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Hale MR, Langhough R, Du L, Hermann BP, Van Hulle CA, Carboni M, Kollmorgen G, Basche KE, Bruno D, Sanson-Miles L, Jonaitis EM, Chin NA, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin BB, Carlsson CM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Betthauser TJ, Johnson SC, Mueller KD. Associations between recall of proper names in story recall and CSF amyloid and tau in adults without cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 133:87-98. [PMID: 37925995 PMCID: PMC10842469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological measures sensitive to decline in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease are needed. We previously demonstrated that higher amyloid-beta (Aβ) assessed by positron emission tomography in adults without cognitive impairment was associated with recall of fewer proper names in Logical Memory story recall. The current study investigated the association between proper names and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (Aβ42/40, phosphorylated tau181 [pTau181], neurofilament light) in 223 participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. We assessed associations between biomarkers and delayed Logical Memory total score and proper names using binary logistic regressions. Sensitivity analyses used multinomial logistic regression and stratified biomarker groups. Lower Logical Memory total score and proper names scores from the most recent visit were associated with biomarker positivity. Relatedly, there was a 27% decreased risk of being classified Aβ42/40+/pTau181+ for each additional proper name recalled. A linear mixed effects model found that longitudinal change in proper names recall was predicted by biomarker status. These results demonstrate a novel relationship between proper names and Alzheimer's disease-cerebrospinal fluid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Hale
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lianlian Du
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carol A Van Hulle
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Kristin E Basche
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leah Sanson-Miles
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin M Jonaitis
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Chin
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kimberly D Mueller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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2
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Bae S, Shimada H, Lee S, Makino K, Chiba I, Katayama O, Harada K, Park H, Toba K. Subjective Cognitive Decline and Frailty Trajectories and Influencing Factors in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5803. [PMID: 37762744 PMCID: PMC10532373 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied frailty and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) trajectories in older Japanese adults and evaluated the influence of various factors on these trajectories. We analyzed data from 1157 non-demented adults aged 70 and above from 2013 to 2019. Frailty was assessed using the self-administered Kihon Checklist (KCL), a Japanese frailty index. SCD was evaluated using the questionnaire of the Subjective Memory Complaints scale. Through group-based joint trajectory models, we discerned three frailty trajectories: non-progressive (n = 775), moderate progressive (n = 312), and rapid progressive (n = 70); and three SCD trajectories: non-progressive (n = 302), moderate progressive (n = 625), and rapid progressive (n = 230). Individuals in the rapid progressive SCD trajectory had a 32.2% probability of also being in the rapid progressive frailty trajectory. In contrast, those in the non-progressive SCD trajectory had zero probability of being in the rapid progressive frailty trajectory. Both the rapid progressive frailty and SCD groups combined had a higher incidence of depressive symptoms and slow gait speed. Our results have found that frailty and SCD share a similar trajectory in Japanese older adults. Additionally, rapid progressive frailty and SCD were associated with the highest risk of depressive symptoms and slow gait speed. Thus, interventions targeting both frailty and cognitive decline should prioritize mental health enhancement and gait speed improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongryu Bae
- Department of Health Care and Science, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Keitaro Makino
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Ippei Chiba
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Osamu Katayama
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Kenji Harada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Health Care and Science, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Kenji Toba
- Tokyo Metropolitan Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Kurita S, Doi T, Harada K, Katayama O, Morikawa M, Nishijima C, Fujii K, Misu Y, Yamaguchi R, Von Fingerhut G, Kakita D, Shimada H. Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Traffic Incidents in Older Drivers in Japan. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2330475. [PMID: 37624598 PMCID: PMC10457720 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance To prevent motor vehicle collisions by older drivers, the increased risk of collisions should be considered early. Cognitive decline increases the risk of car collisions. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), characterized by the presence of cognitive concerns and slow gait, can be assessed conveniently and is useful to assess the risk of dementia. Objective To examine the association between MCR assessment findings and car collisions among older drivers in Japan. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from a community-based cohort study, the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes, conducted in Japan from 2015 to 2018. Participants were community-dwelling older adults aged at least 65 years. Data were analyzed from February to March 2023. Exposure MCR was defined as having subjective memory concerns (SMC) and slow gait. Participants were classified into 4 groups: no SMC or slow gait, only SMC, only slow gait, and MCR. Main Outcomes and Measures Participants were asked about the experience of car collisions during the last 2 years and near-miss traffic incidents during the previous year through face-to-face interviews. Odds of experiencing a collision or near-miss traffic incident were assessed using logistic regression. Results Among a total of 12 475 participants, the mean (SD) age was 72.6 (5.2) years, and 7093 (56.9%) were male. The group with only SMC and the group with MCR showed a higher proportion of both car collisions and near-miss traffic incidents than the other groups (adjusted standardized residuals > 1.96; P < .001). Logistic regression analysis showed the only SMC and MCR groups had increased odds of car collisions (only SMC group: odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.27-1.72; MCR group: OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.39-2.16) and near-miss traffic incidents (only SMC group: OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.91-2.25; MCR group: OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.85-2.45) after adjusting for confounding factors. After stratifying MCR assessments by objective cognitive impairment, significant associations were still observed. In the only slow gait group, objective cognitive impairment was associated with increased odds of car collisions (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.17-3.28). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older drivers in Japan, SMC and MCR were associated with car collisions and near-miss traffic incidents independent from objective cognitive impairment. Future studies should examine the mechanism of these associations in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kurita
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kenji Harada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Osamu Katayama
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Morikawa
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishijima
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujii
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yuka Misu
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Science Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Georg Von Fingerhut
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kakita
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Science Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Disrupted Value-Directed Strategic Processing in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Behavioral and Neural Correlates. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7030056. [PMID: 35645279 PMCID: PMC9149834 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Value-directed strategic processing involves attending to higher-value information while inhibiting lower-value information. This preferential processing is relatively preserved in cognitively normal older adults but is impaired in individuals with dementia. No studies have investigated whether value-directed strategic processing is disrupted in earlier stages of cognitive decline, namely, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study examined behavioral and EEG differences in value-directed strategic processing between 18 individuals with MCI and 18 cognitively normal older controls using a value-directed list learning task. Behaviorally, individuals with MCI recalled fewer total and high-value words compared to controls, but no group differences were observed in low-value word recall. Neurally, individuals with MCI had reduced theta synchronization relative to controls between 100 and 200 ms post-stimulus. Greater alpha desynchronization was observed for high- versus low-value words between 300 and 400 ms in controls but not in the MCI group. The groups showed some processing similarities, with greater theta synchronization for low-value words between 700 and 800 ms and greater alpha desynchronization for high-value words between 500 and 1100 ms. Overall, value-directed strategic processing was compromised in individuals with MCI on both behavioral and neural measures relative to controls. These findings add to the growing body of literature on differences between typical cognitive aging and MCI.
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McGrattan AM, Pakpahan E, Siervo M, Mohan D, Reidpath DD, Prina M, Allotey P, Zhu Y, Shulin C, Yates J, Paddick SM, Robinson L, Stephan BCM. Risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12267. [PMID: 35310524 PMCID: PMC8918697 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction With no treatment for dementia, there is a need to identify high risk cases to focus preventive strategies, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) where the burden of dementia is greatest. We evaluated the risk of conversion from mild cognitive ompairment (MCI) to dementia in LMICs. Methods Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched from inception until June 30, 2020. The search was restricted to observational studies, conducted in population‐based samples, with at least 1 year follow‐up. There was no restriction on the definition of MCI used as long as it was clearly defined. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019130958. Results Ten thousand six hundred forty‐seven articles were screened; n = 11 retained. Of the 11 studies, most were conducted in China (n = 7 studies), with only two studies from countries classified as low income. A qualitative analysis of n = 11 studies showed that similar to high‐income countries the conversion rate to dementia from MCI was variable (range 6.0%–44.8%; average follow‐up 3.7 years [standard deviation = 1.2]). A meta‐analysis of studies using Petersen criteria (n = 6 studies), found a pooled conversion rate to Alzheimer's disease (AD) of 23.8% (95% confidence interval = 15.4%–33.4%); approximately one in four people with MCI were at risk of AD in LMICs (over 3.0–5.8 years follow‐up). Risk factors for conversion from MCI to dementia included demographic (e.g., age) and health (e.g., cardio‐metabolic disease) variables. Conclusions MCI is associated with high, but variable, conversion to dementia in LMICs and may be influenced by demographic and health factors. There is a notable absence of data from low‐income settings and countries outside of China. This highlights the urgent need for research investment into aging and dementia in LMIC settings. Being able to identify those individuals with cognitive impairment who are at highest risk of dementia in LMICs is necessary for the development of risk reduction strategies that are contextualized to these unique settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M McGrattan
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Eduwin Pakpahan
- Department Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences The University of Nottingham Medical School Nottingham UK
| | - Devi Mohan
- Global Public Health Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia Subang Jaya Malaysia
| | - Daniel D Reidpath
- Global Public Health Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia Subang Jaya Malaysia.,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, ICDDR,B Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Matthew Prina
- Department of Health Service and Population Research King's College London London UK
| | - Pascale Allotey
- Global Public Health Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia Subang Jaya Malaysia
| | - Yueping Zhu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chen Shulin
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jennifer Yates
- Institute of Mental Health Nottingham University Nottingham UK
| | - Stella-Maria Paddick
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK.,Gateshead NHS Community Health Foundation Trust Gateshead UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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6
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Groeger JL, Ayers E, Barzilai N, Beauchet O, Callisaya M, Torossian MR, Derby C, Doi T, Lipton RB, Milman S, Nakakubo S, Shimada H, Srikanth V, Wang C, Verghese J. Inflammatory biomarkers and motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Multicohort survey. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 3:100151. [PMID: 36324399 PMCID: PMC9616385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Raised IL-6 and CRP levels are associated with increased odds of MCR. IL-6 and CRP are involved in overlapping inflammatory, vascular, and neurological pathology. Establishing these pathways can guide interventions to prevent progression of MCR to dementia.
Background Inflammation may play a role in Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome, a pre-dementia syndrome comprised of slow gait and cognitive complaints. Our objective was to examine associations of inflammatory biomarkers with MCR. Methods We examined association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with prevalent MCR using logistic regression in 3,101 older adults (52% female) from five cohorts (National Center for Geriatrics & Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes [NCGG-SGS], Central Control of Mobility in Aging [CCMA], Tasmanian Study of Cognition and Gait [TASCOG], LonGenity, and Einstein Aging Study [EAS]). Associations were reported as odds ratios adjusted for sex, age, education, depressive symptoms, body mass index, and vascular diseases (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Meta-analysis and analyses stratified by vascular disease were also done. Results Although associations between higher (worse) CRP and IL-6 tertiles and MCR were only seen in three out of the five cohorts (EAS, TASCOG, and LonGenity), when a pooled meta-analysis was performed, a robust association was demonstrated. In meta-analysis, highest tertiles of IL-6 (aOR 1.57, 95%CI 1.01- 2.44) and CRP (aOR 1.65, 95%CI 1.09–2.48) was associated with MCR versus lowest tertiles in the pooled sample. Higher CRP was associated with MCR among those with vascular disease in TASCOG and LonGenity cohorts, and among those without vascular disease in EAS. Conclusions IL-6 and CRP levels are associated with MCR in older adults, and this association varies by presence of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina L Groeger
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Olivier Beauchet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre of Research of "Institut Universitaire de Montreal", Quebec, Canada; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Michele Callisaya
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- The National Centre for Healthy Ageing, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maral R. Torossian
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Carol Derby
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Sho Nakakubo
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- The National Centre for Healthy Ageing, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Peninsula Health, Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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7
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Effects of a novel M4 muscarinic positive allosteric modulator on behavior and cognitive deficits relevant to Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia in rhesus monkey. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108754. [PMID: 34389398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a profoundly debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized most notably by progressive cognitive decline, but also agitation and behavioral disturbances that are extremely disruptive to patient and caregiver. Current pharmacological treatments for these symptoms have limited efficacy and significant side effects. We have recently reported the discovery of Compound 24, an M4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) that is potent, highly selective, and devoid of cholinergic-like side effects in rats. In order to further evaluate the translatability of the effects of compound 24 in primates, here we describe the effect of Compound 24 on three behavioral and cognition assays in rhesus monkeys, the stimulant induced motor activity (SIMA) assay, the object retrieval detour task (ORD), and the visuo-spatial paired-associates learning (vsPAL) task. As far as we know, this is the first such characterization of an M4 PAM in non-human primate. Compound 24 and the clinical standard olanzapine attenuated amphetamine induced hyperactivity to a similar degree. In addition, Compound 24 demonstrated procognitive effects in scopolamine-impaired ORD and vsPAL, and these effects were of similar magnitude to donepezil. These findings suggest that M4 PAMs may be beneficial to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, which are marked by behavioral disturbances as well as deficits in cognitive function.
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Klekociuk SZ, Saunders NL, Summers MJ. Diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment as a Precursor to Dementia: Fact or Fallacy? AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Z Klekociuk
- Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania,
| | - Nichole L Saunders
- Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania,
| | - Mathew J Summers
- Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania,
- School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast,
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Chao LL. The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Convenience Sample of 202 Gulf War Veterans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197158. [PMID: 33007845 PMCID: PMC7579246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multisymptom disorder estimated to affect approximately 25–32% of Gulf War veterans (GWVs). Cognitive dysfunction is a common symptom of GWI. On the continuum of cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is conceptualized as a transitional phase between normal aging and dementia. Individuals with MCI exhibit cognitive decline but have relatively spared activities of daily function and do not meet criteria for dementia. The current study sought to investigate the prevalence of MCI in a convenience sample of 202 GWVs (median age: 52 years; 18% female). Twelve percent of the sample (median age: 48 years) had MCI according to an actuarial neuropsychological criterion, a rate materially higher than expected for this age group. GWVs with MCI also had a smaller hippocampal volume and a thinner parietal cortex, higher rates of current posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder compared to GWVs without MCI. Because people with MCI are more likely to progress to dementia compared to those with normal cognition, these results may portend future higher rates of dementia among deployed GWVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L. Chao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Shigihara Y, Hoshi H, Shinada K, Okada T, Kamada H. Non-pharmacological treatment changes brain activity in patients with dementia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6744. [PMID: 32317774 PMCID: PMC7174400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-pharmacological treatment (NPT) improves cognitive functions and behavioural disturbances in patients with dementia, but the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear. In this observational study, 21 patients with dementia received NPTs for several months. Patients were scanned using magnetoencephalography twice during the NPT period to evaluate NPT effects on resting-state brain activity. Additionally, cognitive functions and behavioural disturbances were measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J) and a short version of the Dementia Behaviour Disturbance Scale (DBD-13) at the beginning and the end of the NPT period. In contrast to the average DBD-13 score, the average MMSE-J score improved after the NPT period. Magnetoencephalography data revealed a reduced alpha activity in the right temporal lobe and fusiform gyrus, as well as an increased low-gamma activity in the right angular gyrus. DBD-13 score changes were correlated with beta activity in the sensorimotor area. These findings corroborate previous studies confirming NPT effects on brain activity in healthy participants and people at risk of dementia. Our results provide additional evidence that brains of patients with dementia have the capacity for plasticity, which may be responsible for the observed NPT effects. In dementia, NPT might lead to improvements in the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Shigihara
- Precision Medicine Centre, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro City, Japan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro City, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Hoshi
- Precision Medicine Centre, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro City, Japan
| | - Keita Shinada
- Geriatric Health Services Facility Kakehashi, Hokuto Hospital Group, Obihiro City, Japan
| | - Toyoji Okada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro City, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro City, Japan
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Association of Physical Activity on Memory and Executive Function: Population-Based National Sample of Older Adults. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-019-00127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Clustering and Switching Patterns in Semantic Fluency and Their Relationship to Working Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2019; 18:47-61. [PMID: 31297135 PMCID: PMC6609534 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2019.18.2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Semantic verbal fluency test is a neuropsychological assessment that can sensitively detect neuropathological changes. Considering its multifactorial features tapping various cognitive domains such as semantic memory, executive function, and working memory, it is necessary to examine verbal fluency performance in association with underlying cognitive functions. The objective of the current study was to investigate semantic fluency patterns of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on clustering and switching and their relationship with working memory. Methods Twenty-six individuals with MCI and 23 normal elderly adults participated in this study. A semantic verbal fluency test (animal version) was administered and the performance was analyzed using the following measures: number of correct words, cluster size, and number of switches. Scores of digit forward (DF) and backward span tasks were employed as working memory measures. Results Analyses of variance revealed significant group differences in the numbers of correct words and switches. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic analyses showed that the number of switches more sensitively distinguished MCI existence than the number of correct words. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that DF task and age significantly predicted the number of correct words while only the DF task significantly predicted the number of switches. Conclusions Decrement in semantic verbal fluency in MCI seems to be associated with impaired switching abilities. Working memory capacity might serve as the underlying cognitive factor related to decreased verbal fluency in MCI.
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PESSOA REBECAMENDESP, BOMFIM ANAJULIAL, FERREIRA BIANCALCAVALMORETTI, CHAGAS MARCOSHORTESN. Diagnostic criteria and prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in older adults living in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ARCH CLIN PSYCHIAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - MARCOS HORTES N. CHAGAS
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil; Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
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Shimada H, Doi T, Lee S, Makizako H. Reversible predictors of reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition: a 4-year longitudinal study. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:24. [PMID: 30867057 PMCID: PMC6416893 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have revealed many factors related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) reversion, information about reversible factors related MCI reversion is limited, impeding the development of intervention strategies. The aim of the present study was to examine whether reversible factors such as lifestyle activities are associated with MCI reversion in elderly individuals using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes database. A total of 396 community-living older adults (age ≥ 65 years) participated in the study. They were classified as reverters or non-reverters from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition. We assessed lifestyle activities, potential confounding factors of cognitive decline, and reversion of mild cognitive impairment. RESULTS In a completed data set of 396 participants, 202 participants (51.0%) reverted from MCI to normal cognition. The reversion rate in participants for whom we imputed data was 34.3%. In the imputed group, a logistic regression model showed that the odds ratios (ORs) for reversion were significantly higher in participants who drove a car (OR 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41-1.60), used a map to travel to unfamiliar places (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.18), read books or newspapers (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.37-1.73), took cultural classes (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.15), attended meetings in the community (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.16-1.28), participated in hobbies or sports activities (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16), and engaged in fieldwork or gardening (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.21). The imputed sample showed that non-reverters were more likely to discontinue fieldwork or gardening (11.0% vs. 6.1%) than reverters during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Specific lifestyle activities may play important roles in MCI reversion in older adults. The longitudinal data indicate that it is reasonable to recommend that individuals continue to engage in fieldwork or gardening to increase their chance of recovery from MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi Prefecture, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi Prefecture, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi Prefecture, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Japan
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Chung SJ, Park YH, Yoo HS, Lee YH, Ye BS, Sohn YH, Lee JM, Lee PH. Mild cognitive impairment reverters have a favorable cognitive prognosis and cortical integrity in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 78:168-177. [PMID: 30947112 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether reversion to cognitively normal status (CogN) is related to a favorable cognitive prognosis in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). We recruited 217 patients with PD-MCI who underwent serial neuropsychological assessments 3-5 times (mean interval, 1.84 years). Thirty-six patients reverted to CogN (reverters) during follow-up, whereas the other 181 did not (nonreverters). We assessed the risk of cognitive worsening in PD-MCI reverters, nonreverters, and patients with PD-CogN (n = 88). In addition, we performed comparative analyses of comprehensive neuroimaging studies between the PD-MCI reverter (n = 17) and nonreverter (n = 34) subgroups. PD-MCI reverters had a lower risk of dementia conversion than nonreverters. In addition, PD-MCI reverters had similar risks of cognitive worsening with patients with PD-CogN. PD-MCI reverters exhibited greater cortical thickness in the right parahippocampal gyrus and less severely decreased functional connectivity in the default mode and executive control networks relative to nonreverters. Our results suggest that PD-MCI reverters have relatively preserved structural and functional integrity and a favorable cognitive prognosis compared with nonreverters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neurology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Hun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Mueller KD, Hermann B, Mecollari J, Turkstra LS. Connected speech and language in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A review of picture description tasks. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2018; 40:917-939. [PMID: 29669461 PMCID: PMC6198327 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1446513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuropsychological profile of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia includes a history of decline in memory and other cognitive domains, including language. While language impairments have been well described in AD dementia, language features of MCI are less well understood. Connected speech and language analysis is the study of an individual's spoken discourse, usually elicited by a target stimulus, the results of which can facilitate understanding of how language deficits typical of MCI and AD dementia manifest in everyday communication. Among discourse genres, picture description is a constrained task that relies less on episodic memory and more on semantic knowledge and retrieval, within the cognitive demands of a communication context. Understanding the breadth of evidence across the continuum of cognitive decline will help to elucidate the areas of strength and need in terms of using this method as an evaluative tool for both cognitive changes and everyday functional communication. METHOD We performed an extensive literature search of peer-reviewed journal articles that focused on the use of picture description tasks for evaluating language in persons with MCI or AD dementia. We selected articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and described the measures assessed, the psychometric properties that were reported, the findings, and the limitations of the included studies. RESULTS 36 studies were selected and reviewed. Across all 36 studies, there were 1, 127 patients with AD dementia and 274 with MCI or early cognitive decline. Multiple measures were examined, including those describing semantic content, syntactic complexity, speech fluency, vocal parameters, and pragmatic language. Discriminant validity widely reported and distinct differences in language were observable between adults with dementia and controls; fewer studies were able to distinguish language differences between typically aging adults and those with MCI. DISCUSSION Our review shows that picture description tasks are useful tools for detecting differences in a wide variety of language and communicative measures. Future research should expand knowledge about subtle changes to language in preclinical AD and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) which may improve the utility of this method as a clinically meaningful screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D. Mueller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Bruce Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Jonilda Mecollari
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Lyn S. Turkstra
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Canada
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Reversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Normal Cognition: A Meta-Analysis. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2017; 30:324-330. [PMID: 26908276 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of Alzheimer disease (AD) prevention studies has placed greater emphasis on the need to accurately detect individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) given their increased risk for developing AD. Several studies reporting on the incidence and prevalence of aMCI have also found that a substantial number of aMCI cases at baseline assessments revert to normal cognition at subsequent assessments. This instability presents a major challenge to intervention studies aimed at preventing the onset of clinical symptoms associated with aMCI. Reversion rates from 25 studies were used for this meta-analysis which found an overall reversion rate of approximately 24%. When the studies were separated by their setting (community vs. clinic), substantial differences in reversion rates were noted with clinic-based studies having a much lower reversion rate (14%) than community-based studies (31%). North American and European studies had high heterogeneity of reversion rates, whereas Asian studies had moderate levels of heterogeneity and significantly lower rates of reversion. Continued improvement in diagnostic and classification methodologies may help in more accurately identifying aMCI cases which are less likely to revert to normal cognition.
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The prevalence and progression of mild cognitive impairment among clinic and community populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Psychogeriatr 2017; 29:1595-1608. [PMID: 28884657 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610217000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that up to 42% of the population aged over 60 are affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) worldwide. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and progression of MCI through a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched Embase and PubMed for relevant literature. Stable disease rate (SR), reversion rate (RR), dementia rate (DR), and Alzheimer's disease rate (AR) were used to evaluate the progression of MCI. The prevalence and progression rates were both obtained by reported percentile and indirect data analysis. Additionally, we carried out sensitivity analysis of each index by excluding some studies due to influence analysis with the most publication bias. RESULTS Effect size (ES) was used to present adjusted overall prevalence (16%) and progression rates including SR (45%), RR (15%), DR (34%), and AR (28%) of MCI. Compared with clinic-based outcomes, MCI prevalence, SR, and RR are significantly higher in community, while DR and AR are lower. Despite significant heterogeneity found among the studies, no publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS Age and gender were observed to be associated with MCI, in which age was considered as an impact factor for DR. The strong heterogeneity may result from variations in study design and baselines. Standardized MCI criteria were suggested to systematically evaluate MCI in the future.
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Gallucci M, Di Battista ME, Battistella G, Falcone C, Bisiacchi PS, Di Giorgi E. Neuropsychological tools to predict conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to dementia. The TREDEM Registry. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2017; 25:550-560. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1349869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Gallucci
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Local Health Authority n. 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
- Health Districts of Treviso, Local Health Authority n. 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Di Battista
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Local Health Authority n. 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
- Health Districts of Treviso, Local Health Authority n. 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battistella
- Service of Statistics and Epidemiology, Local Health Authority n. 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Chiara Falcone
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Local Health Authority n. 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
- Health Districts of Treviso, Local Health Authority n. 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Di Giorgi
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Local Health Authority n. 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
- Health Districts of Treviso, Local Health Authority n. 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
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Tsutsumimoto K, Makizako H, Doi T, Hotta R, Nakakubo S, Makino K, Shimada H, Suzuki T. Subjective Memory Complaints are Associated with Incident Dementia in Cognitively Intact Older People, but Not in Those with Cognitive Impairment: A 24-Month Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:607-616. [PMID: 28216174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are considered a risk factor for incident dementia in older people, the effect might differ based on cognitive function. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effect of SMCs on the incidence of dementia in older people differed based on cognitive function. DESIGN A 24-month follow-up cohort study. SETTING Japanese community. PARTICIPANTS Prospective, longitudinal data for incident dementia were collected for 3,672 participants (mean age: 71.7 years; 46.5% men) for up to 24 months. MEASUREMENTS Baseline measurements included covariates for incident dementia, SMCs, and cognitive function. Associations between SMCs, cognitive impairment, and incident dementia were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Incidences of dementia in the cognitively intact without SMC, cognitively intact with SMC, cognitive impairment without SMC, and cognitive impairment with SMC groups were 0.3%, 1.8%, 3.4%, and 4.8%, respectively. In the cognitively intact participants, SMCs were associated with a significantly higher risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-16.11, p = 0.008). Incident dementia with cognitive impairment was not significantly different based on SMC presence (p = 0.527). Participants with cognitive impairment in multiple domains had a significantly higher risk of incident dementia (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.01-4.24, p = 0.046) CONCLUSION: SMCs were related with dementia in cognitively intact older people, but not in those with cognitive impairment.Multiple domains of cognitive impairment were associated with a higher risk of incident dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Section for Health Promotion,Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Section for Health Promotion,Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Section for Health Promotion,Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Section for Health Promotion,Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sho Nakakubo
- Section for Health Promotion,Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Makino
- Section for Health Promotion,Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Suzuki
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Gerontology, J.F. Oberlin University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
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Merrill DA, Siddarth P, Raji CA, Emerson ND, Rueda F, Ercoli LM, Miller KJ, Lavretsky H, Harris LM, Burggren AC, Bookheimer SY, Barrio JR, Small GW. Modifiable Risk Factors and Brain Positron Emission Tomography Measures of Amyloid and Tau in Nondemented Adults with Memory Complaints. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:729-37. [PMID: 27421618 PMCID: PMC5003686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise and diet impact body composition, but their age-related brain effects are unclear at the molecular imaging level. To address these issues, the authors determined whether body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and diet relate to brain positron emission tomography (PET) of amyloid plaques and tau tangles using 2-(1-(6-[(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-naphthyl)ethylidene)malononitrile (FDDNP). METHODS Volunteers (N = 44; mean age: 62.6 ± 10.7 years) with subjective memory impairment (N = 24) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N = 20) were recruited by soliciting for memory complaints. Levels of physical activity and extent of following a Mediterranean-type diet were self-reported. FDDNP-PET scans assessed plaque/tangle binding in Alzheimer disease-associated regions (frontal, parietal, medial and lateral temporal, posterior cingulate). Mixed models controlling for known covariates examined BMI, physical activity, and diet in relation to FDDNP-PET. RESULTS MCI subjects with above normal BMI (>25) had higher FDDNP-PET binding compared with those with normal BMI (1.11(0.03) versus 1.08(0.03), ES = 1.04, t(35) = 3.3, p = 0.002). Greater physical activity was associated with lower FDDNP-PET binding in MCI subjects (1.07(0.03) versus 1.11(0.03), ES = 1.13, t(35) = -3.1, p = 0.004) but not in subjects with subjective memory impairment (1.07(0.03) versus 1.07(0.03), ES = 0.02, t(35) = -0.1, p = 0.9). Healthier diet related to lower FDDNP-PET binding, regardless of cognitive status (1.07(0.03) versus 1.09(0.02), ES = 0.72, t(35) = -2.1, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION These preliminary findings are consistent with a relationship between risk modifiersand brain plaque/tangle deposition in nondemented individuals and supports maintenance of normal body weight, regular physical activity, and healthy diet to protect the brain during aging. (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00355498).
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Grande G, Cucumo V, Cova I, Ghiretti R, Maggiore L, Lacorte E, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Clerici F, Pomati S, Vanacore N, Mariani C. Reversible Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Comorbidities at Baseline Evaluation. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:57-67. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Grande
- Center for Research and Treatment on Cognitive Dysfunctions, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Department, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Cucumo
- Center for Research and Treatment on Cognitive Dysfunctions, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Department, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cova
- Center for Research and Treatment on Cognitive Dysfunctions, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Department, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghiretti
- Center for Research and Treatment on Cognitive Dysfunctions, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Department, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Maggiore
- Center for Research and Treatment on Cognitive Dysfunctions, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Department, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lacorte
- National Centre of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Clerici
- Center for Research and Treatment on Cognitive Dysfunctions, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Department, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Pomati
- Center for Research and Treatment on Cognitive Dysfunctions, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Department, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Centre of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Mariani
- Center for Research and Treatment on Cognitive Dysfunctions, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Department, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
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Increased apoptosis in the platelets of patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016; 143:46-50. [PMID: 26895209 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a progressive, incurable neurodegenerative disorder. Platelet is a suitable source of human peripheral tissue to study pathological mechanisms occurring in the brain. The present study aims to investigate (1) whether abnormal apoptotic events besides involved in AD within the central neurologic system, could also occur at peripheral platelet level; (2) whether apoptosis at peripheral platelet level starts at the early stage of AD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, and age-matched healthy individuals were recruited, and each group had 50 person. In the present study, we investigate whether alterations of caspase family and Bcl2 family could be found in the platelets in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. The platelet levels of caspase protein and Bcl2 family were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS The results show that the platelet levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bad, and Bax significantly increased in AD and amnestic MCI. The increased apoptosis proteins levels in amnestic MCI were found between AD and normal controls. The anti-apoptosis protein Bcl2 increased in amnestic MCI, while decreased in AD. CONCLUSION We suggest that increased apoptosis exist in the platelet and might mirror apoptosis within the brain. Abnormal apoptosis may appear in the early of AD, and the ratio between pro- and anti-apoptotic protein levels partially determines the susceptibility of platelet to a death signal. In conclusion, platelet may be a good model to study apoptotic pathways of AD.
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Goldman JG, Aggarwal NT, Schroeder CD. Mild cognitive impairment: an update in Parkinson's disease and lessons learned from Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2015; 5:425-43. [PMID: 26517759 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.15.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is an important focus of research in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the concept of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as a prodrome to AD has been recognized for many years, the construct of MCI in PD is a relative newcomer with recent development of diagnostic criteria, biomarker research programs and treatment trials. Controversies and challenges, however, regarding PD-MCI's definition, application, heterogeneity and different trajectories have arisen. This review will highlight current research advances and challenges in PD-MCI. Furthermore, lessons from the AD field, which has witnessed an evolution in MCI/AD definitions, relevant advances in biomarker research and development of disease-modifying and targeted therapeutic trials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Goldman
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Section of Parkinson Disease & Movement Disorders, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 755, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Neelum T Aggarwal
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences & Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, 600 South Paulina, Suite 1038, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cynthia D Schroeder
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, 1735 W. Harrison Street, Suite 306, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Lange HS, Cannon CE, Drott JT, Kuduk SD, Uslaner JM. The M1 Muscarinic Positive Allosteric Modulator PQCA Improves Performance on Translatable Tests of Memory and Attention in Rhesus Monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:442-50. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.226712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) reversion to cognitively normal (CN). METHODS Of a total of 1,233 participants from the ADNI database, 42 participants with MCI reversion to CN (MCIr), 778 with MCI, and 413 CN were obtained. We evaluated demographics, clinical outcomes, medication use, MCI type, and AD biomarkers, including genetic, cerebrospinal fluid, imaging, and neuropsychological data. RESULTS This study showed that the differences between MCIr and CN were only age, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Clinical Dementia Rating - Sum of Boxes, but the differences between MCIr and MCI were not only clinical outcomes but also AD biomarkers, including genetic, cerebrospinal fluid, imaging, and neuropsychological data. Overall, MCIr may be similar to CN and not MCI in clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS With assessment of MCI reversion to CN, the possibility of false-positive errors should be considered. With the assistance of AD biomarkers, MCI can be evaluated more accurately than the conventional criteria.
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Klekociuk SZ, Summers JJ, Vickers JC, Summers MJ. Reducing false positive diagnoses in mild cognitive impairment: the importance of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Eur J Neurol 2014; 21:1330-6, e82-3. [PMID: 24943259 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Longitudinal studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) report that a sizeable proportion of MCI cases revert to normal levels of functioning over time. The rate of recovery from MCI indicates that existing MCI diagnostic criteria result in an unacceptably high rate of false positive diagnoses and lack adequate sensitivity and specificity. METHODS The aim of the present study was to identify a set of neuropsychological measures able to differentiate between true positive cases of MCI from those who were unimpaired at 11 months' follow-up. RESULTS A discriminant function analysis identified that a combination of measures of complex sustained attention, semantic memory, working memory, episodic memory and selective attention correctly classified outcome in more than 80% of cases. The rate of false positive diagnoses (5.93%) was considerably lower than is evident in previously published MCI studies. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that the rate of false positive MCI diagnoses can be significantly reduced through the use of sensitive and specific neuropsychological measures of memory and non-memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Klekociuk
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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Ramlall S, Chipps J, Bhigjee AI, Pillay BJ. The sensitivity and specificity of subjective memory complaints and the subjective memory rating scale, deterioration cognitive observee, mini-mental state examination, six-item screener and clock drawing test in dementia screening. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2014; 36:119-35. [PMID: 23860433 DOI: 10.1159/000350768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of dementia screening depends on the availability of suitable screening tools with good sensitivity and specificity to confidently distinguish normal age-related cognitive decline from dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the discriminant validity of 7 screening measures for dementia. METHODS A sample of 140 participants aged ≥60 years living in a residential facility for the aged were assessed clinically and assigned caseness for dementia using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revised diagnostic criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of a selection of the following screening measures were tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for individual and combined tests: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Six-Item Screener (SIS), Subjective Memory Complaint, Subjective Memory Complaint Clinical (SMCC), Subjective Memory Rating Scale (SMRS), Deterioration Cognitive Observee (DECO) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT). RESULTS Using ROC analyses, the SMCC, MMSE and CDT were found to be 'moderately accurate' in screening for dementia with an area under the curve (AUC) >0.70. The AUCs for the SIS (0.526), SMRS (0.661) and DECO (0.687) classified these measures as being 'less accurate'. At recommended cutoff scores, the SMCC had a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 45.7%; the MMSE had a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 76.0%, and the CDT had a sensitivity of 44.4% and a specificity of 88.9%. Combining the SMCC and MMSE did not improve their predictive power except for a modest increase when using the sequential rule. CONCLUSION The SMCC is composed of valid screening questions that have high sensitivity, are simple to administer and ideal for administration at the community or primary health care level as a first level of 'rule-out' screening. The MMSE can be included at a second stage of screening at the general hospital level and the CDT in specialist clinical settings. Sequential use of the SMCC and MMSE will improve the specificity of the former and the sensitivity of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramlall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Klekociuk SZ, Summers MJ. Lowered performance in working memory and attentional sub-processes are most prominent in multi-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment subtypes. Psychogeriatrics 2014; 14:63-71. [PMID: 24528806 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that working memory and attention deficits may be present in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the functional status of these domains within revised MCI subtypes remains unclear, particularly because previous studies have examined these cognitive domains with the same tests that were used to classify MCI subtypes. The aim of this study was to examine working memory and attention function in MCI subtypes on a battery of neuropsychological tests that were distinct from those used to classify MCI subtypes METHODS A total of 122 adults aged 60-90 years were classified at baseline as amnestic MCI, non-amnestic MCI, and multi-domain amnestic (a-MCI+). The attentional and working memory capacity of participants was examined using a battery of tests distinct from those used to classify MCI at screening. RESULTS The a-MCI+ group demonstrated the poorest performance on all working memory tasks and specific sub-processes of attention. The non-amnestic MCI group had lowered performance on visual span and complex sustained attention only. There was no evidence of either attentional or working memory impairment in the amnestic MCI participants. CONCLUSION When MCI cohorts are assessed on measures distinct from those used at classification, a-MCI+ subjects had the most compromised working memory and attention function. These results support previous findings that suggest a-MCI+ more closely resembles early stage Alzheimer's disease and those with a-MCI+ may be at increased rate of future cognitive decline compared to those with other MCI subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Z Klekociuk
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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Trustram Eve C, de Jager CA. Piloting and validation of a novel self-administered online cognitive screening tool in normal older persons: the Cognitive Function Test. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:198-206. [PMID: 23754255 DOI: 10.1002/gps.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subtle cognitive changes have been described that may predate the onset of clinically recognizable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may reflect pathological changes in the brain that are detectable up to 10 years before the onset of AD. Early screening for cognitive status can have benefits in terms of early management and prevention strategies for cognitive decline. METHOD A novel computerized cognitive screening tool, the Cognitive Function Test (CFT), was compared with established paper tests of episodic memory, executive function and processing speed, domains previously shown to be predictive of AD, with 50 normal participants, Mini Mental State Examination ≥24, mean age 58.1, SD 5.6 years (range 50-65). An online version, self-administered by 195 eligible respondents without significant memory complaints or dementia, was assessed. RESULTS Significant correlations (r = 0.75, p < 0.0001) were found between the CFT and paper tests in a pilot study, showing concurrent validity. The pilot computerized tests were compared with the online version, and no differences were found in mean scores on the total test and domain-specific scores using an algorithm derived from the pilot CFT scores, thus showing internal consistency and reliability of the online format. Norms and 1.5 SD cut-offs for the CFT are presented. CONCLUSION The online CFT was shown to be suitable for self-administration in online format (with a mouse response mode) for this midlife age group. Individuals may wish to monitor their cognitive performance before memory concerns are sufficient to warrant visiting a GP or memory clinic.
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Merrill DA, Siddarth P, Kepe V, Raja PV, Saito N, Ercoli LM, Miller KJ, Lavretsky H, Bookheimer SY, Barrio JR, Small GW. Vascular risk and FDDNP-PET influence cognitive performance. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 35:147-57. [PMID: 23380994 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of cerebrovascular risk and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology to cognition in pre-dementia has been extensively investigated and is well-established. Cerebrovascular risk can be measured using a Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) score, while positron emission tomography (PET) scans with 2-(1-{6-[(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-naphthyl}ethylidene)malononitrile (FDDNP) measure AD neuropathology (i.e., amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles). Here we report results of 75 healthy non-demented subjects (mean age, 63 years) who underwent neuropsychological testing, physical assessments, and FDDNP-PET scans. Controlling for AD family history, education, and APOE4 status in a general linear model, higher FSRP risk and global FDDNP-PET binding were each associated with poorer cognitive functioning. The interaction of FSRP and global FDDNP-PET binding was not significant in the model, indicating that stroke risk and plaque and tangle burden each contributed to worse cognitive performance. Within our healthy volunteers, age, blood pressure, and antihypertensive medication use were vascular risks that contributed significantly to the above findings. These findings suggest that even mild cerebrovascular risk may influence the extent of cognitive dysfunction in pre-dementia, along with amyloid-β and tau burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Merrill
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Longevity Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Klekociuk SZ, Summers MJ. The learning profile of persistent mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a potential diagnostic marker of persistent amnestic MCI. Eur J Neurol 2013; 21:470-7, e23-4. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Z. Klekociuk
- School of Psychology; University of Tasmania; Launceston TAS Australia
| | - M. J. Summers
- School of Psychology; University of Tasmania; Launceston TAS Australia
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre; School of Medicine; University of Tasmania; Hobart TAS Australia
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Parsey CM, Schmitter-Edgecombe M. Applications of technology in neuropsychological assessment. Clin Neuropsychol 2013; 27:1328-61. [PMID: 24041037 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2013.834971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Most neuropsychological assessments include at least one measure that is administered, scored, or interpreted by computers or other technologies. Despite supportive findings for these technology-based assessments, there is resistance in the field of neuropsychology to adopt additional measures that incorporate technology components. This literature review addresses the research findings of technology-based neuropsychological assessments, including computer- and virtual reality-based measures of cognitive and functional abilities. We evaluate the strengths and limitations of each approach, and examine the utility of technology-based assessments to obtain supplemental cognitive and behavioral information that may be otherwise undetected by traditional paper-and-pencil measures. We argue that the potential of technology use in neuropsychological assessment has not yet been realized, and continued adoption of new technologies could result in more comprehensive assessment of cognitive dysfunction and in turn, better informed diagnosis and treatments. Recommendations for future research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Parsey
- a Department of Psychology , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
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Studer J, Donati A, Popp J, von Gunten A. Subjective cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: association with personality traits. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 14:589-95. [PMID: 23992484 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM In normal aging, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) might reflect personality traits or affective states rather than objective cognitive decline. However, little is known on the correlates of SCD in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The present study investigates SCD in MCI patients and healthy older adults, and explores the association of SCD with personality traits, affective states, behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS), and episodic memory in patients with MCI as compared with healthy older adults. METHODS A total of 55 patients with MCI and 84 healthy older adults were recruited. Standard instruments were used to evaluate SCD, episodic memory, BPS and affective states. Premorbid and current personality traits were assessed by proxies using the NEO Personality Inventory Revised. RESULTS Patients with MCI generally reported SCD more often than healthy older adults. SCD was positively associated with depressive symptoms in both groups. With regard to personality, no significant relationship was found in the healthy older group, whereas agreeableness was significantly negatively related to SCD in the MCI group. No significant association was found between SCD and episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS SCD is more prevalent in patients with MCI than in the healthy elderly, but it does not reflect an objective cognitive impairment. SCD rather echoes depressive symptoms in both patients with MCI and healthy subjects. The negative association of SCD with agreeableness observed in patients with MCI could indicate that MCI patients scoring high on the agreeableness trait would not report SCD in order to prevent their relatives worrying about their increasing cognitive difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Studer
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulty in retrieving people's names is very common in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Such difficulty is often observed as the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon. The main aim of this study was to explore whether a famous people's naming task that elicited the TOT state can be used to discriminate between amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and normal controls. METHODS Eighty-four patients with aMCI and 106 normal controls aged over 50 years performed a task involving naming 50 famous people shown in pictures. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to study the relationships between aMCI and semantic and phonological measures in the TOT paradigm. RESULTS Univariate regression analyses revealed that all TOT measures significantly predicted aMCI. Multivariate analysis of all these measures correctly classified 70% of controls (specificity) and 71.6% of aMCI patients (sensitivity), with an AUC (area under curve ROC) value of 0.74, but only the phonological measure remained significant. This classification value was similar to that obtained with the Semantic verbal fluency test. CONCLUSIONS TOTs for proper names may effectively discriminate aMCI patients from normal controls through measures that represent one of the naming processes affected, that is, phonological access.
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Abstract
Rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have varied substantially, depending on the criteria used and the samples surveyed. The present investigation used a psychometric algorithm for identifying MCI and its stability to determine if low cognitive functioning was related to poorer longitudinal outcomes. The Advanced Cognitive Training of Independent and Vital Elders (ACTIVE) study is a multi-site longitudinal investigation of long-term effects of cognitive training with older adults. ACTIVE exclusion criteria eliminated participants at highest risk for dementia (i.e., Mini-Mental State Examination < 23). Using composite normative for sample- and training-corrected psychometric data, 8.07% of the sample had amnestic impairment, while 25.09% had a non-amnestic impairment at baseline. Poorer baseline functional scores were observed in those with impairment at the first visit, including a higher rate of attrition, depressive symptoms, and self-reported physical functioning. Participants were then classified based upon the stability of their classification. Those who were stably impaired over the 5-year interval had the worst functional outcomes (e.g., Instrumental Activities of Daily Living performance), and inconsistency in classification over time also appeared to be associated increased risk. These findings suggest that there is prognostic value in assessing and tracking cognition to assist in identifying the critical baseline features associated with poorer outcomes.
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Pietrzak RH, Scott JC, Harel BT, Lim YY, Snyder PJ, Maruff P. A process-based approach to characterizing the effect of acute alprazolam challenge on visual paired associate learning and memory in healthy older adults. Hum Psychopharmacol 2012; 27:549-58. [PMID: 23027677 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine that, when administered acutely, results in impairments in several aspects of cognition, including attention, learning, and memory. However, the profile (i.e., component processes) that underlie alprazolam-related decrements in visual paired associate learning has not been fully explored. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over study of healthy older adults, we used a novel, "process-based" computerized measure of visual paired associate learning to examine the effect of a single, acute 1-mg dose of alprazolam on component processes of visual paired associate learning and memory. RESULTS Acute alprazolam challenge was associated with a large magnitude reduction in visual paired associate learning and memory performance (d = 1.05). Process-based analyses revealed significant increases in distractor, exploratory, between-search, and within-search error types. Analyses of percentages of each error type suggested that, relative to placebo, alprazolam challenge resulted in a decrease in the percentage of exploratory errors and an increase in the percentage of distractor errors, both of which reflect memory processes. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that acute alprazolam challenge decreases visual paired associate learning and memory performance by reducing the strength of the association between pattern and location, which may reflect a general breakdown in memory consolidation, with less evidence of reductions in executive processes (e.g., working memory) that facilitate visual paired associate learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Pietrzak
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
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Koepsell TD, Monsell SE. Reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal or near-normal cognition: risk factors and prognosis. Neurology 2012; 79:1591-8. [PMID: 23019264 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31826e26b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to identify characteristics of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that are associated with a relatively high probability of reverting back to normal cognition, and to estimate the risk of future cognitive decline among those who revert. METHODS We first studied 3,020 individuals diagnosed with MCI on at least 1 visit to an Alzheimer's Disease Center in the United States. All underwent standardized Uniform Data Set evaluations at their first visit with an MCI diagnosis and on a subsequent visit, about 1 year later, at which cognitive status was reassessed. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of reverting from MCI back to normal cognition. We then estimated the risk of developing MCI or dementia over the next 3 years among those who had reverted, compared with individuals who had not had a study visit with MCI. RESULTS About 16% of subjects diagnosed with MCI reverted back to normal or near-normal cognition approximately 1 year later. Five characteristics assessed at the first MCI visit contributed significantly to a model predicting a return to normal cognition: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score, MCI type, Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) score, and APOE ε4 status. Survival analysis showed that the risk of retransitioning to MCI or dementia over the next 3 years was sharply elevated among those who had MCI and then improved, compared with individuals with no history of MCI. CONCLUSIONS Even in a cohort of patients seen at dementia research centers, reversion from MCI was fairly common. Nonetheless, those who reverted remained at increased risk for future cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Koepsell
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Silva D, Guerreiro M, Maroco J, Santana I, Rodrigues A, Bravo Marques J, de Mendonça A. Comparison of four verbal memory tests for the diagnosis and predictive value of mild cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2012; 2:120-31. [PMID: 22590473 PMCID: PMC3347876 DOI: 10.1159/000336224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be an early stage of a neurodegenerative disorder, particularly Alzheimer's disease, and the clinical diagnosis requires the objective demonstration of cognitive deficits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive value of MCI for the conversion to dementia when using four different verbal memory tests (Logical Memory, LM; California Verbal Learning Test, CVLT; Verbal Paired-Associate Learning, VPAL; and Digit Span, DS) in the MCI criteria. Methods Participants were consecutive patients with subjective cognitive complaints who performed a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and were not demented, observed in a memory clinic setting. Results At baseline, 272 non-demented patients reporting subjective cognitive complaints were included. During the follow-up time (3.0 ± 1.9 years), 58 patients converted to dementia and 214 did not. Statistically significant differences between the converters and non-converters were present in LM, VPAL, and CVLT. A multivariate Cox regression analysis combining the four memory tests revealed that only the CVLT test remained significant as a predictor of conversion to dementia. Non-demented patients with cognitive complaints diagnosed as having MCI according to abnormal (<1.5 SD) learning in the CVLT test had a 3.61 higher risk of becoming demented during the follow-up. Conclusion The verbal memory assessment using the CVLT should be preferred in the diagnostic criteria of MCI for a more accurate prediction of conversion to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Silva
- Dementia Clinics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon
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Small GW, Siddarth P, Kepe V, Ercoli LM, Burggren AC, Bookheimer SY, Miller KJ, Kim J, Lavretsky H, Huang SC, Barrio JR. Prediction of cognitive decline by positron emission tomography of brain amyloid and tau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 69:215-22. [PMID: 22332188 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether 2-(1-{6-[(2-fluorine 18-labeled fluoroethyl)methylamino]-2-napthyl}ethylidene) malononitrile ([(18)F]FDDNP) brain regional values in individuals without dementia predict and correlate with future cognitive change. DESIGN Two-year, longitudinal follow-up study. SETTING A university research institute. PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample of 43 middle-aged and older persons (median age, 64 years), including 21 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 22 with normal aging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Longitudinal [(18)F]FDDNP positron emission tomography (PET) binding values in the medial and lateral temporal, posterior cingulate, parietal, frontal, and global (mean) regions of interest; neuropsychological test battery measuring 5 cognitive domains, including memory, language, attention (and information-processing speed), executive functioning, and visuospatial ability. RESULTS For the entire study group (MCI and normal aging), increases in frontal, posterior cingulate, and global binding at follow-up correlated with progression of memory decline (r = -0.32 to -0.37, P = .03 to .01) after 2 years. Moreover, higher baseline [(18)F]FDDNP binding was associated with future decline in most cognitive domains, including language, attention, executive, and visuospatial abilities (r = -0.31 to -0.56, P = .05 to .002). For the MCI group, frontal and parietal [(18)F]FDDNP binding yielded the greatest diagnostic accuracy in identifying converters to Alzheimer disease vs nonconverters after 2 years, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.72-1.00) compared with 0.68 (95% CI, 0.45-0.91) for medial temporal binding. CONCLUSIONS [(18)F]FDDNP PET regional binding patterns are consistent with known neuropathologic patterns of plaque and tangle brain accumulation, spreading from the medial temporal to other neocortical regions as disease progresses. Because binding patterns predict future cognitive decline and increase over time along with clinical decline, [(18)F]FDDNP PET scanning may have practical utility in identifying people at risk for future cognitive decline and in tracking the effectiveness of novel interventions designed to prevent or delay neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Eschen A, Martin M, Gasser US, Kliegel M. Prospective and Retrospective Memory Complaints in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer's Disease. BRAIN IMPAIR 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/brim.10.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCurrent management attempts for Alzheimer's disease (AD) focus on the identification of individuals in the preclinical stage. This has led to the development of the diagnostic concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), which applies to individuals with declining cognitive abilities but largely preserved everyday functioning. Previous findings indicate that prospective memory deficits are a sensitive marker of preclinical AD and that awareness of prospective memory failures is particularly high, based on its dependence on executive functions. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of subjective prospective versus retrospective memory complaints for an initial screening for MCI and their respective associations with executive functions. 71 healthy older adults, 27 MCI patients, and 9 patients with mild AD completed the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and three executive functions tests. The healthy and the MCI group could not be distinguished by their level of subjective prospective or retrospective memory complaints, but the mild AD patients differed from the other groups by complaining more about retrospective than prospective memory failures. For the healthy older adults, the prospective memory complaints were correlated to an inhibition test, whereas they did not correlate with any of the executive function tests in the MCI patients. In contrast, in both groups the retrospective memory complaints were related to a task switching test. The findings are discussed with respect to differences between the three groups in cognitive abilities, attention to failures of, use of mnemonic aids for, and everyday demands of prospective and retrospective memory.
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Zhao SJ, Guo CN, Wang MQ, Chen WJ, Zhao YB. Serum levels of inflammation factors and cognitive performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a Chinese clinical study. Cytokine 2011; 57:221-5. [PMID: 22154514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for initiating timely therapy to block or slow the rate of disease progression. This study was designed to investigate the potential of inflammation-related biomarkers in peripheral blood to accurately reflect AD onset and progression. Individuals (n=150) with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were divided into two subgroups (low- and high-risk) based on APOEε4 allele carrier status, and administered a battery of neuropsychological tests and tested for serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ by using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results were compared with those from age-matched healthy controls (n=150). The levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in the aMCI group than in controls (P<0.01). When the aMCI group was stratified by APOEε4 status, significant differences were found between the low- and high-risk groups and controls in the levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ (P<0.01 and P=0.041, respectively). Moreover, the IL-6 level in the low-risk aMCI group was higher than that in the high-risk aMCI group (P=0.028). A weak but significant negative correlation was found between IL-6 and cognitive performance. Taken together, these findings indicate that IL-6, while not useful alone, has potential in combination with other biomarkers to support early diagnosis of aMCI due to its association with the progression of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, China
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Ready RE, Carvalho JO, Åkerstedt AM. Evaluative Organization of the Self-Concept in Younger, Midlife, and Older Adults. Res Aging 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0164027511415244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Showers’s model of evaluative organization is a fruitful way to conceptualize the self-concept and is related to self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and emotion regulation. In this study, the authors developed and piloted a card-sort measure to compare the evaluative organization of the self-concept in healthy older, midlife, and younger adults (approximately two thirds of participants were women). The results support the primary hypothesis that older adults would exhibit greater compartmentalization of the self-concept than younger and middle-aged persons. Older adults may think about their positive and negative self-aspects in a more differentiated fashion (i.e., categorize positive and negative self-aspects into separate roles) than younger and midlife persons, who are more integrative (i.e., categorize positive and negative self-aspects under the same role heading) in their self-concepts. The results are consistent with cognitive priming, memory, and emotion regulation studies, which suggest that the way persons organize information about themselves may be different in younger, midlife, and older adults.
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O'Donnell J, Pietrzak RH, Ellis KC, Snyder PJ, Maruff P. Understanding failure of visual paired associate learning in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2011; 33:1069-78. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2011.596821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade O'Donnell
- a School of Psychology , Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology , Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- b National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathryn C. Ellis
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J. Snyder
- d Lifespan Hospital System & Department of Neurology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, RI, USA
| | - Paul Maruff
- e Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- f CogState Ltd. , Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gómez-Ruiz I, Aguilar-Alonso A. Capacity of the Catalan and Spanish versions of the Bilingual Aphasia Test to distinguish between healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2011; 25:444-463. [PMID: 21453045 DOI: 10.3109/02699206.2011.560989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed the capacity of the Catalan and Spanish versions of the Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT) to distinguish between normal and pathological aging. Both versions of the test were administered to 45 bilingual subjects: 15 healthy aging subjects, 15 patients with mild cognitive impairment and 15 patients with Alzheimer's disease. To explore which combination of subtests was best suited to differentiate the three study groups, stepwise discriminant analyses were performed using each version of the Bilingual Aphasia Test separately and together. The percentages of properly classified subjects were as follows: 93.3% when the Spanish version was administered, 88.9% when the Catalan version was administered and 95.6% when both versions were used. The subtests that best classified the subjects were of the lexical-semantic type but also related to metalinguistic capacity and language organisation skills. The performance of each group in Catalan and Spanish was more similar than different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez-Ruiz
- Neurology Unit, Hospital General de L'Hospitalet, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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Zhao S, Guo C, Wang M, Chen W, Wu Y, Tang W, Zhao Y. A clinical memory battery for screening for amnestic mild cognitive impairment in an elderly chinese population. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:774-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.07.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhao S, Liu G, Shen Y, Zhao Y. Reasonable neuropsychological battery to identify mild cognitive impairment. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:50-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vandermorris S, Hultsch DF, Hunter MA, MacDonald SWS, Strauss E. Including Persistency of Impairment in Mild Cognitive Impairment Classification Enhances Prediction of 5-Year Decline. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2010; 26:26-37. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acq093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Adlam ALR, Patterson K, Bozeat S, Hodges JR. The Cambridge Semantic Memory Test Battery: detection of semantic deficits in semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurocase 2010; 16:193-207. [PMID: 20408046 DOI: 10.1080/13554790903405693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (a) to explore the utility of, and make more widely available, an updated and extended version of the Cambridge Semantic Memory test battery, and (b) to use this battery in conjunction with other tests to characterise the profile of several different forms of progressive cognitive impairment: semantic dementia (SD, n = 15), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 7), established Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 8), all in comparison to normal controls (n = 45). The semantic battery is useful in a variety of ways for exploring the nature of semantic deficits; on its own, however, it does not provide sensitive differentiation between patients with AD and SD. An assessment including measures of episodic memory and visuospatial abilities as well as the semantic battery is recommended for good characterisation of the cognitive profiles associated with SD and AD.
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Dierckx E, Engelborghs S, De Raedt R, Van Buggenhout M, De Deyn PP, Verté D, Ponjaert-Kristoffersen I. Verbal cued recall as a predictor of conversion to Alzheimer's disease in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009; 24:1094-100. [PMID: 19280679 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was set up to investigate whether neuropsychological tests are able to predict conversion to AD among Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. METHODS At baseline the cognitive part of the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMCOG), the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), a Dutch variation of Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test, the Memory Impairment Screen plus (MISplus) and the Visual Association Test (VAT) were administered to 40 patients diagnosed with MCI. After 18 months, MCI-patients were reassessed and a follow-up diagnosis was established. Of those who were seen for follow-up (n = 31), seven fulfilled (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria of probable AD, while 24 did not convert. RESULTS A binary logistic regression analysis showed that the MISplus contributed most to the prediction of conversion (OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.099-0.790). With a cut-off of 2 out of 6, a positive predictive value of 71.5%, a negative predictive value of 91.5% and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 87.0% were achieved. CONCLUSIONS This prospective, longitudinal study shows that a score of 0 or 1 out of 6 on the MISplus may be a good indicator of future (within 18 months) progression to AD among MCI-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dierckx
- Developmental and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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