion patterns of C. edulis. We analyzed the response of plant propagules (seeds and plant fragments) to seawater immersion during increasing periods of time (up to 144 h). After 2 months of growth, plant fragments showed a total survival rate (100%) indicating high tolerance to salinity. During this time, fragment length was increased (up to 60%) and root length was higher than control in all cases. Also, immersed fragments consistently accumulated more biomass than control fragments. After two months of growth, photosynthetic parameters (Fv'/Fm', ΦNO, and ΦII) remained stable compared to control fragments. Physiologically, osmolyte and pigment content did not evidence significant changes regardless of immersion time. Based on the capacity of propagules to survive seawater immersion, we modeled the potential transport of C. edulis by combining an oceanic model (ROMS-AGRIF) with a particle-tracking model. Results indicated that propagules may travel variable distances maintaining physiological viability. Our model suggested that short-scale circulation would be the dominant process, however, long-scale circulation of propagules may be successfully accomplished in <6 days. Furthermore, under optimal conditions (southerly winds dominance), propagules may even travel large distances (250 km alongshore). Modeling transport processes, in combination with the dynamics of introduction and expansion, will contribute to a better understanding of the invasive mechanisms of C. edulis and, consequently, to design preventive strategies to reduce the impact of plant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Souza-Alonso
- Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Lechuga-Lago
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Alejandra Guisande-Collazo
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Diego Pereiro Rodríguez
- Physical Oceanography Group (GOFUVI), Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rosón Porto
- Physical Oceanography Group (GOFUVI), Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Luís González Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
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The eradication of Carpobrotus spp. in the sand-dune ecosystem at Sterpaia (Italy, Tuscany): indications from a successful experience. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chenot J, Affre L, Gros R, Dubois L, Malecki S, Passetti A, Aboucaya A, Buisson E. Eradication of invasive Carpobrotus
sp.: effects on soil and vegetation. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chenot
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Laurence Affre
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Raphael Gros
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Laura Dubois
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Sarah Malecki
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Aurélie Passetti
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Annie Aboucaya
- Parc National de Port Cros, Allée du Castel Ste-Claire, BP 70220; 83406 Hyères Cedex France
| | - Elise Buisson
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
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Rusterholz HP, Küng J, Baur B. Experimental evidence for a delayed response of the above-ground vegetation and the seed bank to the invasion of an annual exotic plant in deciduous forests. Basic Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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