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Al Saihati HA, Badr OA, Dessouky AA, Mostafa O, Samir Farid A, Aborayah NH, Abdullah Aljasir M, Baioumy B, Mahmoud Taha N, El-Sherbiny M, Hamed Al-Serwi R, Ramadan MM, Salim RF, Shaheen D, E M Ali F, Ebrahim N. Exploring the cytoprotective role of mesenchymal stem Cell-Derived exosomes in chronic liver Fibrosis: Insights into the Nrf2/Keap1/p62 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112934. [PMID: 39178516 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathology present in most chronic liver diseases. Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated intracellular catabolic and recycling process that plays an essential role in maintaining normal hepatic functions. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular anti-oxidative stress response. This study was designed to assess the cytoprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) on endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4) induced liver fibrosis. Rats were treated with 0.1 ml of CCL4 twice weekly for 8 weeks, followed by administration of a single dose of MSC-exos. Rats were then sacrificed after 4 weeks, and liver samples were collected for gene expression analyses, Western blot, histological studies, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results showed that MSC-exos administration decreased collagen deposition, apoptosis, and inflammation. Exosomes modulate the Nrf2/Keap1/p62 pathway, restoring autophagy and Nrf2 levels through modulation of the non-canonical pathway of Nrf2/Keap1/p62. Additionally, MSC-exos regulated miR-153-3p, miR-27a, miR-144 and miRNA-34a expression. In conclusion, the present study shed light on MSC-exos as a cytoprotective agent against EMT and tumorigenesis in chronic liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajir A Al Saihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Albatin, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omnia A Badr
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Arigue A Dessouky
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ola Mostafa
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Samir Farid
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Qalyubia, Egypt.
| | - Nashwa H Aborayah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt, Department of Pharmacology, Mutah University, Mutah 61710, Jordan.
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bodour Baioumy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud M Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah City, United Arab Emirates; Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt.
| | - Rabab F Salim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha Universit, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Shaheen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nesrine Ebrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Stem Cell Unit, Egypt.
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Hashim AR, Bashir DW, Rashad E, Galal MK, Rashad MM, Khalil HMA, Deraz NM, S M EG. Neuroprotective Assessment of Betaine against Copper Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Brains of Albino Rats: A Histopathological, Neurochemical, and Molecular Investigation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1684-1701. [PMID: 38564598 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are commonly used metal oxides. Betaine possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. The current study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effect of CuO-NPs on rats and the capability of betaine to mitigate neurotoxicity. Forty rats; 4 groups: group I a control, group II intraperitoneally CuO-NPs (0.5 mg/kg/day), group III orally betaine (250 mg/kg/day) and CuO-NPs, group IV orally betaine for 28 days. Rats were subjected to neurobehavioral assessments. Brain samples were processed for biochemical, molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Behavioral performance of betaine demonstrated increasing locomotion and cognitive abilities. Group II exhibited significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), overexpression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Significant decrease in glutathione (GSH), and downregulation of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), nuclear factor erythroid 2-like protein 2 (Nrf-2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathological alterations; neuronal degeneration, pericellular spaces, and neuropillar vacuolation. Immunohistochemically, an intense immunoreactivity is observed against IL-1β and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Betaine partially neuroprotected against CuO-NPs associated alterations. A significant decrease at MDA, downregulation of IL-1β, and TNF-α, a significant increase at GSH, and upregulation of AChE, Nrf-2, and SOD. Histopathological alterations partially ameliorated. Immunohistochemical intensity of IL-1β and GFAP reduced. It is concluded that betaine neuroprotected against most of CuO-NP neurotoxic effects through antioxidant and cell redox system stimulating efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa R Hashim
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Dina W Bashir
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Eman Rashad
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mona K Galal
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Maha M Rashad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Nasrallah M Deraz
- Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Gharbawy S M
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Hu M, Ying X, Zheng M, Wang C, Li Q, Gu L, Zhang X. Therapeutic potential of natural products against Alzheimer's disease via autophagic removal of Aβ. Brain Res Bull 2024; 206:110835. [PMID: 38043648 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, include the deposition of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. A decline in cognitive ability is related to the accumulation of Aβ in patients with AD. Autophagy, which is a primary intracellular mechanism for degrading aggregated proteins and damaged organelles, plays a crucial role in AD. In this review, we summarize the most recent research progress regarding the process of autophagy and the effect of autophagy on Aβ. We further discuss some typical monomers of natural products that contribute to the clearance of Aβ by autophagy, which can alleviate AD. This provides a new perspective for the application of autophagy modulation in natural product therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Xinyi Ying
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Lili Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China.
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China.
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Yao J, Kan B, Dong Z, Tang Z. Research Progress of Mitophagy in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2024; 20:827-844. [PMID: 38482617 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050300063240305074310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing as the elderly population, which hurts elderly people's cognition and capacity for self-care. The process of mitophagy involves the selective clearance of ageing and impaired mitochondria, which is required to preserve intracellular homeostasis and energy metabolism. Currently, it has been discovered that mitophagy abnormalities are intimately linked to the beginning and progression of AD. This article discusses the mechanism of mitophagy, abnormal mitophagy, and therapeutic effects in AD. The purpose is to offer fresh perspectives on the causes and remedies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Yao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Bohong Kan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengjia Dong
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Ma J, Zheng M, Zhang X, Lu J, Gu L. Ethanol extract of Andrographis paniculata alleviates aluminum-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment through regulating the p62-keap1-Nrf2 pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:441. [PMID: 38057817 PMCID: PMC10698961 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative and remains incurable. Aluminum is a potent neurotoxin associated with AD. The main pathological features of AD are extracellular amyloid-β protein deposition and intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. A body of evidence suggest that oxidative stress and autophagy are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Andrographis paniculata (AP) is a native plant with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and regulation of autophagy properties. AP significantly alleviated cognitive impairments, reduced Aβ deposition and has neuroprotective effect. However, its effects on aluminum-induced AD model have not been studied much. In this study, we investigated whether AP protect against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity through regulation of p62-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)-Nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and activation autophagy in vivo and in vitro. METHODS UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS was used to identify the chemical constituents of AP ethanol extract. The mice with cognitive deficit were established by injecting aluminum chloride and D-galactose, and treated with either AP extract (200, 400, or 600 mg/kg/d) or andrographolide (2 mg/kg/2d).The spatial memory ability was detected by Morris water maze, HE staining were used to detect in brain tissue,Oxidative stress indexs and SOD activity in both serum and brain tissue were detected by kit.The expression of p62-Nrf2 pathway proteins were measured via western blotting. Furthermore, the neurotoxicity model was induced by aluminum maltolate (700 µM) in PC12 cells. Following AP and andrographolide treatment, the cell viability was detected. The relevant mRNA and protein expressions were detected in cells transfected with the p62 siRNA. RESULTS The main active components of AP included andrographolide, neoandrographolide and deoxyandrographolide as identified. AP and andrographolide significantly improved the spatial memory ability of mice, attenuated pathological changes of hippocampal cells, reduced the level of malondialdehyde, and increased superoxide dismutase activity in serum or brain tissue as compared to model control. In addition, the Nrf2, p62 and LC3B-II proteins expression were increased, and p-Tau and Keap1 proteins were decreased in the hippocampus after AP and andrographolide treatment.Furthermore, AP increased aluminum maltolate-induced cell viability in PC12 cells. Silencing p62 could reverse the upregulation expression of Nrf2 and downregulation of Keap1 and Tau proteins induced by AP in aluminum maltolate-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS AP had neuroprotective effects against aluminum -induced cognitive dysfunction or cytotoxicity, which was involved in the activation of the p62-keap1-Nrf2 pathway and may develop as therapeutic drugs for the treatment of AD. However, this study has certain limitations, further optimize the protocol or model and study the molecular mechanism of AP improving AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy (Institute of Materia Medica), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy (Institute of Materia Medica), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy (Institute of Materia Medica), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Lili Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy (Institute of Materia Medica), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China.
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Sidiropoulou GA, Metaxas A, Kourti M. Natural antioxidants that act against Alzheimer's disease through modulation of the NRF2 pathway: a focus on their molecular mechanisms of action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1217730. [PMID: 37465125 PMCID: PMC10351420 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1217730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterized by a complex pathophysiology that includes the intraneuronal formation of neurofibrillary tangles and the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid plaques, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a terminal neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia in older adults. Oxidative stress in the brain is considered as one of the contributing factors to the pathogenesis of AD, and thus, antioxidants have attracted much interest as potential therapeutic agents against the disorder. Natural antioxidants are typically characterized by low acute and chronic toxicity, which facilitates their potential therapeutic application. One important molecular target for the beneficial effects of natural antioxidants is the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2). NRF2 is a key transcription factor that orchestrates the cellular antioxidant response through regulating the expression of oxidative stress-related genes harboring the antioxidant response element (ARE) in their promoters. Indeed, in the case of excessive oxidative damage, NRF2 migrates to the nucleus and binds to ARE, activating the transcription of antioxidant protector genes. There is increasing evidence that NRF2 is implicated in AD pathology through dysfunction and altered localization, which renders it as a potential therapeutic target for AD. Thus, this review summarizes the most recent (2018-2023) advances on the NRF2-modulating activity of natural antioxidants observed in vitro and in AD animal models. This information will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing the antioxidant activity of such phytochemicals to highlight their therapeutic potential against common neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grammatiki Alexandra Sidiropoulou
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug Discovery Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Centre, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Malamati Kourti
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug Discovery Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Centre, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Neuroprotective effect of tangeretin against chromium-induced acute brain injury in rats: targeting Nrf2 signaling pathway, inflammatory mediators, and apoptosis. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1465-1480. [PMID: 36884189 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Potassium dichromate (PD) is an environmental xenobiotic commonly recognized as teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic in animals and humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of tangeretin (TNG) as a neuro-protective drug against PD-induced brain injury in rats. Thirty-two male adult Wistar rats were blindly divided into four groups (8 rats/group). The first group received saline intranasally (i.n.). The second group received a single dose of PD (2 mg/kg, i.n.). The third group received TNG (50 mg/kg; orally), for 14 days followed by i.n. of PD on the last day of the experiment. The fourth group received TNG (100 mg/kg; orally) for 14 days followed by i.n. of PD on the last day of the experiment. Behavioral indices were evaluated 18 h after PD administration. Neuro-biochemical indices and histopathological studies were evaluated 24 h after PD administration. Results of the present study revealed that rats intoxicated with PD induced- oxidative stress and inflammation via an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and glutathione(GSH) levels with an increase in brain contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6). Pre-treatment with TNG (100 mg/kg; orally) ameliorated behavior, cholinergic activities, and oxidative stress and decreased the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators; TNF-α and IL-6 with a decrease in brain content of chromium residues detected by Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer. Also, the histopathological picture of the brain was improved significantly in rats that received TNG (100 mg/kg). Additionally, TNG decreased caspase-3 expression in the brain of PD rats. In conclusion, TNG possesses a significant neuroprotective role against PD-induced acute brain injury via modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and quenching the release of inflammatory mediators and apoptosis in rats.
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Bai X, Bian Z, Zhang M. Targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway using phytochemical ingredients: A novel therapeutic road map to combat neurodegenerative diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154582. [PMID: 36610130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a classical nuclear transcription factor that regulates the system's anti-oxidative stress response. The activation of Nrf2 induces the expression of antioxidant proteins and improves the system's anti-oxidative stress ability. Accumulating evidence suggests that Nrf2-centered signaling pathways may be a key pharmacological target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, phytochemicals as new therapeutic agents against NDDs have not been clearly delineated. PURPOSE To review the therapeutic effects of phytochemical ingredients on NDDs by activating Nrf2 and reducing oxidative stress injury. METHODS A comprehensive search of published articles was performed using various literature databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The search terms included "Nrf2", "phytochemical ingredients", "natural bioactive agents", "neurodegenerative diseases", "Antioxidant", "Alzheimer's disease", "Parkinson's disease", "Huntington's disease", "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" "multiple sclerosis", "toxicity", and combinations of these keywords. A total of 769 preclinical studies were retrieved until August 2022, and we included 39 of these articless on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and other fields. RESULTS Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies showed that phytochemical ingredients could act as an Nrf2 activator in the treatment of NDDs through the antioxidant defense mechanism. These phytochemical ingredients, such as salidroside, naringenin, resveratrol, sesaminol, ellagic acid, ginsenoside Re, tanshinone I, sulforaphane, curcumin, naringin, tetramethylpyrazine, withametelin, magnolol, piperine, and myricetin, had the potential to improve Nrf2 signaling, thereby combatting NDDs. CONCLUSION As Nrf2 activators, phytochemical ingredients may provide a novel potential strategy for the treatment of NDDs. Here, we reviewed the interaction between phytochemical ingredients, Nrf2, and its antioxidant damaging pathway in NDDs and explored the advantages of phytochemical ingredients in anti-oxidative stress, which provides a reliable basis for improving the treatment of NDDs. However, further clinical trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of Nrf2 activators for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhigang Bian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Miao Q, Wang R, Sun X, Du S, Liu L. Combination of puerarin and tanshinone IIA alleviates ischaemic stroke injury in rats via activating the Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1022-1031. [PMID: 35635784 PMCID: PMC9176674 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Puerarin (Pue) and tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) are often used in combination in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect and synergic mechanism of Pue-Tan IIA on the treatment of ischaemic stroke (IS). MATERIALS AND METHODS IS was induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats were intraperitoneally injected with Pue (36 mg/kg), Tan IIA (7.2 mg/kg), or Pue-Tan IIA (36 and 7.2 mg/kg) for five times [30 min before ischaemia, immediately after reperfusion (0 h), 24, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion]. After administration, neurological function assessment and histological changes in the brain were performed. S-100β and NSE levels were measured to determine the severity of brain injury. Oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory mediators were measured. The proteins involved in Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS After administration, the neurological function scores, infarct volume, S-100β, and NSE levels were significantly reduced in MCAO rats, especially with Pue-Tan IIA treatment (p < 0.05). All treatments increased T-AOC, CAT, SOD, and GSH activities and reduced GSSG activity and MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, and COX-2 levels in MCAO rats. Pue-Tan IIA significantly increased Nrf2 expression in the nucleus (1.81-fold) and decreased its expression in the cytoplasm (0.60-fold). Pue-Tan IIA significantly increased the expressions of HO-1 (1.87-fold) and NQO1 (1.76-fold) and decreased Keap1 expression (0.39-fold). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The combination of Pue and Tan IIA could alleviate ischaemic brain injury by activating Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway, providing an experimental basis for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Miao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihai Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Sun
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Du
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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10
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Li N, Wen L, Wang F, Wang T, Li T, Qiao M, Song L, Bukyei E, Huang X. Mechanism of mitigating effect of wheat germ peptides on lead-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114190. [PMID: 36252511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that lead-induced neurotoxicity is closely related to oxidative stress. According to previous reports, wheat germ peptides (WGPs) isolated from wheat germ have been shown to have potent antioxidant capacity. This study hypothesized that WGPs could protect PC12 cells from lead-induced oxidative stress. Here, the protecting-efficacies of WGPs were investigated in PC12 cells that were pretreated with WGPs (200 μM, 4 h) and exposed to lead (10 μM, 24 h). The antioxidant capacity was assessed by cell viability, ROS, MDA, SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, GSH, and GSSG. The experimental results showed that WGP3, WGP8, and WGP9 could reverse the reduction of cell viability caused by lead exposure. Lead exposure causes oxidative stress by increasing the levels of ROS and MDA. Moreover, the decrease in the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GSH/GSSG could be observed. However, WGP3, WGP8, and WGP9 can protect PC12 cells against lead-induced oxidative stress by reversing these phenomena. The protein expression of TXNIP, Keap1, and Nrf2 was characterized by western blotting, and the results illustrated that lead exposure up-regulated the expression of TXNIP and Keap1 and down-regulated the expression of Nrf2, and WGP3, WGP8, and WGP9 could improve the antioxidant capacity of PC12 cells by reversing this phenomenon. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that WGP3, WGP8, and WGP9 may protect against lead-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells by regulating the TXNIP/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63# Agricultural Road, 450000 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Liuding Wen
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63# Agricultural Road, 450000 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116# Huayuan Road, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63# Agricultural Road, 450000 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiange Li
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63# Agricultural Road, 450000 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingwu Qiao
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63# Agricultural Road, 450000 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianjun Song
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63# Agricultural Road, 450000 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erkigul Bukyei
- Department for Food Engineering and Hydromechanics, School of Engineering and Technology, Mongolian State University of Life Sciences, Zaisan-53, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia
| | - Xianqing Huang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63# Agricultural Road, 450000 Zhengzhou, China.
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11
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Activation of PI3k/Akt/mTOR Signaling Induces Deposition of p-tau to Promote Aluminum Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1516-1525. [PMID: 36066748 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum neurotoxicity impairs learning and memory ability, but the molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in regulating the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins (PRPs) and p-tau deposition to explore the mechanism underlying aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. We constructed a sub-chronic aluminum-exposed Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model to assess aluminum neurotoxicity in vivo. The learning and memory abilities of rats were examined using the Morris water maze test. We also assessed the effect of aluminum in vitro using rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. To explore the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in aluminum neurotoxicity, we used the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin in aluminum-treated PC12 cells. Protein expression was examined by western blotting. Aluminum disrupted the learning and memory abilities of SD rats. Mechanistically, aluminum reduced the levels of the synaptic PRPs (cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and it increased p-tau deposition in the hippocampus of SD rats. We observed similar results in aluminum-treated PC12 cells. Further, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling was abnormally activated in aluminum-treated PC12 cells, and treatment with rapamycin reversed the decrease in synaptic PRPs levels and the increase in p-tau deposition. In conclusion, the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling reduces the levels of synaptic PRPs and increases p-tau deposition induced by aluminum. Therefore, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway participates in the mechanism of aluminum neurotoxicity.
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12
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Suzen S, Tucci P, Profumo E, Buttari B, Saso L. A Pivotal Role of Nrf2 in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A New Way for Therapeutic Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060692. [PMID: 35745610 PMCID: PMC9227112 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical research indicates that neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by excess levels of oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers and by lower levels of antioxidant protection in the brain and peripheral tissues. Dysregulations in the oxidant/antioxidant balance are known to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and involve mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and neuroinflammation, all events that lead to the proteostatic collapse of neuronal cells and their loss. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a short-lived protein that works as a transcription factor and is related to the expression of many cytoprotective genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant responses. A major emerging function of Nrf2 from studies over the past decade is its role in resistance to OS. Nrf2 is a key regulator of OS defense and research supports a protective and defending role of Nrf2 against neurodegenerative conditions. This review describes the influence of Nrf2 on OS and in what way Nrf2 regulates antioxidant defense for neurodegenerative conditions. Furthermore, we evaluate recent research and evidence for a beneficial and potential role of specific Nrf2 activator compounds as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-533-391-5844
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘‘Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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13
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Chang R, Sun X, Jia H, Xu Q, Dong Z, Tang Y, Luo S, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Xu C. Inhibiting nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2-mediated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells induces oxidative stress in response to exogenous fatty acids. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 35397612 PMCID: PMC8994900 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In early lactation, bovine mammary epithelial cells undergo serious metabolic challenges and oxidative stress both of which could be alleviated by activation of autophagy. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NFE2L2), a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis, plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy and oxidative stress. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of NFE2L2-mediated autophagy on oxidative stress of bovine mammary epithelial cells in response to exogenous free fatty acids (FFA).
Results
Exogenous FFA induced linear and quadratic decreases in activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increases in the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Protein abundance of LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II) and the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes decreased in a dose-dependent manner, while protein abundance of p62 increased in cells challenged with FFA. Activation of autophagy via pre-treatment with Rap attenuated the FFA-induced ROS accumulation. Importantly, FFA inhibited protein abundance of NFE2L2 and the translocation of NFE2L2 into the nucleus. Knockdown of NFE2L2 by siRNA decreased protein abundance of LC3-II, while it increased protein abundance of p62. Furthermore, sulforaphane (SFN) pre-treatment attenuated the FFA-induced oxidative stress by activating NFE2L2-mediated autophagy.
Conclusions
The data suggested that NFE2L2-mediated autophagy is an important antioxidant mechanism in bovine mammary epithelial cells experiencing increased FFA loads.
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14
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Dey A, Chen R, Li F, Maitra S, Hernandez JF, Zhou GC, Vincent B. Synthesis and Characterization of Andrographolide Derivatives as Regulators of βAPP Processing in Human Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:7660. [PMID: 34946739 PMCID: PMC8707718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, one of the main characteristics of which is the abnormal accumulation of amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain. Whereas β-secretase supports Aβ formation along the amyloidogenic processing of the β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), α-secretase counterbalances this pathway by both preventing Aβ production and triggering the release of the neuroprotective sAPPα metabolite. Therefore, stimulating α-secretase and/or inhibiting β-secretase can be considered a promising anti-AD therapeutic track. In this context, we tested andrographolide, a labdane diterpene derived from the plant Andrographis paniculata, as well as 24 synthesized derivatives, for their ability to induce sAPPα production in cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Following several rounds of screening, we identified three hits that were subjected to full characterization. Interestingly, andrographolide (8,17-olefinic) and its close derivative 14α-(5',7'-dichloro-8'-quinolyloxy)-3,19-acetonylidene (compound 9) behave as moderate α-secretase activators, while 14α-(2'-methyl-5',7'-dichloro-8'-quinolyloxy)-8,9-olefinic compounds 31 (3,19-acetonylidene) and 37 (3,19-diol), whose two structures are quite similar although distant from that of andrographolide and 9, stand as β-secretase inhibitors. Importantly, these results were confirmed in human HEK293 cells and these compounds do not trigger toxicity in either cell line. Altogether, these findings may represent an encouraging starting point for the future development of andrographolide-based compounds aimed at both activating α-secretase and inhibiting β-secretase that could prove useful in our quest for the therapeutic treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Dey
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (A.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (R.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (R.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Subhamita Maitra
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (A.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Jean-Francois Hernandez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR5247 CNRS/Université de Montpellier/ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Guo-Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (R.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (A.D.); (S.M.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 2 rue Michel Ange, 75016 Paris, France
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15
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Qu J, Liu Q, You G, Ye L, Jin Y, Kong L, Guo W, Xu Q, Sun Y. Advances in ameliorating inflammatory diseases and cancers by andrographolide: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and perspective. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:1147-1178. [PMID: 34877672 DOI: 10.1002/med.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide, a well-known natural lactone having a range of pharmacological actions in traditional Chinese medicine. It has long been used to cure a variety of ailments. In this review, we cover the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological activity of andrographolide which supports its further clinical application in cancers and inflammatory diseases. Growing evidence shows a good therapeutic effect in inflammatory diseases, including liver diseases, joint diseases, respiratory system diseases, nervous system diseases, heart diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and inflammatory skin diseases. As a result, the effects of andrographolide on immune cells and the processes that underpin them are discussed. The preclinical use of andrographolide to different organs in response to malignancies such as colorectal, liver, gastric, breast, prostate, lung, and oral cancers has also been reviewed. In addition, several clinical trials of andrographolide in inflammatory diseases and cancers have been summarized. This review highlights recent advances in ameliorating inflammatory diseases as well as cancers by andrographolide and its analogs, providing a new perspective for subsequent research of this traditional natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoquan You
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Zeng B, Wei A, Zhou Q, Yuan M, Lei K, Liu Y, Song J, Guo L, Ye Q. Andrographolide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches. Phytother Res 2021; 36:336-364. [PMID: 34818697 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, a renowned herb medicine in China, is broadly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of cold and fever, sore throat, sore tongue, snake bite with its excellent functions of clearing heat and toxin, cooling blood and detumescence from times immemorial. Modern pharmacological research corroborates that andrographolide, the major ingredient in this traditional herb, is the fundamental material basis for its efficacy. As the main component of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, andrographolide reveals numerous therapeutic actions, such as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic and so on. However, there are scarcely systematic summaries on the specific mechanism of disease treatment and pharmacokinetics. Moreover, it is also found that it possesses easily ignored security issues in clinical application, such as nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. Thereby it should be kept a lookout over in clinical. Besides, the relationship between the efficacy and security issues of andrographolide should be investigated and evaluated scientifically. In this review, special emphasis is given to andrographolide, a multifunctional natural terpenoids, including its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and pharmaceutical researches. A brief overview of its clinical trials is also presented. This review intends to systematically and comprehensively summarize the current researches of andrographolide, which is of great significance for the development of andrographolide clinical products. Noteworthy, those un-cracked issues such as specific pharmacological mechanisms, security issues, as well as the bottleneck in clinical transformation, which detailed exploration and excavation are still not to be ignored before achieving integration into clinical practice. In addition, given that current extensive clinical data do not have sufficient rigor and documented details, more high-quality investigations in this field are needed to validate the efficacy and/or safety of many herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Ailing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kelu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Up-regulation of Nrf2/P62/Keap1 involves in the anti-fibrotic effect of combination of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate and cysteine hydrochloride induced by CCl 4. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174628. [PMID: 34774851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Combination of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate and cysteine hydrochloride (MG-CH) has been used in the treatment of chronic liver disease for decades, however, its mechanism is still unclear. Our previous studies showed that MG-CH confers the optimal therapeutic effect at the ratio of 2:1 to against acute liver damage. In this study, it was used to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect induced by CCl4. The results showed that injection of MG-CH produced anti-fibrotic effect ranged from 30 mg/kg to 60 mg/kg, evidenced by decreased the collagens deposition and inhibited the production of hydroxyproline. Mechanism study found that Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway was activated by MG-CH, whereas loss of hepatocytic Nrf2 abolished its anti-fibrotic effect significantly. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that MG-CH is a non-canonical NRF2 inducer, which promoted the autophagy activity and release the Nrf2 from keap 1 by promoting the phosphorylation of p62 at Ser351. Knockdown of p62 abolished the enhancement of nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 by MG-CH. All of these results suggested that up-regulation of Nrf2/P62/Keap1 involves in the anti-fibrotic effect of MG-CH, which provide a rational explanation for the usage of MG-CH in the treatment of fibrosis.
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