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Shea Z, Ogando do Granja M, Fletcher EB, Zheng Y, Bewick P, Wang Z, Singer WM, Zhang B. A Review of Bioactive Compound Effects from Primary Legume Protein Sources in Human and Animal Health. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4203-4233. [PMID: 38785525 PMCID: PMC11120442 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The global demand for sustainable and nutritious food sources has catalyzed interest in legumes, known for their rich repertoire of health-promoting compounds. This review delves into the diverse array of bioactive peptides, protein subunits, isoflavones, antinutritional factors, and saponins found in the primary legume protein sources-soybeans, peas, chickpeas, and mung beans. The current state of research on these compounds is critically evaluated, with an emphasis on the potential health benefits, ranging from antioxidant and anticancer properties to the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. The extensively studied soybean is highlighted and the relatively unexplored potential of other legumes is also included, pointing to a significant, underutilized resource for developing health-enhancing foods. The review advocates for future interdisciplinary research to further unravel the mechanisms of action of these bioactive compounds and to explore their synergistic effects. The ultimate goal is to leverage the full spectrum of benefits offered by legumes, not only to advance human health but also to contribute to the sustainability of food systems. By providing a comprehensive overview of the nutraceutical potential of legumes, this manuscript sets a foundation for future investigations aimed at optimizing the use of legumes in the global pursuit of health and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Shea
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh Agricultural Research Station, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Matheus Ogando do Granja
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Elizabeth B. Fletcher
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yaojie Zheng
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Patrick Bewick
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhibo Wang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Olivette, MO 63132, USA
| | - William M. Singer
- Center for Advanced Innovation in Agriculture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
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Prokopidis K, Mazidi M, Sankaranarayanan R, Tajik B, McArdle A, Isanejad M. Effects of whey and soy protein supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:759-770. [PMID: 35706399 PMCID: PMC9975787 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-grade inflammation is a mediator of muscle proteostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of isolated whey and soy proteins on inflammatory markers. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of randomised controlled trials (RCT) through MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases from inception until September 2021. To determine the effectiveness of isolated proteins on circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and TNF-α, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects (CRD42021252603). RESULTS Thirty-one RCT met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A significant reduction of circulating IL-6 levels following whey protein [Mean Difference (MD): -0·79, 95 % CI: -1·15, -0·42, I2 = 96 %] and TNF-α levels following soy protein supplementation (MD: -0·16, 95 % CI: -0·26, -0·05, I2 = 68 %) was observed. The addition of soy isoflavones exerted a further decline in circulating TNF-α levels (MD: -0·20, 95 % CI: -0·31, -0·08, I2 = 34 %). According to subgroup analysis, whey protein led to a statistically significant decrease in circulating IL-6 levels in individuals with sarcopenia and pre-frailty (MD: -0·98, 95 % CI: -1·56, -0·39, I2 = 0 %). These findings may be dependent on participant characteristics and treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS These data support that whey and soy protein supplementation elicit anti-inflammatory effects by reducing circulating IL-6 and TNF-α levels, respectively. This effect may be enhanced by soy isoflavones and may be more prominent in individuals with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajiv Sankaranarayanan
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Behnam Tajik
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne McArdle
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Corresponding author: Masoud Isanejad, email
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Zhang X, Veliky CV, Birru RL, Barinas-Mitchell E, Magnani JW, Sekikawa A. Potential Protective Effects of Equol (Soy Isoflavone Metabolite) on Coronary Heart Diseases-From Molecular Mechanisms to Studies in Humans. Nutrients 2021; 13:3739. [PMID: 34835997 PMCID: PMC8622975 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Equol, a soy isoflavone-derived metabolite of the gut microbiome, may be the key cardioprotective component of soy isoflavones. Systematic reviews have reported that soy isoflavones have no to very small effects on traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, the potential mechanistic mode of action of equol on non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors has not been systematically reviewed. We searched the PubMed through to July 2021 by using terms for equol and each of the following markers: inflammation, oxidation, endothelial function, vasodilation, atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, and coronary heart disease. Of the 231 records identified, 69 articles met the inclusion criteria and were summarized. Our review suggests that equol is more lipophilic, bioavailable, and generally more potent compared to soy isoflavones. Cell culture, animal, and human studies show that equol possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory properties and improves arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. Many of these actions are mediated through the estrogen receptor β. Overall, equol may have a greater cardioprotective benefit than soy isoflavones. Clinical studies of equol are warranted because equol is available as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (X.Z.); (C.V.V.); (R.L.B.); (E.B.-M.)
| | - Cole V. Veliky
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (X.Z.); (C.V.V.); (R.L.B.); (E.B.-M.)
| | - Rahel L. Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (X.Z.); (C.V.V.); (R.L.B.); (E.B.-M.)
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (X.Z.); (C.V.V.); (R.L.B.); (E.B.-M.)
| | - Jared W. Magnani
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (X.Z.); (C.V.V.); (R.L.B.); (E.B.-M.)
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Hariri M, Baradaran HR, Gholami A. The effect of soy protein containing soy isoflavones on serum concentration of cell adhesion molecules: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 61:102764. [PMID: 34333131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy protein in combination with soy isoflavones might reduce the serum concentration of inflammatory mediators. In this study, we attempted to summarize the effect of soy protein combined with soy isoflavones on circulating E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in adults. METHODS Clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for English articles with no time limit regarding publication up to December 2020. Thereafter, the mean changes from baseline and their standard deviations (SDs) for both intervention and comparison groups were used to calculate the effect size. We used DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model if the heterogeneity test was statistically significant. Cochran's Q test and I-squared statistic were also used to calculate the statistical heterogeneity of the intervention effects. RESULTS Eight articles were found as eligible for this study. The treatment duration was between 6 and 24 weeks. Soy isoflavones dose was in a range of 30-112 mg/day and soy protein dose was in a range of 11.25-52 g/day. Overall, taking soy protein supplements containing soy isoflavones was not associated with changes in cell adhesion molecules, E-selectin, ICAM-1, or VCAM-1 (WMD = 0.65, 95 % CI: -2.58, 3.89; p = 0.692; WMD = 2.68, 95 % CI: -0.98, 6.34; p = 0.151; WMD = 2.66, 95 % CI: -6.28, 11.61; p = 0.559, respectively). CONCLUSION The combination of soy protein and soy isoflavones was not significantly associated with changes in levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. However, we need more studies with a large sample size and more participants with different age categories in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on endothelial and vascular function in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:1425-1433. [PMID: 32881829 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The beneficial role of soy protein in cardiovascular health has been well documented in observational studies. However, evidence from clinical trials on effects of soy protein on endothelial function in postmenopausal women has been conflicting. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of soy protein supplement containing isoflavones on endothelial function in postmenopausal women. EVIDENCE REVIEW We searched PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Embase, and Google Scholar until March 2020 to find RCTs evaluating the impact of soy protein supplementation on endothelial function parameters. Random effects model (using DerSimonian-Laird method) was applied to synthesize quantitative data. We performed the leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. To quantitatively assess heterogeneity, the I index was applied. FINDINGS From a total of 267 studies identified from the initial search 15 and 5 studies were considered appropriate for inclusion into the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. In the meta-analysis, an insignificant enhancement in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after soy protein supplementation (0.882%; 95% CI: -1.059 to 2.822; P = 0.373) was found. However, subgroup analysis showed that supplementation of isolated soy protein had significant effect on FMD (3.39%; 95% CI: 0.733-6.01; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that soy protein supplementation does not lead to meaningful improvement in FMD in postmenopausal women. However, this finding is based on a limited number of studies. Additional high-quality large-scale RCTs are warranted.
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Hariri M, Ghasemi A, Baradaran HR, Mollanoroozy E, Gholami A. Beneficial effect of soy isoflavones and soy isoflavones plus soy protein on serum concentration of C-reactive protein among postmenopausal women: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 59:102715. [PMID: 33785457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientists suggest that soy isoflavones or the combination of soy isoflavones and soy protein may have beneficial effects on inflammation. Thus, the present study aims at conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which the effect of soy isoflavones and the combination of soy isoflavones and soy protein on serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) among postmenopausal women is assessed. METHODS AND MATERIALS A literature searching was done to identify a breadth of related references in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov up to December 2020. The mean change from baseline in the CRP concentrations and its standard deviation (SD) for both intervention and comparison groups were used to calculate the effect size. The summary of the overall effects and heterogeneity was estimated by using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42020166053). RESULTS This study considered 23 articles for systematic review and 19 articles for meta-analysis. The overall effect presented a non-significant effect of soy isoflavones on serum CRP concentrations (WMD = 0.08 mg/L, 95 % CI: -0.08, 0.24; p = 0.302) and the overall effect of the combination of soy isoflavones and soy protein indicated non-significant effect in serum levels of CRP (WMD= -0.02 mg/L 95 % CI: -0.12, 0.08; p = 0.715). CONCLUSION Published RCTs did not provide strong evidence regarding beneficial effect of soy isoflavones or the combination of soy isoflavones and soy protein on serum CRP concentration among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Hariri
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ensieyh Mollanoroozy
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Asbaghi O, Yaghubi E, Nazarian B, Kelishadi MR, Khadem H, Moodi V, Naeini F, Ghaedi E. The effects of soy supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cytokine 2020; 136:155282. [PMID: 32979840 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy products contain several compounds with anti-inflammatory properties like genistein and daidzein which reported to act through different pathways. Present study conducted considering the inconsistent results and lack of any comprehensive review regarding randomized controlled trials which assess the effect of soy products on inflammatory markers. METHODS Following electronic databases were searched up to March 2020: PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of science, and Cochrane Library All randomized trials which assessed the effect of soy product supplementation on c-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were included for last analysis. Treatment effects were expressed as mean difference (MD) and the standard deviation (SD) of outcomes. To estimate the overall effect the random-effects model was employed. RESULTS Finally, 51 randomized trial were included for present study. Last analysis showed that soy product supplementation lead to significant reduction in CRP (MD -0.27 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.02, p = 0.028) but it did not affect IL-6 (MD 0.0 pg/ml; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.06, p = 0.970) and TNF-α (MD = -0.04 pg/ml; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.03, p = 0.252). Subgroup analysis showed that soy supplementation had a significant impact on decreasing IL-6 and TNF-α levels when studies had a long-term intervention (≥12 weeks) and used low dose isoflavone (<100 mg/day). CONCLUSION In conclusion, present systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant reduction in CRP levels after soy supplementation whiles IL-6 and TNF-α did not affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Elham Yaghubi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Nazarian
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khadem
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Vihan Moodi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Domínguez-López I, Yago-Aragón M, Salas-Huetos A, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Hurtado-Barroso S. Effects of Dietary Phytoestrogens on Hormones throughout a Human Lifespan: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2456. [PMID: 32824177 PMCID: PMC7468963 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary phytoestrogens are bioactive compounds with estrogenic activity. With the growing popularity of plant-based diets, the intake of phytoestrogen-rich legumes (especially soy) and legume-derived foods has increased. Evidence from preclinical studies suggests these compounds may have an effect on hormones and health, although the results of human trials are unclear. The effects of dietary phytoestrogens depend on the exposure (phytoestrogen type, matrix, concentration, and bioavailability), ethnicity, hormone levels (related to age, sex, and physiological condition), and health status of the consumer. In this review, we have summarized the results of human studies on dietary phytoestrogens with the aim of assessing the possible hormone-dependent outcomes and health effects of their consumption throughout a lifespan, focusing on pregnancy, childhood, adulthood, and the premenopausal and postmenopausal stages. In pregnant women, an improvement of insulin metabolism has been reported in only one study. Sex hormone alterations have been found in the late stages of childhood, and goitrogenic effects in children with hypothyroidism. In premenopausal and postmenopausal women, the reported impacts on hormones are inconsistent, although beneficial goitrogenic effects and improved glycemic control and cardiovascular risk markers have been described in postmenopausal individuals. In adult men, different authors report goitrogenic effects and a reduction of insulin in non-alcoholic fatty liver patients. Further carefully designed studies are warranted to better elucidate the impact of phytoestrogen consumption on the endocrine system at different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Domínguez-López
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.D.-L.); (M.Y.-A.); (S.H.-B.)
| | - Maria Yago-Aragón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.D.-L.); (M.Y.-A.); (S.H.-B.)
| | - Albert Salas-Huetos
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.D.-L.); (M.Y.-A.); (S.H.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Nutrició, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.D.-L.); (M.Y.-A.); (S.H.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Liu ZM, Li G, Zhang D, Ho SC, Chen YM, Ma J, Huang Q, Li S, Ling WH. Effect of whole soy and purified daidzein on androgenic hormones in chinese equol-producing post-menopausal women: a six-month randomised, double-blinded and Placebo-Controlled trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:644-652. [PMID: 31914834 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1712682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial was performed to examine the effects of whole soy and isoflavone daidzein on serum androgenic hormones in Chinese equol-producing post-menopausal women. A total of 270 eligible women aged 45-70 years were randomised to either one of the three iso-caloric supplements: 40 g soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g low-fat milk powder +63 mg daidzein (daidzein group) or 40 g low-fat milk powder (placebo group) daily for 6 months. Fasting venous samples were tested for serum androstenedione (AD), testosterone (T), prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that serum T (p = .022) and AD (p = .05) levels modestly but significantly decreased after 6-month daidzein treatment in comparison with placebo, with a mean difference of -0.057 nmol/L (95%CI: -0.185 to 0.070, p = .018) and -0.118 ng/mL (95%CI: -0.240-0.004, p = .045), respectively. This 6-month trial suggested that purified daidzein may exhibit less androgenic effect.Trial registration: The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier of NCT01270737. (URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01270737.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Min Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Suzanne C Ho
- Department of Epidemiology, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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A comprehensive review of clinical studies with herbal medicine on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:863-877. [PMID: 31741280 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent medical condition characterized by both metabolic and reproductive disorders. Different pharmaceutical treatments have been proposed for PCOS. However, side effects of long-term treatments and their probable low efficacy have made complementary and alternative treatments a valuable option. Recent reports have indicated the increased use of complementary treatments. Herbal medicine, as part of complementary medicine, was find introduced in traditional Persian and Chinese medicine. Medicinal herbs have used for a long time in the treatment of gynecological and infertility problems of PCOS patients. In this study, we aimed to review herbal medicines used for PCOS worldwide. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched for clinical trials and Randomized Controlled Trials based on related keywords. Data were collected from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS According to a multitude of studies, a wide spectrum of herbs can be used to improve various aspects of PCOS. Herbs such as Cinnamomum verum, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., and Vitex agnus-castus can impact on menstrual and ovulatory dysfunctions, obesity, insulin resistance, lipid-metabolism dysfunction, and androgen excess-related conditions. CONCLUSION Some plants as natural remedies may have beneficial effects on improving different aspects of PCOS; but further studies are needed to investigate their mechanisms and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing‐Juan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology Department of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin China
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Khodarahmi M, Jafarabadi MA, Moludi J, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of soy on serum hs-CRP. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:996-1011. [PMID: 30314925 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The results of studies about the effect of soy products on serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was to investigate the effect of soy products intake on serum hs-CRP concentration. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to December 2016 without language restrictions. Random-effect model was used for quantitative data synthesis. RESULTS Thirty-six studies were included in our analyses. A meta-analysis revealed a non-significant reduction in serum hs-CRP concentrations following soy products consumption, -0.19 (mg/L) (95% CI: -0.49 to 0.09; I2 = 95.6%). Subgroup analyses suggested that natural soya products may reduce plasma levels of CRP by -0.18 mg/L (95% CI: -0.28 to -0.08; I2: 11.6) in comparison to other source of isoflavones (soya extracts, supplements). Moreover, the effect was stronger among subjects with baseline hs-CRP concentrations of less than 2.52 mg/L, -0.15 (95% CI: -0.27 to -0.02; I2: 34.6). A meta-regression analysis revealed that dosage of isoflavones seems to be a strong predictor of the effect of soya on serum hs-CRP levels. CONCLUSION Present review of RCTs published up to December 2016 did not provide strong evidence regarding the beneficial effect of soya products consumption on blood hs-CRP concentrations. However, it appears that natural soya products may reduce plasma levels of hs-CRP in comparison to other source of isoflavones. Large and well-designed studies are recommended to confirm this conclusion. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018069371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Khodarahmi
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Moludi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (RCEBM), Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Sekikawa A, Ihara M, Lopez O, Kakuta C, Lopresti B, Higashiyama A, Aizenstein H, Chang YF, Mathis C, Miyamoto Y, Kuller L, Cui C. Effect of S-equol and Soy Isoflavones on Heart and Brain. Curr Cardiol Rev 2019; 15:114-135. [PMID: 30516108 PMCID: PMC6520578 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666181205104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies in Asia show that dietary intake of soy isoflavones had a significant inverse association with coronary heart disease (CHD). A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) of soy isoflavones on atherosclerosis in the US, however, failed to show their benefit. The discrepancy may be due to the much lower prevalence of S-equol producers in Westerners: Only 20-30% of Westerners produce S-equol in contrast to 50-70% in Asians. S-equol is a metabolite of dietary soy isoflavone daidzein by gut microbiome and possesses the most antiatherogenic properties among all isoflavones. Several short-duration RCTs documented that soy isoflavones improves arterial stiffness. Accumulating evidence shows that both atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness are positively associated with cognitive decline/dementia. Therefore, potentially, soy isoflavones, especially S-equol, are protective against cognitive decline/dementia. METHODS/RESULTS This narrative review of clinical and epidemiological studies provides an overview of the health benefits of soy isoflavones and introduces S-equol. Second, we review recent evidence on the association of soy isoflavones and S-equol with CHD, atherosclerosis, and arterial stiffness as well as the association of atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness with cognitive decline/ dementia. Third, we highlight recent studies that report the association of soy isoflavones and S-equol with cognitive decline/dementia. Lastly, we discuss the future directions of clinical and epidemiological research on the relationship of S-equol and CHD and dementia. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from observational studies and short-term RCTs suggests that S-equol is anti-atherogenic and improves arterial stiffness and may prevent CHD and cognitive impairment/ dementia. Well-designed long-term (≥ 2years) RCTs should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sekikawa
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 336, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Tel: 412-383-1063; Fax: 412-648-4401;
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14
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Chatterjee C, Gleddie S, Xiao CW. Soybean Bioactive Peptides and Their Functional Properties. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1211. [PMID: 30200502 PMCID: PMC6164536 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy consumption has been associated with many potential health benefits in reducing chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin-resistance/type II diabetes, certain type of cancers, and immune disorders. These physiological functions have been attributed to soy proteins either as intact soy protein or more commonly as functional or bioactive peptides derived from soybean processing. These findings have led to the approval of a health claim in the USA regarding the ability of soy proteins in reducing the risk for coronary heart disease and the acceptance of a health claim in Canada that soy protein can help lower cholesterol levels. Using different approaches, many soy bioactive peptides that have a variety of physiological functions such as hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-cancer properties, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects have been identified. Some soy peptides like lunasin and soymorphins possess more than one of these properties and play a role in the prevention of multiple chronic diseases. Overall, progress has been made in understanding the functional and bioactive components of soy. However, more studies are required to further identify their target organs, and elucidate their biological mechanisms of action in order to be potentially used as functional foods or even therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Chatterjee
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue Building#21, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Stephen Gleddie
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue Building#21, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Chao-Wu Xiao
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Food and Nutrition Science Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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15
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Zarezadeh M, Saedisomeolia A, Khorshidi M, Kord Varkane H, Makhdoomi Arzati M, Abdollahi M, Yekaninejad MS, Hashemi R, Effatpanah M, Mohammadzadeh Honarvar N. Asymmetric dimethylarginine and soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 serum levels alteration following ginger supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 16:/j/jcim.2019.16.issue-2/jcim-2018-0019/jcim-2018-0019.xml. [PMID: 30099412 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prone to cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to inflammation process and oxidative stress. ADMA (Asymmetric dimethylarginine) and ICAM-1 (inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1) play an important role in CVD pathogenesis. Ginger as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation can effect on these biomarkers. The aim of present study was to characterize the effect of ginger supplementation on ADMA and ICAM-1 serum levels in patients with T2DM. Methods The present study is a randomized double-blind clinical trial which is conducted among 45 diabetic patients (nginger=23, nplacebo=22). The participants were randomly divided into two intervention and placebo groups which were received 2 g ginger powder and 2 g wheat flour for 10 weeks, respectively. ADMA and ICAM-1 concentration were measured by ELISA method. Results Ginger supplementation decreased ADMA serum levels significantly (P=0.002) and sICAM-1 serum levels marginally (P=0.097) in supplementation group after intervention. No significant difference was observed between placebo and supplementation groups. Conclusions Present study was conducted among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to investigate the effect of ginger supplementation on ADMA and sICAM-1 levels. There was a significant decrement in ADMA serum concentration and slight reduction in sICAM-1 levels in intervention group. The amount of reduction in both biomarkers was not statistically significant in between-groups comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Zarezadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khorshidi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord Varkane
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Makhdoomi Arzati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Abdollahi
- AmirAlam Hospital Complex, Marvasti Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Hashemi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Effatpanah
- School of Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Draganidis D, Karagounis LG, Athanailidis I, Chatzinikolaou A, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. Inflammaging and Skeletal Muscle: Can Protein Intake Make a Difference? J Nutr 2016; 146:1940-1952. [PMID: 27581584 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.230912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging is the chronic low-grade inflammatory state present in the elderly, characterized by increased systemic concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. It has been shown that inflammaging increases the risk of pathologic conditions and age-related diseases, and that it also has been associated with increased skeletal muscle wasting, strength loss, and functional impairments. Experimental evidence suggests that the increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and primary tumor necrosis factor α observed in chronic inflammation lead to protein degradation through proteasome activation and reduced skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) via protein kinase B/Akt downregulation. Dairy and soy proteins contain all the essential amino acids, demonstrate sufficient absorption kinetics, and include other bioactive peptides that may offer nutritional benefits, in addition to those of stimulating MPS. Whey protein has antioxidative effects, primarily because of its ability to enhance the availability of reduced glutathione and the activity of the endogenous antioxidative enzyme system. Soy protein and isoflavone-enriched soy protein, meanwhile, may counteract chronic inflammation through regulation of the nuclear transcription factor κB signaling pathway and cytokine production. Although evidence suggests that whey protein, soy protein, and isoflavone-enriched soy proteins may be promising nutritional interventions against the oxidative stress and chronic inflammation present in pathologic conditions and aging (inflammaging), there is a lack of information about the anabolic potential of dietary protein intake and protein supplementation in elderly people with increased systemic inflammation. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the anabolic potential of protein supplementation, should be further investigated in the future with well-designed clinical trials focusing on inflammaging and its associated skeletal muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Leonidas G Karagounis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Nutrition and Health Research, Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Athanailidis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Institute of Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Centre for Research and Technology-Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; and
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece;
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Birru RL, Ahuja V, Vishnu A, Evans RW, Miyamoto Y, Miura K, Usui T, Sekikawa A. The impact of equol-producing status in modifying the effect of soya isoflavones on risk factors for CHD: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e30. [PMID: 27547393 PMCID: PMC4976117 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the ability to produce equol, a metabolite of the soya isoflavone daidzein, is beneficial to coronary health. Equol, generated by bacterial action on isoflavones in the human gut, is biologically more potent than dietary sources of isoflavones. Not all humans are equol producers. We investigated whether equol-producing status is favourably associated with risk factors for CHD following an intervention by dietary soya isoflavones. We systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCT) that evaluated the effect of soya isoflavones on risk factors for CHD and that reported equol-producing status. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials published up to April 2015 and hand-searched bibliographies to identify the RCT. Characteristics of participants and outcomes measurements were extracted and qualitatively analysed. From a total of 1671 studies, we identified forty-two articles that satisfied our search criteria. The effects of equol on risk factors for CHD were mainly based on secondary analyses in these studies, thus with inadequate statistical power. Although fourteen out of the forty-two studies found that equol production after a soya isoflavone intervention significantly improved a range of risk factors including cholesterol and other lipids, inflammation and blood pressure variables, these results need further verification by sufficiently powered studies. The other twenty-eight studies primarily reported null results. RCT of equol, which has recently become available as a dietary supplement, on CHD and its risk factors are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel L. Birru
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vasudha Ahuja
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abhishek Vishnu
- Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rhobert W. Evans
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Usui
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Uchiyama
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute
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Ueno T, Abiru Y, Uchiyama S, Ishimi Y. Distribution of 24-h urinary equol excretion as an indicator of the physiological range in healthy Japanese equol excretors. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Effect of soy isoflavones on circulating C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Menopause 2012; 18:1256-62. [PMID: 21712733 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31821bfa24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that C-reactive protein (CRP) is a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to examine the effect of soy isoflavones on circulating CRP concentrations in postmenopausal women by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. We performed a literature search using PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases in December 2010 for randomized controlled trials conducted in postmenopausal women, using soy foods with isoflavones or isoflavone extracts as treatment, and with a report of CRP change. A meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model to calculate the combined effect size. In addition, subgroup and metaregression analyses were carried out to examine the influences of study designs and participant characteristics on the effect estimates. A pooled analysis of 14 trials showed a slight, but not significant, reduction of 0.17 mg/L (95% CI, -0.38 to 0.04; P = 0.12) in CRP concentrations among postmenopausal women with soy isoflavone intervention compared with controls. No substantial heterogeneity was observed. Subgroup analyses showed that soy isoflavones significantly lowered CRP by 0.70 mg/L (95% CI, -1.17 to -0.23; P = 0.003) among women with baseline CRP concentrations greater than 2.2 mg/L. No significant changes in CRP were observed in the other subgroups. Metaregression analysis further revealed that baseline CRP was a potential effect modifier of isoflavone treatment in lowering CRP. The present meta-analysis found insufficient evidence that soy isoflavones significantly reduce CRP concentrations in postmenopausal women. However, soy isoflavones may produce a significant reduction in CRP among postmenopausal women with elevated CRP.
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Selma MV, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA. Interaction between phenolics and gut microbiota: role in human health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6485-501. [PMID: 19580283 DOI: 10.1021/jf902107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 852] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phenolic compounds are often transformed before absorption. This transformation modulates their biological activity. Different studies have been carried out to understand gut microbiota transformations of particular polyphenol types and identify the responsible microorganisms. Although there are potentially thousands of different phenolic compounds in the diet, they are typically transformed to a much smaller number of metabolites. The aim of this review was to discuss the current information about the microbial degradation metabolites obtained from different phenolics and their formation pathways, identifying their differences and similarities. The modulation of gut microbial population by phenolics was also reviewed in order to understand the two-way phenolic-microbiota interaction. Clostridium and Eubacterium genera, which are phylogenetically associated, are other common elements involved in the metabolism of many phenolics. The health benefits from phenolic consumption should be attributed to their bioactive metabolites and also to the modulation of the intestinal bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Selma
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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Maskarinec G, Steude JS, Franke AA, Cooney RV. Inflammatory markers in a 2-year soy intervention among premenopausal women. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2009; 6:9. [PMID: 19348684 PMCID: PMC2674030 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence supports a role of soy foods in breast cancer etiology. Because chronic inflammation appears to be a critical component in carcinogenesis, we examined the potential anti-inflammatory effects of soy foods. METHODS The original 2-year dietary intervention randomized 220 premenopausal women of whom 183 women (90 in the intervention group and 93 in the control group) were included in the current investigation; 40% were of Asian ancestry. The intervention group consumed two daily soy servings containing 50 mg of isoflavones (aglycone equivalents), whereas the controls maintained their regular diet. Five serum samples obtained at month 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 were analyzed for interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, and adiponectin by ELISA. For statistical analysis, mixed models were applied to incorporate the repeated measurements. RESULTS The levels of all analytes were lower in Asian than Caucasian women. Overweight women had significantly higher levels of CRP, IL-6, and leptin and lower levels of adiponectin than normal weight women. We did not observe a significant effect of soy foods on the four markers, but leptin increased in the control and not in the intervention group (p = 0.20 for group-time effect); this difference was significant for Asian (p = 0.01) and obese women (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION During this 2-year intervention, soy foods did not modify serum levels of CRP, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin in premenopausal women although leptin levels remained stable among women in the intervention group who were obese or of Asian ancestry. Further studies with diverse markers of inflammation are necessary to clarify the specific effect of soy on immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertraud Maskarinec
- Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Suite 510, 1236 Lauhala Street, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96813, USA.
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