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Diachina AK, Neupert SD. Daily stressor forecasting and anticipatory coping: Within-Person processes in age differences in positive emotional reactivity. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2407-2415. [PMID: 34766545 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1998353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Whereas previous work has almost exclusively focused on negative emotional reactivity to daily stressors, we focus on positive emotional reactivity - changes in positive emotions in response to a stressor. We examine daily forecasting and anticipatory coping for next-day home-related stressors within the temporal space before stressors to examine positive emotional reactivity in younger and older adults.Methods: We recruited 107 younger (M age = 19.44, range 18-36) and 116 older (M age = 64.71, range 60-90) participants who completed a nine day daily online diary for 1,627 total days. Participants reported demographics on Day 1 and then stressor forecasts, anticipatory coping, stressor exposure, and positive affect on Days 2-9.Results: Older adults had more positive affect when using outcome fantasy for next-day home stressors compared to younger adults, but forecasting a home stressor was associated with a stronger increase in positive affect for younger adults compared to older adults.Conclusion: These results reveal complex and dynamic links that exist in age differences in stressor forecasting, anticipatory coping, and their association with positive affect. The context of daily stressors is important to understand the nuances of matching stressor forecasts and anticipatory coping for positive emotional well-being in younger and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Diachina
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shevaun D Neupert
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Rodrigues JM, Santos C, Ventura C, Machado J. Mental Health Benefits of a Traditional Vegetative Biofeedback Therapy Online Program during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1843. [PMID: 36292291 PMCID: PMC9601422 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandatory lockdown resulting from a pandemic may be effective against the physical impact of the virus; however, the resulting mental strains can lead to the development of several mental disturbances. Taijiquan and Qigong are considered traditional vegetative biofeedback therapies that allow the practitioner to control the functions and processes of the body through specific movements or stances, breathing techniques, and meditative exercises. This study aims to understand if these techniques can be applied as an online distance therapeutic option to reduce the psychological impact of home confinement and social distancing. Sixty-four participants were recruited and allocated to three groups. The experienced and novice Taijiquan and Qigong participants' groups received the intervention for 8 weeks while the control group did not receive any intervention. The outcomes were psychological well-being and psychological distress levels and were assessed by the Mental Health Inventory and a written interview. The experienced Taijiquan and Qigong participants achieved significant improvements in psychological well-being and psychological distress. Novice Taijiquan and Qigong participants achieved a significant improvement in anxiety levels. Additionally, the control group showed a significant decrease in psychological well-being. This study suggests that this distance online program of Taijiquan and Qigong is feasible and may benefit the mental health of participants during a lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Magalhães Rodrigues
- ICBAS, School of Medicine Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- IPTC—Research Department in Complementary Medicine, Portuguese Institute of Taiji and Qigong, 4470-765 Maia, Portugal
- CBSin—Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Health Level, ABS—Atlântico Business School, 4405-604 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Catarina Santos
- IPTC—Research Department in Complementary Medicine, Portuguese Institute of Taiji and Qigong, 4470-765 Maia, Portugal
- Health Level, ABS—Atlântico Business School, 4405-604 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ventura
- IPTC—Research Department in Complementary Medicine, Portuguese Institute of Taiji and Qigong, 4470-765 Maia, Portugal
- Health Level, ABS—Atlântico Business School, 4405-604 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- ICBAS, School of Medicine Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CBSin—Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Health Level, ABS—Atlântico Business School, 4405-604 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- LABIOMEP—Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Okolichany R, Padala P, Mooney S. Cognitive and Functional Abilities in an Older Adult Veteran Before and After Contracting COVID-19. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:115-120. [PMID: 35530116 PMCID: PMC9028709 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A 76-year-old male Veteran with a historical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment was assessed at baseline and follow-up as part of two separate, ongoing studies. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 during the interim. Objective: To report potential effects on cognitive and functional abilities measured before and after contracting COVID-19. Methods: The patient was administered a series of cognitive tests and self-report procedures assessing cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric status. Results: Overall, no discernable pattern of cognitive changes between pre-COVID and post-COVID assessments were noted. Only mild increases in agitation, depression, and irritability were noted on a self-report measure. However, this particular subject has relatively ideal psychosocial circumstances in comparison to the typical older adult Veteran male. It is hypothesized that improved psychosocial conditions will result in less negative cognitive and functional outcomes for older adults diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusion: High levels of resilience, social support, and exercise, coupled with lower levels of perceived stress and loneliness may serve as protective factors against cognitive and functional decline in older adults who contract COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Okolichany
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center(GRECC), Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, North LittleRock, AR, USA
| | - Prasad Padala
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center(GRECC), Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, North LittleRock, AR, USA
| | - Scott Mooney
- Neuropsychology Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, North Little Rock, AR, USA
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Demirer I, Kühhirt M, Karbach U, Pfaff H. Does positive affect mediate the association of multimorbidity on depressive symptoms? Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:65-76. [PMID: 33543998 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1870209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Multimorbidity poses various challenges, and previous research has indicated a causal relation with depression. As multimorbidity is not curable, the underlying mechanisms are of great interest. Positive affect is a major resource for coping with chronic conditions and for the prevention of depression. Long-term multimorbidity, however, may deplete positive affect. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of positive affect in the association between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms.Method We used four consecutive waves (2008, 2011, 2014, 2017) of the nationally representative German Ageing Survey (DEAS) with a total of 1,558 older adults aged 40 and over. To account for time-varying confounding, exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounding, and reciprocities, we applied the mediational g-formula with inverse-probability weighting techniques. We also tested for exposure-mediator interaction to adjust for differences in mediation across the duration of multimorbidity.Results We confirmed a positive longitudinal relation between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms, both of which were negatively associated with while positive affect. The model without interaction indicated a share mediated of ca. 18.3% on the total effect of multimorbidity on depressive symptoms. Addition of interaction led to substantial differences for multimorbidity duration and levels of positive affect. Associations for long-term multimorbidity (at least two survey waves) were more substantial, and the share mediated doubled (>40%). Additionally, the direct effect of multimorbidity on depressive symptoms diminished for short-term multimorbidity.Conclusion Strengthening positive affect could reduce depressive symptoms in those facing multimorbidity. This study also discusses methodological challenges in performing longitudinal mediation analysis. We advise researchers to consider the mediational g-formula and exposure-mediator interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Demirer
- Institute of Medical Sociology Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Kühhirt
- Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Karbach
- Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Holger Pfaff
- Institute of Medical Sociology Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Zheng S, Ding T, Chen H, Wu Y, Cai W. Precarious Job Makes Me Withdraw? The Role of Job Insecurity and Negative Affect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412999. [PMID: 34948604 PMCID: PMC8701801 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An expanding "gig" economy has changed the nature of employment; thus, researchers have recently focused on exploring the role of job precariousness in the workplace. However, little research attention has been given to understanding why, how and when job precariousness leads to employees' negative behavioral outcomes in the service-oriented industry. In the current study, we examined job insecurity as a mediator and employees' negative affect as a moderator in the relationship between job precariousness and employees' withdrawal behavior. Using a sample of 472 employees working in Chinese hotels, we found that job precariousness is positively related to employees' withdrawal behavior by increasing their job insecurity. Moreover, this mediating relationship is conditional on the moderator variable of employees' negative affect for the path from job insecurity to withdrawal behavior. The importance of these findings for understanding the undesirable behavior outcomes of job precariousness is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanting Zheng
- School of Tourism and Events, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Tangli Ding
- School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Economics & Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Yunhong Wu
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
| | - Wenjing Cai
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
- Department of Management & Organization, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Intellectual Property Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-551-63602364
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Martinez GJ, Mattingly SM, Robles-Granda P, Saha K, Sirigiri A, Young J, Chawla N, De Choudhury M, D'Mello S, Mark G, Striegel A. Predicting Participant Compliance With Fitness Tracker Wearing and Ecological Momentary Assessment Protocols in Information Workers: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e22218. [PMID: 34766911 PMCID: PMC8663716 DOI: 10.2196/22218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies that use ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) or wearable sensors to track numerous attributes, such as physical activity, sleep, and heart rate, can benefit from reductions in missing data. Maximizing compliance is one method of reducing missing data to increase the return on the heavy investment of time and money into large-scale studies. Objective This paper aims to identify the extent to which compliance can be prospectively predicted from individual attributes and initial compliance. Methods We instrumented 757 information workers with fitness trackers for 1 year and conducted EMAs in the first 56 days of study participation as part of an observational study. Their compliance with the EMA and fitness tracker wearing protocols was analyzed. Overall, 31 individual characteristics (eg, demographics and personalities) and behavioral variables (eg, early compliance and study portal use) were considered, and 14 variables were selected to create beta regression models for predicting compliance with EMAs 56 days out and wearable compliance 1 year out. We surveyed study participation and correlated the results with compliance. Results Our modeling indicates that 16% and 25% of the variance in EMA compliance and wearable compliance, respectively, could be explained through a survey of demographics and personality in a held-out sample. The likelihood of higher EMA and wearable compliance was associated with being older (EMA: odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03; wearable: OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04), speaking English as a first language (EMA: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.05-1.80; wearable: OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.85), having had a wearable before joining the study (EMA: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.51; wearable: OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.23-1.83), and exhibiting conscientiousness (EMA: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.51; wearable: OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.58). Compliance was negatively associated with exhibiting extraversion (EMA: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64-0.85; wearable: OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.57-0.78) and having a supervisory role (EMA: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54-0.79; wearable: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.54-0.81). Furthermore, higher wearable compliance was negatively associated with agreeableness (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.56-0.83) and neuroticism (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.98). Compliance in the second week of the study could help explain more variance; 62% and 66% of the variance in EMA compliance and wearable compliance, respectively, was explained. Finally, compliance correlated with participants’ self-reflection on the ease of participation, usefulness of our compliance portal, timely resolution of issues, and compensation adequacy, suggesting that these are avenues for improving compliance. Conclusions We recommend conducting an initial 2-week pilot to measure trait-like compliance and identify participants at risk of long-term noncompliance, performing oversampling based on participants’ individual characteristics to avoid introducing bias in the sample when excluding data based on noncompliance, using an issue tracking portal, and providing special care in troubleshooting to help participants maintain compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo J Martinez
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Stephen M Mattingly
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Pablo Robles-Granda
- Thomas M Siebel Center for Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Koustuv Saha
- Microsoft Research, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anusha Sirigiri
- Indian School of Business Gachibowli, Hyderabad Telangana, India
| | - Jessica Young
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nitesh Chawla
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Munmun De Choudhury
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sidney D'Mello
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Gloria Mark
- Informatics Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aaron Striegel
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Perceived Neighborhood Environment Associated With Older Adults' Walking and Positive Affect: Results From the Health and Retirement Study. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:536-543. [PMID: 33333489 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined how a perceived neighborhood environment was associated with older adults' walking activity and the experience of positive affect. Study sample comprised 10,700 older adults, aged 65+, sampled from the Health and Retirement Study 2014-2015 in the United States. Results indicated that neighborhood social cohesion was significantly predicting older adults' walking and positive affect. It was also revealed that walking engagement significantly contributed to the measure of positive affect. However, perceived neighborhood physical disorder did not account for additional variance in walking and positive affect. Final structural model involved three latent factors-neighborhood social cohesion, walking, and positive affect-and the goodness-of-fit indices of the model indicated an acceptable fit to the sample data. Public health and physical activity intervention in the context of neighborhood environment should facilitate social integration and informal social support that the neighborhood creates.
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Changes in positive affect in cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 61:111-115. [PMID: 31253437 PMCID: PMC6861652 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated changes in positive affect within cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT) for anxiety disorders. It was hypothesized that there would be significantly greater increases in positive affect in CBT conditions compared to the waitlist, and particularly higher in the Unified Protocol (UP) than the single disorder protocols (SDP) given the UP's focus on emotions (including positive emotions) rather than symptoms. METHOD Patients with heterogeneous anxiety disorders (N = 223) were randomly assigned to the UP, SDP or waitlist. Linear mixed model regression (intent to treat) analyses were used to compare change in positive affect, quality of life, and savoring between patients in the treatment conditions (UP and SDP) versus waitlist conditions. Between condition effect sizes were calculated to assess the magnitude of difference within conditions at post-treatment. RESULTS Results indicated a significant Group (treatment vs. waitlist) × Time (pre- post-treatment) interaction (F(1, 154.36) = 6.75; p = .01) for positive affect in which the treatment group showed significant improvements in positive affect pre- to post-treatment (ESsg = 0.37, SEsg = 0.09, 95% CI [0.20: 0.54]) and the waitlist condition did not. There were no differences between UP and SDP conditions in positive affect at baseline or at post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest CBT, which typically focuses on reductions in negative affect, may also improve positive affect. The importance of future research evaluating, targeting, and improving positive affect in CBT trials is discussed. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01243606.
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Bielak AAM, Hatt CR, Diehl M. Cognitive Performance in Adults' Daily Lives: Is There a Lab-Life Gap? RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2017; 14:219-233. [PMID: 37771386 PMCID: PMC10538579 DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2017.1340050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article addresses the "lab-life gap" in cognitive aging research as an important issue of ecological validity in developmental research. Older adults often function competently in complex everyday situations despite age-related deficits on laboratory-based cognitive tasks. Therefore, to what extent do lab-based cognitive tasks predict real-life outcomes in older adults? Our review shows that although they are similar, measures of everyday cognitive competence predict relevant outcomes beyond basic measures. We provide our perspective on critical questions concerning the relevance of everyday cognitive tests in our ever-changing world, new methods of everyday cognitive assessment, and whether everyday cognition can be improved.
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Brailean A, Aartsen MJ, Muniz-Terrera G, Prince M, Prina AM, Comijs HC, Huisman M, Beekman A. Longitudinal associations between late-life depression dimensions and cognitive functioning: a cross-domain latent growth curve analysis. Psychol Med 2017; 47:690-702. [PMID: 27834162 PMCID: PMC5426346 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171600297x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment and depression often co-occur in older adults, but it is not clear whether depression is a risk factor for cognitive decline, a psychological reaction to cognitive decline, or whether changes in depressive symptoms correlate with changes in cognitive performance over time. The co-morbid manifestation of depression and cognitive impairment may reflect either a causal effect or a common cause, depending on the specific symptoms experienced and the cognitive functions affected. METHOD The study sample comprised 1506 community-dwelling older adults aged ⩾65 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). We conducted cross-domain latent growth curve analyses to examine longitudinal associations between late-life depression dimensions (i.e. depressed affect, positive affect, and somatic symptoms) and specific domains of cognitive functioning (i.e. processing speed, inductive reasoning, immediate recall, and delayed recall). RESULTS Poorer delayed recall performance at baseline predicted a steeper increase in depressed affect over time. Steeper decline in processing speed correlated with a steeper increase in somatic symptoms of depression over time. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a prospective association between memory function and depressed affect, whereby older adults may experience an increase in depressed affect in reaction to poor memory function. Somatic symptoms of depression increased concurrently with declining processing speed, which may reflect common neurodegenerative processes. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that depression symptoms may be a risk factor for cognitive decline in the general population. These findings have potential implications for the treatment of late-life depression and for the prognosis of cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Brailean
- Department of Health Service and Population
Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health,
London, UK
| | - M. J. Aartsen
- NOVA - Norwegian Social Research, Center for
Welfare and Labor Research, Oslo,
Norway
| | | | - M. Prince
- Department of Health Service and Population
Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health,
London, UK
| | - A. M. Prina
- Department of Health Service and Population
Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health,
London, UK
| | - H. C. Comijs
- VU University Medical Centre, Department of
Psychiatry and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Huisman
- VU University Medical Center, Department of
Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care
Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, VU
University, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - A. Beekman
- VU University Medical Centre, Department of
Psychiatry and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Brailean A, Comijs HC, Aartsen MJ, Prince M, Prina AM, Beekman A, Huisman M. Late-life depression symptom dimensions and cognitive functioning in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). J Affect Disord 2016; 201:171-8. [PMID: 27235820 PMCID: PMC4914607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression often co-occurs in late-life in the context of declining cognitive functions, but it is not clear whether specific depression symptom dimensions are differentially associated with cognitive abilities. METHODS The study sample comprised 3107 community-dwelling older adults from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). We applied a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model to examine the association between cognitive abilities and latent dimensions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), while accounting for differential item functioning (DIF) due to age, gender and cognitive function levels. RESULTS A factor structure consisting of somatic symptoms, positive affect, depressed affect, and interpersonal difficulties fitted the data well. Higher levels of inductive reasoning were significantly associated with lower levels of depressed affect and somatic symptoms, whereas faster processing speed was significantly associated with lower levels of somatic symptoms. DIF due to age and gender was found, but the magnitude of the effects was small and did not alter substantive conclusions. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional context of this investigation, the direction of influence between depression symptom levels and cognitive function levels cannot be established. Furthermore, findings are relevant to non-clinical populations, and they do not clarify whether certain DIF effects may be found only at high or low levels of depression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest differential associations between late-life depression dimensions and cognitive abilities in old age, and point towards potential etiological mechanisms that may underline these associations. These findings carry implications for the prognosis of cognitive outcomes in depressed older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Brailean
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Centre for Global Mental Health, London, UK.
| | - Hannie C. Comijs
- VU University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja J. Aartsen
- NOVA - Norwegian Social Research, Center for Welfare and Labor Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Prince
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Centre for Global Mental Health, London, UK
| | - A. Matthew Prina
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Centre for Global Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Aartjan Beekman
- VU University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- VU University, Department of Sociology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,VU University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Sociology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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