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Román-Caballero R, Mioni G. Time-Based and Event-Based Prospective Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2023:10.1007/s11065-023-09626-y. [PMID: 37962750 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to perform planned actions in a future moment and it is of fundamental importance for an independent and autonomous lifestyle from development to late adulthood. Deficits in episodic memory and executive functions, which are involved in PM are characteristic features of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Considering that the number of older adults is drastically increasing over the next decades, it is of great interest to understand how PM decline in healthy older adults and patients with different degree of cognitive decline. The present meta-analysis included 46 studies investigating PM performance in AD patients (17 studies) and people with MCI (24 studies); 5 studies included both clinical conditions in the same article. The 46 studies contributed a total of 63 independent samples and 129 effect sizes from 4668 participants (2115 patients and 2553 controls). Unlike previous reviews of the literature, our results with a larger and updated sample of studies confirmed lower PM abilities in AD compared to MCI and controls, although we did not observe conclusive differences between event-based and time-based PM in patients. Surprisingly, PM deficits shown by MCI and AD patients have decreased across years, in parallel to a reduction of the evidence of publication bias and an increase in the number of observations per task. We propose the use of more reliable research designs as one plausible explanation for the reduction of PM impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Román-Caballero
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35121, Padua, Italy.
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Yu H, Gao J, Chang RSK, Mak W, Thach TQ, Cheung RTF. Inhibitory dysfunction may cause prospective memory impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients: an event-related potential study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1006744. [PMID: 37565055 PMCID: PMC10410078 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember future intentions, and PM function is closely related to independence in daily life, particularly in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). As PM involves various cognitive components of attention, working memory, inhibition and other executive functions, this study investigated how TLE may affect PM components and the underlying neural mechanisms. Methods Sixty-four subjects were recruited, including 20 refractory TLE patients, 18 well-controlled TLE patients and 26 age-matched healthy controls. A set of neuropsychological tests was administered to assess specific brain functions. An event-related potential (ERP) task was used to further explore how PM and its components would be differentially affected in the two TLE types. Results Our findings revealed that: (1) refractory TLE patients scored lower than the healthy controls in the digit span, Verbal Fluency Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test; (2) refractory TLE patients exhibited impaired PM performance and reduced prospective positivity amplitudes over the frontal, central and parietal regions in ERP experiments when compared to the healthy controls; and (3) decreased P3 amplitudes in the nogo trials were observed over the frontal-central sites in refractory but not in well-controlled TLE patients. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first ERP study on PM that has specifically identified PM impairment in refractory but not in well-controlled TLE patients. Our finding of double dissociation in PM components suggests that inhibition dysfunction may be the main reason for PM deficit in refractory TLE patients. The present results have clinical implications for neuropsychological rehabilitation in TLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemei Yu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junling Gao
- Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard Shek-Kwan Chang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Windsor Mak
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thuan-Quoc Thach
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Tak Fai Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Loprinzi PD, Edwards MK, Frith E. Exercise and Prospective Memory. J Lifestyle Med 2018; 8:51-59. [PMID: 30474001 PMCID: PMC6239140 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2018.8.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to review the literature to evaluate the potential effects of exercise on prospective memory (PM). A narrative review was employed. In this review, we provide a brief description of PM; indicate the effects of PM on health; evaluate the effects of age and neurological impairment on PM; examine the neural correlates of PM; provide a description of specific components that subserve PM; identify non-behavioral strategies used to enhance PM; and evaluate the literature and plausibility through which exercise behavior may influence PM. Regarding the latter, this paper aims to burgeon the development of a new research paradigm that will play a critical role in patient health, given that memory function, and in particular, the prospective (vs. retrospective) component of memory, is highly sensitive to aging and is critically associated with health status. This is an emerging line of research that has critical implications for patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Meghan K Edwards
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Emily Frith
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Gleason CE, Norton D, Anderson ED, Wahoske M, Washington DT, Umucu E, Koscik RL, Dowling NM, Johnson SC, Carlsson CM, Asthana S. Cognitive Variability Predicts Incident Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Comparable to a Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:79-89. [PMID: 29125485 PMCID: PMC5714663 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers are emerging as critically important for disease detection and monitoring. Most biomarkers are obtained through invasive, resource-intense procedures. A cognitive marker, intra-individual cognitive variability (IICV) may provide an alternative or adjunct marker of disease risk for individuals unable or disinclined to undergo lumbar puncture. OBJECTIVE To contrast risk of incident AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with IICV to risk associated with well-established biomarkers: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau181) and amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) peptide. METHODS Dispersion in cognitive performance, IICV, was estimated with a published algorithm, and included Trail Making Test A and B, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the American National Adult Reading Test (ANART). CSF biomarkers were expressed as a ratio: p-tau181/Aβ42, wherein high values signified pathognomonic profiles. Logistic regression models included longitudinal data from 349 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants who completed lumbar puncture. All subjects were cognitively healthy (n = 105) or diagnosed with MCI (n = 244) at baseline. We examined odds of conversion associated with baseline elevations in IICV and/or ratio of CSF p-tau181/Aβ42. RESULTS When included in models alone or in combination with CSF p-tau181/Aβ42, one standard IICV unit higher was associated with an estimated odds ratio for incident AD or MCI of 2.81 (95% CI: 1.83-4.33) in the most inclusive sample, and an odds ratio of 3.41 (95% CI: 2.03-5.73) when restricted to participants with MCI. Iterative analyses suggested that IICV independently improved model fit even when individual index components were included in comparative models. CONCLUSIONS These analyses provide preliminary support for IICV as a marker of incident AD and MCI. This easily-disseminated, non-invasive marker compared favorably to well-established CSF biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey E Gleason
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Derek Norton
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric D Anderson
- Wright State University, School of Education and Human Services, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Wahoske
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Danielle T Washington
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emre Umucu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca L Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N Maritza Dowling
- George Washington University, School of Nursing, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- George Washington University, School of Nursing, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- George Washington University, School of Nursing, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- George Washington University, School of Nursing, Washington, DC, USA
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Cognitive variability-A marker for incident MCI and AD: An analysis for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 4:47-55. [PMID: 27489880 PMCID: PMC4961828 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The potential of intra-individual cognitive variability (IICV) to predict incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) was examined and compared to well-established neuroimaging and genetic predictors. Methods IICV was estimated using four neuropsychological measures for n = 1324 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants who were cognitively healthy or diagnosed with MCI at baseline. IICV was used to predict time to incident MCI or AD, and compared to hippocampal volume loss and APOE ε4 status via survival analysis. Results In survival analyses, controlling for age, education, baseline diagonosis, and APOE ε4 status, likelihood ratio tests indicate that IICV is associated with time to cognitive status change in the full sample (P < .0001), and when the sample was restricted to individuals with MCI at baseline (P < .0001). Discussion These findings suggest IICV may be a low-cost, noninvasive alternative to traditional AD biomarkers.
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Giebel CM, Challis D, Montaldi D. Understanding the cognitive underpinnings of functional impairments in early dementia: a review. Aging Ment Health 2015; 19:859-75. [PMID: 25632849 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.1003282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early dementia is marked by cognitive and functional impairments, and although studies indicate an association between these, detailed analyses exploring this relationship are rare. It is crucial to understand how specific cognitive deficits underlie functional deficits to develop successful cognitive interventions. This paper reviews the evidence of impairment in everyday functioning and in working, long-term and prospective memory in early dementia. Findings are evaluated with respect to the relationship between cognitive and functional impairments. METHODS From the literature searches, 17 studies on everyday functioning and 40 studies on memory were obtained. Studies were only included if patients had an official diagnosis and were in the early stages of dementia. RESULTS Complex instrumental activities of daily living were subject to greater impairment than basic activities of daily living. In particular, early dementia patients struggle with finance tasks; a deficit linked to impaired working memory. Regarding cognition, long-term memory is the earliest form of memory to decline as is well recognised. Evidence also indicates deficits in working and prospective memory, with inconsistent evidence about impairments of the former. A major limitation of the literature is a lack of studies assessing individual everyday activities and the associated error patterns that might occur. CONCLUSION This review critically assesses the status of translational research for everyday activities in early dementia, an area with critical implications for cognitive-based rehabilitation. Further research is required into the detailed assessment of individual everyday activity and specific memory deficits, in order to effectively map cognitive functions onto functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M Giebel
- a School of Psychological Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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Vidal-Piñeiro D, Martín-Trias P, Falcón C, Bargalló N, Clemente IC, Valls-Solé J, Junqué C, Pascual-Leone A, Bartrés-Faz D. Neurochemical Modulation in Posteromedial Default-mode Network Cortex Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Brain Stimul 2015; 8:937-44. [PMID: 25981159 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Default Mode Network (DMN) is severely compromised in several psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders where plasticity alterations are observed. Glutamate and GABA are the major excitatory and inhibitory brain neurotransmitters respectively and are strongly related to plasticity responses and large-scale network expression. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether regional Glx (Glutamate + Glutamine) and GABA could be modulated within the DMN after experimentally-controlled induction of plasticity and to study the effect of intrinsic connectivity over brain responses to stimulation. METHODS We applied individually-guided neuronavigated Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) to the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) in-between two magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) acquisitions to 36 young subjects. A resting-state fMRI sequence was also acquired before stimulation. RESULTS After intermittent TBS, distal GABA increases in posteromedial DMN areas were observed. Instead, no significant changes were detected locally, in left IPL areas. Neurotransmitter modulation in posteromedial areas was related to baseline fMRI connectivity between this region and the TBS-targeted area. CONCLUSIONS The prediction of neurotransmitter modulation by connectivity highlights the relevance of connectivity patterns to understand brain responses to plasticity-inducing protocols. The ability to modulate GABA in a key core of the DMN by means of TBS may open new avenues to evaluate plasticity mechanisms in a key area for major neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Trias
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Falcón
- Medical Imaging Group, University of Barcelona, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Service, Centre de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma C Clemente
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Valls-Solé
- EMG Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain.
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Man D, Yip C, Lee G, Fleming J, Shum D. Self-report prospective memory problems in people with stroke. Brain Inj 2014; 29:329-35. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.974672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tse CS, Chang JF, Fung AWT, Lam LCW, Hau KT, Leung GTY, Balota DA. The utility of a non-verbal prospective memory measure as a sensitive marker for early-stage Alzheimer's disease in Hong Kong. Int Psychogeriatr 2014; 27:1-12. [PMID: 25245181 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610214002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: With the proportion of older adults in Hong Kong projected to double in size in the next 30 years, it is important to develop measures for detecting individuals in the earliest stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD, 0.5 in Clinical Dementia Rating, CDR). We tested the utility of a non-verbal prospective memory task (PM, ability to remember what one has to do when a specific event occurs in the future) as an early marker for AD in Hong Kong Chinese. Methods: A large community dwelling sample of older adults who are healthy controls (CDR 0, N = 125), in the earliest stage of AD (CDR 0.5, N = 125), or with mild AD (CDR 1, N = 30) participated in this study. Their reaction time/accuracy data were analyzed by mixed-factor analyses of variance to compare the performance of the three CDR groups. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test the discriminative power of these measures for CDR 0 versus 0.5 participants. Results: Prospective memory performance declined as a function of AD severity: CDR 0 > CDR 0.5 > CDR 1, suggesting the effects of early-stage AD and AD progression on PM. After partialling out the variance explained by psychometric measures (e.g., ADAS-Cog), reaction time/accuracy measures that reflected the PM still significantly discriminated between CDR 0 versus 0.5 participants in most of the cases. Conclusion: The effectiveness of PM measures in discriminating individuals in the earliest stage of AD from healthy older adults suggests that these measures should be further developed as tools for early-stage AD discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Tse
- Department of Educational Psychology,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong
| | - J F Chang
- Department of Psychology,Guangdong University of Education,China
| | - Ada W T Fung
- Department of Psychiatry,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong
| | - Linda C W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong
| | - K T Hau
- Department of Educational Psychology,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong
| | - Grace T Y Leung
- Department of Psychiatry,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong
| | - D A Balota
- Department of Psychology and Neurology,Washington University in St. Louis,USA
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Adult age differences in interference from a prospective-memory task: a diffusion model analysis. Psychon Bull Rev 2014; 20:1266-73. [PMID: 23709131 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-013-0451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
People often slow down their ongoing activities when they must remember an intended action, known as the cost or interference effect of prospective memory (PM). Only a few studies have examined adult age differences in PM interference, and the specific reasons underlying such differences are not well understood. The authors used a model-based approach to reveal processes underlying PM interference and age differences in these processes. Older and younger adults first performed a block of an ongoing lexical decision task alone. An embedded event-based PM task was added in a second block. Simultaneously accounting for the changes in response time distributions and error rates induced by the PM task, Ratcliff's (Psychological Review 85:59-108, 1978) diffusion model was used to decompose the nonlinear combination of speed and accuracy into psychologically meaningful components. Remembering an intention not only reduced processing efficiency in both age groups, but also prolonged peripheral nondecision times and induced response cautiousness. Overall, the findings suggest that there are multiple, but qualitatively similar factors underlying PM task interference in both age groups.
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Gao J, Cheung RTF, Chan YS, Chu LW, Mak HKF, Lee TMC. The relevance of short-range fibers to cognitive efficiency and brain activation in aging and dementia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90307. [PMID: 24694731 PMCID: PMC3973665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of structural connectivity in a functional brain network supports the efficiency of neural processing within relevant brain regions. This study aimed to quantitatively investigate the short- and long-range fibers, and their differential roles in the lower cognitive efficiency in aging and dementia. Three groups of healthy young, healthy older adults and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) participated in this combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study on prospective memory (PM). Short- and long-range fiber tracts within the PM task engaged brain networks were generated. The correlation between the fMRI signal change, PM performance and the DTI characters were calculated. FMRI results showed that the PM-specific frontal activations in three groups were distributed hierarchically along the rostrocaudal axis in the frontal lobe. In an overall PM condition generally activated brain network among the three groups, tractography was used to generate the short-range fibers, and they were found impaired in both healthy older adults and AD patients. However, the long-range fiber tracts were only impaired in AD. Additionally, the mean diffusivity (MD) of short-range but not long-range fibers was positively correlated with fMRI signal change and negatively correlated with the efficiency of PM performance. This study suggests that the disintegrity of short-range fibers may contribute more to the lower cognitive efficiency and higher compensatory brain activation in healthy older adults and more in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Network, Strategic Research Theme of Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Raymond T. F. Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Leung-Wing Chu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Network, Strategic Research Theme of Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Henry K. F. Mak
- Department of Radiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Tatia M. C. Lee
- Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, Faculty of Social science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Social Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Farina N, Young J, Tabet N, Rusted J. Prospective memory in Alzheimer-type dementia: exploring prospective memory performance in an age-stratified sample. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:983-92. [PMID: 24131030 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2013.844772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM), the memory for future intentions, is an essential component of many day-to-day activities. PM accuracy has consistently been found to decline as a function of age and is further impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, subjective PM failures, PM accuracy, and cost of carrying a PM were recorded in 42 healthy elderly, 34 younger old, and 45 older old AD participants. It was found that PM deficits across the AD cohort did not change as a function of age. In addition, while PM accuracy was impaired compared to age-matched controls, cost of carrying a PM intention did not differ across the three groups. Evidence that AD participants show a reaction time (RT) cost of PM intention alongside an impaired PM accuracy indicates that the PM intention is held, but is not implemented effectively. The fact that the cost is independent of age and dementia suggests that it may not index working memory (WM) resource. At a practical level, the study suggests that for a comprehensive evaluation of PM competence cost of carrying a PM intention should be measured alongside PM accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Farina
- a School of Psychology , University of Sussex , Brighton , UK
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