1
|
Lee J, Shepperd R, Smith M, Anand G. Recognising side effects of antipsychotics in children with intellectual disabilities. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e251974. [PMID: 36599495 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-251974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Risperidone and aripiprazole are increasingly used for behavioural indications in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities, including autism. Although there are some reports in literature, the side effect profile in this population remains poorly defined and there is a need to raise awareness among clinicians across specialties. We present two patients with significant intellectual disabilities who developed extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE) including oculogyric crisis following risperidone and aripiprazole use. The onset of these side effects can be insidious and the non-specific nature of the presentation, for example, poor mobility and increased drooling on a background of severe intellectual disability, can lend itself to delay in recognition and reporting by families. There is also reduced awareness among paediatricians, which can further delay the treatment of this reversible condition. There needs to be ongoing vigilance for EPSE as they can develop years after treatment has been initiated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lee
- Acute Paediatrics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosie Shepperd
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services Learning Disability Team, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Smith
- Paediatric Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Geetha Anand
- Acute Paediatrics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pérez-Núñez P, Lázaro E, Amayra I, López-Paz JF, Caballero P, Martínez O, Pérez M, Berrocoso S, Al-Rashaida M, García M, Rodríguez AA, Luna PM. Music therapy and Sanfilippo syndrome: an analysis of psychological and physiological variables of three case studies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:486. [PMID: 34801065 PMCID: PMC8605530 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III) or Sanfilippo syndrome is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the body. As the symptoms are wide ranging, it is a challenge to provide a diagnosis and psychological treatment for affected children. Method The main objective of this study was to describe a form of music therapy treatment applied to three children diagnosed with MPS III. The psychological variables were evaluated by an ad hoc observation recording template, and the physiological variables were measured with a digital meter before and after each session. The perception of the parents was also considered through a semi-structured interview. Results An improvement in the psychological variables was shown in all cases. Changes in the physiological variables were also noted, although they varied according to each child. The parents report some benefit of music therapy and they share difficulty in assessing the extent of benefits of the music therapy. Discussion Findings indicate that music therapy can be a useful form of treatment with multiple benefits for children with conditions such as MPS III or similar conditions. However, further research is needed in this area and in the development of specific ways of evaluating music therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Pérez-Núñez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - E Lázaro
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - I Amayra
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J F López-Paz
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - P Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - O Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Pérez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - S Berrocoso
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Al-Rashaida
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M García
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A A Rodríguez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - P M Luna
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type III: Review of Death Certificates and the Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194445. [PMID: 34640463 PMCID: PMC8509825 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III, Sanfilippo disease) is a life-limiting recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzymes involved in degrading glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate. MPS III is characterized by progressive deterioration of the central nervous system. Respiratory tract infections have been reported as frequent and as the most common cause of death, but gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations have not been acknowledged as a cause of concern. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of GI problems as a primary cause of death and to review GI symptoms reported in published studies. METHODS Causes of death from 221 UK death certificates (1957-2020) were reviewed and the literature was searched to ascertain reported GI symptoms. RESULTS GI manifestations were listed in 5.9% (n = 13) of death certificates. Median (IQR) age at death was 16.7 (5.3) years. Causes of death included GI failure, GI bleed, haemorrhagic pancreatitis, perforation due to gastrostomies, paralytic ileus and emaciation. Twenty-one GI conditions were reported in 30 studies, mostly related to functional GI disorders, including diarrhoea, dysphagia, constipation, faecal incontinence, abdominal pain/distension and cachexia. CONCLUSIONS GI manifestations may be an under-recognized but important clinical feature of MPS III. Early recognition of GI symptoms and timely interventions is an important part of the management of MPS III patients.
Collapse
|
4
|
De Risi M, Tufano M, Alvino FG, Ferraro MG, Torromino G, Gigante Y, Monfregola J, Marrocco E, Pulcrano S, Tunisi L, Lubrano C, Papy-Garcia D, Tuchman Y, Salleo A, Santoro F, Bellenchi GC, Cristino L, Ballabio A, Fraldi A, De Leonibus E. Altered heparan sulfate metabolism during development triggers dopamine-dependent autistic-behaviours in models of lysosomal storage disorders. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3495. [PMID: 34108486 PMCID: PMC8190083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders characterized by altered metabolism of heparan sulfate, including Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) III and MPS-II, exhibit lysosomal dysfunctions leading to neurodegeneration and dementia in children. In lysosomal storage disorders, dementia is preceded by severe and therapy-resistant autistic-like symptoms of unknown cause. Using mouse and cellular models of MPS-IIIA, we discovered that autistic-like behaviours are due to increased proliferation of mesencephalic dopamine neurons originating during embryogenesis, which is not due to lysosomal dysfunction, but to altered HS function. Hyperdopaminergia and autistic-like behaviours are corrected by the dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390, providing a potential alternative strategy to the D2-like antagonist haloperidol that has only minimal therapeutic effects in MPS-IIIA. These findings identify embryonic dopaminergic neurodevelopmental defects due to altered function of HS leading to autistic-like behaviours in MPS-II and MPS-IIIA and support evidence showing that altered HS-related gene function is causative of autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Tufano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Torromino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Ylenia Gigante
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Jlenia Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Marrocco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lea Tunisi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Lubrano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Yaakov Tuchman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohammad SS, Paget SP, Dale RC. Current therapies and therapeutic decision making for childhood-onset movement disorders. Mov Disord 2019; 34:637-656. [PMID: 30919519 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement disorders differ in children to adults. First, neurodevelopmental movement disorders such as tics and stereotypies are more prevalent than parkinsonism, and second, there is a genomic revolution which is now explaining many early-onset dystonic syndromes. We outline an approach to children with movement disorders starting with defining the movement phenomenology, determining the level of functional impairment due to abnormal movements, and screening for comorbid psychiatric conditions and cognitive impairments which often contribute more to disability than the movements themselves. The rapid improvement in our understanding of the etiology of movement disorders has resulted in an increasing focus on precision medicine, targeting treatable conditions and defining modifiable disease processes. We profile some of the key disease-modifying therapies in metabolic, neurotransmitter, inflammatory, and autoimmune conditions and the increasing focus on gene or cellular therapies. When no disease-modifying therapies are possible, symptomatic therapies are often all that is available. These classically target dopaminergic, cholinergic, alpha-adrenergic, or GABAergic neurochemistry. Increasing interest in neuromodulation has highlighted that some clinical syndromes respond better to DBS, and further highlights the importance of "disease-specific" therapies with a future focus on individualized therapies according to the genomic findings or disease pathways that are disrupted. We summarize some pragmatic applications of symptomatic therapies, neuromodulation techniques, and some rehabilitative interventions and provide a contemporary overview of treatment in childhood-onset movement disorders. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Movement Disorders Unit, T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology, the Children's Hospital at Westmead and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon P Paget
- Kids Rehab, the Children's Hospital at Westmead and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Movement Disorders Unit, T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology, the Children's Hospital at Westmead and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that are caused for the most part by enzyme deficiencies within the lysosome resulting in accumulation of undegraded substrate. This storage process leads to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the specific substrate and site of accumulation. Examples of LSDs include the mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, oligosaccharidoses, Pompe disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, the Niemann-Pick disorders, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. This review summarizes the main clinical features, diagnosis, and management of LSDs with an emphasis on those for which treatment is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that are caused for the most part by enzyme deficiencies within the lysosome resulting in accumulation of undegraded substrate. This storage process leads to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the specific substrate and site of accumulation. Examples of LSDs include the mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, oligosaccharidoses, Pompe disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, the Niemann-Pick disorders, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. This review summarizes the main clinical features, diagnosis, and management of LSDs with an emphasis on those for which treatment is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Escolar ML, Jones SA, Shapiro EG, Horovitz DDG, Lampe C, Amartino H. Practical management of behavioral problems in mucopolysaccharidoses disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122S:35-40. [PMID: 29170079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) disorders are caused by deficiencies of specific lysosomal enzymes, resulting in progressive glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation in cells and tissues throughout the body. Excessive GAG storage can lead to a variety of somatic manifestations as well as primary and secondary neurological symptoms. Behavioral problems (like hyperactivity, attention difficulties, and severe frustration) and sleeping problems are typical primary neurological symptoms of MPS caused by GAG accumulation in neurons, and are frequently observed in patients with MPS I, II, III, and VII. As these problems often place a significant burden on the family, proper management is important. This review summarizes current insights into behavioral and sleeping problems in MPS disorders and the most optimal management approaches, as presented and discussed during a meeting of an international group of experts with extensive experience in managing and treating MPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Escolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Simon A Jones
- Willink Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, CMFT, Manchester, UK
| | - Elsa G Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Shapiro Neuropsychology Consultants, LLC, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dafne D G Horovitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Women, Children and Adolescent Health Fernandes Figueira/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Lampe
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Rare Diseases, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Hernán Amartino
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cappuccio G, Brunetti-Pierri N, Terrone G, Romano A, Andria G, Del Giudice E. Low-dose amitriptyline-induced acute dystonia in a patient with metachromatic leukodystrophy. JIMD Rep 2012; 9:113-116. [PMID: 23430556 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2012_188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute dystonia is an abrupt event mainly related to toxicity of drugs such as antiemetics, antipsychotics, anti-acids, and, more rarely, tricyclic antidepressants. Use of amitriptyline in metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) due to arylsulfatase A deficiency, is suggested to control neurological pain and irritability. We describe a patient with MLD who experienced acute dystonia as a side effect of low dosage of amitriptyline. The distribution of psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants, depends upon lysosomal trapping which is inefficient in LSD. The defective lysosomal depot might raise cerebral levels of amitriptyline, thus enhancing its adverse effects.Physicians caring for children with MLD treated with psychotropic drugs should be aware of such adverse events which are potentially related to lysosomal dysfunction. This experience raises a potential concern about the appropriate dose of amitriptyline in patients with MLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via s. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via s. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via s. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Romano
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via s. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Generoso Andria
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via s. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ennio Del Giudice
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Via s. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|