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Andrés J, Czechowski P, Grey E, Saebi M, Andres K, Brown C, Chawla N, Corbett JJ, Brys R, Cassey P, Correa N, Deveney MR, Egan SP, Fisher JP, Vanden Hooff R, Knapp CR, Leong SCY, Neilson BJ, Paolucci EM, Pfrender ME, Pochardt MR, Prowse TAA, Rumrill SS, Scianni C, Sylvester F, Tamburri MN, Therriault TW, Yeo DCJ, Lodge DM. Environment and shipping drive environmental DNA beta-diversity among commercial ports. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6696-6709. [PMID: 36799015 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The spread of nonindigenous species by shipping is a large and growing global problem that harms coastal ecosystems and economies and may blur coastal biogeographical patterns. This study coupled eukaryotic environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding with dissimilarity regression to test the hypothesis that ship-borne species spread homogenizes port communities. We first collected and metabarcoded water samples from ports in Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas. We then calculated community dissimilarities between port pairs and tested for effects of environmental dissimilarity, biogeographical region and four alternative measures of ship-borne species transport risk. We predicted that higher shipping between ports would decrease community dissimilarity, that the effect of shipping would be small compared to that of environment dissimilarity and shared biogeography, and that more complex shipping risk metrics (which account for ballast water and stepping-stone spread) would perform better. Consistent with our hypotheses, community dissimilarities increased significantly with environmental dissimilarity and, to a lesser extent, decreased with ship-borne species transport risks, particularly if the ports had similar environments and stepping-stone risks were considered. Unexpectedly, we found no clear effect of shared biogeography, and that risk metrics incorporating estimates of ballast discharge did not offer more explanatory power than simpler traffic-based risks. Overall, we found that shipping homogenizes eukaryotic communities between ports in predictable ways, which could inform improvements in invasive species policy and management. We demonstrated the usefulness of eDNA metabarcoding and dissimilarity regression for disentangling the drivers of large-scale biodiversity patterns. We conclude by outlining logistical considerations and recommendations for future studies using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Andrés
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Paul Czechowski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erin Grey
- School of Biology and Ecology and Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Division of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Governors State University, University Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Mandana Saebi
- Center for Network and Data Science (CNDS), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Kara Andres
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Brown
- Golden Bear Research Center, California State University Maritime Academy, Vallejo, California, USA
| | - Nitesh Chawla
- Center for Network and Data Science (CNDS), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - James J Corbett
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Rein Brys
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Phillip Cassey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nancy Correa
- Servicio de Hidrografía Naval (Ministerio de Defensa), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Sede Educativa Universitaria, Facultad de la Armada, UNDEF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marty R Deveney
- SARDI Aquatic Science and Marine Innovation SA, South Australian Research and Development Institute, West Beach, South Australia, Australia
| | - Scott P Egan
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua P Fisher
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - Charles R Knapp
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian J Neilson
- State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Esteban M Paolucci
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael E Pfrender
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Thomas A A Prowse
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven S Rumrill
- Marine Resources Program, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - Chris Scianni
- California State Lands Commission, Marine Invasive Species Program, Long Beach, California, USA
- Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Francisco Sylvester
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Mario N Tamburri
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas W Therriault
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darren C J Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Lodge
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Chawla N, O'Mahony D. 33 PREVALENCE OF FALLS RISK-INCREASING DRUGS (FRIDS) DEFINED BY STOPPFALL CRITERIA AMONG MULTI-MORBID OLDER PATIENTS PRESENTING TO HOSPITAL WITH FALLS. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several drug classes e.g. antidepressants, hypnotics significantly the risk of falls in older people. As an intervention in several studies, withdrawal of Falls Risk-Increasing Drugs (FRIDs) has led to a significantly decreased incidence of falls and injuries in older people. Recently, an explicit deprescribing tool focusing on FRIDs known as STOPPFall (Screening Tool of Older Persons Prescriptions with high Fall risk) has been validated. STOPPFall consists of 14 drug classes, most of which are psychotropics, known to increase falls risk in older people. There are no prospective studies of STOPPFall-defined prevalence of FRIDs in the literature.
Methods
We undertook a prospective study of 200 consecutively enrolled patients aged ≥65 years (mean age ± SD: 80.9±7.4 years) presenting with falls to the emergency department and Geriatric Medicine OPD clinics between August 2021 to February 2022. We screened for STOPPFall criteria FRIDs in this cohort with additional data collected to define age, sex and comorbidity status.
Results
STOPPFall FRIDs were detected in 59.5% of this cohort which was predominantly female (68%). Comparison of falls incidence between the youngest subgroup (65-74 years) and the oldest subgroup (>85 years) showed that patients aged >85 years fell repeatedly (i.e. ≥ 2 falls in the previous year) more than younger fallers (35.5% vs 21%). Of the 14 drug classes in STOPPFall criteria, antidepressants were the most prevalent FRID category (24%), followed by diuretics (17%). There was a significant positive correlation between the number of reported falls and the number of STOPPFall FRIDs prescribed (R=0.17; p=.016). Almost two-thirds of fallers were prescribed two or more STOPPFall drugs.
Conclusion
STOPPFall medications are highly prevalent among older people presenting to hospital with falls. STOPPFall represents an important tool for attending doctors to identify and deprescribe medications contributing to falls in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chawla
- University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
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3
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Chehrazi-Raffle A, Muddasani R, Dizman N, Hsu J, Meza L, Zengin Z, Malhotra J, Chawla N, Lyou Y, Dorff T, Contente-Cuomo T, Dinwiddie D, McDonald B, Trent J, Murtaza M, Pal S. 1479P Ultra-sensitive circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay distinguishes partial response (PR) and complete response (CR) with immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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4
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Guo Z, Tao J, Chen S, Chawla N, Wang C. SD^2: Slicing and Dicing Scholarly Data for Interactive Evaluation of Academic Performance. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2022; PP:1-1. [PMID: 35363616 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2022.3163727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensively evaluating and comparing researchers' academic performance is complicated due to the intrinsic complexity of scholarly data. Different scholarly evaluation tasks often require the publication and citation data to be investigated in various manners. In this paper, we present an interactive visualization framework, SD^2, to enable flexible data partition and composition to support various analysis requirements within a single system. SD^2 features the hierarchical histogram, a novel visual representation for flexibly slicing and dicing the data, allowing different aspects of scholarly performance to be studied and compared. We also leverage the state-of-the-art set visualization technique to select individual researchers or combine multiple scholars for comprehensive visual comparison. We conduct multiple rounds of expert evaluation to study the effectiveness and usability of SD^2 and revise the design and system implementation accordingly. The effectiveness of SD^2 is demonstrated via multiple usage scenarios with each aiming to answer a specific, commonly raised question.
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Martinez GJ, Mattingly SM, Robles-Granda P, Saha K, Sirigiri A, Young J, Chawla N, De Choudhury M, D'Mello S, Mark G, Striegel A. Predicting Participant Compliance With Fitness Tracker Wearing and Ecological Momentary Assessment Protocols in Information Workers: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e22218. [PMID: 34766911 PMCID: PMC8663716 DOI: 10.2196/22218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies that use ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) or wearable sensors to track numerous attributes, such as physical activity, sleep, and heart rate, can benefit from reductions in missing data. Maximizing compliance is one method of reducing missing data to increase the return on the heavy investment of time and money into large-scale studies. Objective This paper aims to identify the extent to which compliance can be prospectively predicted from individual attributes and initial compliance. Methods We instrumented 757 information workers with fitness trackers for 1 year and conducted EMAs in the first 56 days of study participation as part of an observational study. Their compliance with the EMA and fitness tracker wearing protocols was analyzed. Overall, 31 individual characteristics (eg, demographics and personalities) and behavioral variables (eg, early compliance and study portal use) were considered, and 14 variables were selected to create beta regression models for predicting compliance with EMAs 56 days out and wearable compliance 1 year out. We surveyed study participation and correlated the results with compliance. Results Our modeling indicates that 16% and 25% of the variance in EMA compliance and wearable compliance, respectively, could be explained through a survey of demographics and personality in a held-out sample. The likelihood of higher EMA and wearable compliance was associated with being older (EMA: odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03; wearable: OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04), speaking English as a first language (EMA: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.05-1.80; wearable: OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.85), having had a wearable before joining the study (EMA: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.51; wearable: OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.23-1.83), and exhibiting conscientiousness (EMA: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.51; wearable: OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.58). Compliance was negatively associated with exhibiting extraversion (EMA: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64-0.85; wearable: OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.57-0.78) and having a supervisory role (EMA: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54-0.79; wearable: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.54-0.81). Furthermore, higher wearable compliance was negatively associated with agreeableness (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.56-0.83) and neuroticism (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.98). Compliance in the second week of the study could help explain more variance; 62% and 66% of the variance in EMA compliance and wearable compliance, respectively, was explained. Finally, compliance correlated with participants’ self-reflection on the ease of participation, usefulness of our compliance portal, timely resolution of issues, and compensation adequacy, suggesting that these are avenues for improving compliance. Conclusions We recommend conducting an initial 2-week pilot to measure trait-like compliance and identify participants at risk of long-term noncompliance, performing oversampling based on participants’ individual characteristics to avoid introducing bias in the sample when excluding data based on noncompliance, using an issue tracking portal, and providing special care in troubleshooting to help participants maintain compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo J Martinez
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Stephen M Mattingly
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Pablo Robles-Granda
- Thomas M Siebel Center for Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Koustuv Saha
- Microsoft Research, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anusha Sirigiri
- Indian School of Business Gachibowli, Hyderabad Telangana, India
| | - Jessica Young
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nitesh Chawla
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Munmun De Choudhury
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sidney D'Mello
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Gloria Mark
- Informatics Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aaron Striegel
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Dasgupta D, Chaudhry B, Greeves K, Long J, Duarte M, Chawla N. A Tablet-based App for Successful Aging in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Low Socioeconomic Status: A Feasibility Study (Preprint). JMIR Aging 2020. [DOI: 10.2196/26686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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7
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Kaur I, Chawla N, Dhatt A, Kaur M. Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Composition in Bulbs of Red, Yellow, and White Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Genotypes of Sub-Tropical India. AAlim 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2020.49.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, thirty onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes grown in sub-tropical region of India were analysed for different physico-chemical attributes. There were significant differences among genotypes, and the onion genotypes showed a tendency to be classified according to different colours. The cultivars of the same colour exhibited similar tendencies in terms of accumulating most of the analysed components. About 1.78 fold variation in dry matter (%) and 2 fold variation in fresh weight per bulb were recorded among coloured onions. Red genotype D-888-B possessed maximum contents of TS and NRS, while the yellow coloured genotype POH-5 accumulated highest RS and lowest NRS contents. Maximum values of fructans (3.68 g/100 g DW), AIS (6 g/100 g DW), protein (10.61 g/100 g DW), and FAA (4.24 g/100 g DW) were also found in red coloured genotypes D-715-B, D-97-B, PR-305, and D-PS-121-B, respectively. Proline content in different genotypes was found to vary about 6.9 fold. The correlation studies showed a positive relationship between most of the quality parameters. Our results suggested that red group genotypes were better than yellow and white groups for all the studied parameters except for RS, which makes red genotypes more suitable for processing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001-India
| | - N. Chawla
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001-India
| | - A.S. Dhatt
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001-India
| | - M. Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001-India
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Barbieri D, Chawla N, Zaccagni L, Grgurinović T, Šarac J, Čoklo M, Missoni S. Predicting Cardiovascular Risk in Athletes: Resampling Improves Classification Performance. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17217923. [PMID: 33126737 PMCID: PMC7662820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. The aim of the present study is to verify the performances of a data mining methodology in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in athletes, and whether the results may be used to support clinical decision making. Anthropometric (height and weight), demographic (age and sex) and biomedical (blood pressure and pulse rate) data of 26,002 athletes were collected in 2012 during routine sport medical examinations, which included electrocardiography at rest. Subjects were involved in competitive sport practice, for which medical clearance was needed. Outcomes were negative for the largest majority, as expected in an active population. Resampling was applied to balance positive/negative class ratio. A decision tree and logistic regression were used to classify individuals as either at risk or not. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess classification performances. Data mining and resampling improved cardiovascular risk assessment in terms of increased area under the curve. The proposed methodology can be effectively applied to biomedical data in order to optimize clinical decision making, and-at the same time-minimize the amount of unnecessary examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbieri
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Nitesh Chawla
- Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
| | - Luciana Zaccagni
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Biomedical Sport Studies Center, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Tonći Grgurinović
- Polyclinic for Occupational Health and Sports of Zagreb Sports Association with Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jelena Šarac
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.Š.); (M.Č.)
| | - Miran Čoklo
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.Š.); (M.Č.)
| | - Saša Missoni
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Abstract
Towards the challenging problem of semi-supervised node classification, there have been extensive studies. As a frontier, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have aroused great interest recently, which update the representation of each node by aggregating information of its neighbors. However, most GNNs have shallow layers with a limited receptive field and may not achieve satisfactory performance especially when the number of labeled nodes is quite small. To address this challenge, we innovatively propose a graph few-shot learning (GFL) algorithm that incorporates prior knowledge learned from auxiliary graphs to improve classification accuracy on the target graph. Specifically, a transferable metric space characterized by a node embedding and a graph-specific prototype embedding function is shared between auxiliary graphs and the target, facilitating the transfer of structural knowledge. Extensive experiments and ablation studies on four real-world graph datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model and the contribution of each component.
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Gonya J, Harrison T, Feldman K, Stein M, Chawla N. Nursing networks in the NICU and their association with maternal stress: A pilot study. J Nurs Manag 2018; 27:442-449. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenn Gonya
- Center for Perinatal Research; The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Columbus Ohio
| | - Tondi Harrison
- College of Nursing; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Keith Feldman
- Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Melanie Stein
- Center for Perinatal Research; The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Columbus Ohio
| | - Nitesh Chawla
- Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame Indiana
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Wang S, Song J, Shang X, Chawla N, Yang Y, Meng X, Wang H, Ma J. Physical activity and sedentary behavior can modulate the effect of the PNPLA3 variant on childhood NAFLD: a case-control study in a Chinese population. BMC Med Genet 2016; 17:90. [PMID: 27905898 PMCID: PMC5134284 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The patatin like phospholipase containing domain 3 gene (PNPLA3) rs738409 C > G polymorphism, one of the most important gene polymorphisms involved in hepatic steatosis, has been reported to interact with different nutrients and dietary patterns on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), but no studies have focused on its interaction with physical activity or sedentary behavior. Therefore, this study aims at determining whether physical activity or sedentary behavior could modulate the effect of the PNPLA3 variant on childhood NAFLD. Methods A case-control study was conducted including 1027 Chinese children aged 7–18 years old (162 children with NAFLD and 865 children without). The anthropometric measurements, liver ultrasound examination, questionnaires and genotyping of the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism were performed. Results Stratified analyses showed that the proportions of NAFLD increased with the G-allele number only in children who did not have enough physical activity (physical activity < 1 h/d) (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.82–5.12, P < 0.001), and in children with a sedentary lifestyle (sedentary behavior ≥ 2 h/d) (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.88–6.18, P < 0.001). Significant interactions on childhood NAFLD were found between the G-allele number in the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and behaviors, including physical activity (P = 0.001), sedentary behavior (P = 0.010) and the combination of physical activity and sedentary behavior (P < 0.001). Conclusion This is the first study to report the interaction between the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and physical activity or sedentary behavior on NAFLD, providing new clues on the function of the PNPLA3 gene, which will also be useful for future risk assessment and personalized treatment of NAFLD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0352-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications (iCeNSA), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jieyun Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaorui Shang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Nitesh Chawla
- Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications (iCeNSA), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Yide Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Haijun Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Chawla N, Gupta N, Dhawan N. Supra-aural gossypiboma: case report of a retained textile surgical sponge in an unusual location. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016; 98:e186-e188. [PMID: 27502345 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypiboma or retained surgical sponge is an infrequently encountered surgical complication, more so in the head and neck region. A literature search did not reveal a previously reported case of retained or concealed surgical sponge after microscopic ear surgery. We present a unique and previously unreported case of a 25-year-old male who presented with a cystic swelling in the right supra-aural region 5 months post-modified radical mastoidectomy of the right ear. Surgical excision of the swelling revealed a retained surgical sponge. We emphasise the importance of counting surgical sponges after every surgical step to minimise the incidence of such retained surgical items.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chawla
- Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Department of ENT , New Delhi , India
| | - N Gupta
- Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Department of ENT , New Delhi , India
| | - N Dhawan
- Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Department of ENT , New Delhi , India
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14
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Chawla S, Sankhala K, Chawla S, Chua V, Gordon E, Chawla N, Sung K, Quon D, Kim K, Fernandez L, Leong B, Wieland S, Levitt D. First line therapy with aldoxorubicin and 14 days continuous infusion of ifosfamide/mesna in metastatic or locally advanced sarcomas: a phase I-II study. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw388.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Kusimba
- Department of AnthropologyAmerican University Washington DC 20016 USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Kellogg School of ManagementNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Nitesh Chawla
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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Abstract
The quantitative prediction of transcriptional activity of genes using promoter sequence is fundamental to the engineering of biological systems for industrial purposes and understanding the natural variation in gene expression. To catalyze the development of new algorithms for this purpose, the Dialogue on Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods (DREAM) organized a community challenge seeking predictive models of promoter activity given normalized promoter activity data for 90 ribosomal protein promoters driving expression of a fluorescent reporter gene. By developing an unbiased modeling approach that performs an iterative search for predictive DNA sequence features using the frequencies of various k-mers, inferred DNA mechanical properties and spatial positions of promoter sequences, we achieved the best performer status in this challenge. The specific predictive features used in the model included the frequency of the nucleotide G, the length of polymeric tracts of T and TA, the frequencies of 6 distinct trinucleotides and 12 tetranucleotides, and the predicted protein deformability of the DNA sequence. Our method accurately predicted the activity of 20 natural variants of ribosomal protein promoters (Spearman correlation r = 0.73) as compared to 33 laboratory-mutated variants of the promoters (r = 0.57) in a test set that was hidden from participants. Notably, our model differed substantially from the rest in 2 main ways: i) it did not explicitly utilize transcription factor binding information implying that subtle DNA sequence features are highly associated with gene expression, and ii) it was entirely based on features extracted exclusively from the 100 bp region upstream from the translational start site demonstrating that this region encodes much of the overall promoter activity. The findings from this study have important implications for the engineering of predictable gene expression systems and the evolution of gene expression in naturally occurring biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Siwo
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications (iCeNSA), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; IBM TJ Watson Research Center, NY, USA; IBM Research-Africa, Johannesberg, South Africa
| | - Andrew Rider
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications (iCeNSA), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Asako Tan
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Epicentre, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard Pinapati
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications (iCeNSA), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Scott Emrich
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications (iCeNSA), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Nitesh Chawla
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications (iCeNSA), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Michael Ferdig
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications (iCeNSA), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Garg G, Chawla N, Chawla K, Khosla P, Jain S. Atypical Presentations of Melioidosis in North India: Report of Two Cases. J Assoc Physicians India 2015; 63:82-83. [PMID: 26710411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Melioidosis is an infection caused by Gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. This is a rare disease in India, more so in North India. We present two cases of melioidosis with unusual sites of infection. The first patient was a young diabetic male presenting to us with history of prolonged fever and upper abdominal discomfort, subsequently diagnosed as a case of pyogenic liver abscess. The second patient was a middle aged diabetic complaining of prolonged fever and headache and found to have right frontal lobe brain abscess.The pus cultured from the lesion in both cases showed growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei. These two cases are described to consider melioidosis as a differential diagnosis amongst pyrexia of unknown origin cases.
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Goyal A, Hingrajia D, Chawla N, Shah RJ. Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with an orbital defect: a simplified approach. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2012; 12:187-90. [PMID: 23997470 DOI: 10.1007/s13191-012-0128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Large oro-facial defects consequences in serious functional as well as cosmetic deformities. Acceptable cosmetic results usually can be obtained with a facial prosthesis. This article describes prosthetic rehabilitation of a 35 year-old female having a left orbital defect with HTV silicone material. A modified technique to fabricate an acrylic substructure in heat-polymerizing polymethyl-methacrylate to support silicone facial prosthesis was illustrated. The resultant facial prosthesis was structurally durable and esthetically acceptable with satisfactory retention. This technique is advantageous as there is no need to fabricate the whole prosthesis again in case of damage of the silicone layer because the outer silicone layer can be removed and repacked on the substructure if the gypsum-mold is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Goyal
- Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India ; C-1/20A, Yamuna Vihar, Delhi, 110053 India
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Chawla N, Messer LB, Adams GG, Manton DJ. An in vitro comparison of detection methods for approximal carious lesions in primary molars. Caries Res 2012; 46:161-9. [PMID: 22508449 DOI: 10.1159/000337099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to compare and contrast in vitro six methods to determine the most accurate method for detecting approximal carious lesions in primary molars. METHODS Extracted primary molars (n = 140) were stored in 0.02% chlorhexidine solution and mounted in light-cured resin in pairs. The six carious lesion detection methods used by the three examiners to assess approximal carious lesions were visual inspection, digital radiography, two transillumination lights (SDI and NSK), and two laser fluorescence instruments (CDD and DDP). Five damaged teeth were discarded. The teeth (n = 135) were sectioned, serially ground, and examined under light microscopy using Downer's histological (HST) criteria as the gold standard. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability, agreement with HST, specificity, sensitivity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and areas under the curve were calculated. RESULTS This study found visual inspection to be the most accurate method when validated by histology. Transillumination with NSK light had the highest specificity, and digital radiography had the highest sensitivity for detecting enamel and/or dentinal carious lesions. Combining specificity and sensitivity into the area under ROC curves, enamel plus dentinal lesions were detected most accurately by visual inspection followed by digital radiography; dentinal lesions were detected most accurately by digital radiography followed by visual inspection. CONCLUSIONS None of the four newly developed methods can be recommended as suitable replacements for visual inspection and digital radiography in detecting carious lesions on approximal surfaces of primary molars, and further developmental work is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chawla
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Gupta MK, Misra RN, Chawla N, Mani H, Chowdhry CN, Singh SP, Gupta S. IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST: A NEW DIMENSION IN DIAGNOSIS OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 57:188-90. [PMID: 27365600 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(01)80039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
75 patients with clinical features suggestive of malaria were studied to evaluate the efficacy of immunochromatographic test (ICT), which detects histidine rich protein-2 antigen secreted by Plasmodium falciparum (Pfhrp-2), as against direct microscopy. There were 40 cases of P falciparum malaria, 14 cases of P vivax malaria and 21 cases of non-malarial fevers. Direct microscopy could detect 27(67.5%) P falciparum cases but failed to detect 13 cases (32.5%) whereas ICT could detect 35(87.5%) P falciparum cases out of 40 but failed to detect 5(12.5%) cases. All the P vivax cases and non-malarial fever cases were negative for ICT. The sensitivity and specificity of ICT is 87.5% and 100% respectively where as the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of the test is 100% and 87.5% respectively. It is concluded that ICT test is a good adjunct to blood smear studies in fever cases with neurological and multiorgan dysfunction and in antenatal ladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Gupta
- Senior Advisor (Pathology & Haematology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005
| | - R N Misra
- Classified Specialist (Pathology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005
| | - N Chawla
- Classified Specialist (Pathology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005
| | - H Mani
- Classified Specialist (Pathology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005
| | - C N Chowdhry
- Graded Specialist (Pathology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005
| | - S P Singh
- Post Graduate Student (Pathology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005
| | - S Gupta
- Post Graduate Student (Pathology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005
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Ravikumar R, Sen KK, Singh SN, Chawla N, Choudhary SR, Singh D. Filarial Dance in a Breast Lump. Med J Armed Forces India 2010; 66:193-5. [PMID: 27375337 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(10)80151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Ravikumar
- Senior Advisor (Radiodiagnosis & Interventional Radiology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-5
| | - K K Sen
- Professor & HOD (Radiodiagnosis), PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu
| | - S N Singh
- Graded Specialist (Radiodiagnosis), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-5
| | - N Chawla
- Senior Advisor (Pathology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-5
| | - S R Choudhary
- Resident (Radiodiagnosis), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-5
| | - D Singh
- Resident (Pathology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-5
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Crawford G, Chawla N, Houston J. Nanomechanics of biocompatible TiO2 nanotubes by Interfacial Force Microscopy (IFM). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2009; 2:580-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chawla N, Messer LB, Silva M. Clinical studies on molar-incisor-hypomineralisation part 1: distribution and putative associations. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2009; 9:180-90. [PMID: 19054471 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This was to describe the distributions of affected first permanent molars (FPMs) in a sample of children with molarincisor- hypomineralisation (MIH) and molar hypomineralisation (MH), and to examine their perinatal and medical histories for putative associations with molar hypomineralisation. STUDY DESIGN A sample of 416 children aged 6-14 years with MIH or MH was identified from a specialist paediatric dental practice in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS A questionnaire regarding perinatal and medical histories was sent to their parents/guardians; 182 (44%) useable questionnaires were returned and the dental records of these children were reviewed. RESULTS The 182 dentitions were distributed as: MIH: 104; MH: 65; MIH* (permanent incisors unerupted): 13. These dentitions contained 720 FPMs; 429 FPMs were hypomineralised, distributed as: MIH: 282 FPMs; MH: 124 FPMs; MIH*: 23 FPMs. The 282 affected FPMs occurred in dentitions with MIH as: 1 FPM: 27%; 2 FPMs: 15%; 3 FPMs: 17%; 4 FPMs: 40% (mean 2.7 +/- 1.3 FPMs/dentition). The 124 affected FPMs occurred in dentitions with MH as: 1 FPM: 49%; 2 FPMs: 28%; 3 FPMs: 6%; 4 FPMs: 17% (mean 1.9 +/- 1.1 FPMs/dentition). The distribution of moderate to severe hypomineralisation in FPMs was: MIH: 89%; MH: 73%. Affected FPMs were similarly distributed between gender, quadrants and arches. At least one condition putatively associated with MIH/MH was seen in histories of 166 children (91%); ear infections, fevers, and perinatal conditions occurred in 53-66% of children. Frequent condition combinations were: ear infections + fevers (40% of children); antibiotics + ear infections (54%); antibiotics + other illnesses (56%). CONCLUSIONS All four FPMs in a given dentition were more likely to be affected and to differing extents in MIH than in MH. Putative associations appear to exist between MIH/MH and combinations of antibiotic use, ear infections, fevers, perinatal conditions, and other illnesses in the child's first 3 years. It is proposed that MIH is a more severe form of the hypomineralisation condition than MH, forming an MIH spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chawla
- Dept. Paediatric Dentistry, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Taft LM, Evans RS, Shyu CR, Egger MJ, Chawla N, Mitchell JA, Thornton SN, Bray B, Varner M. Countering imbalanced datasets to improve adverse drug event predictive models in labor and delivery. J Biomed Inform 2009; 42:356-64. [PMID: 18824133 PMCID: PMC2692750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IOM report, Preventing Medication Errors, emphasizes the overall lack of knowledge of the incidence of adverse drug events (ADE). Operating rooms, emergency departments and intensive care units are known to have a higher incidence of ADE. Labor and delivery (L&D) is an emergency care unit that could have an increased risk of ADE, where reported rates remain low and under-reporting is suspected. Risk factor identification with electronic pattern recognition techniques could improve ADE detection rates. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to apply Synthetic Minority Over Sampling Technique (SMOTE) as an enhanced sampling method in a sparse dataset to generate prediction models to identify ADE in women admitted for labor and delivery based on patient risk factors and comorbidities. RESULTS By creating synthetic cases with the SMOTE algorithm and using a 10-fold cross-validation technique, we demonstrated improved performance of the Naïve Bayes and the decision tree algorithms. The true positive rate (TPR) of 0.32 in the raw dataset increased to 0.67 in the 800% over-sampled dataset. CONCLUSION Enhanced performance from classification algorithms can be attained with the use of synthetic minority class oversampling techniques in sparse clinical datasets. Predictive models created in this manner can be used to develop evidence based ADE monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Taft
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
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Debnath J, Chawla N, Talwar R, Vohra LS, George RA, Singh HP, Vaidya A, Satija L. Pleural and transdiaphragmatic retroperitoneal metastasis developing two and half years after resection of invasive thymoma. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:e64-e67. [PMID: 18362988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report transdiaphragmatic pleural and retroperitoneal metastasis developing two and half years after resection of invasive thymoma (Masaoka stage III; WHO type B1, lymphocyte-rich) in a 34-year-old man. Post-surgery, he received radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Follow-up computed tomography (CT) one year post-surgery did not reveal any local recurrence or metastasis. He remained asymptomatic throughout. A follow-up CT done two and half years later revealed an enhancing retrocrural-retroperitoneal (posterior pararenal space) soft tissue mass measuring 12 cm x 10 cm x 6 cm. Another enhancing deposit was found in the left pleural space. This lesion was found infiltrating into the subjacent lung. Both these deposits were resected along with wedge resection of the affected subsegment of the lung. Histopathology confirmed these lesions to be metastases from the lymphocyte-rich thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Debnath
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Command Hospital (SC), Wanowrie, Pune, Maharashtra 411040, India.
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Chawla N, Feldman J, Moyer P, Mitchell P, Rebholz C, Beshansky J. 170: Reviewer Determination of Paramedic Performance in Recognition of ST Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Performance Measurement Depends on the Reviewer. Ann Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.06.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Feldman J, Moyer P, Chawla N, Beshansky J, Mitchell P, Rebholz C, Dyer K, Manger J, Selker H. 290: Agreement Between Written Documentation and Verbal Notification by Out-of-Hospital Advanced Life Support Providers of ST Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Ann Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.06.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Simpson TL, Kaysen D, Bowen S, MacPherson LM, Chawla N, Blume A, Marlatt GA, Larimer M. PTSD symptoms, substance use, and vipassana meditation among incarcerated individuals. J Trauma Stress 2007; 20:239-49. [PMID: 17597132 DOI: 10.1002/jts.20209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated whether Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptom severity was associated with participation and treatment outcomes comparing a Vipassana meditation course to treatment as usual in an incarcerated sample. This study utilizes secondary data. The original study demonstrated that Vipassana meditation is associated with reductions in substance use. The present study found that PTSD symptom severity did not differ significantly between those who did and did not volunteer to take the course. Participation in the Vipassana course was associated with significantly greater reductions in substance use than treatment as usual, regardless of PTSD symptom severity levels. These results suggest that Vipassana meditation is worthy of further study for those with comorbid PTSD and substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Simpson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Chawla N, Feldman J, Moyer P, Dyer S, Manger J, Mitchell P, Rebholz C, Barnewolt B, Beshansky J, Brown D, Ho K, Jacobs A, Kimmelstiel C, Pearlmutter M, Rosenfield K, Ruthazer R, Shah PB, Selker H. Inter-observer Agreement about Out-of-hospital Notification of Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Crawford GA, Chawla N, Das K, Bose S, Bandyopadhyay A. Microstructure and deformation behavior of biocompatible TiO2 nanotubes on titanium substrate. Acta Biomater 2007; 3:359-67. [PMID: 17067860 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Titanium oxide coatings have been shown to exhibit desirable properties as biocompatible coatings. We report on the quantitative microstructure characterization and deformation behavior of TiO(2) nanotubes on Ti substrate. Nanotubes were processed using anodic oxidation of Ti in a NaF electrolyte solution. Characterization of the as-processed coatings was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam milling. Increases in anodization time had no significant effect on tube diameter or tube wall thickness. Coating thickness, however, increased with time up to 2h of anodization, at which point an equilibrium thickness was established. Nanoindentation was used to probe the mechanical response in terms of Young's modulus and hardness. Progressively higher values of elastic modulus were obtained for thinner films consistent with increasing effects of the Ti substrate. A possible deformation mechanism of densification of the porous oxide and wear of the dense surface is suggested and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Crawford
- School of Materials, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-8706, USA
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Chawla N. Discovering Knowledge in Data: An Introduction to Data Mining. Brief Bioinform 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/6.4.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chawla N, Williams J, Saha R. Mechanical behavior and microstructure characterization of sinter-forged SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1471-5317(03)00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Philipp BL, Merewood A, Miller LW, Chawla N, Murphy-Smith MM, Gomes JS, Cimo S, Cook JT. Baby-friendly hospital initiative improves breastfeeding initiation rates in a US hospital setting. Pediatrics 2001; 108:677-81. [PMID: 11533335 DOI: 10.1542/peds.108.3.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breastfeeding initiation rates were compared at Boston Medical Center before (1995), during (1998), and after (1999) Baby-Friendly policies were in place. Boston Medical Center, an inner-city teaching hospital that provides care primarily to poor, minority, and immigrant families, achieved Baby-Friendly status in 1999. METHODS Two hundred complete medical records, randomly selected by a computer, were reviewed from each of 3 years: 1995, 1998, and 1999. Infants were excluded for medical records missing feeding data, human immunodeficiency virus-positive parent, neonatal intensive care unit admission, maternal substance abuse, adoption, incarceration, or hepatitis C-positive mother. All infant feedings during the hospital postpartum stay were tallied, and each infant was categorized into 1 of 4 groups: exclusive breast milk, mostly breast milk, mostly formula, and exclusive formula. RESULTS Maternal and infant demographics for all 3 years were comparable. The breastfeeding initiation rate increased from 58% (1995) to 77.5% (1998) to 86.5% (1999). Infants exclusively breastfed increased from 5.5% (1995) to 28.5% (1998) to 33.5% (1999). Initiation rates increased among US-born black mothers in this population from 34% (1995) to 64% (1998) to 74% (1999). CONCLUSIONS Full implementation of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding leading to Baby-Friendly designation is an effective strategy to increase breastfeeding initiation rates in the US hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Philipp
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Saxe G, Stoddard F, Courtney D, Cunningham K, Chawla N, Sheridan R, King D, King L. Relationship between acute morphine and the course of PTSD in children with burns. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40:915-21. [PMID: 11501691 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200108000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the dose of morphine administered during a child's hospitalization for an acute burn and the course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over the 6-month period following discharge from the hospital. METHOD Twenty-four children admitted to the hospital for an acute burn were assessed twice with the Child PTSD Reaction Index: while in the hospital and 6 months after discharge. The Colored Analogue Pain Scale was also administered during the hospitalization. All patients received morphine while in the hospital. The mean dose of morphine (mg/kg/day) was calculated for each subject through chart review. RESULTS The Pearson product moment correlation revealed a significant association between the dose of morphine received while in the hospital and a 6-month reduction in PTSD symptoms. Children receiving higher doses of morphine had a greater reduction in PTSD symptoms over 6 months. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the possibility that acute treatment with morphine can secondarily prevent PTSD. This result is discussed in terms of the possible effect of morphine on fear conditioning and the consolidation of traumatic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saxe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A Behl
- Classified Specialist (Surgery and Oncosurgery), Mumbai - 400 005
| | - E James
- Classified Specialist (ENT), Mumbai - 400 005
| | | | - N Chawla
- Classified Specialist (Pathology). INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai - 400 005
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Behl A, Soni N, Bedi VS, Chawla N. LEIOMYOMA OF OESOPHAGUS (A Report on Two Cases). Med J Armed Forces India 2001; 57:174-6. [PMID: 27407332 PMCID: PMC4925845 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(01)80149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Behl
- Classified Specialist (Surgery and Oncosurgery), Mumbai-400 005
| | - N Soni
- Post Graduate Trainee (Surgery), Mumbai-400 005
| | - V S Bedi
- Classified Specialist (Surgery and Vascular Surgery), Mumbai-400 005
| | - N Chawla
- Classified Specialist (Pathology), INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005
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Gupta MK, Thergaonkar WP, Chawla N. Anonymous testing of HIV infection in pregnant women. J Commun Dis 1998; 30:121-2. [PMID: 9914680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Gupta
- INHS, Kalyani Gandhigram, Visakhapatnam
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Abstract
Involvement of the female genital tract by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is extremely rare. Here is the report of a patient who presented as a bilateral malignant ovarian tumour and was diagnosed by laparotomy and subsequent histopathology to have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of both ovaries and appendix. The patient had radical surgery followed by multiagent chemotherapy and is alive without disease at one year of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chawla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
1. In unanaesthetized pigeons the effect on cloacal temperature was studied of acetylcholine (ACh), carbachol, atropine and (+)-tubocurarine injected into a cannulated lateral cerebral ventricle. The experiments were carried out at an ambient temperature of 19-25 degrees C. 2. ACh or carbachol injected intraventricularly produced hyperthermia, and in larger doses hyperthermia followed by hypothermia. These were central effects because they were not obtained when these drugs were injected in the same doses intravenously. 3. Atropine injected intraventricularly produced hypothermia which was greater and longer lasting than the hypothermia produced with the same dose of atropine injected intravenously. After the intraventricular injection of atropine the hyperthermic effects of ACh and of carbachol were abolished. 4. (+)-Tubocurarine injected intraventricularly produced a long-lasting hyperthermia in doses which had no effect on temperature when injected intravenously. After the intraventricular injection of tubocurarine the hypothermic effects of ACh and of carbachol were abolished. 5. It is concluded that the effects of ACh had carbachol imitate the effects of ACh released from cholinergic neurones in the central pathway involved in temperature regulation. The hypothermic effect of atropine is attributed to unmasking the activity of continuously released ACh acting on nicotinic receptors, and the hyperthermic effect of tubocurarine to unmasking the activity of continuously released ACh acting on muscarinic receptors.
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Abstract
1 In unanaesthetized pigeons, kept at room temperature (20-23 degrees C) the effects on cloacal temperature were examined of catecholamines, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol, injected into the cerebral ventricles.2 Noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine and isoprenaline caused a fall in cloacal temperature.3 Phenoxybenzamine produced a long-lasting small rise in cloacal temperature. This rise is attributed to removal of the hypothermic effect of noradrenaline released continuously from adrenergic neurones ending in the anterior hypothalamus. Propranolol produced a slight fall in cloacal temperature.4 The hypothermic effects of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine were prevented by phenoxybenzamine but not by propranolol. They are therefore attributed to activation of alpha-adrenoceptors.5 The hypothermic effect of isoprenaline was not prevented by either phenoxybenzamine or propranolol. The effect can therefore not be attributed to activation of either alpha or beta-adrenoceptors. Propranolol actually accentuated the isoprenaline-induced hypothermia.
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