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Jang MH, Song J. Adenosine and adenosine receptors in metabolic imbalance-related neurological issues. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116996. [PMID: 38897158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes (e.g., obesity) are characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia. Recently, patients with metabolic syndromes have experienced not only metabolic problems but also neuropathological issues, including cognitive impairment. Several studies have reported blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and insulin resistance in the brain of patients with obesity and diabetes. Adenosine, a purine nucleoside, is known to regulate various cellular responses (e.g., the neuroinflammatory response) by binding with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Adenosine has four known receptors: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R. These receptors play distinct roles in various physiological and pathological processes in the brain, including endothelial cell homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, microglial activation, lipid metabolism, immune cell infiltration, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the recent findings on the role of adenosine receptor-mediated signaling in neuropathological issues related to metabolic imbalance. We highlight the importance of adenosine signaling in the development of therapeutic solutions for neuropathological issues in patients with metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Xu JP, Ouyang QW, Shao MJ, Ke H, Du H, Xu SC, Yang Q, Cui YR, Qu F. Manual acupuncture ameliorates inflammatory pain by upregulating adenosine A 3 receptor in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112095. [PMID: 38678668 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) exerts analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive effects. In this study, we determined the analgesic mechanism of manual acupuncture (MA) in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis and explored whether MA ameliorates inflammation in these rats by upregulating A3R. METHODS Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the following groups: Control, CFA, CFA + MA, CFA + sham MA, CFA + MA + DMSO, CFA + MA + IB-MECA, and CFA + MA + Reversine groups. The arthritis rat model was induced by injecting CFA into the left ankle joints. Thereafter, the rats were subjected to MA (ST36 acupoint) for 3 days. The clinical indicators paw withdrawal latency (PWL), paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), and open field test (OFT) were used to determine the analgesic effect of MA. In addition, to explore the effect of A3R on inflammation after subjecting arthritis rats to MA, IB-MECA (A3R agonist) and Reversine (A3R antagonist) were injected into ST36 before MA. RESULTS MA ameliorated the pathological symptoms of CFA-induced arthritis, including the pain indicators PWL and PWT, number of rearing, total ambulatory distance, and activity trajectory. Furthermore, after MA, the mRNA and protein expression of A3R was upregulated in CFA-induced arthritis rats. In contrast, the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, Rap1, and p-p65 were downregulated after MA. Interestingly, the A3R agonist and antagonist further downregulated and upregulated inflammatory cytokine expression, respectively, after MA. Furthermore, the A3R antagonist increased the degree of ankle swelling after MA. CONCLUSION MA can alleviate inflammatory pain by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway via upregulating A3R expression of the superficial fascia of the ST36 acupoint site in CFA-induced arthritis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Xu
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Qian-Wen Ouyang
- Nanchang People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 334000, China
| | - Mei-Juan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Hong Ke
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Shang-Cheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yan-Ru Cui
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
| | - Fei Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
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3
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Fisher C, Fallot LB, Wan TC, Keyes RF, Suresh RR, Rothwell AC, Gao ZG, McCorvy JD, Smith BC, Jacobson KA, Auchampach JA. Characterization of Dual-Acting A 3 Adenosine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators That Preferentially Enhance Adenosine-Induced Gα i3 and Gα oA Isoprotein Activation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:625-641. [PMID: 35983277 PMCID: PMC9380209 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, cancer, and chronic neuropathic pain, with agonists already in advanced clinical trials. Here we report an in-depth comparison of the pharmacological properties and structure-activity relationships of existing and expanded compound libraries of 2-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine and 4-amino-substituted quinoline derivatives that function as A3AR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). We also show that our lead compound from each series enhances adenosine-induced A3AR signaling preferentially toward activation of Gαi3 and GαoA isoproteins, which are coexpressed with the A3AR in immune cells and spinal cord neurons. Finally, utilizing an extracellular/intracellular chimeric A3AR approach composed of sequences from a responding (human) and a nonresponding (mouse) species, we provide evidence in support of the idea that the imidazoquinolin-4-amine class of PAMs variably interacts dually with the orthosteric ligand binding site as well as with a separate allosteric site located within the inner/intracellular regions of the receptor. This study has advanced both structural and pharmacological understanding of these two classes of A3AR PAMs, which includes leads for future pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney
L. Fisher
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Lucas B. Fallot
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Life Science, United
States Military Academy, 646 Swift Road, West Point, New York 10996, United
States
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Robert F. Keyes
- Department
of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - R. Rama Suresh
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Amy C. Rothwell
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - John D. McCorvy
- Department
of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Brian C. Smith
- Department
of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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4
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Leduc-Pessah H, Xu C, Fan CY, Dalgarno R, Kohro Y, Sparanese S, Burke NN, Jacobson KA, Altier C, Salvemini D, Trang T. Spinal A 3 adenosine receptor activation acutely restores morphine antinociception in opioid tolerant male rats. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:251-264. [PMID: 34075613 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are potent analgesics, but their pain-relieving effects diminish with repeated use. The reduction in analgesic potency is a hallmark of opioid analgesic tolerance, which hampers opioid pain therapy. In the central nervous system, opioid analgesia is critically modulated by adenosine, a purine nucleoside implicated in the beneficial and detrimental actions of opioid medications. Here, we focus on the A3 adenosine receptor (A3 AR) in opioid analgesic tolerance. Intrathecal administration of the A3 AR agonist MRS5698 with daily systemic morphine in male rats attenuated the reduction in morphine antinociception over 7 days. In rats with established morphine tolerance, intrathecal MRS5698 partially restored the antinociceptive effects of morphine. However, when MRS5698 was discontinued, these animals displayed a reduced antinociceptive response to morphine. Our results suggest that MRS5698 acutely and transiently potentiates morphine antinociception in tolerant rats. By contrast, in morphine-naïve rats MRS5698 treatment did not impact thermal nociceptive threshold or affect antinociceptive response to a single injection of morphine. Furthermore, we found that morphine-induced adenosine release in cerebrospinal fluid was blunted in tolerant animals, but total spinal A3 AR expression was not affected. Collectively, our findings indicate that spinal A3 AR activation acutely potentiates morphine antinociception in the opioid tolerant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Leduc-Pessah
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cynthia Xu
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Churmy Y Fan
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca Dalgarno
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yuta Kohro
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sydney Sparanese
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nikita N Burke
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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5
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Merighi S, Poloni TE, Terrazzan A, Moretti E, Gessi S, Ferrari D. Alzheimer and Purinergic Signaling: Just a Matter of Inflammation? Cells 2021; 10:cells10051267. [PMID: 34065393 PMCID: PMC8161210 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative pathology responsible for about 70% of all cases of dementia. Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that affects neurodegeneration by activating four membrane G protein-coupled receptor subtypes, namely P1 receptors. One of them, the A2A subtype, is particularly expressed in the brain at the striatal and hippocampal levels and appears as the most promising target to counteract neurological damage and adenosine-dependent neuroinflammation. Extracellular nucleotides (ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP, etc.) are also released from the cell or are synthesized extracellularly. They activate P2X and P2Y membrane receptors, eliciting a variety of physiological but also pathological responses. Among the latter, the chronic inflammation underlying AD is mainly caused by the P2X7 receptor subtype. In this review we offer an overview of the scientific evidence linking P1 and P2 mediated purinergic signaling to AD development. We will also discuss potential strategies to exploit this knowledge for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (A.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation & ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (A.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Eva Moretti
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (A.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (A.T.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Davide Ferrari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (D.F.)
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6
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Acute visceral pain relief mediated by A3AR agonists in rats: involvement of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels. Pain 2021; 161:2179-2190. [PMID: 32379223 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pharmacological tools for chronic visceral pain management are still limited and inadequate. A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) agonists are effective in different models of persistent pain. Recently, their activity has been related to the block of N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cav2.2) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of A3AR agonists in reducing postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity in both male and female rats. Colitis was induced by the intracolonic instillation of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS; 30 mg in 0.25 mL 50% EtOH). Visceral hypersensitivity was assessed by measuring the visceromotor response and the abdominal withdrawal reflex to colorectal distension. The effects of A3AR agonists (MRS5980 and Cl-IB-MECA) were evaluated over time after DNBS injection and compared to that of the selective Cav2.2 blocker PD173212, and the clinically used drug linaclotide. A3AR agonists significantly reduced DNBS-evoked visceral pain both in the postinflammatory (14 and 21 days after DNBS injection) and persistence (28 and 35 days after DNBS) phases. Efficacy was comparable to effects induced by linaclotide. PD173212 fully reduced abdominal hypersensitivity to control values, highlighting the role of Cav2.2. The effects of MRS5980 and Cl-IB-MECA were completely abolished by the selective A3AR antagonist MRS1523. Furthermore, patch-clamp recordings showed that A3AR agonists inhibited Cav2.2 in dorsal root ganglia neurons isolated from either control or DNBS-treated rats. The effect on Ca2+ current was PD173212-sensitive and prevented by MRS1523. A3AR agonists are effective in relieving visceral hypersensitivity induced by DNBS, suggesting a potential therapeutic role against abdominal pain.
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7
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Farr SA, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Campolo M, Niehoff ML, Doyle TM, Salvemini D. Adenosine A 3 receptor as a novel therapeutic target to reduce secondary events and improve neurocognitive functions following traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:339. [PMID: 33183330 PMCID: PMC7659122 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common pathological condition that presently lacks a specific pharmacological treatment. Adenosine levels rise following TBI, which is thought to be neuroprotective against secondary brain injury. Evidence from stroke and inflammatory disease models suggests that adenosine signaling through the G protein-coupled A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) can provide antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the role of A3AR in TBI has not been investigated. Methods Using the selective A3AR agonist, MRS5980, we evaluated the effects of A3AR activation on the pathological outcomes and cognitive function in CD1 male mouse models of TBI. Results When measured 24 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI, male mice treated with intraperitoneal injections of MRS5980 (1 mg/kg) had reduced secondary tissue injury and brain infarction than vehicle-treated mice with TBI. These effects were associated with attenuated neuroinflammation marked by reduced activation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NFκB) and MAPK (p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)) pathways and downstream NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation. MRS5980 also attenuated TBI-induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell influx. Moreover, when measured 4–5 weeks after closed head weight-drop TBI, male mice treated with MRS5980 (1 mg/kg) performed significantly better in novel object-placement retention tests (NOPRT) and T maze trials than untreated mice with TBI without altered locomotor activity or increased anxiety. Conclusion Our results provide support for the beneficial effects of small molecule A3AR agonists to mitigate secondary tissue injury and cognitive impairment following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Farr
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 915 N Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63106, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael L Niehoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Timothy M Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA. .,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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8
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Menéndez Méndez A, Smith J, Engel T. Neonatal Seizures and Purinergic Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217832. [PMID: 33105750 PMCID: PMC7660091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal seizures are one of the most common comorbidities of neonatal encephalopathy, with seizures aggravating acute injury and clinical outcomes. Current treatment can control early life seizures; however, a high level of pharmacoresistance remains among infants, with increasing evidence suggesting current anti-seizure medication potentiating brain damage. This emphasises the need to develop safer therapeutic strategies with a different mechanism of action. The purinergic system, characterised by the use of adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites as signalling molecules, consists of the membrane-bound P1 and P2 purinoreceptors and proteins to modulate extracellular purine nucleotides and nucleoside levels. Targeting this system is proving successful at treating many disorders and diseases of the central nervous system, including epilepsy. Mounting evidence demonstrates that drugs targeting the purinergic system provide both convulsive and anticonvulsive effects. With components of the purinergic signalling system being widely expressed during brain development, emerging evidence suggests that purinergic signalling contributes to neonatal seizures. In this review, we first provide an overview on neonatal seizure pathology and purinergic signalling during brain development. We then describe in detail recent evidence demonstrating a role for purinergic signalling during neonatal seizures and discuss possible purine-based avenues for seizure suppression in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Menéndez Méndez
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (A.M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Jonathon Smith
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (A.M.M.); (J.S.)
- FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (A.M.M.); (J.S.)
- FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-314-025-199
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9
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Fabbretti E. P2X3 receptors are transducers of sensory signals. Brain Res Bull 2019; 151:119-124. [PMID: 30660716 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral stimuli are transduced by specific receptors expressed by sensory neurons and are further processed in the dorsal horn of spinal cord before to be transmitted to the brain. While relative few receptor subtypes mediate the initial depolarisation of sensory neurons, an impressive number of molecules and ion channels integrate these inputs into coded signals. Soluble mediators and ambient conditions further shape these processes, potentially triggering peripheral and central sensitisation, or sensory downregulation. Extracellular ATP is a major signaling molecule that acts via purinergic receptors and is a powerful modulator of cell communication as well as a neurotransmitter at peripheral/central synapses. In particular, ATP-mediated signals are transduced by P2X3 receptors expressed mainly by peripheral sensory neurons. Recent evidence suggests that P2X3 receptor function not only induces neuron depolarisation and firing with consequent neurotransmitter release, but it also triggers intracellular molecular changes that amplify purinergic signaling with important consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Fabbretti
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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10
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A binding kinetics study of human adenosine A 3 receptor agonists. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:248-259. [PMID: 29305857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human adenosine A3 (hA3) receptor has been suggested as a viable drug target in inflammatory diseases and in cancer. So far, a number of selective hA3 receptor agonists (e.g. IB-MECA and 2-Cl-IB-MECA) inducing anti-inflammatory or anticancer effects are under clinical investigation. Drug-target binding kinetics is increasingly recognized as another pharmacological parameter, next to affinity, for compound triage in the early phases of drug discovery. However, such a kinetics-driven analysis has not yet been performed for the hA3 receptor. In this study, we first validated a competition association assay for adenosine A3 receptor agonists to determine the target interaction kinetics. Affinities and Kinetic Rate Index (KRI) values of 11 ribofurano and 10 methanocarba nucleosides were determined in radioligand binding assays. Afterwards, 15 analogues were further selected (KRI <0.70 or KRI >1.35) for full kinetics characterization. The structure-kinetics relationships (SKR) were derived and longer residence times were associated with methanocarba and enlarged adenine N6 and C2 substitutions. In addition, from a kon-koff-KD kinetic map we divided the agonists into three subgroups. A residence time "cliff" was observed, which might be relevant to (N)-methanocarba derivatives' rigid C2-arylalkynyl substitutions. Our findings provide substantial evidence that, next to affinity, additional knowledge of binding kinetics is useful for developing and selecting new hA3R agonists in the early phase of the drug discovery process.
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