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De Looze C, Feeney J, Seeher KM, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan J, Diaz T, Kenny RA. Assessing cognitive function in longitudinal studies of ageing worldwide: some practical considerations. Age Ageing 2023; 52:iv13-iv25. [PMID: 37902512 PMCID: PMC10615066 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 55 million people live with dementia worldwide. With 40% of modifiable risk factors estimated to contribute to dementia, the potential for prevention is high, and preventive measures, at an early stage of cognitive decline, are likely to positively influence future dementia trends. Countries need reliable health data and adequate measurement tools to quantify, monitor and track early changes in cognitive capacity in the general population. Many cognitive tests exist; however, there is no consensus to date about which instruments should be employed, and important variations in measurement have been observed. In this narrative review, we present a number of cognitive tests that have been used in nationally representative population-based longitudinal studies of ageing. Longitudinal panel studies of ageing represent critical platforms towards capturing the process of cognitive ageing and understanding associated risk and protective factors. We highlight optimal measures for use at a population level and for cross-country comparisons, taking into consideration instrument reliability, validity, duration, ease of administration, costs, literacy and numeracy requirements, adaptability to sensory and fine motor impairments and portability to different cultural and linguistic milieux. Drawing upon the strengths and limitations of each of these tests, and the experience gained and lessons learnt from conducting a nationally representative study of ageing, we indicate a comprehensive battery of tests for the assessment of cognitive capacity, designed to facilitate its standardised operationalisation worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline De Looze
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joanne Feeney
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Katrin M Seeher
- Brain Health Unit, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Theresa Diaz
- Epidemiology, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James’s Hospital Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
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2
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Prough MB, Zaman A, Caywood LJ, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Slifer SH, Dorfsman DA, Adams LA, Laux RA, Song YE, Lynn A, Fuzzell D, Fuzzell SL, Miller SD, Miskimen K, Main LR, Osterman MD, Ogrocki P, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Haines JL, Scott WK, Pericak-Vance M, Cuccaro ML. Visuospatial and Verbal Memory Differences in Amish Individuals With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:195-199. [PMID: 37561946 PMCID: PMC10529392 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbal and visuospatial memory impairments are common to Alzheimer disease and Related Dementias (ADRD), but the patterns of decline in these domains may reflect genetic and lifestyle influences. The latter may be pertinent to populations such as the Amish who have unique lifestyle experiences. METHODS Our data set included 420 Amish and 401 CERAD individuals. Sex-adjusted, age-adjusted, and education-adjusted Z-scores were calculated for the recall portions of the Constructional Praxis Delay (CPD) and Word List Delay (WLD). ANOVAs were then used to examine the main and interaction effects of cohort (Amish, CERAD), cognitive status (case, control), and sex on CPD and WLD Z-scores. RESULTS The Amish performed better on the CPD than the CERAD cohort. In addition, the difference between cases and controls on the CPD and WLD were smaller in the Amish and Amish female cases performed better on the WLD than the CERAD female cases. DISCUSSION The Amish performed better on the CPD task, and ADRD-related declines in CPD and WLD were less severe in the Amish. In addition, Amish females with ADRD may have preferential preservation of WLD. This study provides evidence that the Amish exhibit distinct patterns of verbal and visuospatial memory loss associated with aging and ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reneé A Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | - Yeunjoo E Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | - Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Leighanne R Main
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Michael D Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Paula Ogrocki
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alan J Lerner
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University
| | - William K Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Margaret Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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3
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Li KY, Chien CF, Huang TW, Yang YH. The Use of Verbal and Nonverbal Memory Tests for Alzheimer's Disease Screening in Taiwan Chinese. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231201036. [PMID: 37683179 PMCID: PMC10623994 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease typically have initial deficits in memory. Memory testing can be categorized as verbal or nonverbal by the modality of the stimuli used. We compared the discriminative validity of selected verbal and nonverbal memory tests between non-dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Taiwan. Ninety-eight patients with mild Alzheimer's disease and 269 non-dementia individuals underwent story recall test (immediate and delayed recall), and constructional praxis test (copy and delayed recall). The receiver-operating characteristic curve and area under the curve were evaluated to compare between tests. Patients with Alzheimer's disease performed poorly across all memory tests, and the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that story recall immediate and relayed recall, and constructional praxis delayed recall had good classification accuracy with area under the curve of .90, .87 and .87 respectively. These results provide support that both verbal and nonverbal memory tests are reliable measure for screening patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chien
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Wei Huang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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4
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Ylä-Herttuala S, Hakulinen M, Poutiainen P, Laitinen TM, Koivisto AM, Remes AM, Hallikainen M, Lehtola JM, Saari T, Korhonen V, Könönen M, Vanninen R, Mussalo H, Laitinen T, Mervaala E. Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Increased Cortical Amyloid-β Deposition. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:153-161. [PMID: 33216027 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suggested association between severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) needs further study. Only few recent reports exist on associations between brain amyloid-β (Aβ) burden and severe OSA in middle-aged patients. OBJECTIVE Examine the possible presence of cortical Aβ accumulation in middle-aged patients with severe OSA. METHODS We performed detailed multimodal neuroimaging in 19 cognitive intact patients (mean 44.2 years) with severe OSA (Apnea-Hypopnea Index >30 h-1). Known etiological factors for possible Aβ accumulation were used as exclusion criteria. Aβ uptake was studied with [11C]-PiB-PET, glucose metabolism with [18F]-FDG-PET, and structural imaging with 3.0T MRI. RESULTS When analyzed individually, in [11C]-PiB-PET a substantial number (∼32%) of the patients exhibited statistically significant evidence of increased cortical Aβ uptake based on elevated regional Z-score values, mostly seen bilaterally in the precuneus and posterior cingulum regions. Cortical glucose hypometabolism in [18F]-FDG-PET was seen in two patients. MRI did not show structural changes suggestive of AD-related pathology. CONCLUSION Increased [11C]-PiB uptake was seen in middle-aged cognitively intact patients with severe OSA. These findings are similar to those described in cognitive unimpaired older OSA patients. The changes in cortical Aβ uptake suggest that severe OSA itself may predispose to alterations related to AD already in middle-age. Aβ clearance may be compromised without simultaneous evidence of metabolic or structural alterations. The results emphasize the importance of early diagnostics and proper treatment of severe OSA in cognitively intact middle-aged subjects, possibly diminishing the individual risk for later cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hakulinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Poutiainen
- Department of Cyclotron and Radiopharmacy, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina M Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Merja Hallikainen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha-Matti Lehtola
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Toni Saari
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Philosophical Faculty, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ville Korhonen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Könönen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Mussalo
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Esa Mervaala
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Barbera M, Kulmala J, Lisko I, Pietilä E, Rosenberg A, Hallikainen I, Hallikainen M, Laatikainen T, Lehtisalo J, Neuvonen E, Rusanen M, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Ngandu T, Solomon A, Kivipelto M. Third follow-up of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) cohort investigating determinants of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial wellbeing among the oldest old: the CAIDE85+ study protocol. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:238. [PMID: 32650731 PMCID: PMC7350760 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oldest old is the fastest growing age group worldwide and the most prone to severe disability, especially in relation to loss of cognitive function. Improving our understanding of the predictors of cognitive, physical and psychosocial wellbeing among the oldest old can result in substantial benefits for the individuals and for the society as a whole. The Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study investigated risk factors and determinants of cognitive impairment in a population-based longitudinal cohort, which was first examined between 1972 and 1992, when individuals were in their midlife, and re-assessed in 1998 and 2005-2009. Most of the study participants are currently aged 85 years or older. We aim to re-examine the cohort's survivors and gain further insights on the mechanisms underlying both cognitive and overall healthy ageing at old age. METHODS CAIDE85+ is the third follow-up of the CAIDE study participants. All individuals still alive and living in the Kuopio and Joensuu areas of Eastern Finland, from the original CAIDE cohort (two random samples, N = 2000 + ~ 900), will be invited to a re-examination. The assessment includes self-reported data related to basic demographics and lifestyle, as well as psychosocial and physical health status. Cognitive and physical evaluations are also conducted. Blood biomarkers relevant for dementia and ageing are assessed. Primary outcomes are the measurements related to cognition and daily life functioning (CERAD, Trail Making Test-A, Letter-Digit Substitution Test, Clinical Dementia Rating and Activities of Daily Living). Secondary endpoints of the study are outcomes related to physical health status, psychosocial wellbeing, as well as age-related health indicators. DISCUSSION Through a follow-up of more than 40 years, CAIDE85+ will provide invaluable information on the risk and protective factors that contribute to cognitive and physical health, as well as ageing and longevity. STUDY REGISTRATION The present study protocol has been registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (registration nr NCT03938727 , date 03.05.2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagnese Barbera
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jenni Kulmala
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.,School of Health Care and Social Work, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Karolinska Vägen 37 A, QA32, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inna Lisko
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Karolinska Vägen 37 A, QA32, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eija Pietilä
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Rosenberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilona Hallikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Hallikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun Sote), Central Hospital, Tikkamäentie 16, 80210, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jenni Lehtisalo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Neuvonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Rusanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Neurocenter Finland, Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter Finland, Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO BOX 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Karolinska Vägen 37 A, QA32, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alina Solomon
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Karolinska Vägen 37 A, QA32, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Karolinska Vägen 37 A, QA32, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
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Saari T, Hallikainen I, Hänninen T, Räty H, Koivisto A. Relationships between Cognition and Activities of Daily Living in Alzheimer's Disease During a 5-Year Follow-Up: ALSOVA Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:269-279. [PMID: 29889073 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cognition and activities of daily living (ADL) are core symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their relationship is unclear. OBJECTIVES To explore relationships between cognitive domains and functional ability during 5-year follow-up in persons with AD. METHODS We analyzed ALSOVA study data from 236 individuals with very mild or mild AD at baseline. The CERAD Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB) was used as a cognitive measure and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study ADL (ADCS-ADL) as a functional measure, analyzing the IADL and BADL sub-scores separately. Annual regression models and linear mixed-effect models (LMMs) covering a 5-year follow-up period were used. RESULTS Annually, the CERAD-NB total and especially Verbal Fluency, Clock Drawing, and Constructional Praxis were associated with the total ADCS-ADL and IADL scores increasingly yet modestly, and to a lesser extent the BADL score. In the LMMs, the same measures and MMSE were associated with ADL. CONCLUSION Measures of executive function and visuoconstructive skills appear to be associated with caregiver-interview based ADL measure during the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Saari
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ilona Hallikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Räty
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anne Koivisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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7
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Fuks KB, Wigmann C, Altug H, Schikowski T. Road Traffic Noise at the Residence, Annoyance, and Cognitive Function in Elderly Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1790. [PMID: 31137595 PMCID: PMC6572214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of traffic noise on cognition in children are well documented. Not much is known about the health effects in adults. We investigated the association of residential exposure to road traffic noise and annoyance due to road traffic noise with cognitive function in a cohort of 288 elderly women from the longitudinal Study on the influence of Air pollution on Lung function, Inflammation and Aging (SALIA) in Germany. Residential noise levels-weighted 24-h mean (LDEN) and nighttime noise (LNIGHT)-were modeled for the most exposed facade of dwellings and dichotomized at ≥50 dB(A). Traffic noise annoyance (day and night) was estimated by questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry on Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-Plus) Neuropsychological Assessment Battery. The modeled noise levels were associated with impaired total cognition and the constructional praxis domain, independently of air pollution. Self-reported noise annoyance was associated with better performance in semantic memory and constructional praxis domains. This finding should be interpreted with caution since we could not control for potential confounding by hearing loss. Noise levels and annoyance were associated, but their health effects seemed mutually independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna B Fuks
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Claudia Wigmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hicran Altug
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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8
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Lladó A, Tort-Merino A, Sánchez-Valle R, Falgàs N, Balasa M, Bosch B, Castellví M, Olives J, Antonell A, Hornberger M. The hippocampal longitudinal axis-relevance for underlying tau and TDP-43 pathology. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:1-9. [PMID: 29935415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that hippocampus has different cortical connectivity and functionality along its longitudinal axis. We sought to elucidate the possible different pattern of atrophy in longitudinal axis of hippocampus between Amyloid/Tau pathology and TDP-43-pathies. Seventy-three presenile subjects were included: Amyloid/Tau group (33 Alzheimer's disease with confirmed cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] biomarkers), probable TDP-43 group (7 semantic variant progressive primary aphasia, 5 GRN and 2 C9orf72 mutation carriers) and 26 healthy controls. We conducted a region-of-interest voxel-based morphometry analysis on the hippocampal longitudinal axis, by contrasting the groups, covarying with CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, total tau, p-tau) and covarying with episodic memory scores. Amyloid/Tau pathology affected mainly posterior hippocampus while anterior left hippocampus was more atrophied in probable TDP-43-pathies. We also observed a significant correlation of posterior hippocampal atrophy with Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers and visual memory scores. Taken together, these data suggest that there is a potential differentiation along the hippocampal longitudinal axis based on the underlying pathology, which could be used as a potential biomarker to identify the underlying pathology in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adrià Tort-Merino
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Falgàs
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Global Brain Heath Institute Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magda Castellví
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Olives
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Kong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Regional cortical thickness and subcortical volume changes in patients with metabolic syndrome. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 9:588-96. [PMID: 25257747 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-014-9311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have demonstrated an association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and changes in the integrity of cerebral white matter, no study has evaluated cortical thickness or subcortical volumes in MS with MRI. The purpose of our study was to investigate changes in cortical thickness and subcortical volume in an asymptomatic MS population. A total of 86 asymptomatic subjects (40 patients with MS and 46 subjects without MS) underwent 3T brain MRI scanning, and cortical thickness was compared between the groups across multiple locations. The subcortical volumes were also compared on a structure-by-structure basis. ANCOVA adjusted for age, education, total intracranial volume (TIV), and gender revealed significant volume reductions in the right nucleus accumbens in the MS group compared with the control group. The MS group showed a significant reduction in mean cortical thickness and volume in both hemispheres compared with controls. A group comparison analysis of the regional cortical thickness between the two groups also revealed significant reductions in cortical thickness in the MS group in the left insular, superior parietal, postcentral, entorhinal, and right superior parietal cortices compared with those of the control group (all comparisons p < 0.05, FDR corrected). We demonstrated a significant reduction in cortical and subcortical areas in MS patients, especially in areas involved in body weight control and cognitive function. Our results suggest an initial neurodegenerative process according to metabolic syndrome even in the preclinical stage, and further prospective studies are required to evaluate this process.
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11
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Byun MS, Kim SE, Park J, Yi D, Choe YM, Sohn BK, Choi HJ, Baek H, Han JY, Woo JI, Lee DY. Heterogeneity of Regional Brain Atrophy Patterns Associated with Distinct Progression Rates in Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142756. [PMID: 26618360 PMCID: PMC4664412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify and characterize subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibiting different patterns of regional brain atrophy on MRI using age- and gender-specific norms of regional brain volumes. AD subjects included in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study were classified into subtypes based on standardized values (Z-scores) of hippocampal and regional cortical volumes on MRI with reference to age- and gender-specific norms obtained from 222 cognitively normal (CN) subjects. Baseline and longitudinal changes of clinical characteristics over 2 years were compared across subtypes. Whole-brain-level gray matter (GM) atrophy pattern using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of the subtypes were also investigated. Of 163 AD subjects, 58.9% were classified as the “both impaired” subtype with the typical hippocampal and cortical atrophy pattern, whereas 41.1% were classified as the subtypes with atypical atrophy patterns: “hippocampal atrophy only” (19.0%), “cortical atrophy only” (11.7%), and “both spared” (10.4%). Voxel-based morphometric analysis demonstrated whole-brain-level differences in overall GM atrophy across the subtypes. These subtypes showed different progression rates over 2 years; and all subtypes had significantly lower CSF amyloid-β1–42 levels compared to CN. In conclusion, we identified four AD subtypes exhibiting heterogeneous atrophy patterns on MRI with different progression rates after controlling the effects of aging and gender on atrophy with normative information. CSF biomarker analysis suggests the presence of Aβ neuropathology irrespective of subtypes. Such heterogeneity of MRI-based neuronal injury biomarker and related heterogeneous progression patterns should be considered in clinical trials and practice with AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song E. Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsick Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Choe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Baek
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Inn Woo
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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12
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Ward M, Cecato JF, Aprahamian I, Martinelli JE. Assessment for apraxia in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dise. Dement Neuropsychol 2015; 9:71-75. [PMID: 29213944 PMCID: PMC5618994 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642015dn91000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate apraxia in healthy elderly and in patients diagnosed with
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods We evaluated 136 subjects with an average age of 75.74 years (minimum 60
years old, maximum 92 years old) and average schooling of 9 years (minimum
of 7 and a maximum of 12 years), using the Mini-Mental State examination
(MMSE), Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) and the Clock Drawing Test.
For the analysis of the presence of apraxia, eight subitems from the CAMCOG
were selected: the drawings of the pentagon, spiral, house, clock; and the
tasks of putting a piece of paper in an envelope; the correct one hand
waiving "Goodbye" movements; paper cutting using scissors; and brushing
teeth. Results Elder controls had an average score of 11.51, compared to MCI (11.13), and AD
patients, whose average apraxia test scores were the lowest (10.23). Apraxia
scores proved able to differentiate the three groups studied (p=0.001). In
addition, a negative correlation was observed between apraxia and MMSE
scores. Conclusion We conclude that testing for the presence of apraxia is important in the
evaluation of patients with cognitive impairments and may help to
differentiate elderly controls, MCI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Ward
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Cecato
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Martinelli
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, Brazil
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