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Brody E, Greenhalgh SP, Sajjad M. Free Speech or Free to Hate?: Anti-LGBTQ+ Discourses in LGBTQ+-Affirming Spaces on Gab Social. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:2030-2055. [PMID: 37505504 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2218959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a critical discourse analysis of groups on the free speech social media platform Gab that were intended to be LGBTQ+-friendly but became spaces of queerphobia. Results indicate that Gab users deployed discourses of difference to situate the platform as heteronormative and to denigrate the LGBTQ+ community. In particular, discourses utilized in the name of free speech were used to establish LGBTQ+ individuals as abominations, undergird hegemonic masculinity, and marginalize queer folk by reducing them to sex acts and sex organs. This study provides a better understanding of the (in)efficacy of "free speech" as a content moderation policy and unpacks how anti-LGBTQ+ hate speech spreads in digital spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Brody
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Mehroz Sajjad
- Department of Integrated Strategic Communication, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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West M, Rice S, Vella-Brodrick D. Adolescent Social Media Use through a Self-Determination Theory Lens: A Systematic Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:862. [PMID: 39063439 PMCID: PMC11277189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media is an integral part of adolescents' lives and has a strong influence on development and wellbeing. Research examining adolescent social media use and wellbeing is confusing as findings are inconsistent, inconclusive and contradictory. To address this issue, digital wellbeing scholars recommend that researchers adopt a theoretical approach with the aim of increasing meaningfulness and applicability of findings. Hence, this review applies self-determination theory to investigate how adolescent social media use supports and thwarts the basic psychological needs of relatedness, autonomy and competence. Satisfaction of all three psychological needs is essential for optimal development and wellbeing. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using a systematic search of five databases relating to adolescent social media use. The preferred items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (extension for scoping reviews) was applied resulting in 86 included studies. RESULTS Adolescent social media use both supports and thwarts relatedness, autonomy and competence. The findings highlighted how different aspects of adolescent social media use (including intra-personal, inter-personal, situational and environmental factors) contribute to the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs. CONCLUSIONS This review illustrates how social media can be both beneficial and detrimental to satisfying the basic psychological needs of relatedness, autonomy and competence. This is important when considering that if psychological needs are satisfied or frustrated in adolescence, the repercussions can have a cascading effect throughout adulthood. This review identifies gaps in the literature and provides suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique West
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
| | - Simon Rice
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
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Snyder CR, Mohammed SA. A Critical Race Theory Analysis of Mental Health Disparities Research. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01840-x. [PMID: 37884854 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Health disparities and the impact of racism on the mental and physical health of people of color has been well-documented. However, health research has historically approached race as a genetic and biological attribute to explain differences in health outcomes. Although more recent policies and research have begun to move toward conceptualizing race as a socially constructed category that can be thought of as a proxy for racism, the ways in which race and racism are conceptualized in mental health disparities research needs deeper analysis. Using critical race theory (CRT) and content analysis, we investigate how mental health research has examined race, racism, and mental health in PubMed articles published between 2012 and 2022. Findings suggest a need for more complex conceptualizations of race, particularly related to essentialized, monoracial framings that rarely explore how race is defined and employed. Much of the research analyzed did not position racism, discrimination, or oppression as central to contextualizing racial mental health disparities. Additionally, the role of voice was often missing, limiting understandings of racialized experiences. Results of this analysis illuminate areas the need for more racism conscious approaches to understanding racial disparities in mental health and identifying opportunities to promote health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyndy R Snyder
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Selina A Mohammed
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, USA
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Martin P, Alberti C, Gottot S, Bourmaud A, de La Rochebrochard E. Young people's proposals for a web-based intervention for sexual health promotion: a French qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1389. [PMID: 37468863 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting sexual health is key to improving the supportive behaviors and well-being of young people. With the advent of the Internet, web-based features for sexual health promotion may be attractive to a diverse range of young people. This study aims to assess young people's proposals regarding a web-based intervention for sexual health promotion. METHODS Nineteen French young people aged 15-24 years participated to the study. In a semi-structured interview, they presented their views on a web-based intervention for sexual promotion. Data were coded with N'Vivo and subjected to qualitative thematic analysis to explore their proposals. RESULTS The majority of participants (n = 18) thought that a web-based intervention for sexual health promotion would be attractive. Young people interviewed made 31 concrete proposals for sexual health promotion on the Internet. Participatory and interactive dimensions on the internet appeared essential, with the need for stimulating activities and interaction with peers, but also with competent professionals and moderation. Face to the risks of the internet, they expressed the need of a secure and confidential space, to generate trust and participation in intervention. For participants, sexual health should be addressed in all its dimensions, taking into account the relational, sexual, and gender dimensions, and by incrementing on the internet valid, credible and personalized content. CONCLUSIONS In sexual health promotion, young people are indispensable stakeholders who can make concrete proposals and can also participate in content creation and research. More broadly, in health promotion, involving target audiences in decisions represents a promising perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Martin
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, Inserm U1123 UFR de Médecine, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.
- AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Unité d'épidémiologie clinique, 1426, Inserm, CIC, France.
- GDID Santé, Paris, France.
- Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (INED), UR14 - Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, Aubervilliers, F-93322, France.
| | - Corinne Alberti
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, Inserm U1123 UFR de Médecine, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Unité d'épidémiologie clinique, 1426, Inserm, CIC, France
| | | | - Aurélie Bourmaud
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, Inserm U1123 UFR de Médecine, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Unité d'épidémiologie clinique, 1426, Inserm, CIC, France
| | - Elise de La Rochebrochard
- Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (INED), UR14 - Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, Aubervilliers, F-93322, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, F-94800, France
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Chan RC. Benefits and risks of LGBT social media use for sexual and gender minority individuals: An investigation of psychosocial mechanisms of LGBT social media use and well-being. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Barsigian LL, Howard C, Quintero Davalos A, Walsh AS, Manago AM. Engagement with Master and Alternative Narratives of Gender and Sexuality Among LGBTQ+ Youth in the Digital Age. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584221150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gender and sexuality are contentious political issues in the US, with a resurgence of traditional master narratives for gender following decades of advances for gender equality. To understand how today’s LGBTQ+ youth navigate this narrative landscape in a polymedia context, we conducted social media tour interviews with 20 LGBTQ+ adolescents (aged 16–19), recording audiovisual data as they guided us through important posts on their top three public social media platforms. Through reflexive thematic analysis, we found that our participants were engaging with both longstanding master narratives (e.g., traditional gender roles) and contemporary alternative narratives (e.g., gender as non-binary) using three key navigational strategies for engaging with narratives on social media platforms: seeking and sharing information, creating queer community, and making choices about visibility and permanence. The meaning and purpose of these strategies for participants, both individually and collectively, could not be fully understood apart from three key navigational contexts: the traditional gender narrative, white liberal community context, and platform affordances. Our results demonstrate that narrative engagement for contemporary LGBTQ+ adolescents is deeply influenced by personal polymedia environments, identity intersections, and power structures shaping possibilities for individual identity expression and collective cultural transformation.
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Coping Strategies to Enhance the Mental Wellbeing of Sexual and Gender Minority Youths: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148738. [PMID: 35886595 PMCID: PMC9319075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Robust population-based research has established that sexual and gender minority youths (SGMYs) are at an increased risk of mental ill-health, but there is a dearth of literature that seeks to explore how to best support SGMY mental wellbeing. This scoping review aims to identify findings related to coping strategies and/or interventions for building resilience and/or enhancing the mental wellbeing of SGMYs. PRISMA extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines was utilized for this review. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed papers containing primary data; reported psycho-social coping strategies for SGMY; were conducted with SGMYs in the adolescent age range; and were published in English. MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched. Of the 3692 papers initially identified, 68 papers were included with 24 intervention-focused studies of 17 unique interventions found. The most commonly cited therapeutic modality was cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (n = 11 studies). Despite the need to support the mental wellbeing of SGMYs, few interventions focused on this area and unique populations have been reported upon in the peer-reviewed literature. As a result, there is considerable potential to develop supports for SGMYs.
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Berger MN, Taba M, Marino JL, Lim MSC, Skinner SR. Social media use and health and wellbeing of LGBTQ youth: A systematic review (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e38449. [PMID: 36129741 PMCID: PMC9536523 DOI: 10.2196/38449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals are at higher risk of poor mental health and well-being. Social media platforms can provide LGBTQ youths with a space that counters heteronormative environments and potentially supports mental health and well-being. Mental health includes an individual’s state of psychological and emotional well-being and not merely the absence of mental disorders. Objective We sought to identify how LGBTQ youths and adolescents use social media for connection with other LGBTQ peers and groups, identity development, and social support and how these affect mental health and well-being. Methods PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) procedures were used to guide this review. Searches were conducted in ACM Digital Library, CINAHL, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science in March 2021. This review focused on LGBTQ youths aged 10 to 24 years. Included peer-reviewed studies must comprise social media; explore peer connection, identity development, or social support; and be published from 2012 onward. In total, 2 researchers extracted data and performed quality assessments independently using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quantitative articles and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative articles. Qualitative synthesis was performed on articles that satisfied the eligibility criteria. Results A total of 26 studies (n=15, 58% qualitative; n=8, 31% quantitative; n=3, 12% mixed methods) met the inclusion criteria. Of the 8 quantitative studies, 6 (75%) were cross-sectional, and 2 (25%) were cohort studies. All studies ranged from moderate to high quality. Social media was a popular tool used by LGBTQ youths to connect with LGBTQ communities. In qualitative data, we found that LGBTQ youths negotiated and explored identity and obtained support from peers on social media. Instagram, Tumblr, and Twitter were commonly used to access LGBTQ content owing to ease of anonymity. Identity management was the most studied social media affordance, important to LGBTQ youths for strategic disclosure. Key strategies for managing identities included being anonymous, censoring locations or content, restricting audiences, and using multiple accounts. Quantitative studies (3/8, 38%) showed that social media was associated with reduced mental health concerns and increased well-being among LGBTQ youths. Mental health concerns arising from social media use were attributed to discrimination, victimization, and policies that did not accommodate changed identities. Conclusions We found that social media may support the mental health and well-being of LGBTQ youths through peer connection, identity management, and social support, but findings were limited by weaknesses in the evidence. More robust and longitudinal studies are needed to determine the relationship between social media use and LGBTQ mental health, particularly among adolescents. The findings may inform interventions to promote social media health literacy and the mental health and well-being of this vulnerable group. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42020222535; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=222535
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Berger
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Centre for Population Health, Western Sydney Public Health Unit, North Parramatta, Australia
| | - Melody Taba
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Marino
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Megan S C Lim
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Rachel Skinner
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Kids Research, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
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Ehrenreich SE, George MJ, Burnell K, Underwood MK. Importance of Digital Communication in Adolescents' Development: Theoretical and Empirical Advancements in the Last Decade. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:928-943. [PMID: 34820954 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The past decade saw a sharp increase in the use of smartphones and digital communication platforms. This manuscript reviews advancements in the study of digital communication and adolescent development over the last decade. We highlight theoretical models that seek to explain the power of digital media in adolescents' lives. We then examine research conducted over the last decade on five aspects of digital media: (1) potential to contribute to adolescent development, (2) associations with mental health, (3) differential impact of active versus passive social media use, (4) cyberbullying, and (5) sexting. We conclude with a discussion of potential opportunities and challenges for studying the role of digital communication in adolescents' development during the coming decade.
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Hermosa-Bosano C, Hidalgo-Andrade P, Paz C. Geosocial Networking Apps Use Among Sexual Minority Men in Ecuador: An Exploratory Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2995-3009. [PMID: 34117560 PMCID: PMC8563596 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Geosocial networking applications (GSN apps) have become important socialization contexts for sexual minority men (SMM). Despite their popularity, there is limited research carried out in Latin American countries and no single previous study done in Ecuador. To fill this gap, this exploratory study described and analyzed the relationships between the sociodemographic characteristics of SMM using GSN apps, their sought and fulfilled expectations, profile shared and sought characteristics, and the evaluation of their experiences as users including their perceptions of support, and discrimination. We used an online recruited sample of 303 participants enrolled between November 2019 and January 2020. Most respondents used Grindr and reported spending up to 3 h per day using apps. Most common sought expectations were getting distracted, meeting new friends, and meeting people for sexual encounters. The least met expectation was meeting someone to build a romantic relationship with. When asked about their profiles, participants reported sharing mainly their age, photographs, and sexual role. Participants also prioritized these characteristics when looking at others' profiles. When asked about their experiences, most reported having been discriminated against, weight being the main reason for it. Some participants also indicated having received emotional support from other users. Correlation analyses indicated significant but weak relationships among the variables. Results indicated a positive correlation between time as an active GSN app user and higher experiences of discrimination. Likewise, higher number of used apps related positively with levels of received support. These results provide information that could inform future research in the country and the region regarding GSN apps use among SMM, socialization practices, and modern dating tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hermosa-Bosano
- School of Psychology, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Redondel del Ciclista, Antigua Vía a Nayón, Campus UDLAPark, 170124, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Paula Hidalgo-Andrade
- School of Psychology, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Redondel del Ciclista, Antigua Vía a Nayón, Campus UDLAPark, 170124, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Clara Paz
- School of Psychology, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Redondel del Ciclista, Antigua Vía a Nayón, Campus UDLAPark, 170124, Quito, Ecuador
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Pellicane MJ, Cooks JA, Ciesla JA. Longitudinal effects of social media experiences on depression and anxiety in LGB+ and heterosexual young adults. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2020.1776805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A. Cooks
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Ciesla
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Michikyan M. Linking online self‐presentation to identity coherence, identity confusion, and social anxiety in emerging adulthood. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 38:543-565. [DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minas Michikyan
- Department of Psychology California State University Los Angeles California USA
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Goedel WC, Jin H, Sutten Coats C, Ogunbajo A, Restar AJ. Predictors of User Engagement With Facebook Posts Generated by a National Sample of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Community Centers in the United States: Content Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2020; 6:e16382. [PMID: 32012104 PMCID: PMC7013651 DOI: 10.2196/16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community centers remain important venues for reaching and providing crucial health and social services to LGBTQ individuals in the United States. These organizations commonly use Facebook to reach their target audiences, but little is known about factors associated with user engagement with their social media presence. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify factors associated with engagement with Facebook content generated by LGBTQ community centers in the United States. METHODS Content generated by LGBTQ community centers in 2017 was downloaded using Facebook's application programming interface. Posts were classified by their content and sentiment. Correlates of user engagement were identified using negative binomial regression. RESULTS A total of 32,014 posts from 175 community centers were collected. Posts with photos (incidence rate ratio, [IRR] 1.07; 95% CI 1.06-1.09) and videos (IRR 1.54; 95% CI 1.52-1.56) that contained a direct invitation for engagement (IRR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02-1.04), that expressed a positive sentiment (IRR 1.11; 95% CI 1.10-1.12), and that contained content related to stigma (IRR 1.16; 95% CI 1.14-1.17), mental health (IRR 1.33; 95% CI 1.31-1.35), and politics (IRR 1.28; 95% CI 1.27-1.29) received higher levels of engagement. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide support for the use of Facebook to extend the reach of LGBTQ community centers and highlight multiple factors that can be leveraged to optimize engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Goedel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Harry Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Cassandra Sutten Coats
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Adedotun Ogunbajo
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Arjee J Restar
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Bosse JD. Sexual and Gender Identity Development in Young Adults and Implications for Healthcare. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Escobar-Viera C, Shensa A, Hamm M, Melcher EM, Rzewnicki DI, Egan JE, Sidani JE, Primack BA. "I Don't Feel Like the Odd One": Utilizing Content Analysis to Compare the Effects of Social Media Use on Well-Being Among Sexual Minority and Nonminority US Young Adults. Am J Health Promot 2019; 34:285-293. [PMID: 31698919 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119885517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although there is evidence of associations between social media (SM) use and mental well-being among the general population, these associations among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons are poorly understood. This study compared the influence of SM experiences on mental well-being between LGB and non-LGB persons. DESIGN AND SETTING Online cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS National sample of 2408 US adults aged 18 to 30 years. METHOD We asked participants to provide examples of when SM affected their well-being separately in good and bad ways. We coded, summed, and used rate ratios (RRs) to compare responses of LGB and non-LGB individuals. Thematically similar codes were described and grouped into categories. RESULTS Most responses described positive SM effects. However, of 6 codes that were significantly more frequent among LGB respondents, only social capital (RR = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-2.12) described a positive effect. Five codes described negative effects of SM for LGB users: negative emotional contagion (RR = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.04-1.58), comparison with others (RR = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.01-1.62), real-life repercussions (RR = 1.86, 95% CI, 1.18-2.94), envy (RR = 2.49, 95% CI, 1.48-4.19), and need for profile management (RR = 2.32, 95% CI, 1.07-5.03). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, for LGB persons, gaining social capital from SM is valuable for establishing and maintaining connections. Increased negative SM experiences may pose a risk for the mental well-being of LGB individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel Shensa
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Hamm
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - James E Egan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaime E Sidani
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian A Primack
- College of Education and health Professions, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Mereish EH, Sheskier M, Hawthorne D, Goldbach JT. Sexual orientation disparities in mental health and substance use among Black American young people in the USA: effects of cyber and bias-based victimisation. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2019; 21:985-998. [PMID: 30601086 PMCID: PMC6602804 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2018.1532113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored sexual orientation disparities in mental health and substance use outcomes among racial minorities. This study examined sexual orientation disparities in depression, suicidality and substance use among Black American young people in the USA, and the mediating role of cyber and bias-based victimisation in accounting for these disparities. Secondary analyses were performed on data from a probability sample of young people (N = 1,129) collected in a school district in the south-eastern USA. Participants reported socio-demographics, depressive symptoms, suicidality, substance use and experiences of bias-based and cyber victimisation. With some exceptions, Black participants who were lesbian, gay, bisexual or mostly heterosexual reported higher rates of depression, suicidal ideation, suicide planning and substance use than Black heterosexual participants. Black lesbian, gay, bisexual and mostly heterosexual participants reported more cyber and bias-based victimisation than Black heterosexual participants. Sexual orientation disparities in mental health and, to some extent, substance use were partially explained by both forms of victimisation. Further research is needed to address the role of bias-based and cyber victimisation in disparities in mental health and substance use among Black sexual minority young people. The present study carries implications for prevention and treatment efforts for racially diverse sexual minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H. Mereish
- Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mikela Sheskier
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Hawthorne
- Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeremy T. Goldbach
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Shankardass K, Robertson C, Shaughnessy K, Sykora M, Feick R. A unified ecological framework for studying effects of digital places on well-being. Soc Sci Med 2018; 227:119-127. [PMID: 30287115 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Social media has greatly expanded opportunities to study place and well-being through the availability of human expressions tagged with physical location. Such research often uses social media content to study how specific places in the offline world influence well-being without acknowledging that digital platforms (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Youtube, Yelp) are designed in unique ways that structure certain types of interactions in online and offline worlds, which can influence place-making and well-being. To expand our understanding of the mechanisms that influence social media expressions about well-being, we describe an ecological framework of person-place interactions that asks, "at what broad levels of interaction with digital platforms and physical environments do effects on well-being manifest?" The person is at the centre of the ecological framework to recognize how people define and organize both digital and physical communities and interactions. The relevance of interactions in physical environments depends on the built and natural characteristics encountered across modes of activity (e.g., domestic, work, study). Here, social interactions are stratified into the meso-social (e.g., local social norms) and micro-social (e.g., personal conversations) levels. The relevance of interactions in digital platforms is contingent on specific hardware and software elements. Social interactions at the meso-social level include platform norms and passive use of social media, such as observing the expressions of others, whereas interactions at the micro-level include more active uses, like direct messaging. Digital platforms are accessed in a physical location, and physical locations are partly experienced through online interactions; therefore, interactions between these environments are also acknowledged. We conclude by discussing the strengths and limitations of applying the framework to studies of place and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Shankardass
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3C5.
| | - Colin Robertson
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Krystelle Shaughnessy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Martin Sykora
- Centre for Information Management, School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Rob Feick
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Ring Rd, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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18
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Escobar-Viera CG, Whitfield DL, Wessel CB, Shensa A, Sidani JE, Brown AL, Chandler CJ, Hoffman BL, Marshal MP, Primack BA. For Better or for Worse? A Systematic Review of the Evidence on Social Media Use and Depression Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Minorities. JMIR Ment Health 2018; 5:e10496. [PMID: 30037786 PMCID: PMC6079300 DOI: 10.2196/10496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 90% of adults in the United States have at least one social media account, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons are more socially active on social media than heterosexuals. Rates of depression among LGB persons are between 1.5- and 2-fold higher than those among their heterosexual counterparts. Social media allows users to connect, interact, and express ideas, emotions, feelings, and thoughts. Thus, social media use might represent both a protective and a risk factor for depression among LGB persons. Studying the nature of the relationship between social media use and depression among LGB individuals is a necessary step to inform public health interventions for this population. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize and critique the evidence on social media use and depression among LGB populations. METHODS We conducted a literature search for quantitative and qualitative studies published between January 2003 and June 2017 using 3 electronic databases. Articles were included if they were peer-reviewed, were in English, assessed social media use either quantitatively or qualitatively, measured depression, and focused on LGB populations. A minimum of two authors independently extracted data from each study using an a priori developed abstraction form. We assessed appropriate reporting of studies using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research for quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively. RESULTS We included 11 articles in the review; 9 studies were quantitative and cross-sectional and 2 were qualitative. Appropriate reporting of results varied greatly. Across quantitative studies, we found heterogeneity in how social media use was defined and measured. Cyberbullying was the most studied social media experience and was associated with depression and suicidality. Qualitative studies found that while social media provides a space to disclose minority experiences and share ways to cope and get support, constant surveillance of one's social media profile can become a stressor, potentially leading to depression. In most studies, sexual minority participants were identified inconsistently. CONCLUSIONS This review supports the need for research on the role of social media use on depression outcomes among LBG persons. Using social media may be both a protective and a risk factor for depression among LGB individuals. Support gained via social media may buffer the impact of geographic isolation and loneliness. Negative experiences such as cyberbullying and other patterns of use may be associated with depression. Future research would benefit from more consistent definitions of both social media use and study populations. Moreover, use of larger samples and accounting for patterns of use and individuals' experiences on social media may help better understand the factors that impact LGB mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G Escobar-Viera
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, School of Medicine, University of Pittburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for LGBT Health Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Darren L Whitfield
- Center for LGBT Health Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Charles B Wessel
- Health Sciences Library, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ariel Shensa
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, School of Medicine, University of Pittburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jaime E Sidani
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, School of Medicine, University of Pittburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andre L Brown
- Center for LGBT Health Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cristian J Chandler
- Center for LGBT Health Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Beth L Hoffman
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, School of Medicine, University of Pittburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael P Marshal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian A Primack
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, School of Medicine, University of Pittburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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19
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"Everybody Puts Their Whole Life on Facebook": Identity Management and the Online Social Networks of LGBTQ Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061078. [PMID: 29861439 PMCID: PMC6025558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth and young adults almost inevitably “come out”, or self-disclose their identity to others. Some LGBTQ youth are more uniformly “out”, while others may disclose to some groups but not others. This selective disclosure is complicated on real name social media sites, which tend to encourage a unified presentation of self across social contexts. We explore these complications with a cohort of LBGTQ youth on Facebook (N = 199, Mage = 24.13). Herein we ask: How do LBGTQ youth manage the disclosure of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity to different people in their lives? Further, are there identifiable differences in the online social network structure for LGBTQ youth who manage outness in different ways? Finally, how do LGBTQ young people describe their experiences on Facebook? We answer these questions using a mixed methods approach, combining statistical cluster analysis, network visualization, and qualitative data. Our findings illustrate patterns in network structure by outness cluster type, highlighting both the work involved in managing one’s online identity as well as the costs to (semi-) closeted individuals including a considerably lower overall network connectivity. In particular, outness to family characterized LGBTQ young people’s experiences on Facebook.
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20
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Card KG, Lachowsky N, Hawkins BW, Jollimore J, Baharuddin F, Hogg RS. Predictors of Facebook User Engagement With Health-Related Content for Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Content Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018; 4:e38. [PMID: 29625953 PMCID: PMC5910534 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.8145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social media is used by community-based organizations (CBOs) to promote the well-being of gay and bisexual men (GBM). However, few studies have quantified which factors facilitate the diffusion of health content tailored for sexual minorities. Objective The aim of this study was to identify post characteristics that can be leveraged to optimize the health promotion efforts of CBOs on Facebook. Methods The Facebook application programming interface was used to collect 5 years’ of posts shared across 10 Facebook pages administered by Vancouver-based CBOs promoting GBM health. Network analysis assessed basic indicators of network structure. Content analyses were conducted using informatics-based approaches. Hierarchical negative binomial regression of post engagement data was used to identify meaningful covariates of engagement. Results In total, 14,071 posts were shared and 21,537 users engaged with these posts. Most users (n=13,315) engaged only once. There was moderate correlation between the number of posts and the number of CBOs users engaged with (r=.53, P<.001). Higher user engagement was positively associated with positive sentiment, sharing multimedia, and posting about pre-exposure prophylaxis, stigma, and mental health. Engagement was negatively associated with asking questions, posting about dating, and sharing posts during or after work (versus before). Conclusions Results highlight the existence of a core group of Facebook users who facilitate diffusion. Factors associated with greater user engagement present CBOs with a number of strategies for improving the diffusion of health content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiffer George Card
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathan Lachowsky
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Blake W Hawkins
- Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jody Jollimore
- Community-Based Research Centre for Gay Men's Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Robert S Hogg
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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