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Miller L, Butera NM, Ellsberg M, Baird S. Polyvictimization and Adolescent Health and Well-Being in Ethiopia: The Mediating Role of Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6755. [PMID: 37754614 PMCID: PMC10530940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal violence is a pervasive experience affecting one billion children and adolescents annually, resulting in adverse health and well-being outcomes. Evidence suggests that polyvictimization, the experience of multiple forms of violence, is associated with more harmful consequences for adolescents than experiencing individual types of violence, although data from low-and middle-income countries are limited. This study analyzed data on over 4100 adolescents from the Gender and Adolescence, Global Evidence Study in Ethiopia to examine the association between polyvictimization and adolescent mental and physical health and the mediating role of resilience using linear regression and path analysis. We hypothesized that adolescents experiencing polyvictimization would experience worse mental and physical health than those experiencing no types or individual types of victimization, and that resilience would mediate these relationships. Half of sampled girls and over half of boys experienced polyvictimization. Among both sexes, polyvictimization was associated with worse mental but not worse physical health. Resilience mediated the association between polyvictimization and mental health among girls only. Strengthening resilience among girls may be an effective avenue for mitigating polyvictimization's negative mental health effects, but additional research and programming for preventing and identifying polyvictimized adolescents and linking them to care is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Miller
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicole M. Butera
- The Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Mary Ellsberg
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.)
- Global Women’s Institute, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Sarah Baird
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.)
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Tam CC, Ye Z, Wang Y, Li X, Lin D. Self-care behaviors, drinking, and smoking to cope with psychological distress during COVID-19 among Chinese college students: the role of resilience. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1174-1193. [PMID: 34892991 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2007913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students are vulnerable to psychological distress during COVID-19 due to pandemic-related stressors. In response to psychological distress, college students engage in various coping behaviors, such as self-care behaviors and substance use. The transactional model of stress and coping depicts a cognitive appraisal process in the stress-coping association. Psychological resilience is an essential factor for the cognitive appraisal. This study aimed to investigate the mediation effects of resilience on psycho-behavioral health in response to COVID-19 stressors. DESIGN Longitudinal data were collected from 1,225 Chinese college students via web-based anonymous surveys at wave 1 (T1, between Jan 31 and Feb 11, 2020) and wave 2 (T2, between Mar 20 and Apr 3, 2020). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants reported their COVID-19 stressors (T1), resilience (T1), psychological distress (depression and anxiety; T2), and coping behaviors (self-care behaviors, drinking, and smoking; T2). Path analysis was used for data analyses. RESULTS Resilience mediated the association between COVID-19 stressors and psychological distress. Resilience together with psychological distress mediated the association of COVID-19 stressors with self-care behaviors or drinking. CONCLUSIONS Resilience appears to offer protection that promotes psycho-behavioral health in college students in the face of COVID-19 stressors. Interventions for college students should attend to resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Chi Tam
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zhi Ye
- Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Bandeira M, Graham MA, Ebersöhn L. The significance of feeling safe for resilience of adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1183748. [PMID: 37663363 PMCID: PMC10469746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1183748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are exposed to several challenges and risk factors, linked to historical legacies. Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest rates of poverty and inequality in the world, is one of the regions most negatively affected by climate change, performs poorly on many health measures, and has high rates of different forms of violence, especially gender-based violence. These contextual challenges impact adolescent mental health outcomes, preventing them to access resilience-enabling pathways that support positive outcomes despite adversity. This study aimed to contribute to knowledge generation on resilience of young people in the understudied SSA region by investigating which variables directly (or indirectly) affect the resilience of adolescents. Methods Purposive sampling was used to collect quantitative survey data from 3,312 adolescents (females = 1,818; males = 1,494) between the ages of 12 and 20 years, participating in interventions implemented by a non-governmental organization, the Regional Psychosocial Support Initiative. Data were collected in Angola (385, 11.6%), Eswatini (128, 3.9%), Kenya (390, 11.8%), Lesotho (349, 10.5%), Mozambique (478, 14.4%), Namibia (296, 8.9%), South Africa (771, 23.3%), Uganda (201, 6.1%), and Zambia (314, 9.5%). The survey collected data on socio-demographic status, resilience (CYRM-R), depression (PHQ-9), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and feelings of safety (self-developed scale). Mental health was defined as lower levels of depression, higher levels of self-esteem and higher levels of feeling safe. A mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between the predictors (the socio-demographic variables) and the output (resilience), with the mediators being depression, self-esteem and feeling safe (which all link to mental health). Results This study contributes to a gap in knowledge on country-level comparative evidence on significant predictors that impact resilience outcomes (directly or indirectly) for adolescents in sub-Saharan African countries. The results indicate that, when considering all countries collectively, feeling safe is the only predictor that has a significant direct effect on overall resilience and personal resilience, but not on caregiver resilience. When considering each country separately, feeling safe has a direct effect on overall, personal and caregiver resilience for all countries; but not for South Africa and Mozambique. Discussion The results provide evidence on which to craft youth development interventions by measuring mediators (depression, self-esteem and feeling safe) and resilience for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. The overall results of the present paper point toward a contextually relevant pathway to supporting their resilience, namely, the need to systemically target the creation and/or strengthening of structures that enable adolescents to feel safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bandeira
- Centre for the Study of Resilience and Department of Educational Psychology University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marien A. Graham
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Liesel Ebersöhn
- Centre for the Study of Resilience and Department of Educational Psychology University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Traunmüller C, Stefitz R, Schneider M, Schwerdtfeger A. Resilience moderates the relationship between the psychological impact of COVID-19 and anxiety. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1861-1872. [PMID: 34319171 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1955137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychological resilience is considered to constitute an important factor for protecting mental health, especially during times of crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. However, there is a lack of research on the potential buffering effect of resilience on the psychological impact of COVID-19 as related to mental health. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine protective effects of resilience on mental health during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Austria. Analysis was based on data collected from 4,113 Austrian residents, who participated in an anonymous online survey. The survey addressed sociodemographic data, the subjective response to COVID-19 (Impact of Event Scale; IES-R), mental health status (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; DASS-21), and resilience (Resilience-Scale; RS-11). Structural equation modelling showed significant positive associations between the IES-R score and depressive symptoms, stress and anxiety, respectively. Resilience was significantly negatively associated with depression, stress, and anxiety. Furthermore, resilience moderated the relation between the impact of COVID-19 and anxiety symptoms. However, there was no moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between IES-R and both depression and stress. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on anxiety symptoms seems to vary with the level of resilience. Moderating effects of resilience on the relation between impact of COVID-19 and stress and depression symptoms could not be confirmed. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of resilience on stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Traunmüller
- Institute of Psychology, Health Psychology Unit, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Stefitz
- Institute of Psychology, Health Psychology Unit, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martha Schneider
- Institute of Psychology, Health Psychology Unit, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Zeng F, John WCM, Sun X, Wang Y. COVID-19-associated impact and post-traumatic stress symptoms 39 days after pandemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese college students: the mediating effecting of past stressful events, psychological resilience, and social support. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:379. [PMID: 37254082 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 outbreak, most Chinese college students were home-quarantined to prevent the spread of the virus. COVID-19-associated impact has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of post-traumatic symptoms disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the psychological processes that mediate this association. This study investigated the association between COVID-19-associated impact and PTSD and examined whether past stressful events, psychological resilience, and social support have mediating effects on this association. METHODS The 12,397 valid responses from 31cities in China via an online survey assessed PTSD symptoms, past stressful events, psychological resilience, social support and social-demographic variables. AMOS was used to test the hypotheses of mediating effects. RESULTS On the 39th day of the declared COVID-19 epidemic in China, 6.75% of the surveyed sample showed PTSD symptoms. A positive mediating effect of past stressful events was found between COVID-19-associated impact and PTSD, whereas psychological resilience and social support had negative mediating effects. The fit indices for the path model were found to be significant (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), COVID-19-associated impact indirectly affects the risk of PTSD through mediating pathways (past stressful events → psychological resilience → social support) on PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Attention should be paid to the effects of past stressful events of Chinese college students who were home-quarantined during the COVID-19 epidemic, and strategies should also be implemented to improve social support and develop psychological resilience. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Southwest Minzu University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmin Zeng
- Mental Health Education Centre of Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wong Chee Meng John
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital & National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueli Sun
- Mental Health Centre of West China Hospital in Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
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Ruengorn C, Awiphan R, Phosuya C, Ruanta Y, Wongpakaran N, Wongpakaran T, Thavorn K, Nochaiwong S. Psychological Resilience and Adverse Mental Health Issues in the Thai Population during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13023. [PMID: 36293610 PMCID: PMC9602542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the enormous amount of uncertainty caused by it, mental health issues have become a great concern. Evidence regarding the effects of psychological resilience on the Thai population is scarce. We evaluated psychological resilience during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with the risk of mental health outcomes, such as depression, anxiety, stress, and health-related well-being. This cross-sectional study was a part of the HOME-COVID-19 project, which conducted an online survey of 4004 members of the general population in Thailand using the Brief Resilience Coping Scale. Logistic regression was performed to identify the association between psychological resilience and mental health issues and well-being. Groups with prevalence rates of 43.9%, 39.2%, and 16.9% were classified as low, moderate, and high resilient copers, respectively. Using high resilient copers as a reference group, the low resilient copers had a higher chance of having mental health adversities. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-2.56; p < 0.001) for depression, 2.13 (95% CI, 1.45-3.14; p < 0.001) for anxiety, 4.61 (95% CI, 3.30-6.45; p < 0.001) for perceived stress, and 3.18 (95% CI, 2.31-4.38; p < 0.001) for low well-being. For the medium resilient copers, only low well-being was found to be statistically significant (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.16-2.20; p = 0.004). It is important that resilience be considered in the development of strategies for managing the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent or reduce adverse mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidchanok Ruengorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratanaporn Awiphan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chabaphai Phosuya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yongyuth Ruanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kednapa Thavorn
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- ICES uOttawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Surapon Nochaiwong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Gronewold J, Duman EE, Engel M, Engels M, Siegrist J, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Hermann DM. Association between life events and later depression in the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study—The role of sex and optimism. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271716. [PMID: 35857802 PMCID: PMC9299341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between life event stress and depressive symptoms has not been analyzed in the general population before. Methods In the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, we assessed the association of 1.) the presence of important life events and 2.) life event stress, with the amount of depressive symptoms in univariable linear regressions and in multivariable regressions adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and age, sex and optimism as important determinants of coping with life events (model 2). Presence of life events and life event stress were assessed with the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), optimism with the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and depressive symptoms with the 15-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results Of the total cohort of 4,814 participants, 1,120 had experienced important life events during the previous 6 months. Presence of important life events was significantly associated with higher CES-D scores (B = 2.6, 95%CI = 2.2 to 3.0, p < .001; model 2) compared to absence of life events. Associations were stronger for women than for men and for pessimists than for optimists. Among the participants with important life events, median (Q1; Q3) stress-score was 45.0 (39.0; 63.0). Stress-scores >Q3 were significantly associated with higher CES-D scores (2.2, 1.1 to 3.3, < .001) with a stronger association in pessimists than in optimists. Conclusions Experiencing life-changing events is associated with depression. Women and individuals with pessimistic personality are especially vulnerable which should be considered in prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Gronewold
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (JG); (DMH)
| | - Ela-Emsal Duman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Miriam Engel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Miriam Engels
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Siegrist
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - K-H. Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Hermann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (JG); (DMH)
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Kascakova N, Furstova J, Trnka R, Hasto J, Geckova AM, Tavel P. Subjective perception of life stress events affects long-term pain: the role of resilience. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:54. [PMID: 35246257 PMCID: PMC8897905 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is evidence that experiencing childhood trauma and life stressors across the lifespan together with lower resilience is associated with chronic pain-related conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the potential mediating role of resilience in the relationship between childhood trauma and long-term pain and to explore a possible moderating role of serious life stressors in the last year. Methods The participants, drawn from a representative sample of citizens of the Czech Republic (n = 1800, mean age: 46.6 years, 48.7% male), were asked to report various long-term pain conditions, childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ), life stressors (Life Stressor Checklist Revised, LSC-R) and resilience (Brief Resilience Scale, BRS) in a cross-sectional face-to-face study conducted in 2016. A conditional process SEM model of moderated mediation was performed. Results The occurrence of life stress events affecting the participant’s last year moderated the relationship between childhood trauma, resilience and health. In the group of participants who experienced at least one life stress event affecting their last year, resilience fully mediated the effect of past childhood trauma on long-term pain. In participants who did not experience life stressors with an impact on the last year, the direct path from childhood trauma to health through resilience lost its significance. Conclusion The subjective meaning of stress events on one’s life has an impact on the trajectory between childhood trauma and health and acts as a moderator. Resilience may buffer the negative effect of trauma on later long-term pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kascakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic. .,Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Pro mente sana, Heydukova 27, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Furstova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Trnka
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Science and Research Department, Prague College of Psychosocial Studies, Hekrova 805, Prague 4, 149 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Hasto
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,St. Elizabeth College of Health and Social Work, Palackého 1, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitní 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Panic Buying and Consumption Displacement during COVID-19: Evidence from New Zealand. ECONOMIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/economies9020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Panic buying and hoarding behavior is a significant component of crisis- and disaster-related consumption displacement that has received considerable attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding such purchasing and stockpiling behavior provides critical information for government, disaster managers and the retail sector, as well as policy makers to adjust crisis response strategies and to better understand disaster management, including preparedness and response strategies. This study examines consumer purchasing behavior, retail spending and transactional data for different retail sectors between January 2017 and December 2020 using data for the greater Christchurch region in New Zealand. Once COVID-19-related panic buying began, overall spending increased sharply in anticipation of lockdowns. Transactional spending increased and subsided only slowly to a level higher than pre lockdown. The magnitude of the panic buying event far exceeded historical seasonal patterns of consumer spending outside of Christmas, Easter and Black Friday, although daily spending levels were comparable to such consumption events. The results of the study highlight the importance of comparing panic buying to other events in terms of purchasing motivations and also considering that so-called panic buying may contribute to greater individual and household resilience. The volume of sales alone is not adequate to define panic buying. Instead, the extent of divergence from the normal daily spending value per retail transaction of a given population provides a much more accurate characteristic of panic buying.
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Sun H, Qin Y, Hengudomsub P. Factors associated with resilience in spousal caregivers of patients with cancer: An integrative review. Nurs Open 2021; 8:2131-2141. [PMID: 33465282 PMCID: PMC8363360 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore resilience and associated factors in spousal caregivers of patients with cancer. Design An integrative review. Methods This review used the standardized critical appraisal instruments developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and was conducted by researching the electronic databases of Cochrane, CINAHL, ProQuest, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO and Google Scholar. The articles were published in English with full text from January 2010 to January 2020. Results According to data retrieval, 26 articles were finally selected. From this review, resilience was typically measured by using exact resilience scales (i.e. Connor‐Davidson or Wagnild Resilience Scales) or using other variables to indicate either more positive psychological outcomes or less negative psychological outcomes. For factors associated with resilience, these were classified as individual internal and external factors. Internal factors included caregiver burden, psychological distress, coping strategies and other factors, whereas social support, couple interaction, patient health status and other parameters were considered external factors. Conclusions Resilience plays an important role in promoting positive adaptation in spite of adversity among the spousal caregivers of patients with cancer. Due to the uniqueness of resilience among spousal caregivers, ways to assess resilience and identify its associated factors deserve more attention and careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Sun
- School of Nursing, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Qin
- School of Nursing, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Kelifa MO, Yang Y, Herbert C, He Q, Wang P. Psychological resilience and current stressful events as potential mediators between adverse childhood experiences and depression among college students in Eritrea. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 106:104480. [PMID: 32470689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well recognized remote risks for adulthood depression. However, proximal processes for this relationship is still an ongoing research endeavor, particularly among college students living in resource-limited settings. The mechanism of the impact of ACEs on depression may be attributed to mediators such as psychological resilience and current stressful events (CSEs). METHODS Data was obtained using a cross-sectional study from a national representative sample of college undergraduates in Eritrea (N = 507). To explain the mediated effect of ACEs on depression, a mediation analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed. RESULTS ACEs were found to have both direct (β = 0.102, p = 0.023) and indirect (β = 0.216, p < 0.001) effects on depression. The indirect effect was negatively mediated by psychological resilience and positively by CSEs. Respondents with higher levels of psychological resilience reported lower depressive symptoms and lower ACEs scores, while those with higher scores of either CSEs or ACEs reported more depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The impact of ACEs on depression may be reduced by managing current stressors and building students' psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammedhamid Osman Kelifa
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Meakel, Eritrea
| | - Yinmei Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Carly Herbert
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Qiqiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peigang Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Ye Z, Yang X, Zeng C, Wang Y, Shen Z, Li X, Lin D. Resilience, Social Support, and Coping as Mediators between COVID‐19‐related Stressful Experiences and Acute Stress Disorder among College Students in China. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12211 10.1111/aphw.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ye
- Zhejiang Police College Hangzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China
- Beijing People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoming Li
- University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA
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Ye Z, Yang X, Zeng C, Wang Y, Shen Z, Li X, Lin D. Resilience, Social Support, and Coping as Mediators between COVID-19-related Stressful Experiences and Acute Stress Disorder among College Students in China. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:1074-1094. [PMID: 32666713 PMCID: PMC7405224 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak might induce acute stress disorder (ASD) to people living in the epidemic regions. The current study aims to investigate the association of COVID‐19‐related stressful experiences with ASD and possible psychological mechanisms of the association among college students. Methods Data were collected from 7,800 college students via an online survey during the initial stage of the COVID‐19 outbreak in China (from 31 January to 11 February 2020). Existing scales were adapted to measure stressful experiences, resilience, coping, social support, and ASD symptoms. Path analysis was employed to examine the research hypotheses. Results Among the 7,800 college students, 61.53% were women and their mean age was 20.54 years. Both direct and indirect effects from COVID‐19‐related stressful experiences to ASD symptoms were significant. The relationship between COVID‐19‐related stressful experiences and ASD could be mediated by resilience (β = 0.01, p < .001), adaptive coping strategies (β = 0.02, p < .001), and social support (β = 0.01, p < .001); while not being significantly mediated by maladaptive coping strategies. Conclusion The findings presented the ASD symptoms related to the COVID‐19 outbreak and the mediating role of interpersonal and intrapersonal factors in the association. Identifying the risk and protective factors is important to reduce acute psychological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ye
- Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoming Li
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Tam CC, Benotsch EG, Weinstein TL. Resilience and psychiatric symptoms as mediators between perceived stress and non-medical use of prescription drugs among college students. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 46:120-130. [PMID: 31442086 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1653315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Due to the high prevalence of non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD; i.e., use of these drugs without a doctor's prescription) among college students, it is important to identify psychosocial factors relevant to NMUPD. Prior research shows a link between perceived stress, psychiatric symptoms and NMUPD. Resilience is an essential concept in adaptive coping that emphasizes that resilience protects people against stress. Substantial evidence shows the mediation effect of resilience on the relationship between stress, psychiatric symptoms, and substance use. However, scant literature has examined associations between resilience and NMUPD.Objectives: The current study explored the relationship among perceived stress, psychiatric symptoms, resilience, and NMUPD in college students.Methods: Online data were collected from 1,052 undergraduates (68.7% females) with an average age of 19.8 years in 2016 in Virginia, United States, using anonymous surveys assessing perceived stress, psychiatric symptoms (i.e., depression and social anxiety), resilience (i.e., tenacity, tolerance, acceptance, control, and spirituality), and past-three-month NMUPD (i.e., opioids, sedatives, anxiolytics, and stimulants). Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis.Results: Resilience together with psychiatric symptoms completely mediated the effects of perceived stress on NMUPD. Resilience completely mediated the relationship between perceived stress and psychiatric symptoms. The goodness-of-fit indicators suggested a good fit of data (RMSEA = .04; CFI = .97; TLI = .96; WRMR = 1.37).Conclusions: Resilience appears to offer protection that can mitigate the effects of perceived stress and psychiatric symptoms on NMUPD. Future interventions related to NMUPD among college students should attend to resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Chi Tam
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eric G Benotsch
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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