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Greer DM, Aparicio HJ, Siddiqi OK, Furie KL. Cardiac Diseases. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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2
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El-Chouli M, Mohr GH, Bang CN, Malmborg M, Ahlehoff O, Torp-Pedersen C, Gerds TA, Idorn L, Raunsø J, Gislason G. Time Trends in Simple Congenital Heart Disease Over 39 Years: A Danish Nationwide Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020375. [PMID: 34219468 PMCID: PMC8483486 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background We describe calendar time trends of patients with simple congenital heart disease. Methods and Results Using the nationwide Danish registries, we identified individuals diagnosed with isolated ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, or pulmonary stenosis during 1977 to 2015, who were alive at 5 years of age. We reported incidence per 1 000 000 person‐years with 95% CIs, 1‐year invasive cardiac procedure probability and age at time of diagnosis stratified by diagnosis age (children ≤18 years, adults >18 years), and 1‐year all‐cause mortality stratified by diagnosis age groups (5–30, 30–60, 60+ years). We identified 15 900 individuals with simple congenital heart disease (ventricular septal defect, 35.2%; atrial septal defect, 35.0%; patent ductus arteriosus, 25.2%; pulmonary stenosis, 4.6%), of which 75.7% were children. From 1977 to 1986 and 2007 to 2015, the incidence rates increased for atrial septal defect in adults (8.8 [95% CI, 7.1–10.5] to 31.8 [95% CI, 29.2–34.5]) and in children (26.6 [95% CI, 20.9–32.3] to 150.8 [95% CI, 126.5–175.0]). An increase was only observed in children for ventricular septal defect (72.1 [95% CI, 60.3–83.9] to 115.4 [95% CI, 109.1–121.6]), patent ductus arteriosus (49.2 [95% CI, 39.8–58.5] to 102.2 [95% CI, 86.7–117.6]) and pulmonary stenosis (5.7 [95% CI, 3.0–8.3] to 21.5 [95% CI, 17.2–25.7]) while the incidence rates remained unchanged for adults. From 1977–1986 to 2007–2015, 1‐year mortality decreased for all age groups (>60 years, 30.1%–9.6%; 30–60 years, 9.5%–1.0%; 5–30 years, 1.9%–0.0%), and 1‐year procedure probability decreased for children (13.8%–6.6%) but increased for adults (13.3%–29.6%) were observed. Conclusions Increasing incidence and treatment and decreasing mortality among individuals with simple congenital heart disease point toward an aging and growing population. Broader screening methods for asymptomatic congenital heart disease are needed to initiate timely treatment and follow‐up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Casper N Bang
- Danish Heart Foundation Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Ole Ahlehoff
- Department of Cardiology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Departments of Clinical Investigation and Cardiology North Zealand University Hospital Hillerød Denmark.,Department of Cardiology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark
| | - Thomas A Gerds
- Danish Heart Foundation Copenhagen Denmark.,Section of Biostatistics University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lars Idorn
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jakob Raunsø
- Department of Cardiology Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Herlev Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Danish Heart Foundation Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Cardiology Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Herlev Denmark
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Pagola J, Pagola C, Juega J, González-Alujas T, Alvarez-Sabin J, Molina CA. The Role of Echocardiography Screening at the Stroke Unit. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1003. [PMID: 33013663 PMCID: PMC7516041 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pagola
- Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Vall D'Hebron Hospital, Vall D'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Pagola
- Cardiology Department, Ciudad de Jaén University Hospital, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jesús Juega
- Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Vall D'Hebron Hospital, Vall D'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa González-Alujas
- Echocardiography Lab Cardiology Department, Vall D'Hebrón Hospital, CIBER-CV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Alvarez-Sabin
- Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Vall D'Hebron Hospital, Vall D'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos A Molina
- Stroke Unit, Neurology Department, Vall D'Hebron Hospital, Vall D'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Fernando RJ, Goeddel LA, Shah R, Ramakrishna H. Analysis of the 2019 ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS Appropriate Use Criteria for Multimodal Imaging in the Assessment of Structural Heart Disease. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 34:805-818. [PMID: 31196720 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohesh J Fernando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Lee A Goeddel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ronak Shah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Harish Ramakrishna
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ.
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Wrigley P, Khoury J, Eckerle B, Alwell K, Moomaw CJ, Woo D, Flaherty ML, De Los Rios la Rosa F, Mackey J, Adeoye O, Martini S, Ferioli S, Kissela BM, Kleindorfer DO. Prevalence of Positive Troponin and Echocardiogram Findings and Association With Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2017; 48:1226-1232. [PMID: 28381647 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients may have raised serum cardiac troponin levels on admission, although it is unclear what prognostic implications this has, and whether elevated levels are associated with cardiac causes of stroke or structural cardiac disease as seen on echocardiogram. We investigated the positivity of cardiac troponin and echocardiogram testing within a large biracial AIS population and any association with poststroke mortality. METHODS Within a catchment area of 1.3 million, we screened emergency department admissions from 2010 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, discharge codes 430 to 436 and ascertained all physician-confirmed AIS cases by retrospective chart review. Hypertroponinemia was defined as elevation in cardiac troponin above the standard 99th percentile. Multiple logistic regression was performed, controlling for stroke severity, history of cardiac disease, and all other stroke risk factors. RESULTS Of 1999 AIS cases, 1706 (85.3%) had a cardiac troponin drawn and 1590 (79.5%) had echocardiograms. Hypertroponinemia occurred in 353 of 1706 (20.7%) and 160 of 1590 (10.1%) had echocardiogram findings of interest. Among 1377 who had both tests performed, hypertroponinemia was independently associated with echocardiogram findings (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 2-4.2). When concurrent myocardial infarctions (3.5%) were excluded, hypertroponinemia was also associated with increased mortality at 1 year (35%; odds ratio, 3.45; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-5.6) and 3 years (60%; odds ratio, 2.91; 95% confidence interval, 2.06-4.11). CONCLUSIONS Hypertroponinemia in the context of AIS without concurrent myocardial infarction was associated with structural cardiac disease and long-term mortality. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether further cardiac evaluation might improve the long-term mortality rates seen in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wrigley
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Jane Khoury
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bryan Eckerle
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kathleen Alwell
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles J Moomaw
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Daniel Woo
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | - Jason Mackey
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Opeolu Adeoye
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sharyl Martini
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Simona Ferioli
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brett M Kissela
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
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6
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Landry GJ, Shukla R, Rahman A, Azarbal AF, Mitchell EL, Liem TK, Moneta GL. Demographic and echocardiographic predictors of anatomic site and outcomes of surgical interventions for cardiogenic limb emboli. Vasc Med 2016; 21:528-534. [PMID: 27807307 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x16666691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine if symptomatic cardiogenic limb emboli have a random distribution or if there are demographic or echocardiographic factors that predict site of embolization, limb salvage and mortality. Upper (UE) and lower extremity (LE) emboli were evaluated over a 16-year period (1996-2012). Demographic (age, gender, smoking, medical comorbidities) and echocardiographic data were analyzed to determine predictors of embolic site. All symptomatic patients underwent surgical revascularization. Limb salvage and mortality were compared with Kaplan-Meier analysis. A total of 161 patients with symptomatic cardiogenic emboli were identified: 56 UE and 105 LE. The female-to-male ratio for UE emboli (70%:30%) was significantly higher than for LE emboli (47%:53%, p=0.008). No other demographic factors were statistically different. Upper extremity patients were more likely to have atrial fibrillation (50% vs 29.8%, p=0.028), while LE patients had a higher percentage of aortic or mitral valvular disease or intracardiac thrombus (71.4% vs 52.5%, p=0.038). The 30-day limb salvage was higher for UE compared to LE (100% vs 88%, p=0.008). There was a trend toward higher 30-day mortality in the LE group (14% vs 5%, p=0.11). Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years were similar (UE: 62.2%, 44.2%, 35.3%; LE: 69.1%, 47.5%, 30.3%; p=ns). Upper extremity emboli are more frequent in women and patients with atrial fibrillation. Lower extremity emboli are more frequent in the presence of valvular disease or intracardiac thrombus, and are associated with increased 30-day limb loss and mortality. These findings suggest gender- and cardiac-specific differences in patterns of blood flow leading to preferential sites of peripheral embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Landry
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rakendu Shukla
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Auddri Rahman
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amir F Azarbal
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Erica L Mitchell
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Timothy K Liem
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gregory L Moneta
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Greer DM, Homma S, Furie KL. Cardiac Diseases. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Cotter PE, Belham M, Martin PJ. Stroke in younger patients: the heart of the matter. J Neurol 2010; 257:1777-87. [PMID: 20623300 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stroke in young adults is not a rare entity, and often provides difficult management decisions for neurologists. The knowledge gained from stroke in older adults does not transfer easily to this younger group given the different causes of stroke observed. Cardiac causes of stroke are common in this group, but often consist of low risk cardiac lesions such as a patent foramen ovale. Appropriate investigation should follow a stepwise approach to initially exclude higher risk pathology for recurrent stroke such as arterial dissection. Similarly, stepwise application of cardiac investigations will allow early identification of significant pathology, with investigation for abnormalities of the inter-atrial septum reserved for those with no other identified cause of stroke. Bubble contrast echo is now widely available, and with improved image quality may be performed with either transthoracic or transoesophageal echo, as well as with transcranial Doppler. Following this approach, patients can be best categorised by the expected rate of recurrent stroke, as informed by observational studies. Appropriate secondary prevention can then be tailored to the recurrence rate, with anticoagulation and possibly device closure reserved for those at highest risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Cotter
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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Morris JG, Duffis EJ, Fisher M. Cardiac workup of ischemic stroke: can we improve our diagnostic yield? Stroke 2009; 40:2893-8. [PMID: 19478214 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.109.551226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Discovering potential cardiac sources of stroke is an important part of the urgent evaluation of the ischemic stroke patient as it often impacts treatment decisions that are essential for determining secondary stroke prevention strategies, yet the optimal approach to the cardiac workup of an ischemic stroke patient is not known. METHODS A review of the literature concerning the utility of cardiac rhythm monitoring (ECG, telemetry, Holter monitors, and event recorders) and structural imaging (transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography) was performed. RESULTS Data supporting a definitive, optimal, and cost-effective approach are lacking, though some data suggest that appropriate patient selection can improve the diagnostic and therapeutic yield of rhythm monitoring and echocardiography in the evaluation of stroke etiology. CONCLUSIONS Based on available data, an algorithmic approach for the evaluation of patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular events that takes into account therapeutic and diagnostic yield as well as cost-efficiency is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane G Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, 55 Lake Ave North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Schaer B, Sticherling C, Lyrer P, Osswald S. Cardiological diagnostic work-up in stroke patients - a comprehensive study of test results and therapeutic implications. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:268-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Strandberg M, Marttila RJ, Helenius H, Hartiala J. Transoesophageal echocardiography should be considered in patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2008; 28:156-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2007.00785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Vogt FM, Hunold P, Herborn CU, Ruehm SG, Barkhausen J, Kroger K. Combined arterial and venous whole-body MR angiography with cardiac MR imaging in patients with thromboembolic disease--initial experience. Eur Radiol 2008; 18:983-92. [PMID: 18193236 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-007-0832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the feasibility of a combined arterial and venous whole-body three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, together with a cardiac MR examination, in patients with arterial thromboembolism. Ten patients with arterial thromboembolism underwent a contrast-enhanced whole-body MR examination of the arterial and venous vessels, followed by a cardiac MR examination on a separate occasion within 24 h. All examinations were performed on a 1.5-T MR scanner. For both arterial and venous MR angiography only one injection of contrast agent was necessary. The cardiac imaging protocol included dark-blood-prepared half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo-spin-echo sequences, fast steady-state free precession cine sequences, T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequences and inversion recovery gradient-echo fast low-angle-shot sequences after injection of contrast agent. MR imaging revealed additional clinically unknown arterial thromboembolisms in four patients. The thoracic aorta was depicted as embolic source in four patients, while deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was found in one patient as the underlying disease. Unsuspected infarction of parenchymal organs was detected by MRI in two patients. An unknown additional DVT was found in one patient. Four patients were considered to have arterial emboli of cardiac origin. In conclusion, acquisition of arterial and venous MR angiograms of the entire vascular system combined with cardiac MR imaging is a most comprehensive and valuable strategy in patients with arterial thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Vogt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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Should Routine Echocardiography Be Performed in All Patients With Stroke? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 16:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Harloff A, Handke M, Reinhard M, Geibel A, Hetzel A. Therapeutic Strategies After Examination by Transesophageal Echocardiography in 503 Patients With Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2006; 37:859-64. [PMID: 16439702 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000202592.87021.b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard in detecting high-risk (ie, aortic thrombi) and potential sources (ie, patent foramen ovale [PFO]) of cerebral embolism. We sought to evaluate the additional information and therapeutic impact provided by TEE in stroke patients and to characterize patients in whom TEE is indispensable. METHODS We included 503 consecutive patients (mean age 62.2 years) with acute brain ischemia. Each patient received TEE and the following routine diagnostics: ultrasound of brain supplying arteries, ECG or Holter-ECG, transthoracic echocardiography, and brain imaging (computed tomography or MRI). Stroke etiology was classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. High-risk sources in TEE were: aortic thrombi or plaques > or =4 mm, thrombi in left atrial cavity/left atrial appendage, spontaneous echo contrast, and left atrial flow velocity <30 cm/s. Potential sources in TEE were PFO, atrial septal aneurysm, and aortic plaques <4 mm. RESULTS Stroke etiology was determined by routine diagnostics in 276 of 503 patients (54.9%). Of the remaining 227 patients (undetermined etiology), 212 (93.4%) were candidates for oral anticoagulation (OA). TEE revealed a high-risk source, with indication for OA in 17 of them (8.0%). A potential source leading to OA was found in an additional 48 patients (22.6%). The remaining 147 patients (69.3%) were treated by platelet inhibitors or statins. CONCLUSIONS TEE strongly influenced secondary prevention and led to OA in one third of our patients with stroke of undetermined etiology. TEE is indispensable in all patients being candidates for OA when routine diagnostics cannot clarify stroke etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Harloff
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany.
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16
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Schneiderman J, Feinberg MS, Schwammenthal E, Tenenbaum A, Garniak A, Morag B, Walden R, Heldenberg E, Fenigstein H, Adar R. Protruding aortic arch thrombus: Treatment with minimally invasive surgical approach. J Vasc Surg 2004; 40:1083-8. [PMID: 15622359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2004.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protruding aortic arch thrombus is associated clinically with life-threatening emboli. Definitive treatment for aortic arch thrombus removal has demanded complicated vascular surgical procedures, with high morbidity and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) enabled diagnosis of a protruding thrombus at the aortic arch in 5 patients, and a simultaneous lesion in the descending aorta in 1 patient. Four patients had visceral emboli, coinciding with peripheral emboli in 2 patients, and the fifth patient had peripheral and cerebral emboli. One patient had had ischemic stroke and femoral emboli a few months previously. Mean patient age was 51 years. None had clinical evidence of coronary or peripheral atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Risk factors included hypertension (n = 2), smoking (n = 4), and preexisting thrombophilia (n = 4). Five patients underwent TEE-guided aortic balloon thrombectomy from the arch with a 34-mm occluding balloon catheter. One patient also underwent balloon thrombectomy from the descending aorta with a 14F Foley catheter. Access into the aorta was obtained through the iliac artery (n = 4) during laparotomy because of visceral ischemia or through the transfemoral approach (n = 2). Previous procedures included superior mesenteric embolectomy (n = 3), segmental bowel resection (n = 1), splenectomy (n = 1), and peripheral arterial embolectomy n = 3). Real-time intraoperative TEE enabled visualization of the protruding thrombus and assisted with maneuvering of the balloon catheter. At completion peripheral thrombectomy thrombus material was retrieved in 4 patients. Postoperatively there were no clinically proved new procedure-related visceral emboli, and all patients received anticoagulant therapy thereafter. Follow-up TEE within 2 weeks and up to 7 years revealed no recurrent aortic arch thrombus. CONCLUSIONS TEE-guided aortic balloon thrombectomy used in 6 procedures was effectively completed without visceral or peripheral ischemic complications. It enabled removal of the life-threatening source of emboli from the proximal aorta, thereby averting the need of major aortic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Schneiderman
- Department of Vascular Surgery and the Gottesdiener Vascular Biology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Strandberg M, Marttila RJ, Helenius H, Hartiala J. Transoesophageal echocardiography in selecting patients for anticoagulation after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 73:29-33. [PMID: 12082041 PMCID: PMC1757302 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.73.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate prospectively the role of transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in selecting patients for anticoagulation in an unselected stroke population. METHODS Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and TEE were done in all clinically suitable hospitalised patients (n = 457) with transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke in the acute phase during a two year period in Turku University Hospital. 441 patients were successfully evaluated for cardiac sources of embolism using TEE within 31 days of the event. RESULTS A major risk factor for a cardiac source of embolism excluding atrial fibrillation, acute myocardial infarction, and prosthetic valve was detected in 10% of patients and a minor risk factor for a cardiac source of embolism in 46%. When a major risk factor of a cardiac source of embolism was detected using TTE or TEE and no contraindications were present, the patient was given anticoagulation drugs. If a minor risk factor for a cardiac source of embolism was detected, anticoagulation treatment was started after clinical assessment, if no contraindications were present. In 62 (14%) cases, the patient was given oral anticoagulation drugs or the necessity of ongoing anticoagulation treatment was confirmed on the basis of TEE. When these anticoagulation treated patients were evaluated using logistic regression analysis, they were found to have significantly more atrial fibrillation and histories of myocardial infarctions. Moreover, the patients were mainly men. When patients in sinus rhythm and without any history of cardiac disease were analysed, 8% of patients were found to have been given anticoagulation drugs on the basis of TEE data. CONCLUSION This study suggests that TEE should be used in patients with stroke even without any clinical evidence of cardiac disease when the patients are candidates for anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Strandberg
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Khan IA. Left atrial thrombus in dilated cardiomyopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2002; 11:130. [PMID: 11872974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1076-7460.2002.00971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ijaz A Khan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
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