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Garrido G, Garrido-Suárez BB, Martínez-Tapia N, Valdés-González M, Ortega-Mardones A. Antidiarrheal effect of Psidium guajava L. extract in acute diarrhea: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38578668 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Acute diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity worldwide. Psidium guajava has been globally used for its antidiarrheal potential. We conducted a systematic review of scientific articles published up to the year 2021, which included in vivo pre-clinical tests and clinical trials involving patients with acute infectious diarrhea to verify the antidiarrheal, antibacterial and antispasmodic effects of galenic preparations or phytopharmaceuticals from P. guajava. PRISMA and Rayyan were used as tools for the selection of studies collected in four databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct). The keywords used to carry out the search were: 'Psidium guajava', 'guava', 'antidiarrhe*' and 'diarrhe*', joined by Boolean operators 'OR' or 'AND'. The characteristics of studies in animal models of acute diarrhea induction, as well as in vivo and in vitro motility and microbiological tests linked with its main pathophysiological mechanisms, were collected. Twenty-three articles were included. Twenty (87%) of these reported heterogenic preclinical studies, predominating pharmacological studies of efficacy against conventional antidiarrheal agents, which utilized relevant outcomes and models of infectious diarrhea from the top pathogens in the clinic along with classical castor oil-induced diarrhea associated with motility tests. Only three articles (13%) corresponded to clinical trials investigating the efficacy, dose and safety of these preparations. Most studies reported positive results and significant mechanistic evidence from antibacterial, anti-motility, anti-secretory and protective/anti-inflammatory perspectives. However, further studies are needed to define the clinical significance and safety treatment with P. guajava extracts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabino Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Nicolás Martínez-Tapia
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Marisela Valdés-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Andrea Ortega-Mardones
- Departamento Procesos de Diagnóstico y Evaluación, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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Biological Activities and Secondary Metabolites from Sophora tonkinensis and Its Endophytic Fungi. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175562. [PMID: 36080327 PMCID: PMC9457587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., a traditional Chinese medicine, is known as Shan Dou Gen in the Miao ethnopharmacy. A large number of previous studies have suggested the usage of S. tonkinensis in the folk treatment of lung, stomach, and throat diseases, and the roots of S. tonkinensis have been produced as Chinese patent medicines to treat related diseases. Existing phytochemical works reported more than 300 compounds from different parts and the endophytic fungi of S. tonkinensis. Some of the isolated extracts and monomer compounds from S. tonkinensis have been proved to exhibit diverse biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and so on. The research progress on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of S. tonkinensis have been systematically summarized, which may be useful for its further research.
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Wen J, Zhang JW, Lyu YX, Zhang H, Deng KX, Chen HX, Wei Y. Ethanol Extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch: Antidiarrheal Activity in Mice and Contraction Effect in Isolated Rabbit Jejunum. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:325-332. [PMID: 35997860 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch root (GFR) in vivo and jejunal contraction in vitro. METHODS In vivo, 50 mice were divided into negative control, positive control (verapamil), low-, medium- and high-dose GFR (250, 500, 1,000 mg/kg) groups by a random number table, 10 mice in each group. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhea mice model by evacuation index (EI). In vitro, the effects of GFR (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 g/L) on the spontaneous contraction of isolated smooth muscle of rabbit jejunum and contraction of pretreated by Acetylcholine (ACh, 10 µmol/L) and KCl (60 mmol/L) were observed for 200 s. In addition, CaCl2 was accumulated to further study its mechanism after pretreating jejunal smooth muscle with GFR (1 and 3 g/L) or verapamil (0.03 and 0.1 µmol/L) in a Ca2+-free-high-K+ solution containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). RESULTS GFR (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) significantly reduced EI in castor oil-induced diarrhea model mice (P<0.01). Meanwhile, GFR (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 g/L) inhibited the spontaneous contraction of rabbit jejunum (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Contraction of jejunums samples pretreated by ACh and KCl with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values was 1.05 (0.71-1.24), 0.34 (0.29-0.41) and 0.15 (0.11-0.20) g/L, respectively. In addition, GFR moved the concentration-effect curve of CaCl2 down to the right, showing a similar effect to verapamil. CONCLUSIONS GFR can effectively against diarrhea and inhibit intestinal contraction, and these antidiarrheal effects may be based on blocking L-type Ca2+ channels and muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637100, China
| | - Jian-Wu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637100, China
| | - Yuan-Xia Lyu
- Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637100, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637100, China
| | - Kai-Xi Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637100, China
| | - Hong-Xue Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637100, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637100, China.
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Ayalew M, Bekele A, Mengistie MG, Atnafie SA. Evaluation of the antidiarrheal activity of 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of Bersama abyssinica fresen (Melianthaceae) in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:8. [PMID: 34991582 PMCID: PMC8734363 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of traditional medicinal plants in the management of diarrhea has long been practiced in Ethiopia. B. abyssinica fresen is one of the plants traditionally used to treat diarrhea whereas an in vivo study had not yet been conducted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of B. abyssinica in mice. Methods Cold maceration within 80% methanol was used to extract the leaf powder and extract of the leaf was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, and distilled water. The in vivo antidiarrheal activity of crude extracts and solvent fractions were tested in experimental models of castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and antimotility test. Five groups each with 6 mice were used under the three antidiarrheal models. Positive controls were treated with loperamide 3 mg/kg and atropine 5 mg/kg and 2% tween 80 was used in the treatment of negative controls. The extract and solvent fractions were administered at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Time of onset of diarrhea, number and weight of total and wet feces, the percent reduction in the number of wet feces, weight and volume of intestinal contents, and percent inhibition of intestinal motility were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result Defecation of castor oil-induced diarrheal or loose stools was inhibited (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of crude extract and aqueous fraction. The crude extract and the aqueous fraction at three doses (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), the chloroform fraction at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), and the n-hexane fraction at 400 mg/kg (p < 0.05) reduced intraluminal fluid accumulation compared with the negative control. Castor oil-induced intestinal motility was significantly suppressed with the three-doses of aqueous fraction (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of crude extract (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01), 400 mg/kg of chloroform and n-hexane (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) compared with negative control. Conclusion The crude extract, aqueous, and chloroform fractions of B. abyyssinica leaves have promising anti-diarrheal effects, supporting the plant's traditional use to treat diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihret Ayalew
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Azmeraw Bekele
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mestayet Geta Mengistie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Seyfe Asrade Atnafie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Abd-Alla HI, Souguir D, Radwan MO. Genus Sophora: a comprehensive review on secondary chemical metabolites and their biological aspects from past achievements to future perspectives. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:903-986. [PMID: 34907492 PMCID: PMC8671057 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sophora is deemed as one of the most remarkable genera of Fabaceae, and the third largest family of flowering plants. The genus Sophora comprises approximately 52 species, 19 varieties, and 7 forms that are widely distributed in Asia and mildly in Africa. Sophora species are recognized to be substantial sources of broad spectrum biopertinent secondary metabolites namely flavonoids, isoflavonoids, chalcones, chromones, pterocarpans, coumarins, benzofuran derivatives, sterols, saponins (mainly triterpene glycosides), oligostilbenes, and mainly alkaloids. Meanwhile, extracts and isolated compounds from Sophora have been identified to possess several health-promising effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antiplatelets, antipyretic, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-osteoporosis, anti-ulcerative colitis, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antidiarrheal, and insecticidal activities. Herein, the present review aims to provide comprehensive details about the phytochemicals and biological effects of Sophora species. The review spotlighted on the promising phytonutrients extracted from Sophora and their plethora of bioactivities. The review also clarifies the remaining gaps and thus qualifies and supplies a platform for further investigations of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howaida I Abd-Alla
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Giza-Dokki, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Dalila Souguir
- Institut National de Recherches en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Université de Carthage, 10 Rue Hédi Karray, Manzeh IV, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed O Radwan
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Giza-Dokki, 12622, Egypt.
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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Souza LKM, Nogueira KM, Araújo TSL, Sousa NA, Sousa FBM, Oliveira AP, Sales T, Silva K, Rocha TM, Leal LKAM, Magalhães PJC, Souza MHLP, Medeiros JVR. Anti-diarrheal therapeutic potential of diminazene aceturate stimulation of the ACE II/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in mice: A trial study. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114500. [PMID: 33684388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin (Ang) II converting enzyme (ACE II) pathway has recently been shown to be associated with several beneficial effects on the body, especially on the cardiac system and gastrointestinal tract. ACE II is responsible for converting Ang II into the active peptide Ang-(1-7), which in turn binds to a metabotropic receptor, the Mas receptor (MasR). Recent studies have demonstrated that Diminazene Aceturate (DIZE), a trypanosomicide used in animals, activates the ACE II pathway. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effects promoted by the administration of DIZE to activate the ACE II/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis in induced diarrhea mice models. The results show that activation of the ACE II pathway exerts antidiarrheal effects that reduce total diarrheal stools and enteropooling. In addition, it increases Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduces gastrointestinal transit and thus inhibits contractions of intestinal smooth muscle; decreases transepithelial electrical resistance, epithelial permeability, PGE2-induced diarrhea, and proinflammatory cytokines; and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated that DIZE, when activating the ACE II/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis, can still interact with GM1 receptors, which reduces cholera toxin-induced diarrhea. Therefore, activation of the ACE II/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis can be an important pharmacological target for the treatment of diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan K M Souza
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Parnaíba Delta (UFDPar), Av. São Sebastião, n° 2819, CEP 64202-02 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
| | - Kerolayne M Nogueira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Thiago S L Araújo
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Parnaíba Delta (UFDPar), Av. São Sebastião, n° 2819, CEP 64202-02 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Nayara A Sousa
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Parnaíba Delta (UFDPar), Av. São Sebastião, n° 2819, CEP 64202-02 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Francisca B M Sousa
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Parnaíba Delta (UFDPar), Av. São Sebastião, n° 2819, CEP 64202-02 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Ana P Oliveira
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Parnaíba Delta (UFDPar), Av. São Sebastião, n° 2819, CEP 64202-02 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Thiago Sales
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Karine Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Talita M Rocha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Luzia K A M Leal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Pedro J C Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Marcellus H L P Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Jand V R Medeiros
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Federal University of Parnaíba Delta (UFDPar), Av. São Sebastião, n° 2819, CEP 64202-02 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil
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Zhang SN, Li XZ, Tan LY, Zhu KY. A Review of Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Sophora tonkinensis with Bioinformatics Prediction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:359-389. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. (ST) (Fabaceae) is distributed chiefly in south-central and southeast China and Vietnam. In traditional Chinese medicine theory, the root and rhizome of ST are toxic and mainly used in the treatment of pharyngeal and laryngeal diseases. Modern studies provide new insights into the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of ST. The pharmacological and toxicological properties of ST were reviewed in this paper based on the literature from Google Scholar and CNKI, and the bioinformatics platforms were applied to explore the pharmacological and toxicological potentials of ST. The results of the literature analysis showed that ST has hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects and produces obvious toxicity to the liver and nervous and cardiovascular system. The results of bioinformatics showed that the compounds from ST may be applied to the treatment of cancer and digestive and nervous system diseases and show the possibility to cause hematotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. The present review demonstrates that attention should be paid to the potential toxicity of ST in the treatment of diseases and provides the reference for the subsequent pharmacological toxicological studies on the mechanism and chemical basis of ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Nan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area 550025, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Zhao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area 550025, P. R. China
| | - Long-Yan Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area 550025, P. R. China
| | - Kui-Yuan Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen Testing Center of Medical Devices, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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