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Lui KK, Dave A, Sprecher KE, Chappel-Farley MG, Riedner BA, Heston MB, Taylor CE, Carlsson CM, Okonkwo OC, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Bendlin BB, Mander BA, Benca RM. Older adults at greater risk for Alzheimer's disease show stronger associations between sleep apnea severity in REM sleep and verbal memory. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:102. [PMID: 38725033 PMCID: PMC11080222 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, hypoxemia during OSA has been implicated in cognitive impairment. OSA during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is usually more severe than in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but the relative effect of oxyhemoglobin desaturation during REM versus NREM sleep on memory is not completely characterized. Here, we examined the impact of OSA, as well as the moderating effects of AD risk factors, on verbal memory in a sample of middle-aged and older adults with heightened AD risk. METHODS Eighty-one adults (mean age:61.7 ± 6.0 years, 62% females, 32% apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) carriers, and 70% with parental history of AD) underwent clinical polysomnography including assessment of OSA. OSA features were derived in total, NREM, and REM sleep. REM-NREM ratios of OSA features were also calculated. Verbal memory was assessed with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Multiple regression models evaluated the relationships between OSA features and RAVLT scores while adjusting for sex, age, time between assessments, education years, body mass index (BMI), and APOE4 status or parental history of AD. The significant main effects of OSA features on RAVLT performance and the moderating effects of AD risk factors (i.e., sex, age, APOE4 status, and parental history of AD) were examined. RESULTS Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and oxyhemoglobin desaturation index (ODI) during REM sleep were negatively associated with RAVLT total learning and long-delay recall. Further, greater REM-NREM ratios of AHI, RDI, and ODI (i.e., more events in REM than NREM) were related to worse total learning and recall. We found specifically that the negative association between REM ODI and total learning was driven by adults 60 + years old. In addition, the negative relationships between REM-NREM ODI ratio and total learning, and REM-NREM RDI ratio and long-delay recall were driven by APOE4 carriers. CONCLUSION Greater OSA severity, particularly during REM sleep, negatively affects verbal memory, especially for people with greater AD risk. These findings underscore the potential importance of proactive screening and treatment of REM OSA even if overall AHI appears low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty K Lui
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Abhishek Dave
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kate E Sprecher
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Miranda G Chappel-Farley
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brady A Riedner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Margo B Heston
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chase E Taylor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Ruth M Benca
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Jonaitis EM, Jeffers B, VandenLangenberg M, Ma Y, Van Hulle C, Langhough R, Du L, Chin NA, Przybelski RJ, Hogan KJ, Christian BT, Betthauser TJ, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin BB, Asthana S, Carlsson CM, Johnson SC. CSF Biomarkers in Longitudinal Alzheimer Disease Cohorts: Pre-Analytic Challenges. Clin Chem 2024; 70:538-550. [PMID: 38431278 PMCID: PMC10908554 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sensitivity of amyloid to pre-analytic factors complicates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostics for Alzheimer disease. We report reliability and validity evidence for automated immunoassays from frozen and fresh CSF samples in an ongoing, single-site research program. METHODS CSF samples were obtained from 2 Wisconsin cohorts (1256 measurements; 727 participants). Levels of amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181), and total tau (tTau) were obtained using an Elecsys cobas e 601 platform. Repeatability and fixed effects of storage tube type, extraction method, and freezing were assessed via mixed models. Concordance with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) was investigated with 238 participants having a temporally proximal PET scan. RESULTS Repeatability was high with intraclass correlation (ICC) ≥0.9, but tube type strongly affected measurements. Discriminative accuracy for PET amyloid positivity was strong across tube types (area under the curve [AUC]: Aβ42, 0.87; pTau181Aβ42 , 0.96), although optimal thresholds differed. CONCLUSIONS Under real-world conditions, the Elecsys platform had high repeatability. However, strong effects of pre-analytic factors suggest caution in drawing longitudinal inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Beckie Jeffers
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Monica VandenLangenberg
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Carol Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rebecca Langhough
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lianlian Du
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nathaniel A Chin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Robert J Przybelski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kirk J Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Van Hulle C, Ince S, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin BB, Johnson SC, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Love S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Scott Miners J. Elevated CSF angiopoietin-2 correlates with blood-brain barrier leakiness and markers of neuronal injury in early Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:3. [PMID: 38182581 PMCID: PMC10770135 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of the neurovascular unit is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakiness contributing to cognitive decline and disease pathology in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular stability depends on angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT-1) signalling, antagonised by angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2) expressed upon endothelial injury. We examined the relationship between CSF ANGPT-2 and CSF markers of BBB leakiness and core AD biomarkers across three independent cohorts: (i) 31 AD patients and 33 healthy controls grouped according to their biomarker profile (i.e., AD cases t-tau > 400 pg/mL, p-tau > 60 pg/mL and Aβ42 < 550 pg/mL); (ii) 121 participants in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention or Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research study (84 participants cognitively unimpaired (CU) enriched for a parental history of AD, 20 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 17 with AD); (iii) a neurologically normal cohort aged 23-78 years with paired CSF and serum samples. CSF ANGPT-2, sPDGFRβ, albumin and fibrinogen levels were measured by sandwich ELISA. In cohort (i), CSF ANGPT-2 was elevated in AD and correlated with CSF t-tau and p-tau181 but not Aβ42. ANGPT-2 also correlated positively with CSF sPDGFRβ and fibrinogen - markers of pericyte injury and BBB leakiness. In cohort (ii), CSF ANGPT-2 was highest in MCI and correlated with CSF albumin in the CU and MCI cohorts but not in AD. CSF ANGPT-2 also correlated with CSF t-tau and p-tau and with markers of neuronal injury (neurogranin and α-synuclein) and neuroinflammation (GFAP and YKL-40). In cohort (iii), CSF ANGPT-2 correlated strongly with the CSF/serum albumin ratio. Serum ANGPT-2 showed non-significant positive associations with CSF ANGPT-2 and the CSF/serum albumin ratio. Together, these data indicate that CSF and possibly serum ANGPT-2 is associated with BBB leakiness in early AD and is closely related to tau pathology and neuronal injury. The utility of serum ANGPT-2 as a biomarker of BBB damage in AD requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Selvi Ince
- Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Scott Miners
- Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Patel V, Mill J, Okonkwo OC, Salamat S, Li L, Raife T. Global Energy Metabolism Deficit in Alzheimer Disease Brain. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:171-178. [PMID: 38230730 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been dominated by the amyloid hypothesis. However, therapies targeting beta-amyloid have largely failed, generating interest in other potential pathogenic factors including energy metabolism. OBJECTIVES To interrogate canonical energy metabolism pathways from human prefrontal cortical tissue samples obtained from necropsy comparing AD and control. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Postmortem pre-frontal cortical tissue from 10 subjects histologically diagnosed with AD and 10 control (CTRL) subjects was subjected to untargeted metabolomics to interrogate energy metabolism pathways. The samples were matched by age, sex, and post-mortem interval. Metabolite Measurements: Untargeted metabolomics analyses were via Metabolon®. RESULTS Glucose-derived energy metabolites in the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway and the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate were uniformly decreased in AD brain vs. CTRL brain. CONCLUSION This pilot study aimed to identify energy metabolism abnormalities using untargeted brain metabolomics in two independent subject cohorts. Our study revealed a pattern of global energy deficit in AD brain, supporting a growing body of evidence of deficient energy metabolism in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Patel
- Viharkumar Patel, University of California Davis Department of Pathology, 4400 V Street Suite 1114, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, E-mail:
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Hale MR, Langhough R, Du L, Hermann BP, Van Hulle CA, Carboni M, Kollmorgen G, Basche KE, Bruno D, Sanson-Miles L, Jonaitis EM, Chin NA, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin BB, Carlsson CM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Betthauser TJ, Johnson SC, Mueller KD. Associations between recall of proper names in story recall and CSF amyloid and tau in adults without cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 133:87-98. [PMID: 37925995 PMCID: PMC10842469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological measures sensitive to decline in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease are needed. We previously demonstrated that higher amyloid-beta (Aβ) assessed by positron emission tomography in adults without cognitive impairment was associated with recall of fewer proper names in Logical Memory story recall. The current study investigated the association between proper names and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (Aβ42/40, phosphorylated tau181 [pTau181], neurofilament light) in 223 participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. We assessed associations between biomarkers and delayed Logical Memory total score and proper names using binary logistic regressions. Sensitivity analyses used multinomial logistic regression and stratified biomarker groups. Lower Logical Memory total score and proper names scores from the most recent visit were associated with biomarker positivity. Relatedly, there was a 27% decreased risk of being classified Aβ42/40+/pTau181+ for each additional proper name recalled. A linear mixed effects model found that longitudinal change in proper names recall was predicted by biomarker status. These results demonstrate a novel relationship between proper names and Alzheimer's disease-cerebrospinal fluid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Hale
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lianlian Du
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carol A Van Hulle
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Kristin E Basche
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leah Sanson-Miles
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin M Jonaitis
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Chin
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kimberly D Mueller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Britton GB, Okonkwo OC. A fresh look at the multi-level social determinants of disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2023; 15:e12481. [PMID: 37719283 PMCID: PMC10504580 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle B. Britton
- Centro de NeurocienciasInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP)Panamá CityPanamá
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Department of Medicine and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
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7
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Miners J, van Hulle C, Ince S, Jonaitis E, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin B, Johnson S, Carlsson C, Asthana S, Love S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Elevated CSF angiopoietin-2 correlates with blood-brain barrier leakiness and markers of neuronal injury in early Alzheimer's disease. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2722280. [PMID: 37131622 PMCID: PMC10153378 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2722280/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Breakdown of the neurovascular unit in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to leakiness of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), contributing to cognitive decline and disease pathology. Vascular stability depends on angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1) signalling, antagonised by angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) upon endothelial injury. We have examined the relationship between CSF ANGPT2 and CSF markers of BBB leakiness and disease pathology, across three independent cohorts: (i) 31 AD patients and 33 healthy controls grouped according to their biomarker profile (i.e., AD cases t-tau > 400 pg/mL, p-tau > 60 pg/mL and Aβ42 < 550 pg/mL); (ii) 121 participants in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention or Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research study (84 participants cognitively unimpaired (CU) enriched for a parental history of AD, 19 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 21 with AD); (iii) a neurologically normal cohort aged 23-78 years with paired CSF and serum samples. CSF ANGPT2 level was measured by sandwich ELISA. In cohort (i), CSF ANGPT2 was elevated in AD, correlating with CSF t-tau and p-tau181 but not Aβ42. ANGPT2 also correlated positively with CSF sPDGFRβ and fibrinogen - markers of pericyte injury and BBB leakiness. In cohort (ii), CSF ANGPT2 was highest in MCI. CSF ANGT2 correlated with CSF albumin in the CU and MCI cohorts but not in AD. ANGPT2 also correlated with t-tau and p-tau and with markers of neuronal injury (neurogranin and α-synuclein) and neuroinflammation (GFAP and YKL-40). In cohort (iii), CSF ANGPT2 correlated strongly with the CSF:serum albumin ratio. Increased CSF ANGPT2 and the CSF:serum albumin ratio showed non-significant associations with elevated serum ANGPT2 in this small cohort. Together, these data indicate that CSF ANGPT2 is associated with BBB leakiness in early AD and is closely related to tau pathology and neuronal injury. The utility of serum ANGPT2 as a biomarker of BBB damage in AD requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Selvi Ince
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Erin Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - O C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Barbara Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Sterling Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
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8
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Edmunds KJ, Driscoll I, Hagen EW, Barnet JH, Ravelo LA, Plante DT, Gaitán JM, Lose SR, Motovylyak A, Bendlin BB, Okonkwo OC, Peppard PE. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuates the Deleterious Effects of Sleep Apnea on Cerebral Structure and Perfusion in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:427-435. [PMID: 37545229 PMCID: PMC10810251 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that age-related changes in cerebral health may be sensitive to vascular risk modifiers, such as physical activity and sleep. OBJECTIVE We examine whether cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity with MRI-assessed measures of cerebral structure and perfusion. METHODS Using data from a cross-sectional sample of participants (n = 129, 51% female, age range 49.6-85.3 years) in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort study, we estimated linear models of MRI-assessed total and regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, WM hyperintensity (WMH:ICV ratio), total lesion volume, and arterial spin labeling (ASL) cerebral blood flow (CBF), using an estimated measure of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and OSA severity as predictors. Participants' sleep was assessed using overnight in-laboratory polysomnography, and OSA severity was measured using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), or the mean number of recorded apnea and hypopnea events per hour of sleep. The mean±SD time difference between PSG data collection and MRI data collection was 1.7±1.5 years (range: [0, 4.9 years]). RESULTS OSA severity was associated with reduced total GM volume (β=-0.064; SE = 0.023; p = 0.007), greater total WM lesion volume (interaction p = 0.023), and greater WMHs (interaction p = 0.017) in less-fit subjects. Perfusion models revealed significant differences in the association of AHI and regional CBF between fitness groups (interaction ps < 0.05). CONCLUSION This work provides new evidence for the protective role of cardiorespiratory fitness against the deleterious effects of OSA on brain aging in late-middle age to older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Edmunds
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Psychology Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
| | - Erika W Hagen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Jodi H Barnet
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Laurel A Ravelo
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - David T Plante
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Julian M Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Sarah R Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Alice Motovylyak
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Paul E Peppard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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9
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Weiner MW, Veitch DP, Miller MJ, Aisen PS, Albala B, Beckett LA, Green RC, Harvey D, Jack CR, Jagust W, Landau SM, Morris JC, Nosheny R, Okonkwo OC, Perrin RJ, Petersen RC, Rivera‐Mindt M, Saykin AJ, Shaw LM, Toga AW, Tosun D, Trojanowski JQ. Increasing participant diversity in AD research: Plans for digital screening, blood testing, and a community-engaged approach in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 4. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:307-317. [PMID: 36209495 PMCID: PMC10042173 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) aims to validate biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. To improve generalizability, ADNI4 aims to enroll 50-60% of its new participants from underrepresented populations (URPs) using new biofluid and digital technologies. ADNI4 has received funding from the National Institute on Aging beginning September 2022. METHODS ADNI4 will recruit URPs using community-engaged approaches. An online portal will screen 20,000 participants, 4000 of whom (50-60% URPs) will be tested for plasma biomarkers and APOE. From this, 500 new participants will undergo in-clinic assessment joining 500 ADNI3 rollover participants. Remaining participants (∼3500) will undergo longitudinal plasma and digital cognitive testing. ADNI4 will add MRI sequences and new PET tracers. Project 1 will optimize biomarkers in AD clinical trials. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ADNI4 will improve generalizability of results, use remote digital and blood screening, and continue providing longitudinal clinical, biomarker, and autopsy data to investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dallas P. Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE)Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Melanie J. Miller
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE)Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul S. Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruce Albala
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Irvine School of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laurel A. Beckett
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert C. Green
- Division of GeneticsDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Broad Institute Ariadne Labs and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Susan M. Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - John C. Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Rachel Nosheny
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Monica Rivera‐Mindt
- Department of PsychologyLatin American and Latino Studies Institute, & African and African American StudiesFordham UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the PENN Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterCenter for Neurodegenerative ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro ImagingInstitute of Neuroimaging and InformaticsKeck School of Medicine of University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the PENN Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterCenter for Neurodegenerative ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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10
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McIntyre CC, Gaitán JM, Edmunds KJ, Lose SR, Bendlin BB, Sager M, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Okonkwo OC. Insulin Homeostasis Mediates the Relationship Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognitive Speed in Aging Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:577-584. [PMID: 37066914 PMCID: PMC10324047 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) supports cognition, though it is unclear what mechanisms underly this relationship. Insulin resistance adversely affects cognition but can be reduced with habitual exercise. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether insulin resistance statistically mediates the relationship between CRF and cognition. METHODS In our observational study, we included n = 1,131 cognitively unimpaired, nondiabetic older adults from a cohort characterized by elevated Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We estimated CRF (eCRF) using a validated equation that takes age, sex, body mass index, resting heart rate, and habitual physical activity as inputs. The Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) quantified insulin resistance. Standardized cognitive factor scores for cognitive speed/flexibility, working memory, verbal learning/memory, and immediate memory were calculated from a battery of neuropsychological tests. Linear regression models and bootstrapped estimates of indirect effects were used to determine whether HOMA-IR mediated significant relationships between eCRF and cognition. RESULTS eCRF was positively associated with cognitive speed/flexibility (p = 0.034). When controlling for HOMA-IR, eCRF was no longer associated with cognitive speed/flexibility (p = 0.383). HOMA-IR had a significant indirect effect on the eCRF-cognition relationship (B = 0.025, CI = [0.003,0.051]). eCRF was not associated with working memory (p = 0.236), immediate memory (p = 0.345), or verbal learning/memory (p = 0.650). CONCLUSION Among older adults at risk for AD, peripheral insulin resistance mediates the relationship between CRF and cognitive speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton C. McIntyre
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
- Department of Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
| | - Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Kyle J. Edmunds
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Sarah R. Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Mark Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
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11
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Driscoll I, Ma Y, Lose SR, Gallagher CL, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Hermann BP, Sager MA, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Carlsson CM, Engelman CD, Dubal DB, Okonkwo OC. AD-associated CSF biomolecular changes are attenuated in KL-VS heterozygotes. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2022; 14:e12383. [PMID: 36505396 PMCID: PMC9728548 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Dementia as an inevitable aging consequence has been challenged and underscores the need for investigations of the factors that confer resilience. We examine whether the functionally advantageous KL-VS variant of the putative aging suppressor KLOTHO gene attenuates age-related cognitive decline and deleterious biomolecular changes. Methods Trajectories of change in memory and executive function (N = 360; 2-12 visits) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers-amyloid beta (Aβ)42, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) (N = 112; 2-4 samplings)-were compared between KL-VS non-carriers and heterozygotes in middle-aged and older adults from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center studies. Results Memory and executive function declined (p's ≤ 0.001) and CSF t-tau, p-tau, t-tau/Aβ42, and p-tau/Aβ42 levels increased (all p's ≤ 0.004) with age. The rate of p-tau accumulation was attenuated for KL-VS heterozygotes (p = 0.03). Discussion KL-VS heterozygosity may confer resilience to AD-associated biomolecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Driscoll
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA,Department of PsychologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sarah R. Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Catherine L. Gallagher
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA,Department of NeurologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Bruce P. Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA,Department of NeurologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden,Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden,Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden,Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyQueen SquareLondonUK,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA,Departments of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteMadisonWisconsinUSA,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton VA HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
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12
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Edmunds KJ, Driscoll I, Hagen EW, Barnet JH, Ravelo LA, Plante DT, Gaitán JM, Lose SR, Motovylyak A, Okonkwo OC, Peppard PE. Cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates the deleterious effects of sleep apnea on cerebral structure, perfusion, and risk of Alzheimer’s disease in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort study. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.065810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Edmunds
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin ‐ Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Erika W Hagen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Jodi H Barnet
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Laurel A Ravelo
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - David T Plante
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sarah R Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Alice Motovylyak
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Paul E Peppard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
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13
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Frau L, Jonaitis EM, Koscik RL, Zuelsdorff M, Okonkwo OC, Bruno D. The role of Cognitive Reserve and depression on executive functions in older adults: a 10‐year longitudinal study. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.064997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Frau
- Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Nursing Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Davide Bruno
- Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool United Kingdom
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14
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Ashford MT, Raman R, Miller G, Donohue MC, Okonkwo OC, Mindt MR, Nosheny RL, Coker GA, Petersen RC, Aisen PS, Weiner MW. Screening and enrollment of underrepresented ethnocultural and educational populations in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2603-2613. [PMID: 35213778 PMCID: PMC9402812 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An analysis of the ethnocultural and socioeconomic composition of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants is needed to assess the generalizability of ADNI data to diverse populations. METHODS ADNI data collected between October 2004 and November 2020 were used to determine ethnocultural and educational composition of the sample and differences in the following metrics: screening, screen fails, enrollment, biomarkers. RESULTS Of 3739 screened individuals, 11% identified as being from ethnoculturally underrepresented populations (e.g., Black, Latinx) and 16% had <12 years of education. Of 2286 enrolled participants, 11% identified as ethnoculturally underrepresented individuals and 15% had <12 years of education. This participation is considerably lower than US Census data for adults 60+ (ethnoculturally underrepresented populations: 25%; <12 years of education: 4%). Individuals with <12 years of education failed screening at a higher rate. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that ADNI results may not be entirely generalizable to ethnoculturally diverse and low education populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam T. Ashford
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center - San Francisco (United States)
| | - Rema Raman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California - San Diego (United States)
| | - Garrett Miller
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California - San Diego (United States)
| | - Michael C. Donohue
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California - San Diego (United States)
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and The Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School Of Medicine And Public Health - Madison (United States)
| | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Psychology & Latin American Latino Studies Institute, Fordham University, Joint Appointment in Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai - New York (United States)
| | - Rachel L. Nosheny
- Department Of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco - San Francisco (United States)
| | - Godfrey A. Coker
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California - San Diego (United States)
| | | | - Paul S. Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California - San Diego (United States)
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Department Of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco - San Francisco (United States)
| | - Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at:http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf
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15
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Kohli A, Kecskemeti SR, Yang KL, Oh JM, Nair VA, Pasquesi M, Okonkwo OC, Alexander AL, Prabhakaran V, Li S, Bendlin BB. Higher cortical myelin is associated with worse performance on cognitive tests: Findings from the Alzheimer’s Disease Connectome Project. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kohli
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | - Kao Lee Yang
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Jennifer M. Oh
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | - Mary‐Elizabeth Pasquesi
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | | | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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16
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Gupta LE, Kohli A, Oh JM, Yang KL, Betthauser TJ, Chin NA, Nair VA, Prabhakaran V, Okonkwo OC, Li S, Bendlin BB. Poorer dexterity is associated with underlying Alzheimer’s disease brain pathology. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.069212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Eliza Gupta
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Akshay Kohli
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Jennifer M. Oh
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Kao Lee Yang
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Neuroscience and Public Policy Program, University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Veena A. Nair
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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17
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Rogalski EJ, Huentelman MJ, Roberts AC, Maher AC, McIlroy B, Van Ooteghem K, Finger E, Lim A, Okonkwo OC, Goldstein FC, Hajjar I, Parrish T, Scholtens D, Gutierrez S, Weintraub S, Geula C, Mesulam M. The SuperAging Research Initiative: A multisite consortium focused on identifying factors promoting extraordinary cognitive aging. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.066407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen‐ an Affiliate of City of Hope) Phoenix AZ USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Andrew Lim
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Felicia C Goldstein
- Emory University Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Atlanta GA USA
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Changiz Geula
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA
| | - M.‐Marsel Mesulam
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA
- Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
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18
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Zuelsdorff M, Van Hulle CA, McLester‐Davis LWY, Chin NA, Livingston S, Logan J, Carlsson CM, Okonkwo OC, Gleason CE, Bendlin BB, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Betthauser TJ. Relationships between psychosocial stress, cerebrospinal fluid markers of Alzheimer’s disease, and cognitive function in middle‐aged and older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.069307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Zuelsdorff
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Nursing Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | - Julianne Logan
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Nursing Madison WI USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Carey E. Gleason
- William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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19
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Edmunds KJ, Rogers CC, Pandos AA, Mamlouk GM, Motovylyak A, Johnson SC, Okonkwo OC. BDNF expression partially mediates greater verbal learning and memory ability in a cohort enriched with risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.068130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Edmunds
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Christine C Rogers
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Alyssa A Pandos
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Gabriella M Mamlouk
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Alice Motovylyak
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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20
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McIntyre CC, Gaitán JM, Edmunds KJ, Okonkwo OC. Role of insulin resistance in relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive speed/flexibility in older adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.062414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Connor McIntyre
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Kyle J Edmunds
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- University of Wisconsin ‐ Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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21
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Rowley HA, Rowley PA, Field AS, Johnson SC, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Chin NA, Bendlin BB, Okonkwo OC. Unexpected Findings from 8,205 Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examinations of Research Volunteers ≥ 40 years old. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.065845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard A. Rowley
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Paul A Rowley
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Aaron S Field
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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22
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Hale MR, Koscik RL, Du L, Hermann BP, Van Hulle CA, Suridjan I, Kollmorgen G, Basche KE, Bruno D, Sanson‐Miles L, Jonaitis EM, Chin NA, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin BB, Carlsson CM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Betthauser TJ, Johnson SC, Mueller KD. Associations between semantic memory for proper names in story recall and CSF amyloid and tau in a cognitively unimpaired sample. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.059439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Hale
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Lianlian Du
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Univeristy of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | - Kristin E Basche
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Davide Bruno
- Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Leah Sanson‐Miles
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL London United Kingdom
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Kimberly D Mueller
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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23
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Planalp EM, Okonkwo OC. Is 112 the New 10 000?-Step Count and Dementia Risk in the UK Biobank. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:973-974. [PMID: 36066878 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Planalp
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
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24
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Mander BA, Dave A, Lui KK, Sprecher KE, Berisha D, Chappel-Farley MG, Chen IY, Riedner BA, Heston M, Suridjan I, Kollmorgen G, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Carlsson CM, Okonkwo OC, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Bendlin BB, Benca RM. Inflammation, tau pathology, and synaptic integrity associated with sleep spindles and memory prior to β-amyloid positivity. Sleep 2022; 45:6603598. [PMID: 35670275 PMCID: PMC9758508 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Fast frequency sleep spindles are reduced in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms and functional relevance of these deficits remain unclear. The study objective was to identify AD biomarkers associated with fast sleep spindle deficits in cognitively unimpaired older adults at risk for AD. METHODS Fifty-eight cognitively unimpaired, β-amyloid-negative, older adults (mean ± SD; 61.4 ± 6.3 years, 38 female) enriched with parental history of AD (77.6%) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 positivity (25.9%) completed the study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of central nervous system inflammation, β-amyloid and tau proteins, and neurodegeneration were combined with polysomnography (PSG) using high-density electroencephalography and assessment of overnight memory retention. Parallelized serial mediation models were used to assess indirect effects of age on fast frequency (13 to <16Hz) sleep spindle measures through these AD biomarkers. RESULTS Glial activation was associated with prefrontal fast frequency sleep spindle expression deficits. While adjusting for sex, APOE ε4 genotype, apnea-hypopnea index, and time between CSF sampling and sleep study, serial mediation models detected indirect effects of age on fast sleep spindle expression through microglial activation markers and then tau phosphorylation and synaptic degeneration markers. Sleep spindle expression at these electrodes was also associated with overnight memory retention in multiple regression models adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS These findings point toward microglia dysfunction as associated with tau phosphorylation, synaptic loss, sleep spindle deficits, and memory impairment even prior to β-amyloid positivity, thus offering a promising candidate therapeutic target to arrest cognitive decline associated with aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Abhishek Dave
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kitty K Lui
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katherine E Sprecher
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Destiny Berisha
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Miranda G Chappel-Farley
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ivy Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brady A Riedner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Margo Heston
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruth M Benca
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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25
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Vesperman CJ, Wang R, Schultz SA, Law LL, Dougherty RJ, Ma Y, Oh JM, Edwards DF, Gallagher CL, Chin NA, Asthana S, Hermann BP, Sager MA, Johnson SC, Cook DB, Okonkwo OC. Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition in persons at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2022; 14:e12330. [PMID: 35845261 PMCID: PMC9270660 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study examined the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and longitudinal cognitive functioning in a cohort enriched with risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods A total of 155 enrollees in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention completed repeat comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations that assessed six cognitive domains. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was the primary measure of CRF. Random effects regression was used to investigate the effect of CRF on cognitive trajectories. Results Higher CRF was associated with slower decline in the cognitive domains of verbal learning and memory (P < .01) and visual learning and memory (P < .042). Secondary analyses indicated that these effects were stronger among men than women, and for noncarriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele. Discussion Higher CRF was associated with a slower rate of the decline in episodic memory that occurs as a natural consequence of aging in a cohort enriched with risk factors for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton J. Vesperman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Rui Wang
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesGIHStockholmSweden
- Department of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Stephanie A. Schultz
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of RadiologyWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Lena L. Law
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ryan J. Dougherty
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of EducationMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Oh
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Dorothy F. Edwards
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of EducationMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Catherine L. Gallagher
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Bruce P. Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Dane B. Cook
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of EducationMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Research ServiceWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Jonaitis EM, Zetterberg H, Koscik RL, Betthauser TJ, Van Hulle CA, Hogan K, Hegge L, Kollmorgen G, Suridjan I, Gleason CE, Engelman CD, Okonkwo OC, Asthana S, Bendlin BB, Carlsson CM, Johnson SC, Blennow K. Crosswalk study on blood collection-tube types for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2022; 14:e12266. [PMID: 35155728 PMCID: PMC8828996 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood-based Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers show promise, but pre-analytical protocol differences may pose problems. We examined seven AD blood biomarkers (amyloid beta [A β ] 42 ,A β 40 ,phosphorylated tau [ p - ta u 181 , total tau [t-tau], neurofilament light chain [NfL],A β 42 40 , andp - ta u 181 A β 42 ) in three collection tube types (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] plasma, heparin plasma, serum). METHODS Plasma and serum were obtained from cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid positron emission tomography-positive and -negative participants (N = 38) in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. We modeled AD biomarker values observed in EDTA plasma versus heparin plasma and serum, and assessed correspondence with brain amyloidosis. RESULTS Results suggested bias due to tube type, but crosswalks are possible for some analytes, with excellent model fit for NfL (R 2 = 0.94), adequate for amyloid (R 2 = 0.40-0.69), and weaker for t-tau (R 2 = 0.04-0.42) andp - ta u 181 (R 2 = 0.22-0.29). Brain amyloidosis differentiated several measures, especially EDTA plasmapTa u 181 A β 42 (d = 1.29). DISCUSSION AD biomarker concentrations vary by tube type. However, correlations for some biomarkers support harmonization across types, suggesting cautious optimism for use in banked blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Jonaitis
- School of Medicine and Public HealthWisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratoryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong KongChina
| | - Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- School of Medicine and Public HealthWisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Tobey J. Betthauser
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kirk Hogan
- Department of AnesthesiologySchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Laura Hegge
- School of Medicine and Public HealthWisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | | | - Carey E. Gleason
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- School of Medicine and Public HealthWisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- School of Medicine and Public HealthWisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratoryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
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27
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Dougherty RJ, Lose SR, Gaitán JM, Mergen BM, Chin NA, Okonkwo OC, Cook DB. Five-year changes in objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary time in mid-to-late adulthood. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:206-209. [PMID: 34822304 PMCID: PMC9169430 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examined 5-year changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary time in mid-to-late aged adults. Fifty-seven participants completed baseline and follow-up treadmill exercise tests and physical activity monitoring. We observed a 14% decline in fitness (p < 0.001), 12% decrease in physical activity (p = 0.010), and non-significant increase in sedentary time (p = 0.196). Age was negatively associated with 5-year change in physical activity (r = -0.31; p = 0.02) and this decline was strongest among APOE ε4 carriers (g = -0.75). Novelty: Cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity significantly declined from mid-to-late adulthood, these findings were most pronounced among older adults and those with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Dougherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah R. Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brandon M. Mergen
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dane B. Cook
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Motovylyak A, Vogt NM, Adluru N, Ma Y, Wang R, Oh JM, Kecskemeti SR, Alexander AL, Dean DC, Gallagher CL, Sager MA, Hermann BP, Rowley HA, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Bendlin BB, Okonkwo OC. Age-related differences in white matter microstructure measured by advanced diffusion MRI in healthy older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Aging Brain 2022; 2:100030. [PMID: 36908893 PMCID: PMC9999444 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is an advanced diffusion imaging technique, which can detect more distinct microstructural features compared to conventional Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). NODDI allows the signal to be divided into multiple water compartments and derive measures for orientation dispersion index (ODI), neurite density index (NDI) and volume fraction of isotropic diffusion compartment (FISO). This study aimed to investigate which diffusion metric-fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), NDI, ODI, or FISO-is most influenced by aging and reflects cognitive function in a population of healthy older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Age was significantly associated with all but one diffusion parameters and regions of interest. NDI and MD in the cingulate region adjacent to the cingulate cortex showed a significant association with a composite measure of Executive Function and was proven to partially mediate the relationship between aging and Executive Function decline. These results suggest that both DTI and NODDI parameters are sensitive to age-related differences in white matter regions vulnerable to aging, particularly among older adults at risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Motovylyak
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Vogt
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Nagesh Adluru
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Science, GIH, Lidingövägen 1, Box 5626, SE-11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer M. Oh
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Steven R. Kecskemeti
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew L. Alexander
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Douglas C. Dean
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Catherine L. Gallagher
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 610 Walnut St Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Bruce P. Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 610 Walnut St Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Howard A. Rowley
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Gaitán JM, Dubal DB, Okonkwo OC. Circulating klotho is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid, but not serum, among KLOTHO KL-VS allele carriers at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [PMID: 34971205 DOI: 10.1002/alz.058612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The klotho protein supports brain health and is encoded by the KLOTHO gene. The KL-VS allele modulates klotho protein secretion and function, but it is unknown how KL-VS genotype affects circulating klotho levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) among people at risk for AD. METHODS 1112 cognitively intact participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center underwent genotyping for KLOTHO KL-VS (non-carrier: KL-VSNC ; heterozygote: KL-VSHET ; homozygote: KL-VSHOM ) and APOE4 alleles. 1098 participants underwent venipuncture and 183 underwent lumbar puncture. Circulating klotho was measured by ELISA in serum and/or CSF. Linear regression adjusted for age and sex tested the effect of KL-VS genotype on klotho in serum or CSF. In a subset of 169 participants with both serum and CSF data, linear regression adjusted for time between specimen collections tested the effect of specimen source on klotho level. RESULTS Visual inspection for outliers excluded four high serum klotho values (range 2461.5-4171.3 pg/mL; two KL-VSNC , one KL-VSHET , one KL-VSHOM ); no CSF values were excluded. The mean participant age was 62.4 ± 6.6 and education was 15.8 ± 2.7 years. The majority were female (69.4%), White (92.6%), and had family history of dementia (72.6%), and 38.1% were APOE4 carriers. KL-VS genotype distribution was 73.1% KL-VSNC , 25.2% KL-VSHET , and 1.7% KL-VSHOM . Mean serum klotho in KL-VSNC was 800.8 ± 252.8 pg/mL and was not different in KL-VSHET (b=17.7, SE=17.5, p=.31) or KL-VSHOM (b=84.0, SE=58.1, p=.15). Mean CSF klotho in KL-VSNC was 932.2 ± 153.2 pg/mL and was significantly higher in KL-VSHET (b = 225.8, SE = 25.1, p< .001) and KL-VSHOM (b=327.8, SE=75.5, p< .001). Mean CSF klotho was significantly higher than serum klotho in the entire subset (b=162.8, SE=25.9), p< .001) and within each KL-VS genotype (p's< .05). CONCLUSIONS In adults at risk for AD, CSF klotho is elevated in heterozygotic and homozygotic carriers of the KLOTHO KL-VS allele. Serum levels are lower than CSF and did not differ by genotype. Klotho specimen source should be considered in analyses of circulating klotho on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dena B Dubal
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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30
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McIntyre CC, Okonkwo OC, Gaitán JM, Bendlin BB, Edmunds KJ. Effect of insulin resistance on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [PMID: 34971110 DOI: 10.1002/alz.058683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cognition have been found to be correlated, though it is unclear what mechanisms are responsible for this correlation. CRF and cognition are also closely related to insulin resistance. We investigated whether insulin resistance explains the relationship between CRF and cognition. METHOD This study included 1157 participants, all cognitively unimpaired and without history of diabetes. CRF was estimated using a validated equation that takes age, sex, BMI, resting heart rate, and self-reported physical activity habits as inputs. Insulin resistance was quantified by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Composite scores for executive function, immediate learning, delayed recall, and the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC3) were calculated from neuropsychological tests administered by trained technicians. For each cognitive score, linear regression models were utilized to test the influence of CRF on cognition. Mediation analyses were performed to determine whether HOMA-IR contributed to significant associations between CRF and cognition. All analyses controlled for age, sex, years of education, familial history of Alzheimer's disease, and Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carriage. Bootstrapped confidence intervals were used to estimate the effect of HOMA-IR on the CRF/cognition relationship. RESULT The sample was comprised of 69.8% females and 38.7% APOE4 carriers with a mean age of 64.5 ± 7.2 years and a mean 16.3 ± 2.8 years of education. CRF was positively associated with executive function (total effect: B=.015, SE=.005, p=.003), but was not associated with immediate learning (p=.920), delayed recall (p=.970), or PACC3 (p=.258). HOMA-IR was further investigated as a mediator between CRF and executive function. CRF was negatively associated with HOMA-IR (B=-.241, SE=.013, p<.001) and HOMA-IR had a non-significant negative association with executive function (B=-.013, SE=.012, p=.264). While adjusting for HOMA-IR as a mediator, the association of CRF with executive function was positive and significant (direct effect: B=.012, SE=.006 p=.040). The bootstrapped estimate of the effect of HOMA-IR on the CRF/executive function relationship was insignificant (B=.0031, CI = [-.0020, .0087]). CONCLUSION HOMA-IR did not significantly mediate the relationship between CRF and executive function among individuals at heightened risk for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Connor McIntyre
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julian M Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kyle J Edmunds
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
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31
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Czaplicki AM, Gaitán JM, Bendlin BB, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Dubal DB, Okonkwo OC. The Interaction between Ventricle to Brain Ratio and Serum Klotho on Cognition in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [PMID: 34971126 DOI: 10.1002/alz.058632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricle to brain volume ratio (VBR) may be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and is a robust correlate of cognition in AD. Klotho is a circulating protein positively associated with cognition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serum klotho attenuates the adverse effect of higher VBR on cognition in older adults at risk for AD. METHOD This study included 359 cognitively unimpaired participants from the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (mean age = 61.8 ± 6.5, 67% female). VBR was calculated from structural T1 MRI scans as the ratio of total ventricle volume to the sum of grey and white matter. Fasting venipuncture was conducted and analyzed for serum klotho. Neuropsychological examination was conducted for global cognition (PACC3) and composite scores were calculated for executive function, immediate learning, and delayed recall. Linear regression models were performed to assess the effect of VBR on cognition, accounting for APOE, gender, age, and time difference between MRI and serum klotho measurements. Next, models were fitted with an interaction for VBR x klotho. Follow-up analyses, stratified by median age (63.2 years), assessed age-specific effects. RESULT Higher VBR predicted poorer delayed recall (β(SE)=-6.3(3.1); p=.043), but not global cognition (β(SE)=-4.9(3.0); p=.101), executive function (β(SE)=-4.4(3.3); p=.178), or immediate learning (β(SE)=-4.4(3.3); p=.185). Significant VBR x klotho interactions existed for global cognition (p=.024) and executive function (p=.009) whereby higher serum klotho attenuated the adverse effect of VBR. This effect was absent for immediate learning (p=.162) and delayed recall (p=.267). Among older participants, VBR predicted worse global cognition (β=-7.4; p=.055), executive function (B=-8.8; p=.048), and nearly delayed recall (β=-8.1; p=.061), but not for immediate learning (p=.521). There were no effects among younger individuals (all p's ≥ .203). Lastly, the VBR x klotho interaction on executive function was significant among older participants (p=.037). CONCLUSION Serum klotho may protect against the adverse effect of high VBR on cognition, particularly among older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec M Czaplicki
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julian M Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dena B Dubal
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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32
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Gaitán JM, Asthana S, Carlsson CM, Engelman CD, Johnson SC, Sager MA, Wang D, Dubal DB, Okonkwo OC. Circulating Klotho Is Higher in Cerebrospinal Fluid than Serum and Elevated Among KLOTHO Heterozygotes in a Cohort with Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1557-1569. [PMID: 36314202 PMCID: PMC10139824 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho is a longevity and neuroprotective hormone encoded by the KLOTHO gene, and heterozygosity for the KL-VS variant confers a protective effect against neurodegenerative disease. OBJECTIVE Test whether klotho concentrations in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) vary as a function of KLOTHO KL-VS genotype, determine whether circulating klotho concentrations from serum and CSF differ from one another, and evaluate whether klotho levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors. METHODS Circulating klotho was measured in serum (n = 1,116) and CSF (n = 183) of cognitively intact participants (aged 62.4 ± 6.5 years; 69.5% female). KLOTHO KL-VS zygosity (non-carrier; heterozygote; homozygote) was also determined. Linear regression was used to test whether klotho hormone concentration varied as a function of KL-VS genotype, specimen source, and demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Serum and CSF klotho were higher in KL-VS carriers than non-carriers. Klotho concentration was higher in CSF than in serum. Females had higher serum and CSF klotho, while younger age was associated with higher klotho in CSF. CONCLUSION In a cohort enriched for risk for Alzheimer's disease, heterozygotic and homozygotic carriers of the KL-VS allele, females, and younger individuals have higher circulating klotho. Fluid source, KL-VS genotype, age, and sex should be considered in analyses of circulating klotho on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 707, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise is positively associated with mood and cognition, but its effect on protection against decline in mood and cognition in late-middle aged adults at risk for Alzheimers disease (AD) is unknown. METHOD 23 late-middle aged adults from a cohort enriched with family history of AD and the APOE4 allele were randomized into Usual or Enhanced Physical Activity (PA) groups. Enhanced PA completed a progressive 26-week supervised aerobic exercise program at 70-80% heart rate reserve for 50 minutes, 3 times per week to achieve or exceed public health guidelines. Usual PA only received materials regarding active lifestyle. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) assessed total mood disturbance (TMD), characterized by fatigue, depression, tension, confusion, anger, and vigor. The California Verbal Learning Test II (CVLT-II) measured verbal learning and memory via the total, short, and long delayed recall, and learning slope. The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) assessed executive function via the trail-making, color-word interference (CWI), verbal fluency, and tower subtests. Graded treadmill exercise testing assessed cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and triaxial accelerometry measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Independent samples t-tests between groups and Pearson's correlations were conducted on baseline to post-intervention change scores. RESULT Fatigue decreased significantly in Enhanced PA compared to Usual PA (-1.18 ± 4.05 vs 2.92 ± 2.68, p= .009), and the decreases in TMD (-7.64 ± 17.78 vs 6.00 ± 16.42, p=.07) and tension (-2.00 ± 4.41 vs 0.67 ± 2.39, p= .08) among Enhanced PA were nearly significant. Changes in other mood subcategories and in cognition were not different between groups (all p's> .15), except improved executive function on the DKEFS CWI as previously published (Gaitán et al. 2019). Correlations of mood with verbal learning and memory or executive function were not significant (all r's < .17, all p's> .44). Correlations of mood or cognition with CRF or MVPA were not significant (p's> .175), except between DKEFS CWI and CRF as previously published (Gaitán et al. 2019). CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise training may protect against fatigue in adults at risk for AD. However, change in mood was not associated with cognitive changes in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia L Brach
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julian M Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Fleming V, Piro‐Gambetti B, Patrick AM, Zammit MD, Alexander AL, Christian BT, Handen BL, Cohen AD, Klunk WE, Laymon CM, Okonkwo OC, Ances BM, Plante DT, Hartley SL. Physical activity, cognitive decline and biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.049368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fleming
- University of Wisconsin ‐ Madison, School of Human Ecology Madison WI USA
- Waisman Center Madison WI USA
| | - Brianna Piro‐Gambetti
- University of Wisconsin ‐ Madison, School of Human Ecology Madison WI USA
- Waisman Center Madison WI USA
| | - Austin M Patrick
- Waisman Center Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Department of Medical Physics Madison WI USA
| | - Matthew D Zammit
- Waisman Center Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Waisman Center Madison WI USA
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Waisman Center Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Department of Medical Physics Madison WI USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Waisman Center Madison WI USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Benjamin L Handen
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry Pittsburgh PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Beau M. Ances
- Washington University at St. Louis, Department of Neurology St. Louis MO USA
| | - David T Plante
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry Madison WI USA
| | - Sigan L Hartley
- University of Wisconsin ‐ Madison, School of Human Ecology Madison WI USA
- Waisman Center Madison WI USA
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35
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Heston MB, Gaitán JM, Ma Y, Oh JM, Jen M, Derynda BR, Lose S, Kozuch MP, Johnson KM, Okonkwo OC, Gretebeck KA, Gretebeck RJ, Bendlin BB. Exercise and carbohydrate‐restricted diet associates with improved cerebral blood flow. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.055223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margo B. Heston
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Jennifer M. Oh
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Mu‐lan Jen
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Brittany R Derynda
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Sarah Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Michael P. Kozuch
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Kevin M. Johnson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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Windon C, Iaccarino L, Allen IE, Boxer AL, Byrd D, Okonkwo OC, Weiner MW, Mindt MR, Rabinovici GD. Comparison of plasma and CSF biomarkers across ethnoracial groups in ADNI. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.056590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Windon
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Isabel Elaine Allen
- Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Adam L. Boxer
- University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Mike W. Weiner
- University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
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Cody KA, Betthauser TJ, Hulle CA, Koscik RL, Jonaitis EM, Clark LR, Chin NA, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin BB, Asthana S, Suridjan I, Kollmorgen G, Zetterberg H, Carlsson CM, Blennow K, Johnson SC. CSF amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration biomarkers are associated with longitudinal cognitive decline in preclinical AD. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.055486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karly Alex Cody
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Tobey J. Betthauser
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Carol A. Hulle
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Rebecca L. Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Lindsay R. Clark
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute Fluid Biomarkers Laboratory UK DRI at UCL London United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
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Gaitán JM, Dougherty RJ, Lose S, Maxa KM, Vesperman CJ, Cook DB, Okonkwo OC. Cardiorespiratory fitness bolsters cerebrovascular health in adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.049630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ryan J Dougherty
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Education Madison WI USA
| | - Sarah Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Kaitlin M Maxa
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Clayton J Vesperman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Dane B Cook
- University of Wisconsin School of Education Madison WI USA
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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39
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Edmunds KJ, Mamlouk GM, Okonkwo OC, Rogers CC. BDNF shown to partially mediate greater verbal learning performances in women as compared to men in a cohort enriched with risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.052229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Edmunds
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Madison WI USA
| | | | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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40
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Adluru N, Nair VA, Prabhakaran V, Bashyam V, Li S, Okonkwo OC, Davidson RJ, Alexander AL, Bendlin BB. Characterizing brain age in the Alzheimer's disease connectome project using a deep neural network pre‐trained on the UK Biobank. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.057535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | - Andrew L. Alexander
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin ‐ Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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41
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Dougherty RJ, Jonaitis EM, Johnson SC, Okonkwo OC, Cook DB. Cardiorespiratory fitness mitigates brain atrophy and cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.053971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Dougherty
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Erin M Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Dane B Cook
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans' Hospital Madison WI USA
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42
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Ashford MT, Miller G, Raman R, Donohue MC, Okonkwo OC, Mindt MR, Nosheny RL, Petersen RC, Aisen PS, Weiner MW. The screening and enrollment of underrepresented ethnoracial and educational populations in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.057424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam T Ashford
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE) San Francisco CA USA
- VA Advanced Imaging Research Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco CA USA
| | - Garrett Miller
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | - Rema Raman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
- University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | - Michael C Donohue
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Fordham University New York NY USA
| | - Rachel L Nosheny
- VA Advanced Imaging Research Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco CA USA
- University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
- University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | - Mike W Weiner
- VA Advanced Imaging Research Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco CA USA
- University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
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43
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Baker LD, Cotman CW, Morrison RH, Katula JA, Chmelo E, Hodge H, Johnson C, Kipperman SA, Matthews G, Bennett D, Mason J, LaCroix AZ, van Dyck CH, Okonkwo OC, Tam SP, Fairchild JK, Li C, Welsh‐Bohmer KA, Feldman H. EXERT: Impact of COVID‐19 on retention and intervention delivery of a large multisite exercise trial in adults with MCI. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [PMCID: PMC9011773 DOI: 10.1002/alz.056518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background EXERT, a multisite 18‐month RCT, is testing the effects of aerobic exercise vs. stretching on cognition and AD biomarkers in sedentary adults with MCI. In the first 12 months, participant exercise 2x/week under the supervision of YMCA trainers, and 2x/week on their own. In months 13‐18, participants continue to exercise 4x/week but without supervision. Here we describe the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on delivery of this support‐intensive intervention that involved many challenges but also opportunities for innovation. Method In February 2020, EXERT met the recruitment goal with 296 enrolled. In March 2020 when COVID‐19 incidence rates began to climb in the US, study assessments and per‐protocol intervention delivery were paused. During the pause, all YMCAs were closed, and the majority of study‐certified YMCA trainers were furloughed. Result At the time of the pause (March 23), 153 participants were in the supervised phase of the study, and 65 participants were in the unsupervised phase. To keep participants engaged and encourage adherence to the intervention, sites initiated weekly calls with active participants to provide support, address barriers to exercise and collect self‐report adherence data. By September, 7 of 14 sites resumed study activities. Weekly call completion rates during the pause exceeded 85%, and participants reported completing a mean of 3.3 40‐minute exercise sessions per week. On these calls, participants frequently expressed gratitude for the regular contact. By February 2021, all sites resumed activities despite COVID infection rates that have continued to climb across the US. In response, supervised exercise for the majority of participants was transitioned from in‐person to web‐conferencing. Even with this change that can be challenging for MCI, supervised session adherence rates are 72% for the aerobic group and 79% for the stretching group. Retention has remained high at 87%. Conclusion The COVID‐19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges, but it also provided unique opportunities to adapt intervention delivery so that a community‐based exercise trial could continue – even during a debilitating global health crisis. EXERT’s adaptations may ultimately impact resilience of the intervention to even the most challenging of circumstances that older adults with MCI will face now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | | | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | - Clara Li
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | | | - Howard Feldman
- Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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Betthauser TJ, Koscik RL, Jonaitis EM, Van Hulle CA, Basche KE, Kohli A, Suridjan I, Kollmorgen G, Chin NA, Mueller KD, Clark LR, Christian BT, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin BB, Asthana S, Carlsson CM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Johnson SC. Amyloid time: Quantifying the onset of abnormal biomarkers and cognitive impairment along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.056269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobey J. Betthauser
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Rebecca L. Koscik
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Kristin E. Basche
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Akshay Kohli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Kimberly D. Mueller
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin ‐ Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Lindsay R. Clark
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Bradley T. Christian
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL London United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square London United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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Eierman AC, Cole A, Van Hulle CA, Ma Y, Lazar KK, Carlsson CM, Chin NA, Asthana S, Blazel H, Bendlin BB, Okonkwo OC, Edwards DF, Wahoske ML, Johnson SC, Gleason CE. The influence of race on intraprocedural complication and side effect rates of lumbar punctures. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.051925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison C. Eierman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA Madison WI USA
| | - Aleshia Cole
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA Madison WI USA
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA Madison WI USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Karen K. Lazar
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Hanna Blazel
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Dorothy Farrar Edwards
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA Madison WI USA
| | - Michelle L. Wahoske
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA Madison WI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Carey E. Gleason
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
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Wang R, Oh JM, Motovylyak A, Ma Y, Sager MA, Rowley HA, Johnson KM, Gallagher CL, Carlsson CM, Bendlin BB, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Eisenmenger L, Okonkwo OC. Impact of sex and APOE ε4 on age-related cerebral perfusion trajectories in cognitively asymptomatic middle-aged and older adults: A longitudinal study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:3016-3027. [PMID: 34102919 PMCID: PMC8545048 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211021313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion is thought to contribute to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, but the natural trajectory of cerebral perfusion in cognitively healthy adults has not been well-studied. This longitudinal study is consisted of 950 participants (40-89 years), who were cognitively unimpaired at their first visit. We investigated the age-related changes in cerebral perfusion, and their associations with APOE-genotype, biological sex, and cardiometabolic measurements. During the follow-up period (range 0.13-8.24 years), increasing age was significantly associated with decreasing cerebral perfusion, in total gray-matter (β=-1.43), hippocampus (-1.25), superior frontal gyrus (-1.70), middle frontal gyrus (-1.99), posterior cingulate (-2.46), and precuneus (-2.14), with all P-values < 0.01. Compared with male-ɛ4 carriers, female-ɛ4 carriers showed a faster decline in global and regional cerebral perfusion with increasing age, whereas the age-related decline in cerebral perfusion was similar between male- and female-ɛ4 non-carriers. Worse cardiometabolic profile (i.e., increased blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, and blood glucose) was associated with lower cerebral perfusion at all the visits. When time-varying cardiometabolic measurements were adjusted in the model, the synergistic effect of sex and APOE-ɛ4 on age-related cerebral perfusion-trajectories became largely attenuated. Our findings demonstrate that APOE-genotype and sex interactively impact cerebral perfusion-trajectories in mid- to late-life. This effect may be partially explained by cardiometabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Science, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer M Oh
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alice Motovylyak
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Howard A Rowley
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Catherine L Gallagher
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura Eisenmenger
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Shadyab AH, LaCroix AZ, Feldman HH, van Dyck CH, Okonkwo OC, Tam SP, Fairchild JK, Welsh‐Bohmer KA, Matthews G, Bennett D, Shadyab AA, Schafer KA, Morrison RH, Kipperman SA, Mason J, Tan D, Thomas RG, Cotman CW, Baker LD. Recruitment of a multi-site randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise for older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: The EXERT trial. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1808-1817. [PMID: 34297895 PMCID: PMC9292825 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective strategies to recruit older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) into nonpharmacological intervention trials are lacking. METHODS Recruitment for EXERT, a multisite randomized controlled 18-month trial examining the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive trajectory in adults with amnestic MCI, involved a diverse portfolio of strategies to enroll 296 participants. RESULTS Recruitment occurred September 2016 through March 2020 and was initially slow. After mass mailings of 490,323 age- and geo-targeted infographic postcards and brochures, recruitment rates increased substantially, peaking at 16 randomizations/month in early 2020. Mass mailings accounted for 52% of randomized participants, whereas 25% were recruited from memory clinic rosters, electronic health records, and national and local registries. Other sources included news broadcasts, public service announcements (PSA), local advertising, and community presentations. DISCUSSION Age- and geo-targeted mass mailing of infographic materials was the most effective approach in recruiting older adults with amnestic MCI into an 18-month exercise trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrea Z. LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Howard H. Feldman
- Department of NeurosciencesAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative StudyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Steven P. Tam
- University of California, Irvine School of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - J. Kaci Fairchild
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kathleen A. Welsh‐Bohmer
- Department of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Genevieve Matthews
- Department of NeurosciencesAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative StudyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel Bennett
- Department of NeurosciencesAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative StudyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexandre A. Shadyab
- Department of NeurosciencesAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative StudyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kimberly A. Schafer
- Department of NeurosciencesAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative StudyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rosemary H. Morrison
- Department of NeurosciencesAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative StudyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sean A. Kipperman
- Department of NeurosciencesAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative StudyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer Mason
- Department of NeurosciencesAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative StudyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Donna Tan
- Department of NeurosciencesAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative StudyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ronald G. Thomas
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA,Department of NeurosciencesAlzheimer's Disease Cooperative StudyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carl W. Cotman
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laura D. Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine‐GeriatricsWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
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Edmunds KJ, Okonkwo OC, Sigurdsson S, Lose SR, Gudnason V, Carraro U, Gargiulo P. Soft tissue radiodensity parameters mediate the relationship between self-reported physical activity and lower extremity function in AGES-Reykjavík participants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20173. [PMID: 34635746 PMCID: PMC8505499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have highlighted the association between physical activity and lower extremity function (LEF) in elderly individuals, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain debated. Our recent work has recognized the utility of nonlinear trimodal regression analysis (NTRA) parameters in characterizing changes in soft tissue radiodensity as a quantitative construct for sarcopenia in the longitudinal, population-based cohort of the AGES-Reykjavík study. For the present work, we assembled a series of prospective multivariate regression models to interrogate whether NTRA parameters mediate the 5-year longitudinal relationship between physical activity and LEF in AGES-Reykjavík participants. Healthy elderly volunteers from the AGES-Reykjavík cohort underwent mid-thigh X-ray CT scans along with a four-part battery of LEF tasks: normal gait speed, fastest-comfortable gait speed, isometric leg strength, and timed up-and-go. These data were recorded at two study timepoints which were separated by approximately 5 years: AGES-I (n = 3157) and AGES-II (n = 3098). Participants in AGES-I were likewise administered a survey to approximate their weekly frequency of engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PAAGES-I). Using a multivariate mediation analysis framework, linear regression models were assembled to test whether NTRA parameters mediated the longitudinal relationship between PAAGES-I and LEFAGES-II; all models were covariate-adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and baseline LEF, and results were corrected for multiple statistical comparisons. Our first series of models confirmed that all four LEF tasks were significantly related to PAAGES-I; next, modelling the relationship between PAAGES-I and NTRAAGES-II identified muscle amplitude (Nm) and location (μm) as potential mediators of LEF to test. Finally, adding these two parameters into our PAAGES-I → LEFAGES-II models attenuated the prior effect of PAAGES-I; bootstrapping confirmed Nm and μm as significant partial mediators of the PAAGES-I → LEFAGES-II relationship, with the strongest effect found in isometric leg strength. This work describes a novel approach toward clarifying the mechanisms that underly the relationship between physical activity and LEF in aging individuals. Identifying Nm and μm as significant partial mediators of this relationship provides strong evidence that physical activity protects aging mobility through the preservation of both lean tissue quantity and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Edmunds
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Sarah R Lose
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association (Hjartavernd), Kópavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ugo Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Gargiulo
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík University, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Science, Landspítali, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Driscoll I, Ma Y, Gallagher CL, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Hermann BP, Sager MA, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Carlsson CM, Engelman CD, Dubal DB, Okonkwo OC. Age-Related Tau Burden and Cognitive Deficits Are Attenuated in KLOTHO KL-VS Heterozygotes. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1369-1370. [PMID: 34250957 DOI: 10.3233/jad-219006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ira Driscoll
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Catherine L Gallagher
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Departments of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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50
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Dougherty RJ, Jonaitis EM, Gaitán JM, Lose SR, Mergen BM, Johnson SC, Okonkwo OC, Cook DB. Cardiorespiratory fitness mitigates brain atrophy and cognitive decline in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2021; 13:e12212. [PMID: 34268447 PMCID: PMC8274307 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may mitigate Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. This study examined the longitudinal associations of CRF with brain atrophy and cognitive decline in a late-middle-aged cohort of adults at risk for AD. METHODS One hundred ten cognitively unimpaired adults (66% female, mean age at baseline 64.2 ± 5.7 years) completed a baseline graded treadmill exercise test, two brain magnetic resonance imaging scans (over 4.67 ± 1.17 years), and two to three cognitive assessments (over 3.26 ± 1.02 years). Linear mixed effects models examined the longitudinal associations adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Participants with higher baseline CRF had slower annual decline in total gray matter volume (P = .013) and cognitive function (P = .048), but not hippocampal volume (P = .426). Exploratory analyses suggested these effects may be stronger among apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. DISCUSSION CRF is a modifiable physiological attribute that may be targeted during the preclinical phase of AD in effort to delay disease progression, perhaps most effectively among those with genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Dougherty
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sarah R. Lose
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Brandon M. Mergen
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Dane B. Cook
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of EducationMadisonWisconsinUSA
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