1
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Drop M, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Bento O, Pietruś W, Satała G, Blicharz-Futera K, Canale V, Grychowska K, Bantreil X, Pękala E, Kurczab R, Bojarski AJ, Chaumont-Dubel S, Marin P, Lamaty F, Zajdel P. 5-HT 6 receptor neutral antagonists protect astrocytes: A lesson from 2-phenylpyrrole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116615. [PMID: 38936149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The serotonin type 6 receptor (5-HT6R) displays a strong constitutive activity, suggesting it participates largely in the physiological and pathological processes controlled by the receptor. The active states of 5-HT6R engage particular signal transduction pathways that lead to different biological responses. In this study, we present the development of 5-HT6R neutral antagonists at Gs signaling built upon the 2-phenylpyrrole scaffold. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we outline the relationship between the exposure of the basic center of the molecules and their ability to target the agonist-activated state of the receptor. Our study identifies compound 30 as a potent and selective neutral antagonist at 5-HT6R-operated Gs signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate the cytoprotective effects of 30 and structurally diverse 5-HT6R neutral antagonists at Gs signaling in C8-D1A cells and human astrocytes exposed to rotenone. This effect is not observed for 5-HT6R agonists or inverse agonists. In light of these findings, we propose compound 30 as a valuable molecular probe to study the biological effects associated with the agonist-activated state of 5-HT6R and provide insight into the glioprotective properties of 5-HT6R neutral antagonists at Gs signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Drop
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland; IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ophélie Bento
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France; Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Wojciech Pietruś
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Blicharz-Futera
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Vittorio Canale
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grychowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Xavier Bantreil
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Severine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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2
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Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Ahmad F, Karan A, Sharma R, Sharma NS, Sundar V, Jayaraj R, Mukherjee S, DeCoster MA. Evolving therapeutic interventions for the management and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102229. [PMID: 38364913 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients experience diverse symptoms, including memory loss, cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities, mood changes, and mental issues. The fundamental objective of this review is to discuss novel therapeutic approaches, with special emphasis on recently approved marketed formulations for the treatment of AD, especially Aducanumab, the first FDA approved moiety that surpasses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reduces amyloid plaques in the brain, thereby reducing associated cognitive decline. However, it is still in the phase IV trial and is to be completed by 2030. Other drugs such as lecanemab are also under clinical trial and has recently been approved by the FDA and is also discussed here. In this review, we also focus on active and passive immunotherapy for AD as well as several vaccines, such as amyloid-beta epitope-based vaccines, amyloid-beta DNA vaccines, and stem cell therapy for AD, which are in clinical trials. Furthermore, ongoing pre-clinical trials associated with AD and other novel strategies such as curcumin-loaded nanoparticles, Crispr/ cas9, precision medicine, as well as some emerging therapies like anti-sense therapy are also highlighted. Additionally, we discuss some off-labeled drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), anti-diabetic drugs, and lithium, which can manage symptoms of AD and different non-pharmacological approaches are also covered which can help to manage AD. In summary, we have tried to cover all the therapeutic interventions which are available for the treatment and management of AD under sections approved, clinical phase, pre-clinical phase or futuristic interventions, off-labelled drugs, and non-pharmacological interventions for AD, offering positive findings and well as challenges that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi, India
| | - Anik Karan
- Department of Mechanical and Bioengineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Rashi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana, Delhi, India
| | - Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Sundar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Richard Jayaraj
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mark A DeCoster
- Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA; Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Micromanufacturing, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
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4
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Mostafa T, Albeir M, Wober J, Abadi A, Salama I, Ahmed NS. Design, synthesis, and in-silico study of novel triarylethylene analogs with dual anti-estrogenic and serotonergic activity. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22127. [PMID: 37877739 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor is an important target in breast cancer. Serotonin receptors (5-HT2A and 5-HT2C , in particular) were investigated for a potential role in development and progression of breast cancer. Ligands that interact with estrogenic receptors influence the emotional state of females. Thus, designing selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) analogs with potential serotonergic activity is a plausible approach. The dual ligands can augment cytotoxic effect of SERMs, help in both physical and emotional menopausal symptom relief, enhance cognitive function and support bone health. Herein, we report triarylethylene analogs as potential candidates for treatment of breast cancer. Compound 2e showed (ERα relative β- galactosidase activity = 0.70), 5-HT2A (Ki = 0.97 µM), and 5-HT2C (Ki = 3.86 µM). It was more potent on both MCF-7 (GI50 = 0.27 µM) and on MDA-MB-231 (GI50 = 1.86 µM) compared to tamoxifen (TAM). Compound 4e showed 40 times higher antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 and 15 times on MDA-MBA compared to TAM. Compound 4e had higher average potency than TAM on all nine tested cell line panels. Our in-silico model revealed the binding interactions of compounds 2 and 2e in the three receptors; further structural modifications are suggested to optimize binding to the ERα, 5-HT2A , and 5-HT2C .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miriam Albeir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jannette Wober
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ashraf Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ismail Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nermin S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Bajaj S, Mahesh R. Converged avenues: depression and Alzheimer's disease- shared pathophysiology and novel therapeutics. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:225. [PMID: 38281208 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Depression, a highly prevalent disorder affecting over 280 million people worldwide, is comorbid with many neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Depression and AD share overlapping pathophysiology, and the search for accountable biological substrates made it an essential and intriguing field of research. The paper outlines the neurobiological pathways coinciding with depression and AD, including neurotrophin signalling, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), cellular apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and other aetiological factors. Understanding overlapping pathways is crucial in identifying common pathophysiological substrates that can be targeted for effective management of disease state. Antidepressants, particularly monoaminergic drugs (first-line therapy), are shown to have modest or no clinical benefits. Regardless of the ineffectiveness of conventional antidepressants, these drugs remain the mainstay for treating depressive symptoms in AD. To overcome the ineffectiveness of traditional pharmacological agents in treating comorbid conditions, a novel therapeutic class has been discussed in the paper. This includes neurotransmitter modulators, glutamatergic system modulators, mitochondrial modulators, antioxidant agents, HPA axis targeted therapy, inflammatory system targeted therapy, neurogenesis targeted therapy, repurposed anti-diabetic agents, and others. The primary clinical challenge is the development of therapeutic agents and the effective diagnosis of the comorbid condition for which no specific diagnosable scale is present. Hence, introducing Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the healthcare system is revolutionary. AI implemented with interdisciplinary strategies (neuroimaging, EEG, molecular biomarkers) bound to have accurate clinical interpretation of symptoms. Moreover, AI has the potential to forecast neurodegenerative and psychiatric illness much in advance before visible/observable clinical symptoms get precipitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanshu Bajaj
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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6
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Pyka P, Haberek W, Więcek M, Szymanska E, Ali W, Cios A, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Satała G, Podlewska S, Di Giacomo S, Di Sotto A, Garbo S, Karcz T, Lambona C, Marocco F, Latacz G, Sudoł-Tałaj S, Mordyl B, Głuch-Lutwin M, Siwek A, Czarnota-Łydka K, Gogola D, Olejarz-Maciej A, Wilczyńska-Zawal N, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Starek M, Dąbrowska M, Kucwaj-Brysz K, Fioravanti R, Nasim MJ, Hittinger M, Partyka A, Wesołowska A, Battistelli C, Zwergel C, Handzlik J. First-in-Class Selenium-Containing Potent Serotonin Receptor 5-HT 6 Agents with a Beneficial Neuroprotective Profile against Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1580-1610. [PMID: 38190615 PMCID: PMC10823479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complex and not-fully-understood etiology. Recently, the serotonin receptor 5-HT6 emerged as a promising target for AD treatment; thus, here a new series of 5-HT6R ligands with a 1,3,5-triazine core and selenoether linkers was explored. Among them, the 2-naphthyl derivatives exhibited strong 5-HT6R affinity and selectivity over 5-HT1AR (13-15), 5-HT7R (14 and 15), and 5-HT2AR (13). Compound 15 displayed high selectivity for 5-HT6R over other central nervous system receptors and exhibited low risk of cardio-, hepato-, and nephrotoxicity and no mutagenicity, indicating its "drug-like" potential. Compound 15 also demonstrated neuroprotection against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity as well as antioxidant and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity and regulated antioxidant and pro-inflammatory genes and NRF2 nuclear translocation. In rats, 15 showed satisfying pharmacokinetics, penetrated the blood-brain barrier, reversed MK-801-induced memory impairment, and exhibited anxiolytic-like properties. 15's neuroprotective and procognitive-like effects, stronger than those of the approved drug donepezil, may pave the way for the use of selenotriazines to inhibit both causes and symptoms in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Pyka
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Division
of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus B 2.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Doctoral
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, św. Łazarza 15, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wawrzyniec Haberek
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Division
of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus B 2.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Doctoral
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, św. Łazarza 15, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Więcek
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Szymanska
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wesam Ali
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Division
of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus B 2.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Cios
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jastrzębska-Więsek
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Italian
National Institute of Health (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Garbo
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Chiara Lambona
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marocco
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sudoł-Tałaj
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, św. Łazarza 15, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department
of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department
of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department
of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Czarnota-Łydka
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, św. Łazarza 15, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Gogola
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, św. Łazarza 15, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Wilczyńska-Zawal
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Honkisz-Orzechowska
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Starek
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Dąbrowska
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian
University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucwaj-Brysz
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Division
of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus B 2.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marius Hittinger
- Department
of Drug Discovery, Pharmbiotec gGmbH, Nußkopf 39, 66578 Schiffweiler, Germany
- Department
of Drug Delivery, Pharmbiotec gGmbH, Nußkopf 39, 66578 Schiffweiler, Germany
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Division
of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus B 2.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department
of Drug Discovery, Pharmbiotec gGmbH, Nußkopf 39, 66578 Schiffweiler, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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7
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Andrade VHBD, M Rodrigues EY, Dias NAF, Ferreira GFC, Carvalho DBD, das Neves AR, Coronel PMV, Yonekawa MKA, Parisotto EB, Santos EAD, Souza AS, Paredes-Gamero EJ, de Sousa KS, Souza LLD, Resstel LBM, Baroni ACM, Lagatta DC. Neuroprotective Profile of Triazole Grandisin Analogue against Amyloid-Beta Oligomer-Induced Cognitive Impairment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4298-4310. [PMID: 38048522 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by accumulation of amyloid-β oligomers (AβO) in the brain, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cognitive decline. Grandisin, a tetrahydrofuran neolignan, exhibits relevant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Interestingly, grandisin-based compounds were shown to prevent AβO-induced neuronal death in vitro. However, no study has assessed the effect of these compounds on the AD animal model. This study focuses on a triazole grandisin analogue (TGA) synthesized using simplification and bioisosteric drug design, which resulted in improved potency and solubility compared with the parent compound. This study aimed to investigate the possible in vivo effects of TGA against AβO-induced AD. Male C57/Bl6 mice underwent stereotaxic intracerebroventricular AβO (90 μM) or vehicle injections. 24 h after surgery, animals received intraperitoneal treatment with TGA (1 mg/kg) or vehicle, administered on a 14 day schedule. One day after treatment completion, a novel object recognition task (NORT) was performed. Memantine (10 mg/kg) was administered as a positive control. NORT retention sessions were performed on days 8 and 16 after AβO injection. Immediately after retention sessions, animals were euthanized for cortex and hippocampus collection. Specimens were subjected to oxidative stress and cytokine analyses. TGA reduced the level of cortex/hippocampus lipoperoxidation and prevented cognitive impairment in AβO-injected mice. Additionally, TGA reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in the hippocampus. By contrast, memantine failed to prevent cortex/hippocampus lipid peroxidation, recognition memory decline, and AβO-induced increases in TNF and IFN-γ levels in the hippocampus. Thus, memantine was unable to avoid the AβO-induced persistent cognitive impairment. The results showed that TGA may prevent memory impairment by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in AβO-injected mice. Moreover, TGA exhibited a persistent neuroprotective effect compared to memantine, reflecting an innovative profile of this promising agent against neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H B de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Erick Y M Rodrigues
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Nayara A F Dias
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F C Ferreira
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Diego B de Carvalho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Amarith R das Neves
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Paola M V Coronel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Murilo K A Yonekawa
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (INBIO-UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Parisotto
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Edson A Dos Santos
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (INBIO-UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Albert S Souza
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (INBIO-UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Kamylla S de Sousa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Letícia L de Souza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B M Resstel
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano C M Baroni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Davi C Lagatta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79051-470, Brazil
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8
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Gałęzowski M, Fabritius CH, Pesonen U, Salo H, Olszak-Płachta M, Czerwińska K, Adamczyk J, Król M, Prusis P, Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mikulski M, Kuokkanen K, Obuchowicz R, Korjamo T, Jalava N, Nikiforuk A, Nowak M. 5-HT 6 receptor antagonists. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of substituted 2-(1-methyl-4-piperazinyl)pyridines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129497. [PMID: 37806499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the discovery and pharmacological characterization of a new series of 6-piperazinyl-7-azaindoles. These compounds demonstrate potent antagonism and selectivity against the 5-HT6 receptor. Our research primarily focuses on optimizing the lead structure and investigating the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds. Our main objective is to improve their activity and selectivity against off-target receptors. Overall, our findings contribute to the advancement of novel compounds targeting the 5-HT6 receptor. Compound 29 exhibits significant promise in terms of pharmacological, physicochemical, and ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) properties. Consequently, it merits thorough exploration as a potential drug candidate due to its favorable activity profile and successful outcomes in a range of in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ullamari Pesonen
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | - Harri Salo
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Justyna Adamczyk
- Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., Sternbacha Street 2, 30-394 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Król
- Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., Sternbacha Street 2, 30-394 Kraków, Poland
| | - Peteris Prusis
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Maciej Mikulski
- Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., Sternbacha Street 2, 30-394 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katja Kuokkanen
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Timo Korjamo
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | - Niina Jalava
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | - Agnieszka Nikiforuk
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Nowak
- Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., Sternbacha Street 2, 30-394 Kraków, Poland
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9
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Sharma HS, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Nozari A, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Stress induced exacerbation of Alzheimer's disease brain pathology is thwarted by co-administration of nanowired cerebrolysin and monoclonal amyloid beta peptide antibodies with serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB-399885. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 171:3-46. [PMID: 37783559 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the devastating neurodegenerative diseases affecting mankind worldwide with advancing age mainly above 65 years and above causing great misery of life. About more than 7 millions are affected with Alzheimer's disease in America in 2023 resulting in huge burden on health care system and care givers and support for the family. However, no suitable therapeutic measures are available at the moment to enhance quality of life to these patients. Development of Alzheimer's disease may reflect the stress burden of whole life inculcating the disease processes of these neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system. Thus, new strategies using nanodelivery of suitable drug therapy including antibodies are needed in exploring neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease brain pathology. In this chapter role of stress in exacerbating Alzheimer's disease brain pathology is explored and treatment strategies are examined using nanotechnology based on our own investigation. Our observations clearly show that restraint stress significantly exacerbate Alzheimer's disease brain pathology and nanodelivery of a multimodal drug cerebrolysin together with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to amyloid beta peptide (AβP) together with a serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB399885 significantly thwarted Alzheimer's disease brain pathology exacerbated by restraint stress, not reported earlier. The possible mechanisms and future clinical significance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Mircea Eliade Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Dept. Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University, Albany str, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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10
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Fernandez HH, Weintraub D, Macklin E, Litvan I, Schwarzschild MA, Eberling J, Videnovic A, Kenney CJ. Safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of SYN120, a dual 5-HT6/5-HT2A antagonist, for the treatment of Parkinson disease dementia: A randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 114:105511. [PMID: 37532622 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SYN120 is a dual serotonin receptor (5-HT6/5-HT2A) antagonist hypothesized to improve cognition and psychiatric symptoms. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of SYN120 in patients with Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). METHODS In a multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, 16-week phase 2a proof-of-concept trial in PDD with concomitant cholinesterase inhibitor use, eligible patients were randomized to oral SYN120 (100 mg/day) or placebo. Adverse events (AEs), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, and discontinuations assessed safety and tolerability. The primary and key secondary efficacy measures were the Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) computerized assessment system Continuity of Attention and Quality of Episodic Memory scores. Other efficacy measures were: Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinician's Global Impression of Change (ADCS-CGIC), Brief Penn Parkinson's Daily Activity Questionnaire-15 (PDAQ-15), Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Sleep Scale (SCOPA-Sleep), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS Eighty-two patients were randomized to SYN120 (N = 38) or placebo (N = 44), AEs occurred in 74% and 77% of patients, and treatment discontinuation in both groups was 16%. Nausea and vomiting were more frequent, and motor symptoms (UPDRS) worsened in the SYN120 group. At week 16, the SYN120 and placebo groups did not differ significantly for any cognitive assessment. Cognitive activities of daily living (PDAQ-15) and the NPI-Apathy/Indifference scores improved nominally in the SYN120 group compared with placebo (unadjusted p = 0.029 and 0.028). CONCLUSIONS SYN120 was adequately tolerated, mild worsening of motor symptoms was noted and it did not improve cognition in PDD patients. Its potential benefits for cognitive activities of daily living and apathy warrant further study. REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02258152.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, USA
| | - Eric Macklin
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurology, USA
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11
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Belinskaia DA, Voronina PA, Krivorotov DV, Jenkins RO, Goncharov NV. Anticholinesterase and Serotoninergic Evaluation of Benzimidazole-Carboxamides as Potential Multifunctional Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2159. [PMID: 37631373 PMCID: PMC10459044 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease are multifactorial, so one of the treatment strategies is the development of the drugs that affect several targets associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. Within this roadmap, we investigated the interaction of several substituted 1,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-2-ones with their potential molecular targets: cholinesterases (ChE) and three types of the Gs-protein-coupled serotonin receptors (5-HTR) 5-HT6, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 (5-HT4R, 5-HT6R and 5-HT7R, respectively). A microplate modification of the Ellman method was used for the biochemical analysis of the inhibitory ability of the drugs towards ChE. Molecular modeling methods, such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in water and the lipid bilayer, were used to study the interaction of the compounds with ChE and 5-HTR. In vitro experiments showed that the tested compounds had moderate anticholinesterase activity. With the help of molecular modeling methods, the mechanism of interaction of the tested compounds with ChE was investigated, the binding sites were described and the structural features of the drugs that determine the strength of their anticholinesterase activity were revealed. Primary in silico evaluation showed that benzimidazole-carboxamides effectively bind to 5-HT4R and 5-HT7R. The pool of the obtained data allows us to choose N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2-oxo-3-(tert-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-1-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound 13) as the most promising for further experimental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Polina A. Voronina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Denis V. Krivorotov
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, p.o. Kuzmolovsky, St. Petersburg 188663, Russia
| | - Richard O. Jenkins
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
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12
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He L, Zhao Q, Qi J, Wang Y, Han W, Chen Z, Cong Y, Wang S. Structural insights into constitutive activity of 5-HT 6 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209917120. [PMID: 36989299 PMCID: PMC10083584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209917120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While most therapeutic research on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) focuses on receptor activation by (endogenous) agonists, significant therapeutic potential exists through agonist-independent intrinsic constitutive activity that can occur in various physiological and pathophysiological settings. For example, inhibiting the constitutive activity of 5-HT6R-a receptor that is found almost exclusively in the brain and mediates excitatory neurotransmission-has demonstrated a therapeutic effect on cognitive/memory impairment associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the structural basis of such constitutive activity remains unclear. Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of serotonin-bound human 5-HT6R-Gs heterotrimer at 3.0-Å resolution. Detailed analyses of the structure complemented by comprehensive interrogation of signaling illuminate key structural determinants essential for constitutive 5-HT6R activity. Additional structure-guided mutagenesis leads to a nanobody mimic Gαs for 5-HT6R that can reduce its constitutive activity. Given the importance of 5-HT6R for a large number of neuropsychiatric disorders, insights derived from these studies will accelerate the design of more effective medications, and shed light on the molecular basis of constitutive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licong He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Qiaoyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Jianzhong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Zhangcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
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13
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Asproni B, Catto M, Loriga G, Murineddu G, Corona P, Purgatorio R, Cichero E, Fossa P, Scarano N, Martínez AL, Brea J, Pinna GA. Novel thienocycloalkylpyridazinones as useful scaffolds for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and serotonin 5-HT6 receptor interaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 84:117256. [PMID: 37003157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
A library of eighteen thienocycloalkylpyridazinones was synthesized for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) inhibition and serotonin 5-HT6 receptor subtype interaction by following a multitarget-directed ligand approach (MTDL), as a suitable strategy for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The novel compounds featured a tricyclic scaffold, namely thieno[3,2-h]cinnolinone, thienocyclopentapyridazinone and thienocycloheptapyridazinone, connected through alkyl chains of variable length to proper amine moieties, most often represented by N-benzylpiperazine or 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-4-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indole as structural elements addressing AChE and 5-HT6 interaction, respectively. Our study highlighted the versatility of thienocycloalkylpyridazinones as useful architectures for AChE interaction, with several N-benzylpiperazine-based analogues emerging as potent and selective hAChE inhibitors with IC50 in the 0.17-1.23 μM range, exhibiting low to poor activity for hBChE (IC50 = 4.13-9.70 μM). The introduction of 5-HT6 structural moiety phenylsulfonylindole in place of N-benzylpiperazine, in tandem with a pentamethylene linker, gave potent 5-HT6 thieno[3,2-h]cinnolinone and thienocyclopentapyridazinone-based ligands both displaying hAChE inhibition in the low micromolar range and unappreciable activity towards hBChE. While docking studies provided a rational structural explanation for AChE/BChE enzyme and 5-HT6 receptor interaction, in silico prediction of ADME properties of tested compounds suggested further optimization for development of such compounds in the field of MTDL for AD.
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14
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Lee D, Clark ED, Antonsdottir IM, Porsteinsson AP. A 2023 update on the advancements in the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:691-703. [PMID: 36958727 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2195539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are associated with negative outcomes for patients and their care partners. Agitation is one of the most common and distressing NPS, yet we lack safe and effective treatment options. While nonpharmacologic interventions are considered first line treatment, these may not be effective or appropriate for every patient. Our current approaches to the pharmacologic treatment of agitation in AD consist of the off-label use of antipsychotics, sedative/hypnotics, anxiolytics, mood-stabilizing anticonvulsants, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, and antidepressants. Despite their prevalent use, they have questionable efficacy and significant safety concerns. AREAS COVERED Advances in the understanding of neurobiological mechanisms of agitation have fueled recent clinical trials. This article is an update to our 2017 review. A comprehensive search of ClinicalTrials.gov was completed from January 2017 to June 2022 using the search terms "Alzheimer's Disease" and "Agitation". A subsequent scoping review was completed in PubMed and Google Scholar. Several agents were identified for promise in treating agitation, including: brexpiprazole, cannabinoids, dexmedetomidine, dextromethorphan, escitalopram, masupirdine, and prazosin. EXPERT OPINION Clinical trials remain underway utilizing both novel and repurposed agents to address symptoms of agitation in AD. With increasing understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that fuel the development of agitation in AD, the use of enhanced trial design and conduct, advanced statistical approaches, and accelerated pathways for regulatory approval, we are advancing closer to having safe and efficacious treatment options for agitation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Alzheimer's Disease Care, Research and Education (AD-CARE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Emily D Clark
- Alzheimer's Disease Care, Research and Education (AD-CARE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Inga M Antonsdottir
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bayview, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anton P Porsteinsson
- Alzheimer's Disease Care, Research and Education (AD-CARE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642
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15
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Sawant-Basak A, Chen L, Lockwood P, Boyden T, Doran AC, Mancuso J, Zasadny K, McCarthy T, Morris ED, Carson RE, Esterlis I, Huang Y, Nabulsi N, Planeta B, Fullerton T. Investigating CNS distribution of PF-05212377, a P-glycoprotein substrate, by translation of 5-HT 6 receptor occupancy from non-human primates to humans. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:48-59. [PMID: 36825693 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PF-05212377 (SAM760) is a potent and selective 5-HT6 antagonist, previously under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In vitro, PF-05212377 was determined to be a P-gp/non-BCRP human transporter substrate. Species differences were observed in the in vivo brain penetration of PF-05212377 with a ratio of the unbound concentration in brain/unbound concentration in plasma (Cbu /Cpu ) of 0.05 in rat and 0.64 in non-human primates (NHP). Based on pre-clinical evidence, brain penetration and target engagement of PF-05212377 was confirmed in NHP using positron emission tomography (PET) measured 5-HT6 receptor occupancy (%RO). The NHP Cpu EC50 of PF-05212377 was 0.31 nM (consistent with the in vitro human 5HT6 Ki : 0.32 nM). P-gp has been reported to be expressed in higher abundance at the rat BBB and in similar abundance at the BBB of non-human primates and human; brain penetration of PF-05212377 in humans was postulated to be similar to that in non-human primates. In humans, PF-05212377 demonstrated dose and concentration dependent increases in 5-HT6 RO; maximal 5-HT6 RO of ∼80% was measured in humans at doses of ≥15 mg with an estimated unbound plasma EC50 of 0.37 nM (which was similar to the in vitro human 5HT6 binding Ki 0.32 nM). In conclusion, cumulative evidence from NHP and human PET RO assessments confirmed that NHP is more appropriate than the rat for the prediction of human brain penetration of PF-05212377, a P-gp/non-BCRP substrate. Clinical trial number: NCT01258751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sawant-Basak
- Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laigao Chen
- Digital Sciences and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Lockwood
- Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracey Boyden
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angela C Doran
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jessica Mancuso
- Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth Zasadny
- Digital Sciences and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy McCarthy
- Digital Sciences and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Beata Planeta
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Terence Fullerton
- Internal Medicine, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
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16
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New Triazine Derivatives as Serotonin 5-HT 6 Receptor Ligands. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031108. [PMID: 36770774 PMCID: PMC9919591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the number of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise, new and effective drugs are urgently needed to not only slow down the progression of the disease, but to stop or even prevent its development. Serotonin 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) ligands are still a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of AD. 1,3,5-Triazine derivatives, as novel structures lacking an indole or a sulfone moiety, have proven to be potent ligands for this receptor. In present work, new derivatives of the compound MST4 (4-((2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine), the potent 5-HT6R antagonist (Ki = 11 nM) with promising ADMET and in vivo properties, were designed. The synthesized compounds were tested for their affinity towards 5-HT6R and other receptor (off)targets (serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT7 and dopamine D2). Based on the new results, 4-(2-tert-butylphenoxy)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (3) was selected for extended in vitro studies as a potent and selective 5-HT6R ligand (Ki = 13 nM). Its ability to permeate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its hepatotoxicity were evaluated. In addition, X-ray crystallography and solubility studies were also performed. The results obtained confirm that 6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine derivatives, especially compound 3, are promising structures for further pharmacological studies as 5-HT6R ligands.
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Babić Leko M, Nikolac Perković M, Španić E, Švob Štrac D, Pleić N, Vogrinc Ž, Gunjača I, Bežovan D, Nedić Erjavec G, Klepac N, Borovečki F, Zemunik T, Pivac N, Hof PR, Šimić G. Serotonin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid, Genetic, and Neuropsychological Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123118. [PMID: 36551873 PMCID: PMC9775360 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in serotonergic transmission throughout the brain is among the earliest pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Serotonergic receptors are also affected in AD. Polymorphisms in genes of serotonin (5HT) receptors have been mostly associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In this study, we examined if AD patients carrying different genotypes in 5HTR1B rs13212041, 5HTR2A rs6313 (T102C), 5HTR2C rs3813929 (-759C/T), and 5HTR6 rs1805054 (C267T) polymorphisms have a higher risk of faster disease progression (assessed by neuropsychological testing), are more prone to develop AD-related pathology (reflected by levels of cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] AD biomarkers), or have an association with an apolipoprotein E (APOE) haplotype. This study included 115 patients with AD, 53 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 2701 healthy controls. AD biomarkers were determined in the CSF of AD and MCI patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), while polymorphisms were determined using either TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays or Illumina genotyping platforms. We detected a significant decrease in the CSF amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42) and an increase in p-tau181/Aβ1-42 ratio in carriers of the T allele in the 5HTR2C rs3813929 (-759C/T) polymorphism. A significantly higher number of APOE ε4 allele carriers was observed among individuals carrying a TT genotype within the 5HTR2A T102C polymorphism, a C allele within the 5HTR1B rs13212041 polymorphism, and a T allele within the 5HTR6 rs1805054 (C267T) polymorphism. Additionally, individuals carrying the C allele within the 5HTR1B rs13212041 polymorphism were significantly more represented among AD patients and had poorer performances on the Rey-Osterrieth test. Carriers of the T allele within the 5HTR6 rs1805054 had poorer performances on the MMSE and ADAS-Cog. As all four analyzed polymorphisms of serotonin receptor genes showed an association with either genetic, CSF, or neuropsychological biomarkers of AD, they deserve further investigation as potential early genetic biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Švob Štrac
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruđer Bošković, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Pleić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Željka Vogrinc
- Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gunjača
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Nataša Klepac
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruđer Bošković, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-459-6807
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18
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Colwell MJ, Tagomori H, Chapman S, Gillespie AL, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ, Murphy SE. Pharmacological targeting of cognitive impairment in depression: recent developments and challenges in human clinical research. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:484. [PMID: 36396622 PMCID: PMC9671959 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired cognition is often overlooked in the clinical management of depression, despite its association with poor psychosocial functioning and reduced clinical engagement. There is an outstanding need for new treatments to address this unmet clinical need, highlighted by our consultations with individuals with lived experience of depression. Here we consider the evidence to support different pharmacological approaches for the treatment of impaired cognition in individuals with depression, including treatments that influence primary neurotransmission directly as well as novel targets such as neurosteroid modulation. We also consider potential methodological challenges in establishing a strong evidence base in this area, including the need to disentangle direct effects of treatment on cognition from more generalised symptomatic improvement and the identification of sensitive, reliable and objective measures of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Colwell
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Hosana Tagomori
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Chapman
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy L Gillespie
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Susannah E Murphy
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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19
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Ablinger I, Dressel K, Rott T, Lauer AA, Tiemann M, Batista JP, Taddey T, Grimm HS, Grimm MOW. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Deal with Alzheimer's Disease-From Bench to Bedside: What Feasible Options Do Already Exist Today? Biomedicines 2022; 10:2922. [PMID: 36428494 PMCID: PMC9687885 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the western population. The incidence of this disease increases with age. Rising life expectancy and the resulting increase in the ratio of elderly in the population are likely to exacerbate socioeconomic problems. Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disease. In addition to amyloidogenic processing leading to plaques, and tau pathology, but also other molecular causes such as oxidative stress or inflammation play a crucial role. We summarize the molecular mechanisms leading to Alzheimer's disease and which potential interventions are known to interfere with these mechanisms, focusing on nutritional approaches and physical activity but also the beneficial effects of cognition-oriented treatments with a focus on language and communication. Interestingly, recent findings also suggest a causal link between oral conditions, such as periodontitis or edentulism, and Alzheimer's disease, raising the question of whether dental intervention in Alzheimer's patients can be beneficial as well. Unfortunately, all previous single-domain interventions have been shown to have limited benefit to patients. However, the latest studies indicate that combining these efforts into multidomain approaches may have increased preventive or therapeutic potential. Therefore, as another emphasis in this review, we provide an overview of current literature dealing with studies combining the above-mentioned approaches and discuss potential advantages compared to monotherapies. Considering current literature and intervention options, we also propose a multidomain interdisciplinary approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients that synergistically links the individual approaches. In conclusion, this review highlights the need to combine different approaches in an interdisciplinary manner, to address the future challenges of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ablinger
- Speech and Language Therapy, Campus Bonn, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Dressel
- Speech and Language Therapy, Campus Düsseldorf, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 40210 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thea Rott
- Interdisciplinary Periodontology and Prevention, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tiemann
- Sport Science, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - João Pedro Batista
- Sport Science and Physiotherapy, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Tim Taddey
- Physiotherapy, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
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20
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Serotonin 5-HT 6 Receptor Ligands and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Displaying Antioxidant Activity-Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Multifunctional Agents against Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169443. [PMID: 36012707 PMCID: PMC9409043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration leading to Alzheimer’s disease results from a complex interplay of a variety of processes including misfolding and aggregation of amyloid beta and tau proteins, neuroinflammation or oxidative stress. Therefore, to address more than one of these, drug discovery programmes focus on the development of multifunctional ligands, preferably with disease-modifying and symptoms-reducing potential. Following this idea, herein we present the design and synthesis of multifunctional ligands and biological evaluation of their 5-HT6 receptor affinity (radioligand binding assay), cholinesterase inhibitory activity (spectroscopic Ellman’s assay), antioxidant activity (ABTS assay) and metal-chelating properties, as well as a preliminary ADMET properties evaluation. Based on the results we selected compound 14 as a well-balanced and potent 5-HT6 receptor ligand (Ki = 22 nM) and human BuChE inhibitor (IC50 = 16 nM) with antioxidant potential expressed as a reduction of ABTS radicals by 35% (150 μM). The study also revealed additional metal-chelating properties of compounds 15 and 18. The presented compounds modulating Alzheimer’s disease-related processes might be further developed as multifunctional ligands against the disease.
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21
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Rojekar S, Abadi LF, Pai R, Prajapati MK, Kulkarni S, Vavia PR. Mannose-Anchored Nano-Selenium Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers of Etravirine for Delivery to HIV Reservoirs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:230. [PMID: 35978154 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation aims to develop and explore mannosylated lipid-based carriers to deliver an anti-HIV drug, Etravirine (TMC) and Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), to the HIV reservoirs via the mannose receptor. The successful mannosylation was evaluated by the change in zeta potential and lectin binding assay using fluorescence microscopy. Electron microscopy and scattering studies were employed to study the structure and surface of the nanocarrier system. The presence of selenium at the core-shell of the nanocarrier system was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Further, the in vitro anti-HIV1 efficacy was assessed using HIV1 infected TZM-bl cells followed by in vivo biodistribution studies to evaluate distribution to various reservoirs of HIV. The results exhibited higher effectiveness and a significant increase in the therapeutic index as against the plain drug. The confocal microscopy and flow cytometry studies exhibited the efficient uptake of the coumarin-6 tagged respective formulations. The protective effect of nano selenium toward oxidative stress was evaluated in rats, demonstrating the potential of the lipidic nanoparticle-containing selenium in mitigating oxidative stress in all the major organs. The in vivo biodistribution assessment in rats showed a 12.44, 8.05 and 9.83-fold improvement in the brain, ovary, and lymph node biodistribution, respectively as compared with plain TMC. Delivery of such a combination via mannosylated nanostructured lipid carriers could be an efficient approach for delivering drugs to reservoirs of HIV while simultaneously reducing the oxidative stress induced by such long-term therapies by co-loading Nano-Selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Department of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, 411 026, India
| | - Rohan Pai
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India
| | - Smita Kulkarni
- Department of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, 411 026, India
| | - Pradeep R Vavia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India.
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22
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Multitargeting the Action of 5-HT 6 Serotonin Receptor Ligands by Additional Modulation of Kinases in the Search for a New Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Can It Work from a Molecular Point of View? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158768. [PMID: 35955902 PMCID: PMC9368844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the unsatisfactory treatment of cognitive disorders, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the aim of this review was to perform a computer-aided analysis of the state of the art that will help in the search for innovative polypharmacology-based therapeutic approaches to fight against AD. Apart from 20-year unrenewed cholinesterase- or NMDA-based AD therapy, the hope of effectively treating Alzheimer’s disease has been placed on serotonin 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R), due to its proven, both for agonists and antagonists, beneficial procognitive effects in animal models; however, research into this treatment has so far not been successfully translated to human patients. Recent lines of evidence strongly emphasize the role of kinases, in particular microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4), Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase I/II (ROCKI/II) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in the etiology of AD, pointing to the therapeutic potential of their inhibitors not only against the symptoms, but also the causes of this disease. Thus, finding a drug that acts simultaneously on both 5-HT6R and one of those kinases will provide a potential breakthrough in AD treatment. The pharmacophore- and docking-based comprehensive literature analysis performed herein serves to answer the question of whether the design of these kind of dual agents is possible, and the conclusions turned out to be highly promising.
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23
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Alzheimer's disease: Updated multi-targets therapeutics are in clinical and in progress. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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George N, Jawaid Akhtar M, Al Balushi KA, Alam Khan S. Rational drug design strategies for the development of promising multi-target directed indole hybrids as Anti-Alzheimer agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105941. [PMID: 35714473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder that leads to dementia i.e., progressive memory loss accompanied with worsening of thinking ability of an individual. The cause of AD is not fully understood but it progresses with age where brain cells gradually die over time. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), currently 50 million people worldwide are affected by dementia and 60-70% of the cases belong to AD. Cumulative research over the past few decades have shown that molecules that act at a single target possess limited efficacy since these investigational drugs are not able to act against complex pathologies and thus do not provide permanent cure. Designing of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) appears to be more beneficial and a rational approach to treat chronic complex diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, MTDLs are being extensively researched by the medicinal chemists for the development of drugs for the treatment of various multifactorial diseases. Indole is one of the privileged scaffolds which is considered as an essential mediator between the gut-brain axis because of its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, β-amyloid anti-aggregation and antioxidant activities. Herein, we have reviewed the potential of some indole-hybrids acting at multiple targets in the pathogenesis of AD. We have reviewed research articles from the year 2014-2021 from various scientific databases and highlighted the synthetic strategies, mechanisms of neuroprotection, toxicity, structure activity relationships and molecular docking studies of various indole-hybrid derivatives. This literature review of published data on indole derivatives indicated that developing indole hybrids have improved the pharmacokinetic profile with lower toxicity, provided synergistic effect, helped to develop more potent compounds and prevented drug-drug interactions. It is evident that this class of compounds have potential to inhibit multiple enzymes targets involved in the pathogenesis of AD and therefore indole hybrids as MTDLs may play an important role in the development of anti-AD molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namy George
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid A Al Balushi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman.
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25
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Mangeant R, Dubost E, Cailly T, Collot V. Radiotracers for the Central Serotoninergic System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050571. [PMID: 35631397 PMCID: PMC9143978 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This review lists the most important radiotracers described so far for imaging the central serotoninergic system. Single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography radiotracers are reviewed and critically discussed for each receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynald Mangeant
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dubost
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Cailly
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
- UNICAEN, IMOGERE, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France
- CHU Côte de Nacre, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 14000 Caen, France
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Valérie Collot
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (V.C.)
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26
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Bojić T, Sencanski M, Perovic V, Milicevic J, Glisic S. In Silico Screening of Natural Compounds for Candidates 5HT6 Receptor Antagonists against Alzheimer's Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092626. [PMID: 35565976 PMCID: PMC9101541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating neurodegenerative disease, is the focus of pharmacological research. One of the targets that attract the most attention for the potential therapy of AD is the serotonin 5HT6 receptor, which is the receptor situated exclusively in CNS on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. The neurochemical impact of this receptor supports the hypothesis about its role in cognitive, learning, and memory systems, which are of critical importance for AD. Natural products are a promising source of novel bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic potential as a 5HT6 receptor antagonist in the treatment of AD dementia. The ZINC-natural product database was in silico screened in order to find the candidate antagonists of 5-HT6 receptor against AD. A virtual screening protocol that includes both short-and long-range interactions between interacting molecules was employed. First, the EIIP/AQVN filter was applied for in silico screening of the ZINC database followed by 3D QSAR and molecular docking. Ten best candidate compounds were selected from the ZINC Natural Product database as potential 5HT6 Receptor antagonists and were proposed for further evaluation. The best candidate was evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Bojić
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics-080, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Milan Sencanski
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.P.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Vladimir Perovic
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.P.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Jelena Milicevic
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.P.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Sanja Glisic
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.P.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
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27
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Hyperthermia and Serotonin: The Quest for a “Better Cyproheptadine”. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063365. [PMID: 35328784 PMCID: PMC8952796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine temperature control is essential in homeothermic animals. Both hyper- and hypothermia can have deleterious effects. Multiple, efficient and partly redundant mechanisms of adjusting the body temperature to the value set by the internal thermostat exist. The neural circuitry of temperature control and the neurotransmitters involved are reviewed. The GABAergic inhibitory output from the brain thermostat in the preoptic area POA to subaltern neural circuitry of temperature control (Nucleus Raphe Dorsalis and Nucleus Raphe Pallidus) is a function of the balance between the (opposite) effects mediated by the transient receptor potential receptor TRPM2 and EP3 prostaglandin receptors. Activation of TRPM2-expressing neurons in POA favors hypothermia, while inhibition has the opposite effect. Conversely, EP3 receptors induce elevation in body temperature. Activation of EP3-expressing neurons in POA results in hyperthermia, while inhibition has the opposite effect. Agonists at TRPM2 and/or antagonists at EP3 could be beneficial in hyperthermia control. Activity of the neural circuitry of temperature control is modulated by a variety of 5-HT receptors. Based on the theoretical model presented the “ideal” antidote against serotonin syndrome hyperthermia appears to be an antagonist at the 5-HT receptor subtypes 2, 4 and 6 and an agonist at the receptor subtypes 1, 3 and 7. Very broadly speaking, such a profile translates in a sympatholytic effect. While a compound with such an ideal profile is presently not available, better matches than the conventional antidote cyproheptadine (used off-label in severe serotonin syndrome cases) appear to be possible and need to be identified.
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Abstract
Cognitive impairment affects up to 80% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with poor quality of life. PD cognitive dysfunction includes poor working memory, impairments in executive function and difficulty in set-shifting. The pathophysiology underlying cognitive impairment in PD is still poorly understood, but there is evidence to support involvements of the cholinergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic systems. Only rivastigmine, an acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, is efficacious for the treatment of PD dementia, which limits management of cognitive impairment in PD. Whereas the role of the serotonergic system in PD cognition is less understood, through its interactions with other neurotransmitters systems, namely, the cholinergic system, it may be implicated in cognitive processes. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the pharmacological, clinical and pathological evidence that implicates the serotonergic system in mediating cognition in PD.
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Aaldijk E, Vermeiren Y. The role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101556. [PMID: 34990844 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for more than 50 million patients worldwide. Current evidence suggests the exact mechanism behind this devastating disease to be of multifactorial origin, which seriously complicates the quest for an effective disease-modifying therapy, as well as impedes the search for strategic preventative measures. Of interest, preclinical studies point to serotonergic alterations, either induced via selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin receptor (ant)agonists, in mitigating AD brain neuropathology next to its clinical symptoms, the latter being supported by a handful of human intervention trials. Additionally, a substantial amount of preclinical trials highlight the potential of diet, fecal microbiota transplantations, as well as pre- and probiotics in modulating the brain's serotonergic neurotransmitter system, starting from the gut. Whether such interventions could truly prevent, reverse or slow down AD progression likewise, should be initially tested in preclinical studies with AD mouse models, including sufficient analytical measurements both in gut and brain. Thereafter, its potential therapeutic effect could be confirmed in rigorously randomized controlled trials in humans, preferentially across the Alzheimer's continuum, but especially from the prodromal up to the mild stages, where both high adherence to such therapies, as well as sufficient room for noticeable enhancement are feasible still. In the end, such studies might aid in the development of a comprehensive approach to tackle this complex multifactorial disease, since serotonin and its derivatives across the microbiota-gut-brain axis might serve as possible biomarkers of disease progression, next to forming a valuable target in AD drug development. In this narrative review, the available evidence concerning the orchestrating role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of AD is summarized and discussed, and general considerations for future studies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Aaldijk
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Bhilare NV, Marulkar VS, Kumar D, Chatap VK, Patil KS, Shirote PJ. An insight into prodrug strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Abdildinova A, Kim YC, Lee GH, Park WK, Cho H, Gong YD. N-(2,7-dimethyl-2-alkyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)sulfonamide derivatives as selective serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonists: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Li X, Gao L, Liu J, Zhang H, Chen H, Yang L, Wu M, Li C, Zhu X, Ding Y, Sun L. Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of the Serotonin 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonist, HEC30654, in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:726536. [PMID: 34489712 PMCID: PMC8416768 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.726536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: HEC30654 is a selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist that was safe and well-tolerated in preclinical models of Alzheimer’s disease. The objective of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of HEC30654 after single ascending doses in healthy Chinese subjects. Methods: Healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of HEC30654 (5, 10, 15, 30, 60 mg). Safety and tolerability assessments included adverse events, vital signs, and findings on electrocardiograms, electroencephalograms, physical examination, and clinical laboratory tests. Pharmacokinetic analysis of HEC30654 and its major metabolite HEC93263 were conducted in blood, urine, and fecal samples. Results: Single doses of HEC30654 up to 30 mg were generally safe and well tolerated, but dose escalation was terminated early as the 60 mg HEC30654 treatment group met the pre-defined stopping rules specified in the protocol. Median tmax of HEC30654 was 6 h (range, 4–12 h), t1/2 of 10–60 mg HEC30654 ranged from 52.1 to 63.8 h. Exposure to HEC30654 across the dose range explored in this study increased more than in proportion to dose. Metabolism of HEC30654 to HEC93263 was slow (<10%), and HEC30654 was mainly eliminated unchanged through feces. Conclusion: Single doses of HEC30654 up to 30 mg were generally safe and well tolerated. Based on preclinical efficacy in various models of cognition, HEC30654 may represent a therapeutic option for symptomatic treatment of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Li
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingrui Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lizi Yang
- Nanguan District Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center of Changchun, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cuiyun Li
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhua Ding
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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New therapeutics beyond amyloid-β and tau for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1382-1389. [PMID: 33268824 PMCID: PMC8379190 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease in elderly people, will impose social and economic burdens to the world. Currently approved drugs for the treatment of AD including cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) and an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist (memantine) are symptomatic but poorly affect the progression of the disease. In recent decades, the concept of amyloid-β (Aβ) cascade and tau hyperphosphorylation leading to AD has dominated AD drug development. However, pharmacotherapies targeting Aβ and tau have limited success. It is generally believed that AD is caused by multiple pathological processes resulting from Aβ abnormality, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and oxidative stress. In this review we updated the recent development of new therapeutics that regulate neurotransmitters, inflammation, lipid metabolism, autophagy, microbiota, circadian rhythm, and disease-modified genes for AD in preclinical research and clinical trials. It is to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and multiple-target intervention, which may provide a promising outcome for AD treatment.
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Kucwaj-Brysz K, Baltrukevich H, Czarnota K, Handzlik J. Chemical update on the potential for serotonin 5-HT 6 and 5-HT 7 receptor agents in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 49:128275. [PMID: 34311086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the better understanding of the mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and launched clinical trials, no AD-modifying treatment based on a synthetic drug has been introduced for almost twenty years. The serotonin 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors turned out to be promising biological targets for modulation of central nervous system dysfunctions including cognitive impairment. Within this paper, we evaluate the pharmacological potency of both, 5-HT6R and 5-HT7R, agents in search for novel AD treatment. An overview of chemical structures of the 5-HTRs ligands with simultaneous procognitive action which have undergone preclinical and clinical studies within the last 10 years has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kucwaj-Brysz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanna Baltrukevich
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Czarnota
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Stoiljkovic M, Horvath TL, Hajós M. Therapy for Alzheimer's disease: Missing targets and functional markers? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101318. [PMID: 33711510 PMCID: PMC8131215 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of the next generation therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a huge challenge given the number of promising treatment candidates that failed in trials, despite recent advancements in understanding of genetic, pathophysiologic and clinical characteristics of the disease. This review reflects some of the most current concepts and controversies in developing disease-modifying and new symptomatic treatments. It elaborates on recent changes in the AD research strategy for broadening drug targets, and potentials of emerging non-pharmacological treatment interventions. Established and novel biomarkers are discussed, including emerging cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers reflecting tau pathology, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. These fluid biomarkers together with neuroimaging findings can provide innovative objective assessments of subtle changes in brain reflecting disease progression. A particular emphasis is given to neurophysiological biomarkers which are well-suited for evaluating the brain overall neural network integrity and function. Combination of multiple biomarkers, including target engagement and outcome biomarkers will empower translational studies and facilitate successful development of effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Nis School of Medicine, Nis, Serbia.
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Cognito Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Jurcau A, Simion A. Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease with Therapeutic Implications. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:94-108. [PMID: 32124703 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200303121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The significant gain in life expectancy led to an increase in the incidence and prevalence of dementia. Although vascular risk factors have long and repeatedly been shown to increase the risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), translating these findings into effective preventive measures has failed. In addition, the finding that incident ischemic stroke approximately doubles the risk of a patient to develop AD has been recently reinforced. Current knowledge and pathogenetic hypotheses of AD are discussed. The implication of oxidative stress in the development of AD is reviewed, with special emphasis on its sudden burst in the setting of acute ischemic stroke and the possible link between this increase in oxidative stress and consequent cognitive impairment. Current knowledge and future directions in the prevention and treatment of AD are discussed outlining the hypothesis of a possible beneficial effect of antioxidant treatment in acute ischemic stroke in delaying the onset/progression of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410154 Oradea, Romania.,Clinical Municipal Hospital "Dr. G Curteanu", Neurology Ward, Oradea, Romania
| | - Aurel Simion
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410154 Oradea, Romania.,Clinical Municipal Hospital "Dr. G Curteanu", Neurological Rehabilitation Ward, Oradea, Romania
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Sun Z, Wang B, Chen C, Li C, Zhang Y. 5-HT6R null mutatrion induces synaptic and cognitive defects. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13369. [PMID: 33960602 PMCID: PMC8208783 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 6 receptor (5-HT6R) is a promising target for a variety of human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. However, the detailed mechanism underlying 5-HT6R activity in the central nervous system (CNS) is not fully understood. In the present study, 5-HT6R null mutant (5-HT6R-/- ) mice were found to exhibit cognitive deficiencies and abnormal anxiety levels. 5-HT6R is considered to be specifically localized on the primary cilia. We found that the loss of 5-HT6R affected the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in the primary cilia. 5-HT6R-/- mice showed remarkable alterations in neuronal morphology, including dendrite complexity and axon initial segment morphology. Neurons lacking 5-HT6R exhibited increased neuronal excitability. Our findings highlight the complexity of 5-HT6R functions in the primary ciliary and neuronal physiology, supporting the theory that this receptor modulates neuronal morphology and transmission, and contributes to cognitive deficits in a variety of human diseases, such as AD, schizophrenia, and ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Chenjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina,PKU/IDG McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
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38
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Lang FM, Mo Y, Sabbagh M, Solomon P, Boada M, Jones RW, Frisoni GB, Grimmer T, Dubois B, Harnett M, Friedhoff SR, Coslett S, Cummings JL. Intepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial (MINDSET). ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12136. [PMID: 34095437 PMCID: PMC8165732 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A previous phase 2b study supported the use of the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist intepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. A phase 3 study, MINDSET, was performed to test this hypothesis. METHODS MINDSET was a global, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 1315 mild-to-moderate AD dementia patients on stable donepezil. Patients received 35 mg/day intepirdine or placebo for 24 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were change from baseline to week 24 on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between intepirdine and placebo groups (adjusted mean [95% confidence interval]) on the co-primary endpoints ADAS-Cog (-0.36 [-0.95, 0.22], P = 0.2249) and ADCS-ADL (-0.09 [-0.90, 0.72], P = 0.8260). Intepirdine demonstrated a favorable safety profile similar to placebo. DISCUSSION Intepirdine as adjunctive therapy to donepezil did not produce statistical improvement over placebo on cognition or activities of daily living in mild-to-moderate AD dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick M. Lang
- Axovant SciencesNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Roivant SciencesNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yi Mo
- Axovant SciencesNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Marwan Sabbagh
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Paul Solomon
- Boston Center for Memory and Boston University Alzheimer's Disease CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundaciό ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències AplicadesUniversitat Internacional de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos IIINetworking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Roy W. Jones
- RICE (The Research Institute for the Care of Older People)BathUK
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Memory Clinic and LANVIE ‐ Laboratory of Neuroimaging of AgingUniversity Hospitals and University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Timo Grimmer
- School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Salpêtrière HospitalAP‐HP, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey L. Cummings
- Chambers‐Grundy Center for Transformative NeuroscienceDepartment of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health SciencesUniversity of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV)Las VegasNevadaUSA
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Szałaj N, Godyń J, Jończyk J, Pasieka A, Panek D, Wichur T, Więckowski K, Zaręba P, Bajda M, Pislar A, Malawska B, Sabate R, Więckowska A. Multidirectional in vitro and in cellulo studies as a tool for identification of multi-target-directed ligands aiming at symptoms and causes of Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1944-1952. [PMID: 33092411 PMCID: PMC7594877 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1835882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires treatment with a combination of drugs that modulate various pathomechanisms contributing to the disease. In our research, we have focused on the development of multi-target-directed ligands - 5-HT6 receptor antagonists and cholinesterase inhibitors - with disease-modifying properties. We have performed extended in vitro (FRET assay) and in cellulo (Escherichia coli model of protein aggregation) studies on their β-secretase, tau, and amyloid β aggregation inhibitory activity. Within these multifunctional ligands, we have identified compound 17 with inhibitory potency against tau and amyloid β aggregation in in cellulo assay of 59% and 56% at 10 µM, respectively, hBACE IC50=4 µM, h5TH6 K i=94 nM, hAChE IC50=26 nM, and eqBuChE IC50=5 nM. This study led to the development of multifunctional ligands with a broad range of biological activities crucial not only for the symptomatic but also for the disease-modifying treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szałaj
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Jończyk
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Pasieka
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wichur
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Więckowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paula Zaręba
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anja Pislar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Raimon Sabate
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Bhuiyan P, Chen Y, Karim M, Dong H, Qian Y. Bidirectional communication between mast cells and the gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: Avenues for therapeutic intervention. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:61-78. [PMID: 33892083 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the global incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has been steadily increasing, especially in adults, there are no effective therapeutic interventions. Neurodegeneration is a heterogeneous group of disorders that is characterized by the activation of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) (e.g., mast cells and microglia) and subsequent neuroinflammation. Mast cells are found in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract and play a role in "tuning" neuroimmune responses. The complex bidirectional communication between mast cells and gut microbiota coordinates various dynamic neuro-cellular responses, which propagates neuronal impulses from the gastrointestinal tract into the CNS. Numerous inflammatory mediators from degranulated mast cells alter intestinal gut permeability and disrupt blood-brain barrier, which results in the promotion of neuroinflammatory processes leading to neurological disorders, thereby offsetting the balance in immune-surveillance. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that gut-microbiota exert a pivotal role in inflammatory signaling through the activation of immune and inflammatory cells. Communication between inflammatory cytokines and neurocircuits via the gut-brain axis (GBA) affects behavioral responses, activates mast cells and microglia that causes neuroinflammation, which is associated with neurological diseases. In this comprehensive review, we focus on what is currently known about mast cells and the gut-brain axis relationship, and how this relationship is connected to neurodegenerative diseases. We hope that further elucidating the bidirectional communication between mast cells and the GBA will not only stimulate future research on neurodegenerative diseases but will also identify new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Yinan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Mazharul Karim
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Science, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Hongquan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
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Oliver BL, Pahua AE, Hitchcock K, Amodeo DA. Serotonin 6 receptor modulation reduces locomotor activity in C57BL/6J mice. Brain Res 2021; 1757:147313. [PMID: 33548271 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 6 receptor (5-HT6) is a more recently identified therapeutic target for several neuropsychiatric disorders. While the 5-HT6 receptor has gained interest as a target for novel therapeutics, determining the basic sex differences is lacking in the literature. To address this, the present study examined the effects of 5-HT6 receptor modulation on locomotor activity and open field measures of anxiety in C57BL/6J mice. Female and male mice were tested after acute treatment with either 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB 271046 or 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD 386088. Acute 5-HT6 receptor blockade with SB 271046 attenuated locomotor activity in C57BL6/J mice, irrespective of sex. When locomotor activity was analyzed for six 10 min time blocks, 0.1, 5, or 15 mg/kg of SB 271046 reduced locomotor activity for the initial 40 min of testing, but only 5 and 15 mg/kg SB 271046 exhibited a reduction in locomotor activity for at least 60 min. EMD 386088 only attenuated locomotor activity when mice were treated with the high dose of 15 mg/kg EMD 386088. This was true for all time blocks except for the 40-50 min time block. In addition, EMD 386088 at the 15 mg/kg dose reduced locomotor activity in female mice more than males during the 20-30 and 30-40 minute time blocks. Analysis of the anxiolytic properties of 5-HT6 receptor modulation via the open field, showed that SB 271046 did not demonstrate anxiogenic properties in either sex at the doses tested. Instead, 15 mg/kg EMD 386088 produced an anxiogenic effect in both female and male mice. Together these findings highlight the differing impact of specific 5-HT6 receptor modulation on locomotor activity in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Oliver
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA
| | - Alma E Pahua
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA
| | - Kristianna Hitchcock
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA
| | - Dionisio A Amodeo
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA.
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De Deurwaerdère P, Chagraoui A, Di Giovanni G. Serotonin/dopamine interaction: Electrophysiological and neurochemical evidence. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:161-264. [PMID: 33785130 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in the central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role in the adaptive properties of living animals to their environment. These are two modulatory, divergent systems shaping and regulating in a widespread manner the activity of neurobiological networks and their interaction. The concept of one interaction linking these two systems is rather elusive when looking at the mechanisms triggered by these two systems across the CNS. The great variety of their interacting mechanisms is in part due to the diversity of their neuronal origin, the density of their fibers in a given CNS region, the distinct expression of their numerous receptors in the CNS, the heterogeneity of their intracellular signaling pathway that depend on the cellular type expressing their receptors, and the state of activity of neurobiological networks, conditioning the outcome of their mutual influences. Thus, originally conceptualized as inhibition of 5-HT on DA neuron activity and DA neurotransmission, this interaction is nowadays considered as a multifaceted, mutual influence of these two systems in the regulation of CNS functions. These new ways of understanding this interaction are of utmost importance to envision the consequences of their dysfunctions underlined in several CNS diseases. It is also essential to conceive the mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs directly acting on their function including antipsychotic, antidepressant, antiparkinsonian, and drug of abuse together with the development of therapeutic strategies of Alzheimer's diseases, epilepsy, obsessional compulsive disorders. The 5-HT/DA interaction has a long history from the serendipitous discovery of antidepressants and antipsychotics to the future, rationalized treatments of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Bombardi C, Grandis A, Pivac N, Sagud M, Lucas G, Chagraoui A, Lemaire-Mayo V, De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G. Serotonin modulation of hippocampal functions: From anatomy to neurotherapeutics. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:83-158. [PMID: 33785139 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal region receives a dense serotoninergic innervation originating from both medial and dorsal raphe nuclei. This innervation regulates hippocampal activity through the activation of distinct receptor families that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, terminals of several afferent neurotransmitter systems, and glial cells. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that hippocampal dysfunctions are involved in learning and memory deficits, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and mood disorders such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic syndrome disorder, whereas the hippocampus participates also in the therapeutic mechanisms of numerous medicines. Not surprisingly, several drugs acting via 5-HT mechanisms are efficacious to some extent in some diseases and the link between 5-HT and the hippocampus although clear remains difficult to untangle. For this reason, we review reported data concerning the distribution and the functional roles of the 5-HT receptors in the hippocampal region in health and disease. The impact of the 5-HT systems on the hippocampal function is such that the research of new 5-HT mechanisms and drugs is still very active. It concerns notably drugs acting at the 5-HT1A,2A,2C,4,6 receptor subtypes, in addition to the already existing drugs including the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Grandis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudier Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Guillaume Lucas
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Valérie Lemaire-Mayo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Cummings J. New approaches to symptomatic treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:2. [PMID: 33441154 PMCID: PMC7805095 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful development of agents that improve cognition and behavior in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical to improving the lives of patients manifesting the symptoms of this progressive disorder. DISCUSSION There have been no recent approvals of cognitive enhancing agents for AD. There are currently 6 cognitive enhancers in Phase 2 trials and 4 in phase 3. They represent a variety of novel mechanisms. There has been progress in developing new treatments for neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD with advances in treatment of insomnia, psychosis, apathy, and agitation in AD. There are currently 4 AD-related psychotropic agents in Phase 2 trials and 7 in Phase 3 trials. Many novel mechanisms are being explored for the treatment of cognitive and behavioral targets. Progress in trial designs, outcomes measures, and population definitions are improving trial conduct for symptomatic treatment of AD. CONCLUSIONS Advances in developing new agents for cognitive and behavioral symptoms of AD combined with enhanced trial methods promise to address the unmet needs of patients with AD for improved cognition and amelioration of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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Vanda D, Canale V, Chaumont-Dubel S, Kurczab R, Satała G, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Krawczyk M, Pietruś W, Blicharz K, Pękala E, Bojarski AJ, Popik P, Marin P, Soural M, Zajdel P. Imidazopyridine-Based 5-HT 6 Receptor Neutral Antagonists: Impact of N1-Benzyl and N1-Phenylsulfonyl Fragments on Different Receptor Conformational States. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1180-1196. [PMID: 33439019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist in an equilibrium of multiple conformational states, including different active states, which depend on the nature of the bound ligand. In consequence, different conformational states can initiate specific signal transduction pathways. The study identified compound 7e, which acts as a potent 5-hydroxytryptamine type 6 receptor (5-HT6R) neutral antagonist at Gs and does not impact neurite growth (process controlled by Cdk5). MD simulations highlighted receptor conformational changes for 7e and inverse agonist PZ-1444. In cell-based assays, neutral antagonists of the 5-HT6R (7e and CPPQ), but not inverse agonists (SB-258585, intepirdine, PZ-1444), displayed glioprotective properties against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced and doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. These suggest that targeting the activated conformational state of the 5-HT6R with neutral antagonists implicates the protecting properties of astrocytes. Additionally, 7e prevented scopolamine-induced learning deficits in the novel object recognition test in rats. We propose 7e as a probe for further understanding of the functional outcomes of different states of the 5-HT6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vanda
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Vittorio Canale
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Severine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34-094, France
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | | | - Martyna Krawczyk
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pietruś
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Klaudia Blicharz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Piotr Popik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34-094, France
| | - Miroslav Soural
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 771 46, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków 30-688, Poland
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Amodeo DA, Oliver B, Pahua A, Hitchcock K, Bykowski A, Tice D, Musleh A, Ryan BC. Serotonin 6 receptor blockade reduces repetitive behavior in the BTBR mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 200:173076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wesołowska A, Rychtyk J, Gdula-Argasińska J, Górecka K, Wilczyńska-Zawal N, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Partyka A. Effect of 5-HT 6 Receptor Ligands Combined with Haloperidol or Risperidone on Antidepressant-/Anxiolytic-Like Behavior and BDNF Regulation in Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex of Rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2105-2127. [PMID: 34211274 PMCID: PMC8240864 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s309818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with schizophrenia may have an important impact on treatment and compliance. Hence, interventions addressing such comorbidity in schizophrenia should be explored. One target may be a serotonergic 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) since its ligands displayed antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities in preclinical experiments. METHODS Acute and chronic (21 days) administration of haloperidol or risperidone in combination with a selective 5-HT6R agonist (WAY-181187) or antagonist (SB-742457) to rats was performed for detecting antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like behaviors. In addition, the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and its gene expression in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were determined. RESULTS Both single and chronic administration of WAY-181187 with haloperidol produced antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities. SB-742457 did not provide full benefits in terms of improvement of haloperidol-induced adverse mood effects. However, the administration of SB-742457 with risperidone triggered its anxiolytic-like activity. Both 5-HT6R ligands evoked no changes in haloperidol-induced effects on BDNF level. WAY-181187 induced repression of the BDNF gene while SB-742457 increased its expression in both structures. 5-HT6R ligands, when combined with risperidone, did not change BDNF protein level and increased gene expression in the hippocampus, while they elevated BDNF level and potentiated gene expression in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION The combined administration of WAY-181187 and haloperidol provided the greatest benefits, which were manifested by antidepressant-like effects and suppression of the anxiogenic-like properties. The combined administration of risperidone with both agonist and antagonist resulted only in an anxiolytic-like effect. It seems that the anxiolytic-like effects induced by haloperidol or risperidone with the addition of 5-HT6R ligands are task-specific. The data on BDNF protein and gene expression did not fully correspond with the behavioral outcomes, and thus it appears that other factors/mechanisms are involved in the observed antidepressant- and/or anxiolytic-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Rychtyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Gdula-Argasińska
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Górecka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Wilczyńska-Zawal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Constitutive Activity of Serotonin Receptor 6 Regulates Human Cerebral Organoids Formation and Depression-like Behaviors. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:75-88. [PMID: 33357407 PMCID: PMC7815944 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin receptor 6 (5-HT6R), a typical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mainly expressed in the neurogenic area with constitutive activity, is of particular interest as a promising target for emotional impairment. Here, we found that 5-HT6R was highly expressed in human NSCs and activation of the receptor promoted self-renewal of human NSCs, and thus induced the expansion and folding of human cerebral organoids; dysfunction of receptor or inhibition of its constitutive activity resulted in the premature differentiation of NSCs, which ultimately depleted the NSC pool. The following mechanistic study revealed that EPAC-CREB signaling was involved in 5-HT6R regulation. Furthermore, we showed that mice with genetic deletion of 5-HT6R or knockin A268R mutant presented depression-like behaviors and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis for progressive decrease of the NSC pool. Thus, this study indicates that the modulation of 5-HT6R and its constitutive activity may provide a therapeutic alternative to alleviate depression. 5-HT6R regulates human neural stem cell proliferation The constitutive activity of 5-HT6R is essential for human neural stem cell's multipotency 5-HT6R modulates neurogenesis of human cerebral organoids Mice with reduced constitutive activity of 5-HT6R show depression-like behaviors
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Martin PY, Doly S, Hamieh AM, Chapuy E, Canale V, Drop M, Chaumont-Dubel S, Bantreil X, Lamaty F, Bojarski AJ, Zajdel P, Eschalier A, Marin P, Courteix C. mTOR activation by constitutively active serotonin6 receptors as new paradigm in neuropathic pain and its treatment. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 193:101846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Petroianu GA, Lorke DE. The Role of Serotonin in Singultus: A Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:629. [PMID: 32765206 PMCID: PMC7378791 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georg A. Petroianu
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Georg A. Petroianu,
| | - Dietrich E. Lorke
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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