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Shawky H, Tabll AA, Elshenawy RM, Helmy NM, Moustafa RI, Elesnawy YK, Abdelghany MM, El-Abd YS. Glycylglycine promotes the solubility and antigenic utility of recombinant HCV structural proteins in a point-of-care immunoassay for detection of active viremia. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:25. [PMID: 38238770 PMCID: PMC10795219 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although E. coli is generally a well-opted platform for the overproduction of recombinant antigens as heterologous proteins, the optimization of expression conditions to maximize the yield of functional proteins remains empirical. Herein, we developed an optimized E. coli (BL21)-based system for the overproduction of soluble immunoreactive HCV core/envelope proteins that were utilized to establish a novel immunoassay for discrimination of active HCV infection. METHODS The core/E1-E2 genes were amplified and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) in the absence/presence of glycylglycine. The antigenic performance of soluble proteins was assessed against 63 HCV-seronegative (Ab-) sera that included normal and interferent sera (HBV and/or chronic renal failure), and 383 HCV-seropositive (Ab+) samples that included viremic (chronic/relapsers) and recovered patients' sera. The color intensity (OD450) and S/Co values were estimated. RESULTS The integration of 0.1-0.4M glycylglycine in the growth media significantly enhanced the solubility/yield of recombinant core and envelope proteins by ~ 225 and 242 fold, respectively. This was reflected in their immunoreactivity and antigenic performance in the developed immunoassay, where the soluble core/E1/E2 antigen mixture showed 100% accuracy in identifying HCV viremic sera with a viral RNA load as low as 3800 IU/mL, without cross-reactivity against normal/interferent HCV-Ab-sera. The ideal S/Co threshold predicting active viremia (> 2.75) showed an AUC value of 0.9362 (95% CI: 0.9132 to 0.9593), with 87.64, 91.23% sensitivity and specificity, and 94.14, 82.11% positive and negative predictive values, respectively. The different panels of samples assayed with our EIA showed a good concordance with the viral loads and also significant correlations with the golden standards of HCV diagnosis in viremic patients. The performance of the EIA was not affected by the immunocompromised conditions or HBV co-infection. CONCLUSION The applicability of the proposed platform would extend beyond the reported approach, where glycylglycine, low inducer concentration and post-induction temperature, combined with the moderately-strong constitutive promoter enables the stable production of soluble/active proteins, even those with reported toxicity. Also, the newly developed immunoassay provides a cost-effective point-of-care diagnostic tool for active HCV viremia that could be useful in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Shawky
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Reem M Elshenawy
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Naiera M Helmy
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab I Moustafa
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa M Abdelghany
- National Committee for Control of Viral Hepatitis (NCCVH), Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine S El-Abd
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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Khanthaphixay B, Wu L, Yoon JY. Microparticle-Based Detection of Viruses. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:820. [PMID: 37622906 PMCID: PMC10452130 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of viral pathogens in both point-of-care and clinical settings is imperative to preventing the widespread propagation of disease-undetected viral outbreaks can pose dire health risks on a large scale. Thus, portable, accessible, and reliable biosensors are necessary for proactive measures. Polymeric microparticles have recently gained popularity for their size, surface area, and versatility, which make them ideal biosensing tools. This review cataloged recent investigations on polymeric microparticle-based detection platforms across eight virus families. These microparticles were used as labels for detection (often with fluorescent microparticles) and for capturing viruses for isolation or purification (often with magnetic microparticles). We also categorized all methods by the characteristics, materials, conjugated receptors, and size of microparticles. Current approaches were compared, addressing strengths and weaknesses in the context of virus detection. In-depth analyses were conducted for each virus family, categorizing whether the polymeric microparticles were used as labels, for capturing, or both. We also summarized the types of receptors conjugated to polymeric microparticles for each virus family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 75721, USA; (B.K.); (L.W.)
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Friedrich B, Vogel P, Rückert MA, Lyer S, Günther J, Wernery U, Joseph S, Müller J, Behr VC, Alexiou C, Tietze R. Detection of viral antibodies in camel sera using magnetic particle spectroscopy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3329-3339. [PMID: 37060465 PMCID: PMC10104765 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Pandemics like SARS-Cov-2 very frequently have their origin in different animals and in particular herds of camels could be a source of zoonotic diseases. This study took advantage on a highly sensitive and adaptable method for the fast and reliable detection of viral antibodies in camels using low-cost equipment. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have high variability in their functionalization with different peptides and proteins. We confirm that 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES)-coated MNP could be functionalized with viral proteins. The protein loading could be confirmed by simple loading controls using FACS-analysis (p < 0.05). Complementary combination of antigen and antibody yields in a significant signal increase could be proven by both FACS and COMPASS. However, COMPASS needs only a few seconds for the measurement. In COMPASS, the phase φn on selected critical point of the fifth higher harmonic (n = 5th). Here, positive sera display highly significant signal increase over the control or negative sera. Furthermore, a clear distinction could be made in antibody detection as an immune response to closely related viruses (SARS-CoV2 and MERS). Using modified MNPs along with COMPASS offers a fast and reliable method that is less cost intensive than current technologies and offers the possibility to be quickly adapted in case of new occurring viral infections. KEY POINTS: • COMPASS (critical offset magnetic particle spectroscopy) allows the fast detection of antibodies. • Magnetic nanoparticles can be adapted by exchange of the linked bait molecule. • Antibodies could be detected in camel sera without washing steps within seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Vogel
- Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Rückert
- Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Professorship for AI-Controlled Nanomaterials, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Günther
- Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wernery
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 597, Dubai, UAE
| | - Sunitha Joseph
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 597, Dubai, UAE
| | - Judith Müller
- Generatio - Center for Animal Genetics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker C Behr
- Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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de Figueiredo AM, Glória JC, Chaves YO, Neves WLL, Mariúba LAM. Diagnostic applications of microsphere-based flow cytometry: A review. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1852-1861. [PMID: 35974694 PMCID: PMC9679357 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsphere-based flow cytometry is a highly sensitive emerging technology for specific detection and clinical analysis of antigens, antibodies, and nucleic acids of interest. In this review, studies that focused on the application of flow cytometry as a viable alternative for the investigation of infectious diseases were analyzed. Many of the studies involve research aimed at epidemiological surveillance, vaccine candidates and early diagnosis, non-infectious diseases, specifically cancer, and emphasize the simultaneous detection of biomarkers for early diagnosis, with accurate results in a non-invasive approach. The possibility of carrying out multiplexed assays affords this technique high versatility and performance, which is evidenced in a series of clinical studies that have verified the ability to detect several molecules in low concentrations and with minimal sample volume. As such, we demonstrate that microsphere-based flow cytometry presents itself as a promising technique that can be adopted as a fundamental element in the development of new diagnostic methods for a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliane Corrêa Glória
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Yury Oliveira Chaves
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Manaus 69057-070, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em biologia parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ, Manaus 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Walter Luiz Lima Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-00, Brazil
| | - Luis André Morais Mariúba
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, Brazil,Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Manaus 69057-070, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-00, Brazil,Luis André Morais Mariúba.
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Abedini-Nassab R, Ding X, Xie H. A novel magnetophoretic-based device for magnetometry and separation of single magnetic particles and magnetized cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:738-746. [PMID: 35040849 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of magnetic micro- and nanoparticles in medicine and biology is expanding. One important example is the transport of magnetic microparticles and magnetized cells in lab-on-a-chip systems. The magnetic susceptibility of the particles is a key factor in determining their response to the externally applied magnetic field. Typically, to measure this parameter, their magnetophoretic mobility is studied. However, the particle tracking system for accurately determining the traveled distance in a certain time may be too complicated. Here, we introduce a lithographically fabricated chip composed of an array of thin magnetic micro-disks for evaluating the magnetic susceptibility of numerous individual magnetic particles simultaneously. The proposed novel magnetometer works based on the phase change in the trajectory of microparticles circulating around the disks in a rotating in-plane magnetic field. We explain that the easily detectable transition between the "phase-locked" and the "phase-slipping" regimes and the frequency at which it happens are appropriate parameters for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of the magnetic particles at the single-particle level. We show that this high-throughput (i.e., ∼ten thousand particles on a 1 cm2 area) single-particle magnetometry method has various crucial applications, including i) magnetic characterization of magnetic beads as well as magnetically labeled living cells, ii) determining the magnetization rate of the cells taking up magnetic nanoparticles with respect to time, iii) evaluating the rate of degradation of magnetic nanoparticles in cells over time, iv) detecting the number of target cells in a sample, and v) separating particles based on their size and magnetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Xianting Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, China
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