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Xu Z, Huang J, Wen M, Zhang X, Lyu D, Li S, Xiao H, Li M, Shen C, Huang H. Gentiopicroside ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM via targeting FGFR1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155780. [PMID: 38885580 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suppression of the fibroblast growth factor 21/fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGF21/FGFR1) signaling pathway is considered as a vital factor in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression. Our previous study showed that gentiopicroside (GPS), the main active compound present in Gentiana macrophylla Pall., has the capacity to control disorders related to glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with T2DM. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism remains unclear. PURPOSE In light of the fact that the PharmMapper database suggests FGFR1 as the target of GPS, our investigation aims to determine if GPS can enhance glucose and lipid metabolism issues in T2DM by modulating the FGF21/FGFR1 signaling pathway. METHODS In this study, we used palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells and db/db mice to investigate the function and mechanism of GPS in the FGF21/FGFR1 signaling pathway. To examine the interaction between GPS and FGFR1, researchers performed Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) analysis. RESULTS The results suggest that GPS activates the traditional metabolic pathways, including PI3K/AKT and AMPK, which are the subsequent stages of the FGF21/FGFR1 pathway. This activation leads to the enhancement of glucose and lipid metabolism issues in PA-treated HepG2 cells and db/db mice. Furthermore, the depletion of FGFR1 has been noticed to oppose the stimulation of PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways by GPS in HepG2 cells subjected to PA. Notability, our research affirms that GPS binds directly to FGFR1, hindering the ubiquitinated degradation of FGFR1 by neural precursor cells expressing developmentally decreased protein 4 (NEDD4) and ultimately promoting FGF21 signal transduction. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that GPS targeting FGFR1 activates the PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways, which is an important mechanism for its treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchi Xu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510801, China
| | - Jucun Huang
- Hubei NO.3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Min Wen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuting Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongxin Lyu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiming Xiao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Cuangpeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Heqing Huang
- Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510801, China.
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Wu L, Ye S, Deng X, Fu Z, Li J, Yang C. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Ameliorates High Fat-Induced Insulin Resistance via Regulating Gut Microbiota-Host Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Interactions. Nutrients 2024; 16:1133. [PMID: 38674824 PMCID: PMC11053735 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interaction between gut microbiota, host immunity and metabolism has been suggested to crucially affect the development of insulin resistance (IR). This study aims to investigate how gut microbiota, inflammatory responses and metabolism in individuals with IR are affected by the supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and how this subsequently affects the pathophysiology of IR by using a high-fat diet-induced IR mouse model. Serum biochemical indices showed that 400 mg/kg body weight of CLA effectively attenuated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance and IR, while also promoting antioxidant capacities. Histomorphology, gene and protein expression analysis revealed that CLA reduced fat deposition and inflammation, and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, insulin signaling and glucose transport in adipose tissue or liver. Hepatic transcriptome analysis confirmed that CLA inhibited inflammatory signaling pathways and promoted insulin, PI3K-Akt and AMPK signaling pathways, as well as linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, arginine and proline metabolism. Gut microbiome analysis further revealed that these effects were highly associated with the enriched bacteria that showed positive correlation with the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as well as the improved SCFAs production simultaneously. This study highlights the therapeutic actions of CLA on ameliorating IR via regulating microbiota-host metabolic and immunomodulatory interactions, which have important implications for IR control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Shijie Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiangfei Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Jinjun Li
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
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Zhang J, Gai J, Ma H, Tang J, Yang C, Zu G. Understanding the molecular mechanism of Ginkgo Folium-Forsythiae Fructus for cerebral atherosclerosis treatment using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32823. [PMID: 36800633 PMCID: PMC9936039 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral atherosclerosis (CA) is a chronic disease caused by multiple infarcts and atrophy causing nerve degenerative syndrome. Ginkgo Folium (GF) and Forsythiae Fructus (FF) have shown positive effects on vascular protection, but their relationship with CA is unclear. This study aimed to identify the potential CA targets and mechanisms of action of GF-FF, using network pharmacology. OBJECTIVE This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking to examine the potential targets and pharmacological mechanism of GF-FF on CA. METHODS Using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform, components were screened and corresponding targets were predicted using boundary values and Swiss Target Prediction. Using Cytoscape 3.8.0, a network was established between GF-FF components and CA targets. We extracted disease genes and constructed a network of targets based on the protein-protein interaction networks functional enrichment analysis database. Using Metascape, the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes of the enriched targets were determined. AutoDock Vina was used to perform molecular docking. RESULTS Twenty-three active ingredients of GF-FF were confirmed to treat CA, covering 109 targets, of which 48 were CA-related. Luteolin, bicuculline, sesamin, kaempferol, quercetin, and ginkgolide B were the vital active compounds, and EGFR, CYP2E1, CREB1, CYP19A1, PTGS2, PPARG, PPARA, ESR1, MMP9, MAPK14, MAPK8, and PLG were the major targets. The molecular docking showed that these compounds and targets exhibited good intercalation. These 48 protein targets produced effects on CA by modulating pathways such as "apoptosis-multiple species," "IL-17 signaling pathway," and "relaxin signaling pathway." CONCLUSIONS As predicted by network pharmacology, GF-FF exerts anti-tumor effects through multiple components and targets for treatment of CA, providing new clinical ideas for CA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jialin Gai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hengqin Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiqin Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- * Correspondence: Jiqin Tang, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China (e-mail: )
| | - Chuntao Yang
- Hospital Management Office, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxiu Zu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Guan L, Zhou D, Ge J. AMPK/mTOR-mediated therapeutic effect of metformin on myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury in diabetic rat. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:64-71. [PMID: 34994666 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.2024701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The autophagy associated signalling pathways such as AMPK/mTOR previously were suggested to play a crucial role in protecting from ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin (DMBG) on autophagy during myocardial IRI with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS The DM rat model was established using streptozocin, and further induced ischaemia model via transitory ligation of the left anterior coronary artery and following reperfusion. The model rats were treated with 400 mg/kg/day DMBG for 1 week. Autophagosomes were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy-associated signalling pathways were detected by western blot. RESULTS The myocardial infarct size was shown to significantly increase in the DM rats exposed to IRI compared to negative control, but decrease in DMBG treated. The mature autophagosomes were elevated in infarction and marginal zones of DM + IRI + DMBG compared to DM + IRI. Furthermore, the increasing protein levels of LC3-II, BECLIN 1, autophagy related 5 (ATG5) and AMP-activated protein kinase suggested activated autophagy-associated intracellular signalling AMPK and mTOR pathways upon DMBG treated. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the outcomes determinate a novel mechanism that DMBG could activate autophagy process to provide a cardio-protective effect against DM induced myocardial IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Daxin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Effect of Sirolimus/Metformin Co-Treatment on Hyperglycemia and Cellular Respiration in BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021223. [PMID: 36674739 PMCID: PMC9866855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirolimus (SRL) is widely used as an immunosuppressant to prevent graft rejection, despite the risk of impairing glucose metabolism. Metformin (MET) can reduce the detrimental effects of SRL in many patients, including diabetes and renal transplant recipients. Limited in vivo studies have reported on SRL and MET therapy, particularly in relation to cellular bioenergetics, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance. Herein, we investigated the efficacy of SRL and MET co-treatment in BALB/c mice over 4 weeks. Balb/c mice (4-6 weeks old) were divided into four groups and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with water (control, CTRL), MET (200 µg/g), SRL (5 µg/g), or MET (200 µg/g) +SRL (5 µg/g) over a period of one month. We evaluated the body weight, food consumption rate, random blood glucose (BG), insulin levels, serum biochemistry parameters (ALT, Albumin, BUN, Creatinine), and histomorphology in all groups using standardized techniques and assays. All drug-treated groups showed a statistically significant decrease in weight gain compared to the CTRL group, despite normal food intake. Treatment with SRL caused elevated BG and insulin levels, which were restored with SRL + MET combination. Serum biochemical parameters were within the normal range in all the studied groups. SRL+ MET co-treatment decreased liver cellular respiration and increased cellular ATP levels in the liver. In the pancreas, co-treatment resulted in increased cellular respiration and decreased cellular ATP levels. Liver and pancreatic histology were unchanged in all groups. This study showed that co-treatment of SRL with MET alleviates hyperglycemia induced by SRL without any deleterious effects. These results provide initial insights into the potential use of SRL + MET therapy in various settings.
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Guo F, Huang Y, Fernando T, Shi Y. Altered Molecular Pathways and Biomarkers of Endometrial Receptivity in Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:3335-3345. [PMID: 35006579 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anovulation is the most prominent cause of infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Although ovulation can be corrected pharmacologically, the number of pregnancies remains low. Even if excellent embryos are transferred by IVF, it does not change the high miscarriage rate of PCOS patients. These facts collectively indicate that there is a disorder of endometrial development and receptivity to the embryo in PCOS patients, including the decrease of receptive ability, inhibition of embryo adhesion, undersupply of energy, poor blood perfusion, and pro-inflammatory status in the endometrium. However, it has never received the same attention as ovulatory dysfunction. Here we list some alternations of endometrial receptivity in women with PCOS, discuss the underlying intricate mechanisms, and try to find out the possible therapeutic targets, which may bring new perspectives to those who are able to provide high-quality embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yufan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Ningde, 355000, Fujian, China
| | - Taniya Fernando
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yingli Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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O-GlcNAc Modification and Its Role in Diabetic Retinopathy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080725. [PMID: 36005597 PMCID: PMC9415332 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading complication in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and has emerged as a significant health problem. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic strategies owing to its inconspicuous early lesions and complex pathological mechanisms. Therefore, the mechanism of molecular pathogenesis requires further elucidation to identify potential targets that can aid in the prevention of DR. As a type of protein translational modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is involved in many diseases, and increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated O-GlcNAc modification is associated with DR. The present review discusses O-GlcNAc modification and its molecular mechanisms involved in DR. O-GlcNAc modification might represent a novel alternative therapeutic target for DR in the future.
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Zhu TT, Zhu CN, Huang N, Yu X, Wan GR, Wang SX, Song P, Xu J, Li P, Yin YL. Tert-Butylhydroquinone alleviates insulin resistance and liver steatosis in diabetes. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:118-125. [PMID: 35546463 PMCID: PMC9249147 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_440_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This work aimed to determine tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)'s effects on insulin resistance (IR) and liver steatosis in diabetic animals and to explore the underpinning mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male ApoE-/-mice underwent streptozocin (STZ) administration while receiving a sucrose/fat-rich diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) establishment. This was followed by a 6-week TBHQ administration. Body weight, fasting (FBG) and postprandial (PBG) blood glucose amounts, and insulin concentrations were measured, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out. Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and immunoblot were carried out for assessing histology and protein amounts in the liver tissue samples. In addition, cultured HepG2 cells were administered HClO and insulin for IR induction, and immunoblot was carried out for protein evaluation. Finally, the cells were stained with the Hoechst dye for apoptosis evaluation. RESULTS: The model animals showed T2DM signs, and TBHQ decreased FBG, ameliorated glucose tolerance and reduced liver steatosis in these animals. In addition, TBHQ markedly upregulated AMPKα2, GLUT4 and GSK3 β, as well as phosphorylated PI3K and AKT in the liver of mice with T2DM. In agreement, TBHQ decreased HClO-and insulin-related IR in cells and suppressed apoptosis through AMPKα2/PI3K/AKT signaling. CONCLUSIONS: TBHQ alleviates IR and liver steatosis in a mouse model of T2DM likely through AMPKα2/PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chao-Nan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development; Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guang-Rui Wan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ya-Ling Yin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
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Khodadadi M, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Zarghami N. An update on mode of action of metformin in modulation of meta-inflammation and inflammaging. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:310-322. [PMID: 35067907 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common chronic metabolic condition. Several genetic and environmental factors are involved in developing T2DM. Aging, inflammation, and obesity are the main contributors to the initiation of T2DM. They cause chronic sterile meta-inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby making a person more susceptible to developing T2DM. Metformin, a natural cationic biguanide, is widely used as the first-line treatment of T2DM. The exact action mechanism behind the glucose-lowering effect of metformin is not clear, but, presumably, metformin utilizes a broad spectrum of molecular mechanisms to control blood glucose including decreasing intestinal glucose absorption, inhibition of the hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreasing insulin resistance, etc. Recent studies have shown that metformin exerts its effects through the inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex 1 and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, but it has been identified in the other studies that AMPK is not the sole hub in metformin mode of action or there are other unknown mechanisms which are involved and yet to be explored. Therefore, here, we discuss the updated findings of the mechanism of action of metformin that contributes to the meta-inflammation and inflammaging action. It is proposed that figuring out the precise mechanism of action of metformin could improve its application in the fields of obesity, inflammation, aging, and inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Khodadadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zepeda-Peña AC, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Domínguez-Rosales JA, García-López PM, Pizano-Andrade JC, Hernández-Nazará ZH, Vargas-Guerrero B. Effect of Lupinus rotundiflorus gamma conglutin treatment on JNK1 gene expression and protein activation in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:374-380. [PMID: 33784492 PMCID: PMC8018548 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1893757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gamma conglutin (Cγ) from lupine species represents a potential complementary treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of its hypoglycaemic effect. However, its underlying mechanism of action is not fully known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether Cγ from Lupinus rotundiflorus M. E. Jones (Fabaceae) modulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) expression and activation in a T2DM rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gamma conglutin isolated from L. rotundiflorus seeds was characterized by SDS-PAGE. Fifteen Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced T2DM (HG) were randomized into three groups (n = 5): vehicle administration (HG-Ctrl), oral treatment with Cγ (120 mg/kg/day) (HG-Lr) for one week, and treatment with metformin (300 mg/kg/day) (HG-Met); a healthy group (Ctrl, n = 5) was included as control. The levels of glucose and biomarkers of renal and hepatic function were measured pre- and post-treatment. Hepatic Jnk1 expression and phosphorylation of JNK1 were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Oral treatment with either Cγ or metformin reduced serum glucose level to 86.30 and 74.80 mg/dL, respectively (p ˂ 0.05), from the basal levels. Jnk1 expression was 0.65- and 0.54-fold lower (p ˂ 0.05) in the HG-Lr and HG-Met groups, respectively, than in HG-Ctrl. Treatment with Cγ decreased JNK1 phosphorylation. However, Cγ did not change the levels of kidney and liver biomarkers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Treatment with Cγ from L. rotundiflorus inhibited Jnk1 expression, in vivo, suggesting JNK1 as a potential therapeutic target in diabetes and revealing one mechanism underlying the hypoglycaemic effect of lupine Cγ. Nevertheless, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Catalina Zepeda-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Carmen Magdalena Gurrola-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - José Alfredo Domínguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Pedro Macedonio García-López
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Juan Carlos Pizano-Andrade
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Zamira Helena Hernández-Nazará
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Belinda Vargas-Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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Zhang M, Cui C, Lin Y, Cai J. Ameliorating effect on glycolipid metabolism and chemical profile of Millettia speciosa champ. extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114360. [PMID: 34166739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Millettia speciosa Champ., also called Niu dali, is a fabaceous medicinal plant mainly distributed in southeast China, where it is a functional food for developing physical strength, and often used traditionally in medicinal treatment of numbness of the wrists, diabetes, hepatitis, and so on. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the chemical profile, ameliorating effects of MSC on glycolipid metabolism in diabetic mice and to identify the possible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was applied to analyze the chemical compositions from M. speciosa extract (MSC). MSC was orally administered to high-fat diet and STZ-induced diabetic mice at doses of 4.55, 9.10 and 13.65 mg/(kg·d) respectively for 10 weeks. Indices of glycolipid metabolism, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, insulin resistance index (IRI), blood lipids, HPA-axis hormones, and related gene expressions were evaluated. RESULTS 86 compounds were tentatively identified from MSC, counting for 91.97% of the total extract, mainly including 23 alkaloids (including 2 cyanogenetic glycosides firstly identified in this species, total content accounted to 39.71%), 23 flavonoids (11.91%), 17 acids (including 3 amino acids, 9 phenolic acids and 5 organic acids; 9.2%), 9 terpenoids and steroids (20.13%), 7 esters (3.33%), 3 lignans (3.73%), 3 saccharides (4.0%) and 1 anthraquinone (0.18%). MSC could ameliorate the glycolipid disorder in diabetic mice markedly, and significant regulations on CRH and ACTH hormones were observed. Moreover, the cellular morphology of liver and pancreas were significantly improved and the expressions of IRS2, PI3K, Akt and GLUT4 were significantly up-regulated by MSC treatment. CONCLUSION This was the first time to study the chemical profile and ameliorating effect on glycolipid metabolism of M. speciosa. It was found to be rich in flavonoids and alkaloids, which might support the potential relation of material foundation and the activity in regulating glycolipid metabolism. The ameliorating effect on glycolipid disorder in diabetic mice might be associated to the regulation of related hormones of the HPA axis and the IRS2/PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signalling pathway. It was of great significance for advanced directed separation and pharmacological activity research of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Caihong Cui
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanduan Lin
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinyan Cai
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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12
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Jeddi S, Gheibi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Sodium hydrosulfide has no additive effects on nitrite-inhibited renal gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2021; 283:119870. [PMID: 34352258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased renal and hepatic gluconeogenesis are important sources of fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The inhibitory effect of co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on hepatic but not renal gluconeogenesis has been reported in rats with T2D. The present study aimed to determine the effects of co-administration of sodium nitrite and NaSH on the expression of genes involved in renal gluconeogenesis in rats with T2D. METHODS T2D was induced by a combination of a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/group): Control, T2D, T2D + nitrite, T2D + NaSH, and T2D + nitrite+NaSH. Nitrite and NaSH were administered for nine weeks at a dose of 50 mg/L (in drinking water) and 0.28 mg/kg (daily intraperitoneal injection), respectively. Serum levels of urea and creatinine, and mRNA expressions of PEPCK, G6Pase, FBPase, PC, PI3K, AKT, PGC-1α, and FoxO1 in the renal tissue, were measured at the end of the study. RESULTS Nitrite decreased mRNA expression of PEPCK by 39%, G6Pase by 43%, FBPase by 41%, PC by 63%, PGC-1α by 45%, and FoxO1 by 27% in the renal tissue of rats with T2D; co-administration of nitrite and NaSH further decreases FoxO1, while had no additive effects on the tissue expression of the other genes. In addition, nitrite+NaSH decreased elevated serum urea levels by 58% and creatinine by 37% in rats with T2D. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effect of nitrite on gluconeogenesis in T2D rats is at least in part due to decreased mRNA expressions of renal gluconeogenic genes. Unlike effects on hepatic gluconeogenesis, co-administration of nitrite and NaSH has no additive effects on genes involved in renal gluconeogenesis in rats with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Brexpiprazole caused glycolipid metabolic disorder by inhibiting GLP1/GLP1R signaling in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1267-1279. [PMID: 33976388 PMCID: PMC8285380 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brexpiprazole (Bre) is a new multi-target antipsychotic drug (APD) approved by the US FDA in 2015, and shows good therapeutic potential. But it lacks assessments on the metabolic side effects, which obstructs the treatment of schizophrenia. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), an incretin associated with insulin action and metabolism, is involved in the metabolic syndrome (MS) caused by most APDs. In this study, we examined the adverse effects of Bre on glycolipid metabolism in rats and determined whether GLP1 was involved in Bre-caused MS. In the first part of experiments, rats were orally administered Bre (0.5 mg· kg-1· d-1) for 28 days with aripiprazole (1.0 mg· kg-1· d-1) or olanzapine (1.0 mg· kg-1· d-1) as the controls. Compared to vehicle, Bre administration significantly increased the weight gain, serum lipid (TG, TC, LDL, FFA), and blood glucose levels accompanied by the hormonal (insulin, glucagon, GLP1) imbalance, and the impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, we demonstrated that Bre administration significantly decreased the protein and mRNA levels of GLP1 in pancreas and small intestine by suppressing CaMKIIα, AMPK, and β-catenin; Bre administration also caused islet dysfunction with decreased GLP1R, PI3K, IRβ expression in pancreas, and the interference of IRS1, PI3K, p-AKT, and GLUT4 expression in the liver and skeletal muscle that represented the insulin resistance. In the second part of experiments, rats were orally administered Bre (0.5 mg· kg-1· d-1) for 42 days. We showed that co-administration with the GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) agonist liraglutide (0.125 mg· kg-1· d-1, ip) could ameliorate Bre-caused metabolic abnormalities. Our results demonstrate that GLP1/GLP1R signaling is involved in Bre-induced glycolipid metabolic disorders and co-treatment with liraglutide is an effective intervention against those abnormal metabolisms.
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Polysaccharide Derived from Nelumbo nucifera Lotus Plumule Shows Potential Prebiotic Activity and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111780. [PMID: 34071638 PMCID: PMC8199337 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are key bioactive compounds in lotus plumule tea, but their anti-diabetes activities remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prebiotic activities of a novel polysaccharide fraction from the Nelumbo nucifera lotus plumule, and to examine its regulation of glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. The N. nucifera polysaccharide (NNP) was purified after discoloration, hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography to obtain purified polysaccharide fractions (NNP-2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the main structural characteristics and functional group of NNP-2. Physicochemical characterization indicated that NNP-2 had a molecular weight of 110.47 kDa and consisted of xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 33.4:25.7:22.0:10.5:8.1. The prebiotic activity of NNP-2 was demonstrated in vitro using Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, NNP-2 showed bioactivity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 97.32 µg/mL). High glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were used to study the effect of NNP-2 on glucose consumption, and the molecular mechanism of the insulin transduction pathway was studied using RT-qPCR. NNP-2 could improve insulin resistance by modulating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Our data demonstrated that the Nelumbo nucifera polysaccharides are potential sources for nutraceuticals, and we propose functional food developments from the bioactive polysaccharides of N. nucifera for the management of diabetes.
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Potentiation of incretin hormones and modulation of metabolic enzymes as possible mechanisms behind the insulin sensitizing effects of cabbage-metformin treatment. Transl Res 2021; 230:44-54. [PMID: 33115637 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we treated high fructose diet-induced insulin resistance in rats with any of metformin, cabbage (80%w/w) or combined metformin and cabbage (MetCabb), and observed the activities of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis regulatory enzymes, incretin hormones and other hormones affecting glucose homeostasis. Comparisons were made with normoglycemic noninsulin resistance rats (control) and insulin-resistant untreated rats (INres). Baseline analysis showing elevated fasting blood sugar (>250 mg/dl), insulin (>25 µIU/ml) and HOMA-IR (>10) satisfied the criteria for recruitment into the insulin-resistant groups. Treatment lasted for 12 weeks. HOMA-IR values significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 24.7 to 5.5 and 10.6 respectively with MetCabb treatment. MetCabb normalized HOMA-IR values and mean β-cell responsiveness of the INres. Cabbage and metCabb normalized the leptin levels relative to control. The mean fasting blood sugar, insulin, and c-peptide levels with MetCabb treatment reverted to control levels. We found a strong positive linear correlation between the glucagon levels (r = 0.9145) and increasing HOMA-IR values while both incretin hormones; GLP-1 and GIP negatively regressed (r = -0.8084 and -0.8488). MetCab treatment produced comparable values of GLP-1 and GIP to the control. A strong positive correlation was found between the HOMA-IR values and the PEPCK (r = 0.9065), F-1,6-BPase (r = 0.7951), and G-6-Pase (r = 0.7893). The hexokinase (r = -0.807), PFK (r = -0.9151), and PK (r = -0.7448) levels regressed as HOMA-IR values increased. The glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes except PEPCK reverted to control levels with MetCabb treatment. Combination of metformin and cabbage was more effective than individual treatments.
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16
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Chang JE, Choi MS. A Molecular Perspective on the Potential Benefits of Metformin for the Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238960. [PMID: 33255783 PMCID: PMC7728327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its anti-hyperglycemic effect, metformin is the first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, particularly in people who are obese. However, metformin is a drug with a very wide range of pharmacological properties and reports of its therapeutic effect on diseases including inflammation and cancer are increasing. Numerous research groups have reported that metformin has beneficial effects on a variety of inflammatory skin disorders including psoriasis, acanthosis nigricans, acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, and allergic contact dermatitis. According to these reports, in addition to the well-known action of metformin, that is, its anti-hyperglycemic effect, NF-kB inhibition and the resulting alteration to the cytokine network may be the potential targets of metformin. Its anti-hyperandrogenism effect has also been confirmed as the major action of metformin in some inflammatory skin diseases. Moreover, novel regulatory mechanisms, including autophagy and antioxidant processes, have been suggested as promising mechanisms of action for metformin in inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Chang
- Lab of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea;
| | - Min Sik Choi
- Lab of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Jeddi S, Gheibi S, Carlström M, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Long-term co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in male type 2 diabetic rats: Role of PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway. Life Sci 2020; 265:118770. [PMID: 33212150 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A deficiency in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). An inhibitory effect on liver gluconeogenesis has been reported in rats with T2D with co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH); the underlying mechanisms have however not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the long-term effects of co-administering sodium nitrite and NaSH on expression of genes involved in liver gluconeogenesis in rats with T2D. METHODS T2D was induced using a high fat diet combined with low-dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 7/group): Control, T2D, T2D + nitrite, T2D + NaSH, and T2D + nitrite+NaSH. Nitrite (50 mg/L) and NaSH (0.28 mg/kg) were administered for 9 weeks. Intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) was performed at the end of the ninth week and mRNA expressions of PI3K, Akt, eNOS, PEPCK, G6Pase, and FBPase were measured in the liver. RESULTS Co-administration of nitrite and NaSH decreased elevated serum glucose concentrations during PTT. Compared to T2D + nitrite, co-administration of nitrite and NaSH resulted in significant increases in mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS and significant decreases in mRNA expression of G6Pase and FBPase but had no effect on PEPCK expression. CONCLUSION Long-term NaSH administration at low-dose, potentiated the inhibitory effects of nitrite on mRNA expression of key liver gluconeogenic enzymes in rats with T2D. This inhibitory effect of nitrite and NaSH co-administration on gluconeogenesis were associated with increased gene expression of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hu S, Du M, Su L, Yang H. Phosphatidylserine from Portunus trituberculatus Eggs Alleviates Insulin Resistance and Alters the Gut Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090483. [PMID: 32971772 PMCID: PMC7551936 DOI: 10.3390/md18090483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Portunus trituberculatus eggs contain phospholipids, whose components and bioactivity are unclear. Here, we investigated the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylserine from P. trituberculatus eggs (Pt-PS). Moreover, its effects on insulin resistance and gut microbiota were also evaluated in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Our results showed that Pt-PS accounted for 26.51% of phospholipids and contained abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (more than 50% of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)). Animal experiments indicated that Pt-PS significantly decreased body weight and adipose weight gain, improved hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, mitigated insulin resistance, and regulated circulatory cytokines. Pt-PS activated insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and increased the levels of IRS1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) protein, and plasma membrane glucose transporter 4 protein. Furthermore, Pt-PS modified the gut microbiota, inducing, especially, a dramatic decrease in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes at the phylum level, as well as a remarkable improvement in their subordinate categories. Pt-PS also reduced fecal lipopolysaccharide concentration and enhanced fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations. Additionally, the effects of Pt-PS on alleviation of insulin resistance and regulation of intestinal bacteria were better than those of phosphatidylserine from soybean. These results suggest that Pt-PS mitigates insulin resistance by altering the gut microbiota. Therefore, Pt-PS may be developed as an effective food supplement for the inhibition of insulin resistance and the regulation of human gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Hu
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Mengyu Du
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Laijin Su
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Wenzhou Characteristic Food Resources Engineering and Technology Research Center, Wenzhou 325006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0580-8129858
| | - Huicheng Yang
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China;
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Therapy of empagliflozin plus metformin on T2DM mice shows no higher amelioration for glucose and lipid metabolism than empagliflozin monotherapy. Life Sci 2019; 232:116622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Li W, Yang H, Zhao Q, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao X. Polyphenol-Rich Loquat Fruit Extract Prevents Fructose-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Glycometabolism, Lipometabolism, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Intestinal Barrier, and Gut Microbiota in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7726-7737. [PMID: 31203627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fructose as a daily sweetener is widely recognized as a risk catalyst for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of current study is to evaluate the effects and molecular mechanism by which polyphenol-rich loquat fruit extract (LFP) prevents NAFLD in mice fed 30% fructose water (HF) for 8 weeks. Administration of LFP to HF-fed mice mitigated abnormal body weight, disordered lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation through a mechanism regulated by the AKT, ChREBP/SREBP-1c, Nrf2, and TLR4/MyD88/TRIF pathways. LFP caused a significant decrease in the endotoxin content (16.67-12.7 EU/mL) in the liver of HF-fed mice. LFP not only improved HF-induced breakage of the intestinal barrier via interacting with tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin), mucin, and immunoreaction in the colon but also maintained normal colonic Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and the relative abundance of Veillonella in HF-fed mice. Our results suggest that LFP may serve as a nutritional agent for protecting liver in HF-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Yangtze Normal University , Chongqing 408100 , China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology , First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research , Urumqi , China
| | - Xv Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Yangtze Normal University , Chongqing 408100 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Yangtze Normal University , Chongqing 408100 , China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food , Chongqing University of Education , Chongqing 400067 , China
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Li J, Bai L, Wei F, Zhao J, Wang D, Xiao Y, Yan W, Wei J. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines Against Insulin Resistance: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:661. [PMID: 31258478 PMCID: PMC6587894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a condition in which insulin sensitivity is reduced and the insulin signaling pathway is impaired. Although often expressed as an increase in insulin concentration, the disease is characterized by a decrease in insulin action. This increased workload of the pancreas and the consequent decompensation are not only the main mechanisms for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but also exacerbate the damage of metabolic diseases, including obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and others. Many clinical trials have suggested the potential role of herbs in the treatment of insulin resistance, although most of the clinical trials included in this review have certain flaws and bias risks in their methodological design, including the generation of randomization, the concealment of allocation, blinding, and inadequate reporting of sample size estimates. These studies involve not only the single-flavored herbs, but also herbal formulas, extracts, and active ingredients. Numerous of in vitro and in vivo studies have pointed out that the role of herbal medicine in improving insulin resistance is related to interventions in various aspects of the insulin signaling pathway. The targets involved in these studies include insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, glucose transporter, AMP-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3, mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor-kappaB, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Improved insulin sensitivity upon treatment with herbal medicine provides considerable prospects for treating insulin resistance. This article reviews studies of the target mechanisms of herbal treatments for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weitian Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Lin Y, Dai X, Fang W, Wu X, Chen X. Metformin treatment improves the spatial memory of aged mice in an APOE genotype-dependent manner. FASEB J 2019; 33:7748-7757. [PMID: 30894020 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802718r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) can increase the risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are highly susceptible to cognitive dysfunction. Recent research has indicated that metformin, a prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, may affect cognitive function; however, findings regarding its efficacy are largely controversial. The current study reported that a 5-mo metformin administration (300 mg/kg/d) starting at 13 mo old improved the spatial memory of ApoE3-target replacement (TR) mice, not ApoE4-TR mice. It found that in aged ApoE3-TR mice, metformin treatment, at a molecular level, inhibited AMPK activity, increased insulin signaling, and activated mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, resulting in an enhanced expression of postsynaptic proteins; but the response of the neuronal AMPK activity and insulin signaling to metformin was blunt in aged ApoE4-TR mice. Meanwhile, metformin treatment also increased the phosphorylation of tau in both ApoE3-TR and ApoE4-TR mice, implying that metformin may have side effects in human. These findings suggest that metformin can improve the cognitive performance of aged mice in an APOE genotype-dependent manner, which provides empirical insights into the clinical value of metformin for ApoE4- and age-related AD prevention and treatment.-Zhang, J., Lin, Y., Dai, X., Fang, W., Wu, X., Chen, X. Metformin treatment improves the spatial memory of aged mice in an APOE genotype-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingbin Lin
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Dai
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenting Fang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xilin Wu
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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23
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Ostrovskaya RU, Ivanov SV, Gudasheva TA, Seredenin SB. A Novel Dipeptide NGF Mimetic GK-2 Selectively Activating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway Promotes the Survival of Pancreatic β-Cells in a Rat Model of Diabetes. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:48-57. [PMID: 31024748 PMCID: PMC6475863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the cytoprotective effect of a novel low-molecular-weight NGF mimetic, GK-2 (hexamethylenediamide bis-N-monosuccinyl-L-glutamyl-L-lysine), on pancreatic β-cells. The neuroprotective effect of GK-2 had been previously shown to be associated with selective activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In this study, rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus were used. Metformin was used as a reference drug. STZ was immunohistochemically demonstrated to reduce the number of β-cells and affect their morphological structure. Treatment of diabetic animals with GK-2 (at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally or 5 mg/kg orally) or metformin (300 mg/kg orally) for 28 days reduced the damaging effect of STZ. The effect of GK-2 on manifestations of STZ-induced diabetes, such as hyperglycemia, weight loss, polyphagia, and polydipsia, was comparable to that of metformin, while the cytoprotective activity of GK-2 was slightly stronger than that of metformin. A strong positive correlation between morphometric parameters and the blood glucose level was revealed. The GK-2 cytoprotective effect on β-cells is supposed to manifest through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. U. Ostrovskaya
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Baltiyskaya Str. 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. V. Ivanov
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Baltiyskaya Str. 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. A. Gudasheva
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Baltiyskaya Str. 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. B. Seredenin
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Baltiyskaya Str. 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Abdulmalek SA, Balbaa M. Synergistic effect of nano-selenium and metformin on type 2 diabetic rat model: Diabetic complications alleviation through insulin sensitivity, oxidative mediators and inflammatory markers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220779. [PMID: 31442295 PMCID: PMC6707613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the present article, we explore a novel strategy of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by investigating the effect of Se-NPs alone and in combination with standard anti-diabetic drug metformin (MET) in high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2DM. METHODS HFD was supplemented daily to experimental rats for 8 weeks, followed by a single low dose injection of 35 mg/kg of STZ to induce T2DM. The synergistic effect of the different therapeutic strategies on diabetic complications was evaluated after the Se-NPs and MET administration for 8 weeks. Molecular and biochemical analyses were conducted to figure out the effectiveness of our treatment on insulin sensitivity, oxidative mediators and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Our observations demonstrated that HFD/STZ-induced rats have a toxic effect on serum and hepatic tissues resulted in inducing remarkable oxidative damage and hyper-inflammation with a significant disturbance in the insulin signaling pathway. Experimental animals either treated with mono-therapeutic-two doses Se-NPs (0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg) and/or MET (100 mg/kg) alone as well as the combined therapy resulted in a remarkable protective anti-diabetic effect illustrated by significant decreases in fasting blood glucose and insulin levels after 8 weeks treatment. At the same time, the levels of active insulin signaling proteins pIRS1/pAKT/pGSK-3β/pAMPK were significantly improved. Moreover, Se-NPs exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by the mitigation of cytokine expression and a balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant status was restored. Furthermore, the anti-diabetic drug MET administration also exhibited a significant improvement in diabetic complications after the treatment period. CONCLUSION This study provides mightily the mechanism of action of combined Se-NPs and MET as a promising therapeutic alternative that synergistically alleviates most of diabetic complications and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa A. Abdulmalek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Balbaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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25
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Zhu X, Li H, Wu Y, Zhou J, Yang G, Wang W. lncRNA MEG3 promotes hepatic insulin resistance by serving as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-214 to regulate ATF4 expression. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:345-357. [PMID: 30431065 PMCID: PMC6257836 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-214 has been demonstrated to suppress gluconeogenesis by targeting activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which regulates gluconeogenesis by affecting the transcriptional activity of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1). Our previous study revealed that the upregulation of maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), a long noncoding RNA, enhanced hepatic insulin resistance via increased FoxO1 expression. The present study aimed to explore whether miR-214 and ATF4 were involved in the MEG3-mediated increase of FoxO1 expression. MEG3, miR-214 and ATF4 expression were examined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The interaction among MEG3, miR-214 and ATF4 was analysed using the luciferase reporter assay. MEG3-targeting small interference RNAs were injected into high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice to verify the role of MEG3 in hepatic insulin resistance in vivo. MEG-3 and ATF4 were demonstrated to be upregulated and miR-214 was indicated to be downregulated in the livers of HFD-fed and ob/ob mice. In mouse primary hepatocytes, palmitate time-dependently increased MEG3 and ATF4 but decreased miR-214 expression levels. Furthermore, MEG3 served as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-214 to facilitate ATF4 expression, while miR-214 inhibition and ATF4 overexpression reversed the MEG3 knockdown-mediated decrease in the expression of FoxO1 and FoxO1-downstream targets phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit. In HFD-fed mice, MEG3 knockdown substantially improved impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, while down-regulating HFD-induced ATF4 expression and upregulating HFD-suppressed miR-214 expression. In conclusion, MEG3 promoted hepatic insulin resistance by serving as a ceRNA of miR-214 to facilitate ATF4 expression. These data provide insight into the molecular mechanism of MEG3 involvement in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Hongqi Li
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbo Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Guangwei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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26
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Zhou W, Ye S. Rapamycin improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes rats through activation of autophagy. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1282-1291. [PMID: 29908010 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to explore the effects of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), on IR in T2DM rats, and to validate whether the underlying mechanism was associated with autophagy. In this study, the model of T2DM rats was established by feeding the animals with a high-fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were randomly divided into model of T2DM control group (DM-C, n = 15), metformin group (DM-M, n = 15), rapamycin group (DM-Rapa, n = 15), 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (DM-3-MA, n = 15), and rapamycin + 3-MA group (DM-Rapa-3-MA, n = 15). Rats in different treatment groups were given by corresponding therapy from gastric tube. Meanwhile, normal control group was established (n = 10). As expected, HFD- and STZ- induced T2DM rats exhibited significantly impaired glucose tolerance, reduced insulin sensitivity, dysglycemia and dyslipidemia, aggravated hepatic steatosis, enhanced hepatic inflammation, elevated p-mTOR, and suppressed hepatic autophagy. Importantly, rapamycin and metformin significantly ameliorated IR, relieved disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced inflammatory level, inhibited mTOR, and promoted autophagy. Importantly, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA significantly reversed the effects exerted by rapamycin. Collectively, our study suggests that rapamycin improved IR and hepatic steatosis in T2DM rats via activation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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27
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Casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysates ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance of C57BL/6J mice challenged with high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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28
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Wang J, Gao Y, Duan L, Wei S, Liu J, Tian L, Quan J, Zhang Q, Liu J, Yang J. Metformin ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance by inhibiting miR-21 expression in a high-fat dietary rat model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98029-98039. [PMID: 29228671 PMCID: PMC5716711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of abdominal obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes. miR-21 and TGF-β/smads is closely related to IR. However, it remained elusive whether metformin improved skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IRSM) by regulating miR-21 and its target signal TGF-β1/smads expression. In this study, high-fat diet rats with IR model and IR-skeletal muscle L6 cells (L6-SMCs) model were established, insulin sensitive index (ISI) and Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) were applied, miR-21 and TGF-β1/smads mRNA expression were examined by RT-PCR, smad3 and smad7 protein were detected by western-blotting and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), the valid target of miR-21 was detected by luciferase reporter gene assay. Here, we found that metformin dose-dependently decreased miR-21 expression, accompanied by the decrease of HOMA-IR and the increase of HOMA-ISI. Luciferase report gene assay showed that smad7 was an effective target of miR-21. miR-21 overexpression directly downregulated smad7 and indirectly upregulated smad3 expression. Interestingly, miR-21 expression positively correlated with HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with HOMA-ISI. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that metformin improved IRSM by inhibiting miR-21 expression, and that miR-21 may be one of the therapeutic targets for IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese medical, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Suhong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Tang G, Yang H, Chen J, Shi M, Ge L, Ge X, Zhu G. Metformin ameliorates sepsis-induced brain injury by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97977-97989. [PMID: 29228667 PMCID: PMC5716707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced brain injuries increase mortality, morbidity, cognitive impairment and lack of effective therapeutic treatment. Previous studies have suggested that metformin provides neuroprotective effects against ischemia, brain trauma and other brain damage, but whether metformin protects a septic brain remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects and the mechanism of metformin against septic brain damage using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Mice were randomly divided into five groups: the Sham group, CLP group, CLP+ Met group, CLP+ vehicle group and CLP+ Met+ LY group. The survival percentage and brain water content were examined, and the Morris water maze was conducted to determine the protective effect of metformin. Neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus was examined using TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry, and western blot was applied to measure the expression of p-Akt. The results indicate that metformin can increase survival percentage, decrease brain edema, preserve the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and improve cognitive function. Metformin also reduced the neuronal apoptosis induced by sepsis and increased the phosphorylation of Akt. However, the protective effect of metformin can be reversed by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. In summary, our results demonstrate that metformin can exert a neuroprotective effect by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Huiyun Yang
- Neonate Department, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neonate Department, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mengrao Shi
- Neonate Department, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lingqing Ge
- Neonate Department, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xuhua Ge
- Department of General Medicine, Yangpu Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. C
| | - Guoji Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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30
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Zhang P, Xu L, Guan H, Liu L, Liu J, Huang Z, Cao X, Liao Z, Xiao H, Li Y. Beraprost sodium, a prostacyclin analogue, reduces fructose-induced hepatocellular steatosis in mice and in vitro via the microRNA-200a and SIRT1 signaling pathway. Metabolism 2017; 73:9-21. [PMID: 28732575 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether beraprost sodium, a prostacyclin analogue, could reduce hepatic lipid accumulation induced by fructose in mice and cultured human hepatocytes, and to investigate the expression of microRNAs and the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway. METHODS Male C57BL/6JNju mice were divided into three groups and fed one of the following diets: a normal diet, a high fructose diet, or a high fructose diet with beraprost sodium treatment. In addition, human-derived HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with fructose (25mmol/L) with or without beraprost sodium (10μmol/L) for 24h, and transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against SIRT1, miR-200a mimic, or miR-200a inhibitor for 48h. The miRNA microarray analysis was performed on the HepG2 cells, and the expression profiles of miRNAs were analyzed using Gene Cluster 3.0 and verified using qPCR. RESULTS Beraprost sodium treatment attenuated hepatic steatosis, induced the transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism in C57BL/6 mice (P<0.05), and increased the expression of hepatic SIRT1 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) in the cells treated with fructose. These effects were blocked in HepG2 cells after transfection with siRNA against SIRT1. MiR-200a was highly expressed during fructose treatment and was down regulated by beraprost sodium (P<0.05). A luciferase assay showed that miR-200a regulated SIRT1 by binding to the 3' UTR. Overexpression of miR-200a inhibited expression of hepatic SIRT1. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that SIRT1 pathway mediated the effects of beraprost sodium on attenuation of hepatic lipid disorders induced by fructose and revealed the primary role of miR-200a in the regulation of hepatic SIRT1 by beraprost sodium. Our findings suggested that SIRT1 might be a therapeutic target of fructose-related metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liehua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Juan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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31
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Yang JS, Lu CC, Kuo SC, Hsu YM, Tsai SC, Chen SY, Chen YT, Lin YJ, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Lin WD, Liao WL, Lin WY, Liu YH, Sheu JC, Tsai FJ. Autophagy and its link to type II diabetes mellitus. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:8. [PMID: 28612706 PMCID: PMC5479440 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a double-edged sword for cell survival, is the research object on 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Autophagy is a molecular mechanism for maintaining cellular physiology and promoting survival. Defects in autophagy lead to the etiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, neurodegeneration, infection disease and aging. DM is a metabolic and chronic disorder and has a higher prevalence in the world as well as in Taiwan. The character of diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and failure of producing insulin on pancreatic beta cells. In T2DM, autophagy is not only providing nutrients to maintain cellular energy during fasting, but also removes damaged organelles, lipids and miss-folded proteins. In addition, autophagy plays an important role in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the roles of autophagy in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Sing Yang
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Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
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Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
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School of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
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Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Tsai
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Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yng-Tay Chen
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wei-De Lin
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Liao
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
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Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung
804 Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
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Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
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